Competent choice of instantaneous water heaters. Which is better to buy instantaneous electric water heater

Supply interruptions hot water, especially in the summer, happen with enviable constancy. To solve this problem, many are forced to equip in their apartment offline source hot water supply. Quite often, our choice stops at a flowing electric water heater. Of course, you need to decide which instantaneous water heater is better and how to choose the right model.

The instantaneous pressure water heater under the sink is invisible and useful

These units are distinguished by their small size, low power consumption, and in terms of efficiency they are no worse than modifications. accumulative type. AT similar devices there is an instant heating of the liquid and you can not be afraid that, while taking a shower from the horn, you will find yourself under a cold stream of water, because the hot one has ended in storage tank.

How does an instantaneous water heater work?

A flowing water heater is a plastic or metal casing, inside of which there is a tubular electric a heating element(TEN). The principle of operation of an instantaneous water heater is not complicated: the cold water entering the inlet of the apparatus, in contact with the heating element, acquires the desired temperature at the outlet. Energy is consumed only during the operation of the device. The best instantaneous water heaters have the following advantages:

• low weight and overall dimensions;
• the possibility of placing in any convenient place;
• unlimited amount of heated liquid;
• electricity consumption in interval mode;
• small price.

The internal structure of an instantaneous water heater - an example of modern technology

It must be understood that the more often a water heater of a similar design operates, the greater will be the cost of paying bills. Basically, it depends on the number of people living in the apartment, the location of the water intake points, and so on. The best low-power flow heaters used in the country are very economical.

Which is better: electric or gas water heater?

Flowing water heaters, depending on the energy source used, are divided into electric and gas. The principle of operation is essentially the same, so you need to choose a source of energy. Asked if it's better geyser or electric water heater, there is no single answer: each unit has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The cost of gas fuel is lower, but the installation of gas water heaters requires exhaust ventilation equipment with a chimney and compliance with a number of fire safety requirements.

The geyser requires a special permit from the relevant authorities, which means that do-it-yourself installation is prohibited, and a certified specialist is needed.

In addition, the geyser requires constant Maintenance, and for the operation of the unit, it is necessary to have a constant working pressure in the gas line. They have large overall dimensions, have restrictions on the installation site and burn oxygen.

A small size instantaneous water heater will harmoniously fit into any interior

Instantaneous water heaters, which are powered by electric current, are much safer to use. Their installation is not difficult and can be done by hand. It should be borne in mind that powerful models have an increased load on the electrical wiring, so a safe connection should be provided. These units are compact in size and can be installed anywhere.

What is the difference between pressure and non-pressure models

Non-pressure models are distinguished by the fact that the internal pressure in the system is close to atmospheric. Pressure modifications are always under pressure from the fluid of the water main. Non-pressure water heaters do not have high power, as a result they heat water weakly and are used mainly as auxiliary devices for hot water supply, they work great in summer cottages.

The water heater can be built right into the faucet

The package of non-pressure models, designed to service one water intake point, includes a shower hose, watering can or faucet. Units of this type do not exert an increased load on the electrical network to which they are connected, so in most cases it is not necessary to replace the wiring with a more powerful one. This is again convenient for giving. Non-pressure models are always installed after a tap or faucet that blocks water access.

Instantaneous water heater option with tap

Pressure water heaters are mounted directly into the distribution of the water supply network and can serve several water intake points at the same time. Most often they are installed under the sink, hung on the wall or placed behind the door. kitchen furniture. These units can maintain a constant temperature of the heated water and automatically turn on when the tap is opened.

Connecting water heaters

Water heaters are connected to engineering communications supply of water and electricity. At the same time, there are differences in the wiring of pressure and non-pressure models, but grounding must be done in any case. Non-pressure water heaters are much easier to connect to a water source.

The water heater under the sink takes up very little space

Pressure units are connected to two water supply lines, through which hot and cold water is supplied. In almost any case, it will be correct to equip the power supply with a separate line, since overloading the existing wiring is unacceptable, and all safety requirements must be observed. Electrical installation water heaters operated in rooms with high humidity must be carried out with particular care.

Connecting a non-pressure model to a water source

The installation of an instantaneous water heater always starts with hydraulic installation, because it is necessary to squeeze out air pockets and fill its body with water. Connecting a non-pressure model to a source cold water is not difficult and can be done by hand. The device is mounted through a gasket that has dielectric properties and is included in the device package.

Heated shower head - another instantaneous water heater option

A mixer or shut-off valve must be present at the heater inlet. This is necessary so that in the container in which the liquid is heated to the desired temperature, pressure is not created for which it is not designed.

If a shut-off valve is connected at the outlet of the water heating device, a container rupture may occur, since the automation that controls the workflow does not monitor the pressure of the liquid at the place of its heating, but controls its presence or absence only at the system inlet.

The supply of hot water coming from the water heater is carried out through a long hose with a shower arm or gander. It is not possible to replace the faucet or spiral hose supplied with the unit, as they are specially designed for the required heating and economical water consumption. During operation, it is necessary to exclude the ingress of water splashes on the unit and the provision of external mechanical impact on it.

Connecting a pressurized water heater to the water supply

Pressure execution of a water heater provides connection to a water supply system in a section of pipeline system. A tee is used, installed to the nearest pipe branch. In order to be able to turn off the unit with a centralized supply of hot water, liquid shut-off valves are installed on the inlet pipes.

