Conditions and features of reproduction of exotic monstera by cuttings and leaves at home. Monstera: why you can not keep a flower in the house myths and superstitions

From this article you will learn how to grow a vine. A few years ago I planted a monstera, and it still makes me happy today. Liana is actively growing. If possible, place it in a separate room. An exotic culture does not need painstaking care, but do not forget about watering and transplanting! I present to your attention a photo of monsters.

Monstera is valued for being unpretentious in care. Exotic liana grows by 3 - 4 m in 5 years, for this reason - it needs a garter. Monstera leaves are whole with large quantity slots.

In addition to the main roots, there are aerial ones, they go deep into the soil, scooping from it nutrients. Liana growing in vivo yields great results. Australians eat them.

A shrub grown at home is unlikely to bear fruit; it blooms very rarely. My friends ask if monstera can be kept at home. Why not, if you live in a spacious apartment! I have been keeping the vine for the fourth year.

The problem is that it grows, respectively, takes up a lot of space. If you are not ready to share a room with this exotic beauty, give preference to another plant.

Monstera can be placed on a spacious veranda. There is an opinion that it takes energy from a person. But this is just speculation!

In order for the plant to form bright leaves with slits, it is necessary to keep it in diffused light (the sun's rays must pass through the curtain). In winter, you can illuminate an exotic beauty. When kept in the shade, it loses its zest.

A houseplant (or "flower" as it is called in everyday life) feels good at temperatures from