Connecting a pressurized instantaneous water heater to a faucet

In addition, their presence helps to remove the device for repair or replacement without blocking the center line. Before the tee it is better to install a filter for cleaning tap water, since its quality in the vast majority of cases can lead to a reduction in the life of the device.

Electrical installation

The electrical installation of the instantaneous water heater is carried out after it is fixed in the selected place and the device body is filled with water. Low-power models can be plugged directly into an outlet. If the apartment has an electric stove, the cable that feeds it is activated.

Wiring diagram for connecting instantaneous water heater

Some powerful units require equipment three-phase network rated voltage three hundred and eighty volts. In all cases, it is imperative to provide for the implementation of high-quality grounding. In addition, a residual current device is necessary, which interrupts the operation of the unit in the event of a danger of human injury. electric shock. Detailed instructions about connecting RCD you will find in the article

Control options for water heaters

The efficiency of their functioning largely depends on the quality of control of water heaters. There are the following implementations of this function:

• Devices using hydraulic type automation. In this case, a special sensor is located at the system inlet, which controls the appearance of the flow of sheath fluid and turns on the heating element. The disadvantage of this design is that it connects only one level of heating power. In some models, it can be changed manually by push-button switching.
• Using an electronic microprocessor. It controls the operation of the heater using monitoring sensors and allows you to maintain the same temperature regime of the heated liquid.

Hydraulic control makes it possible to obtain an increase in the temperature of the serviced liquid only by a certain amount. Which one depends on the power of the tubular electric heating element. It is believed that the temperature of the water at the entrance varies from twenty to twenty-five degrees.

It turns out that in summer the hydraulic control allows you to provide hot water, but in winter the unit may not be able to cope with heating too cold water.

Electronic control allows you to maintain the desired temperature of the heated liquid, regardless of the time of year. Such units are much more expensive and have more power, as a result of which they require a separate connection line and the mandatory installation of a residual current device.

Determining the required capacity of an instantaneous water heater

The power of an instantaneous water heater is its most important operational parameter. It determines the amount of hot water heated by the unit for a certain period of time. A low-power unit is able to heat about five liters of water within a minute, enough for cooking dinner or taking a shower.

The power of an instantaneous water heater required to meet the demand for hot water can be simply determined by dividing this parameter by half. The result obtained will show quite accurately how many liters of liquid, the temperature of which will increase by approximately thirty degrees, will be consumed in a minute interval. For example, a unit with a capacity of eighteen kilowatts will provide an output of nine liters of hot water per minute.

By determining the daily consumption of hot water depending on the number of people living in the apartment, you can easily calculate required power instantaneous water heater. It increases by about one and a half times if a bath is taken instead of a shower, and there are many water intake points.

Depending on the design and purpose, the power of the water heater will be different.

In practice, in the case of using a non-pressure water heater with a tap, a power of 3.5 kW is sufficient. If you need to heat water only for the shower, choose a device with a power of 5 kW. In the case of the possible use of a shower and a tap at the same time, it is better to purchase a water heater with a power of 7 kW.

Assessment of possible water consumption

The possible water consumption is estimated depending on the size of the family living in the apartment, the presence or absence of a bathroom, and so on. What will be the average water consumption for an average family of three? Let's try to figure it out.

Taking a shower, an adult man spends about fifteen liters of hot water, a woman, on average, ten liters more. Adding here morning hygiene procedures, washing dishes and hands, we get that a family of three will spend about a hundred liters of water. At the same time, thirty liters will be enough for one person.

Real offer on store shelves

There is a huge variety of modifications on the modern market. instantaneous water heaters both pressure and non-pressure. Actual offers of pressure models can be compared with the help of the following table.

Table of characteristics of instantaneous water heaters
Name of the water heater	Number of points	Powerful, watt	Dimensions, mm	Productivity, l/min	control type	We stand, %
Electrolux Smartfix 2.0TX	1	6500	270x135x100	3,7	hydraulic	100
Thermex System 800	1 to 3	8000	270x95x170	6	hydraulic	160
Electrolux NPX 8 Flow Active	1 to 3	8800	226x88x370	4,2	electr	490
AEG RMC 75	1 to 3	7500	200x106x360	1 to 3	electr	510
Evan W1-9.45	1	9450	260x190x705	3,8	mechanical	530
Stiebel Eltron DHM3	1 to 3	3000	190x82x143	3,7	hydraulic	660

When choosing a specific device for a house or apartment, it is necessary to take into account the totality of all operating parameters. The most important part of an instantaneous water heater is the tubular electric heating element. For long-term trouble-free operation of the unit, it is necessary to protect this part from direct contact with the heated liquid. Other structural elements in contact with water must be made of brass, copper or stainless steel.

Such heaters perform one important function - heating water. It is difficult to overestimate the need for devices for this purpose, because the problem with the presence of hot water is strongly felt in city apartments throughout the summer. It is even more difficult for residents of private houses, they simply do not have a centralized supply warm water. But modern technology helps to solve this problem with just one device, and you do not need to make a fire or heat water on a gas stove.

Today, manufacturers offer many options for water heating equipment, the equipment differs from each other in terms of the principle of operation and design features. The most popular options are gas and electric water heaters. Experts advise making your choice in favor of electric models, and in areas where there is no gas supply, there is simply no alternative to such water heaters. Among electrical appliances, by the way, there is also plenty to choose from, there are both storage and flow models.

Choice between gas and electric appliances

Now there are problems with the availability of gas only in some villages, and all cities are supplied with this fuel. Therefore, apartment owners are faced with a choice between gas and electricity. The first thing worth mentioning is that the cost of electricity is higher than the cost of gas, so electric instantaneous heaters are less economical than gas ones. But electrical equipment has its own important advantages: they do not need to equip a chimney, which is very convenient, and electrical equipment also works without fire, so it is safer.

In general, the gas is flammable and even explodes, so the use of such fuel is very dangerous. Of course, modern appliances are made of better quality, but gas is still not the safest substance. There are some nuances in the use of electrical equipment, its body must be sealed so that water does not get inside. Also, to avoid electric shock, it is better to use grounding.

Operating principle

The fact that the device really heats the water is understandable, but how exactly does it all work. There is a special heating part in the case - a tube, a liquid passes through it and its temperature rises to the required value. The power of such a part can be different, the temperature of the water that you get at the outlet depends on this characteristic. The more powerful the appliance, the warmer the water.

Models with power from 3 to 27 kW are on the market. The numbers say little about anything, so it’s worth saying which device, in which case it is better to use. So, for shower procedures, a 6-8 kW device is quite enough, it can heat water up to 40 degrees. But in winter, this may not be enough, because a liquid comes in that is a little colder, and a device with a power rating of 12-15 kW is required. If you need not only a shower, but hot water throughout the house, then you need to focus on the power of the water heater of 15-20 kW. But it should be borne in mind that the amount of electricity consumption depends on the power, and, accordingly, utility bills.

The functions of the heating part can be performed by a heating element or an insulated coil. The main advantage of the second option is that scale from all kinds of salts does not settle on the element. But there are also drawbacks to the spiral, it is very afraid of air congestion and, if they occur, it can simply burn out. To eliminate this phenomenon, it is necessary to provide the element with protection against dry running.

Connecting the device is not an easy task, and it is better to entrust it to the masters. You can find specialists in a store that sells such equipment, they know all the features of water heaters and have experience in performing such work. By the way, the installation process is also quite expensive, because you have to buy various expendable materials including cable.

Advantages and disadvantages of instantaneous water heater

Each device has both positive and negative sides, and electric instantaneous water heaters are no exception. But it should be noted right away that the advantages of equipment of this type are much greater than the disadvantages. Unlike storage devices, the owner of the flow heater immediately receives water, and does not wait for it to heat up. Accordingly, electricity is consumed only when the water is turned on, and in storage systems, electricity is constantly spent to maintain the temperature.

The main advantages of a flow device for heating water:

• This equipment is very easy to use. The device automatically starts working when the water is turned on, and immediately turns off when the tap is turned on;
• The instantaneous water heater provides the user with an unlimited amount of water. At the same time, warm water is supplied very quickly, it can take from 30 seconds to a couple of minutes;
• The flow device does not require special care and regular maintenance;
• Such devices are small in size. The dimensions of the case are usually in the region of 30 by 15 centimeters. This allows you to install the water heater almost anywhere so that it is hidden from prying eyes and does not interfere with movement.

  Therefore, flow models are used even in small apartments;

• If you need hot water in a small amount, then the flow option will work much more economically than storage. Such a device does not need a permanent connection to electricity to maintain the temperature of the water;
• The cost of a flowing electric water heater is much less than the cost of storage models;
• Water in the process of heating completely retains its qualities, because the equipment does not provide for it. long-term storage in a container. This means that harmful bacteria do not multiply in the liquid, and there are no stagnations of water that adversely affect its quality.

When describing flow-through devices for heating water, it is worth mentioning the disadvantages that may incline you towards choosing storage models. So, the main disadvantages of the devices:

• Typically, such devices are equipped with low productivity, and at the exit you will get water with a temperature of 40 degrees, and this is rather warm than hot water;
• To get really hot liquid, buy the most powerful models, but get ready for the fact that they will consume electricity much faster;
• Also, a lot of electricity is spent at high water consumption, for example, when taking a bath, because in this case the device works long time. In such situations, it is necessary to act more reasonably and save electricity and water, which is not always convenient;

• Flow devices are quite demanding on electrical networks, they should only have a stable voltage. If your house was built a very long time ago and the quality of the wiring leaves much to be desired, then the use of a flow device will be impossible. It also makes no sense to buy equipment if power outages occur regularly. Sometimes for the installation of such a device it is necessary to separately lay power cable or even obtain special permits;
• It is very difficult for such devices to supply water to several points of intake at once. To avoid such a problem, it is better to buy a pressure version of the device, but it will require constant pressure in the system to pump fluid and will cost a little more.

Given all the shortcomings of this type of equipment, we can conclude that instantaneous water heaters are better suited for small apartments with low hot water consumption. For a private house in which several families live, it makes no sense to buy such equipment; it is better to purchase a storage model with an optimal capacity. There is a choice between vertical and horizontal devices. Floor models the interior of the room is better emphasized, but heated water and cold water will constantly mix in them, and this will further increase the rate of electricity consumption.

Varieties of instantaneous water heaters

Flow devices, in turn, are divided into two subspecies:

1. Closed (pressure). This option allows you to simultaneously provide hot water to several points. This means that while taking a shower by one family member, the second can safely wash dishes in the kitchen. True, there are certain conditions, for this it is necessary high rate pressure in the plumbing system. Such equipment can also work with conventional mixers, but experts recommend installing two-valve taps, this will eliminate the mixing of hot and cold liquids, and will save electricity.

1. Open (non-pressure). Water heaters of this type do not need high pressure and connected directly to the water intake point. Open devices are more simple principle action and lower cost.

Classification of water heaters by type of control

An important characteristic of the devices is their type of control, there are also two options for water heaters:

1. With hydraulic type of control. Such control of the water heater will not be as accurate as with the use of electronic equipment, and the performance steps can only be adjusted manually using a switch that is installed on the tank (there are 6 steps in total).

1. With electronic control system. Water heaters of this type are equipped with a thermostat, which will monitor the temperature of the water and its heating. In such a situation, you only have to adjust the desired temperature of the liquid. The modern electronic control system makes the use of electric water heaters more comfortable and easier.

After studying the main characteristics of instantaneous water heaters, you will be able to determine whether you need such equipment or not. Of course, it is difficult to choose a device, you will have to spend money on it, and electricity costs will increase, but the constant availability of hot water in the tap completely covers these shortcomings.

First of all, you need to pay attention to the performance of the heating element installed in the device. The fact is that heating elements, small in size, should heat water to a temperature of 40 degrees in one minute. During this time, approximately 2-3 liters of water passes through the device. For this, the minimum power of the device must be 3 kW. True, it is better not to buy the weakest devices, they do their job poorly, the best option there will be a flowing water heater with a heating element of 7-10 kW.

When choosing heating equipment, you also need to pay attention to the body of the device. It is usually made on the basis of sheet metal. In most cases, the water heater is installed on the wall, and when used, the appliance is exposed to high temperatures and other factors. external environment. For an apartment, it is best to buy a device with protective coating enamel. Such material will not be afraid to work in aggressive conditions, even household chemicals will not damage the surface.

Expensive instrument options are also equipped with all sorts of protective systems the heating element, in particular, is protected against scale. This function is performed by the anode, which, even when working with hard water, will protect the element for 6-7 years. When this period has passed, a special sensor will light up on the control panel, it will indicate the need to replace the anode.

Installation and connection

There are many devices on the market that differ in design, functionality and other features, but all have the following details:

• Device case;
• Heating part (most often - heating element);
• Terminal block;
• Special compressor;
• Equipment switch;
• Fluid temperature control system;
• Protective elements that exclude the formation of scale.

The procedure for installing and connecting equipment takes place in several stages:

1. Installation of a water heater on a load-bearing wall.
2. Connecting the cold water supply system to a special pipe, which is equipped with a tap.
3. Connecting the water heater to the mains.

You need to mount the device in a place so that it is then convenient to use and maintain it. For installation, one rule is distinguished: the water heater must be installed on the wall above the level of the head of an adult. If the device is mounted below the water outflow rate from central system, then the water heater will simply fill with liquid, overheat and fail. Also, the device must be installed perpendicular to the plane floor covering. If the water heater is installed incorrectly, its service life will be very short. To do everything accurately, experts advise applying markings to the wall before installation.

After the instantaneous water heater is mounted on the wall, it must be connected to the water supply system. To do this, a water supply valve is mounted on the pipe. To eliminate smudges that may appear when the water supply system breaks, a pipe supply valve is installed on the device. Also, this element must be installed on the outlet pipe of the product. After the water supply to the heater is ensured, it remains only to connect it to a 220 V household network.

Features of operation of instantaneous water heater

Flow principle devices are convenient in that they can supply water in unlimited quantities. To get warm water, just turn on the tap and wait a minute. True, most of these water heaters work with one intake point, so taking a bath and washing dishes at the same time will not work. It is also worth considering that with a large pressure, the temperature of the liquid will not be the highest.

Installation of flow equipment is a very difficult and responsible task, because the device has a high power, and it is necessary to lay a separate electrical wiring for it. Installation that is carried out without taking into account the recommendations can lead to loss of light in the apartment or even in the whole house. Therefore, it is still better to entrust the installation to specialists, and to familiarize yourself with the nuances of operating the equipment.

In order for the equipment to work for a long time and efficiently, you need to pay attention to such points:

• To avoid large heat losses, it is better to install a water heater close to the main water intake point;
• AT high-rise buildings the water from the central system is very hard, in such a situation it is better to purchase special filters, this will extend the life of the heater and plumbing;
• It is forbidden to install a flowing water heater in rooms where the temperature drops below 0 degrees;
• If the water heater is installed in the bathroom, then this must be done so that water does not get on the surface of the body;

• With a weak indicator of water pressure in the apartment, you should not set the equipment to maximum temperatures, it may not turn on at all.

The procedure for starting the equipment also takes place in several stages:

1. First of all, you need to check the fluid level in the tap. If it is normal, then you can start the instantaneous water heater, if the level is low, you will have to wait a little longer.
2. After that, you need to check the water pressure.
3. If the water has not warmed up enough, then set the required temperature on the control panel.
4. After using warm water, close the tap and turn off the water heater.

Most models are equipped automatic system, and the first set settings are saved, the second time you just need to turn on the tap.

During operation, salt deposits appear inside the device, so experts recommend washing the filters from time to time under running water. If the pollution is too strong, then you will have to use special tools.

Popular Models

Atmor Basic 5

This instantaneous water heater is the most affordable option. Despite the low cost, users do not complain about the quality and efficiency of the device. The heater is equipped with two heating elements of 2 kW and 3 kW, two keys for adjusting the indicators. With a total power of 5 kW, the device passes up to 3 liters of water per minute. There are special models for the kitchen or shower, as well as universal option. Such a device weighs only 2 kilograms, and costs 2500 rubles.

Stiebel Eltron DS 60 E

This model is capable of supplying heated liquid to only one point of water intake, and is equipped with an electronic control system. Most parts that come into direct contact with water are made from high quality copper. On the front panel there is a regulator that helps to set the water temperature. The weight of the model is a little more than 2 kilograms, and the cost is within 6500 rubles.

AEG BS 60 E

This version of the device can serve only one point of water intake, but is also equipped with electronic control. The temperature of the supplied fluid is controlled by a built-in microprocessor. The heating element is protected by a heat-resistant plastic flask. The weight of the device reaches 2.4 kilograms, and such a water heater costs about 8,500 rubles.

Powerful and versatile Stiebel Eltron SHD 100 S

The design of this water heater has its own characteristics, it can supply water to one or several water intake points at once. When you need a little hot water, the water heater works as a storage heater with a power of 3.5 kW. When the water flow is high, the device works as a flow device with a power rating of 21 kW. The water heater weighs about 40 kilograms, and its purchase will cost 100,000 rubles.

Video

Many homeowners are thinking about how to choose a flowing electric water heater. Such models differ in smaller sizes and almost instantaneous heating of water. In contrast, the boiler is a larger installation. With this device, you can avoid the inconvenience of turning off hot water during maintenance work.

What is an electric flow heater?

A flow heater differs from a conventional boiler primarily in the absence of a drive. The water heats up only at the time of use. You can regulate the temperature of water heating by changing the pressure in the right direction. In addition, flow heaters consume less electricity, because they do not spend it on maintaining the temperature. Thanks to its characteristics, instantaneous water heater allows you to save space, energy and time.

The water heater is a small box, inside which is placed a tubular heating element - a heating element. The water heater works in the following way: water enters the device, and then into the compartment where the heating device is placed. Washing it, the water gradually heats up, and then enters the hot taps.

At the same time, the water temperature cannot be higher than the temperature of the heating device, so scalding hot water will not have to be expected.

Expensive devices have a control panel with various sensors and timers. Inexpensive models are equipped with a thermostat that allows you to set the heating temperature. Some devices do not have a control system - they work only in automatic mode.

To install an electric instantaneous water heater, a wire is required that goes separately from the shield. You also need a switch that can operate in automatic mode. The wire must be of a strictly defined section.

The flow storage requires a sufficiently powerful network to operate. Otherwise, you will have to choose a device whose power does not exceed 8 kW.

Types of flow type heaters

Before choosing a flowing electric water heater, you should find out the varieties of this device. This will determine which heater to choose for use.

The flow type electric water heater can be of the following types:

• pressure;
• non-pressure.

Pressure, or system, can be used in different conditions, i.e. from any tap that is in the house. Pressure water heaters cut into the pipes of hot and cold water. Such devices have only an outlet and an inlet for water. The device is controlled by water pressure. System heaters are convenient to use during a planned shutdown of water in the summer.

Non-pressure are characterized by low power (up to 8 kW) and energy consumption. They work from only one water intake point. Such heaters are suitable for shower or use in the country. The maximum heating temperature is 30°C, which makes them useless for use in winter.

All year round, such water heating devices are used only in warm countries, where temperature fluctuations are not so significant.

The cost of such devices is usually low. The set may include shower heads and faucets. If the water intake point is far from the heater, then it is better to install another one close to it - this will significantly save money.

Heater power calculation and selection criteria

Having decided on the type of device, select the optimal power. To do this, you need a table that indicates all the necessary parameters depending on the type of daily needs: flow rate and volume of water, required temperature, etc. Calculation according to such a table can be difficult, therefore it is recommended to use a simpler method: just look at the heater power in the documents and divide this figure by 2. The result will be a flow rate of water heated to 30 degrees.

For clarity, you can use an example. If the power of the flowing heater you like is 16 kW, then the water flow will be 16/2, that is, 8 m / min. That is, for the soul, this value is sufficient. Thus, a lot of hot water can be obtained only if the indicator is more than 8kW.

If hot water is needed not only for the shower, but also at other points, then when choosing a heater, you need to take into account the indicators in the most powerful of them. If you plan to simultaneously use water at these points, then the heater power must be increased by at least 1.5 times.

Heater Selection Criteria

Before buying a flow heater, you need to decide for what purposes it will be used and where it will be installed.

If you need a water heater for seasonal use in the country, then a device with a power of 3.5 kW will suffice. For permanent use, a heater with a power of 5 kW or more is more suitable, capable of heating even cold water in winter.

When choosing a heater, it is important to pay attention to the quality of the material from which the body is made. The device is constantly exposed to high temperatures. The best option is a flow heater with an enamelled body. Such a device will withstand the temperature and exposure to aggressive substances contained in the water.

A copper case is also a good option, because it has a durable case and protection of the heating element from scale. In conditions of work in hard water, such protection will last more than 5 years. A light will signal that it is time to replace the protection. Such devices with a copper case are very expensive.

Tankless Water Heater Manufacturers

Having decided on the parameters, you can proceed to the choice of a specific model. Instantaneous water heaters are produced by the following manufacturers:

1. Electrolux is a well-known Swedish manufacturer that produces several lines of flow heaters. Instrument performance may vary. All models have a high-quality anti-scale heating element. Models of the high price segment are equipped with an intelligent control system.
2. Kospel. hallmark water heaters of the Polish company Kospel is stylish design, thanks to which the devices always harmoniously fit into the interior. The heating element is made of high quality copper. Kospel manufactures mainly flow type pressure heaters. There are two lines of non-pressure heaters. Service cost is quite low.
3. Thermex. The bulb of the heating element in the heaters of this company is made of high quality copper.

When choosing a brand, it is also necessary to take into account the purpose of the device. If a flow heater is purchased for use in the country, you should take a closer look at the models of the Electrolux or ATMOR brands. Appliances with low power (from 3.5 to 5 kW) will perfectly cope with the heating of water for the kitchen or shower in the country. This does not require major wiring repairs. The cost of heaters of such brands ranges from 1.5 to 2 thousand rubles, but in any case they are available even to buyers with a very limited budget.

The most comfortable models for home

For home use, Thermex appliances are suitable. They are not so expensive, within 7 thousand rubles, they are equipped with a temperature controller. For reliable operation of the heater, it would be advisable to upgrade the wiring.

When choosing a heater for active use throughout the year, you should not choose the cheapest option.

All expensive models have only one requirement - operating conditions. Wiring in the house must withstand at least 20kW. The network is needed at 380 V, so before you connect the water heater, you have to make a serious wiring repair. It is not recommended to mount the heater yourself.

When choosing a flow-type water heater, first of all, you need to find out the capabilities of the power grid and clarify whether you need optional equipment to install the device.

When a model is selected, it is worth clarifying whether spare parts are on sale, it is necessary to evaluate the scope of work.

Why is there a water heater in the apartment? Perhaps this question did not torment those who, during the traditional summer shutdowns of hot water, travel to distant countries. But most of the inhabitants of our country, who managed to purchase a heater, managed to appreciate the benefits of a hot shower at any time of the year and day.

To do this, it is not enough to come to the store and compare prices. It is worth knowing that the devices run on gas and electricity, differ in volume, performance, type of installation and position, material, and many other parameters. AT modern apartments rarely used gas water heaters, especially large volumes. Therefore, we will dwell on the popular electrical models by identifying the best options for different conditions. "How is it happening , you can read in our article".

Flow devices are compact and inexpensive. Such a heater will fit perfectly in a cabinet under kitchen sink and does not take up much space on the bathroom wall. Installation takes a minimum of time. With such an "assistant" you do not have to wash dishes and hands in cold water. The jet, passing through the heating element, at the outlet has a temperature of 35-40 degrees, sufficient for a comfortable shower.

But along with all the advantages of these silent units, there is a significant drawback - a large consumption of electricity. Therefore, flow models are more suitable for economical seasonal use during periods of hot water shutdown and for apartments in which, for various reasons, cold water runs from the hot water tap at night.

Note! If the wiring in your apartment has not changed since the days of the Soviet Union, it is better to refrain from purchasing an instantaneous water heater or to completely replace the electrical cables.

Flowing water heaters are produced in two versions - one- and three-phase. Also, the models differ in the principle of operation - pressure and non-pressure.

1. single phase devices are more popular, the power is usually from 4 to 8 kW, less often 12 kW.
2. Three-phase equipment is considered professional, costs several times more and is rarely installed in apartments. Such water heaters differ from single-phase ones not only in power, design, functionality, but also in the possibility of simultaneously serving several water points at once.

Pressure

Pressure water heaters flow type are very simple and do not require special care/maintenance. They almost instantly heat the water jet, starting to work as soon as the tap is opened. Such products are installed directly in the water riser.

Popular manufacturers of quality water heaters:StiebelEltron,Vaillant,Siemens,aeg,Unitherm,Clage, Timberk.

Video - Overview of instantaneous water heaters Timberk Watermaster

Non-pressure

Non-pressure instantaneous water heaters are installed next to the source of water intake, can be equipped with a shower and spout. A big plus of the pressureless is mobility. Such a device can be quickly installed if necessary and removed when the need for hot water disappears. But it is worth knowing that non-pressure water heaters have a very low power. Those. at the outlet of heated water there will be no more than 1-3 liters per second, or the water will not warm up enough. Another drawback lies in the design - over time, the heat transfer of the heating element may decrease.

In order to comfortably take a shower, it is worth purchasing a heater with a power of 8 kW or more, but such devices require high-quality wiring and mandatory grounding.

Instruction for Atmor Basic 5 kW

Video - Features of the choice of instantaneous water heaters

A little about performance

Productivity as the number of heated volumes of water per unit of time is always indicated by manufacturers. However, models with low price category this figure may be underestimated, because incoming water t = 20 ° C is taken into account, while in Russian apartments the flow temperature in pipes rarely rises above 15 degrees. Large companies, on the contrary, underestimate the productivity indicator, taking into account minimum temperature incoming water (only 10°C).

Therefore, it is worth buying high-quality products of well-known brands, bypassing shelves with cheap products, even if the latter has fabulous performance indicators in the description.

Water heaters for an apartment

Flow-accumulating devices are great for use in apartments. Water heaters are connected to a regular shower hose and a standard 220 V socket. Even a housewife can handle the installation. The power of compact water heaters is small (about 2.5 kW), but in just half an hour a sufficient amount of heated water will accumulate in the tank, which is enough to take a shower.

Popular manufacturers:"Etalon" and "Termex".

Price range: 5-7 thousand rubles

Table. Characteristics of ETALON MK 15 Combi

Storage water heaters or boilers are devices that not only heat, but also maintain the temperature of water for a long time. You can use heated water even if the heater is disconnected from the mains. One water heater is enough to serve all the bathrooms. appliances in the apartment.

Boilers are much more convenient to use than flow devices, but they take up more space, and installation is a lot important nuances. Such a device cannot be simply removed from the wall and hidden in a closet when the need for alternative source hot water will disappear.

How to choose tank volume

The volume of the tank acceptable for an apartment is from 50 to 100 liters. This supply of water is enough for a family of two to four adults and small child. If the periods of hot water shutdown are of a short-term nature and it is planned to use hot water only for domestic needs, it is worth installing a more compact 30-liter boiler.

To calculate the approximate daily volume of water consumed, it is best to check the readings of water meters, checking the readings at an interval of 24 hours. The approximate volume of water needed for 1 day for 1 person is 230-300 liters. Since the water in the boiler is heated to 75-85 degrees, after which it is diluted with a cold jet, the output is 2 times more warm water than was heated by the device. Based on this, it will be enough for one user to turn on a 50-liter heater twice a day to provide himself with warm water for the whole day.

Consumer	Cumulative		flowing
	Capacity	Popular Models	Performance	Popular Models
2 adults	30 liters	ELECTROLUX EWH 30 Centurio Digital H (2000 W, horizontal, 10600 rubles). ELECTROLUX EWH 30 Quantum Slim (1500 W, vertical, 5100 rubles). TIMBERK SWH FSM5 30 V (2000 W, vertical, 12000 rubles).	3-4 liters per minute	AEG MP 6 (16,500 rubles, 6 kW).
2 adults + 1 child	30-50 liters	THERMEX FLAT DIAMOND TOUCH ID 50 V (1300 W, vertical, 12500 rubles). TIMBERK SWH FSM5 50 V (2000 W, vertical, 14100 rubles).	4 liters per minute	Stiebel Eltron DHC 8 (18300 rubles, 8 kW).
4 adults	50-80 liters	GORENJE OTG80SLSIMBB6 (2000 W, vertical, 13100 rubles). BAXI SV 580 (vertical, 1200 W, 7300 rubles).	5 liters per minute	Stiebel Eltron DHF 12 C1 (12 kW, 27900).
5-6 adults	100-120 liters	ARISTON ABS PRO R 100 V (1500 W, vertical, 7000 rubles). THERMEX FLAT DIAMOND TOUCH ID 100 V (18400 rubles, vertical, 1300 W).	7 liters per minute	Stiebel Eltron DHF 21 C (21 kW, 25900 rubles).

Mounting method

Boilers are mounted on the wall in a vertical or horizontal position, installed in niches, under kitchen sinks or on the floor. The latter type of installation is typical only for large-sized models with a volume of 150 liters or more. Horizontal boilers are more convenient and compact, but more expensive than vertical ones.

The hidden location of the heater under the sink is very convenient, but most often boilers are hung on the wall in the toilet or bathroom, next to the plumbing. This is due to the design of devices that differ in the type of liner (upper or lower).

Tank

Boiler tanks are made of steel (including stainless steel), less often - copper (very expensive devices), as well as with coatings of bioglass porcelain, glass ceramics, enamel, titanium enamel. A novelty is a coating with silver ions AG + from Ariston, which not only protects the metal from corrosion, but also has a pronounced antibacterial effect.

When purchasing a tank, it is important to pay attention to the quality of its thermal insulation. The best materials are polyurethane and polyurethane foam. The thicker the insulation (optimally 35 mm), the longer water in the tank will remain hot, the less electricity will be spent. The low weight of a volumetric device will indicate a poor quality of thermal insulation. Such models are cheap and suitable for rare short-term use in cases of seasonal or emergency power outages. energy.

The low weight of the device will additionally indicate the unsatisfactory quality (small thickness) of the internal tank. A thin layer of enamel will crack quickly. When choosing, it is worth comparing several models of the same displacement, paying attention to their weight and making sure that better products weigh > 10% more.

TEN and its power

A heating element is a heating element that is made of carbon or alloy steel, copper, etc. Heating elements are dry (mounted in a sealed flask) and wet (contact with water, heating it). The heating element must have a place for attaching the magnesium anode.

In vertical boilers, straight heating elements are more often installed, in horizontal ones - long curved ones. It is better to choose a heating element with the greatest length. Because a short heating element is characterized by a high surface heating temperature and rapid scale formation.

Fastening is carried out either with a ¼ nut or a flange (diameter 42-72 mm, thread M4, 5, 6 or 8).

Conclusion: for installation in an apartment, it is better to choose a water heater with a heating element with a power of 2 kW, a large surface area, made of copper or “dry” (with a bulb of steatite).

Service

Boilers require periodic maintenance:

• cleaning the internal tank and heating elements from scale;
• magnesium anode replacement.

Depending on the quality of the water, maintenance is recommended once every 1-2 years.

1. Estimate your budget and frequency of use of the device. Expensive equipment lasts longer, but there is no need to spend a huge amount on a water heater that will be used 2-3 days a year.
2. Consider where you will install the water heater. Measure the wall with a tape measure and check if it can support the weight of the device. The dimensions of the water heaters are indicated in the instructions. The position and type of wiring are selected based on the free space in the room. Flat horizontal devices are aesthetic and compact, while vertical ones in the form of cylinders are cheaper. The volume of the water heater should be chosen based on the number of users.
3. Pay attention to everything specifications. Specify the power of the heating element, the material of manufacture of the parts, the thickness of the thermal insulation (for boilers), the type of coating, the heating time, etc.
4. The interface should be clear, and the control should be convenient. The best water heaters are equipped with a remote control and have an electronic panel on the body.
5. Purchase equipment of famous brands with a significant warranty period. Don't forget to learn about service center, installation and cost of spare parts.

We remind you that the water heater is purchased at long years. Take your time with the choice, compare prices and water heaters.

Video - Choosing a water heater

In one of the previous publications, we have already considered the pros and cons of electric storage and flow type water heaters.

As you now know, DHW cylinders require quite a lot of space for their installation. After all, the minimum recommended volume of such a heater for a family of three with a small child is at least 80 liters.

Flowing water heaters, unlike their capacitive counterparts, are very small in size and the availability of free space for them is not critical at all.

In this article, let's look at what instantaneous electric water heaters are, what is their power, principle of operation, and analyze the main recommendations for choosing a flow-type heater.

Pros and cons of instantaneous electric water heaters

The undoubted advantages of instantaneous water heaters include:

• compactness;
• placement in close proximity to the tapping point, which reduces the heat loss of hot water;
• Unlike a capacitive heater, in a flow heater, electricity is consumed only directly at the moment of water draw-off. In a storage type heater, electricity is also consumed to maintain the temperature of hot water in the tank;
• the amount of hot water is not limited by the volume of the tank, as with a storage heater;
• more aesthetic appearance;
• the presence of heating control systems depending on the water flow, as well as protection against pressure surges and water boiling when the flow decreases.

As you can see, the advantages are quite significant. So, living in a small apartment, where every square centimeter is worth its weight in gold, it is not so easy to choose a place to install a 100-liter barrel, which is a capacitive heater.

And fixing a small box of flow heater next to the kitchen sink or in the bathroom will not be a problem.

A noticeable disadvantage of instantaneous water heaters can be considered the consumption of a very large electric power, which actually allows you to heat water on the fly. Due to the high electrical load, the instantaneous water heater must be connected with a special cable from electrical panel on the landing. Such a heater cannot simply be plugged into any outlet.

It is this minus that most often deters many buyers who prefer to sacrifice living space in their apartment to install a storage-type heater.

Instantaneous water heater device

A tankless water heater consists of a housing, heating elements, usually consisting of several stages, a temperature controller, a flow sensor and safety automation.

The scheme of instantaneous water heater is shown in the figure below:

The numbers in the figure indicate:
1 - cold water supply; 2 - hot water outlet; 3 – electronic control unit; 4 - heating elements; 5 - remote control remote control(optional).

Water, getting from the water supply to the water heater, first passes through the control unit, which, depending on the water flow, turns on right amount heating elements or turns them off completely in the absence of water in the heater.

Using the control knobs (or the remote control for more advanced models), you can set the desired water temperature at the outlet of the water heater.

Characteristics of instantaneous water heaters

All water heaters of the flow type can be divided into two large groups - pressure, working under pressure, and non-pressure.

Pressure heaters can serve several points of water intake at the same time, the main thing is that the necessary pressure is provided for this.

Non-pressure heaters, as a rule, are installed directly on the tap or have their own watering can in the kit. Such a heater can provide hot water only one water point.

According to the type of heater operation control, all devices are divided into heaters with hydraulic and electronic control.

Hydraulically controlled heaters have a simpler design and the heating element either does not have power control or has the possibility of step switching.

The electronic control controls the heating much more flexibly depending on the amount of water flowing through the heater and the set temperature.

How to choose the performance of an instantaneous water heater?

To choose a flowing water heater, you will need to determine its optimal performance, which is expressed in liters per minute and is determined by the formula:

V = 14.3 W / (t2 - t1),

where V is the volume of heated water, l/min;
W – water heater power, kW;
t2 – water temperature at the outlet of the heater, °С;
t1 is the water temperature at the heater inlet, °C.

The temperature in winter can be as low as 5°C, and in summer it can reach up to 10-15°C.
For taking a shower comfortable temperature is approximately 40°C, for washing dishes - 45°C.

Showering requires a flow rate of approximately 4 l/min. Then in the winter time, to ensure water heating up to 40 degrees, you will need a heater

4 \u003d 14.3 W / (45 - 5)

That is, W will be approximately 11 kW.

Below is a table that allows you to roughly calculate the required parameters of hot water supply for various purposes:

Purpose of expense	Required water temperature, ºС	Required water flow, l/min
hand washing
Kitchen sink

You can also use a simpler calculation of the power of an instantaneous electric water heater. To do this, it is enough to multiply the required flow rate in l / min by 2.

What is the best instantaneous water heater?

When choosing an instantaneous water heater for your apartment, you should proceed not only from the values ​​​​of the provided flow rate and heating temperature, but also pay attention to the ease of use and safety of the device.

Other things being equal, it is better to choose a heater that will have overheating protection, on and heating indication, a water filter, as well as a good package, including the necessary fittings, electrical wire with plug, shower head or regular spout.

Below are summary tables of models of instantaneous water heaters, which are quite suitable for hot water supply for the period of hot water shutdown in the house.

The tables show the dimensions of the heaters, power and price.

Water heatersThermex System

Model	Productivity, l/min	Dimensions, mm	power, kWt	Connection	Price, rub
			6 kW/ 220 V
			8 kW/ 220 V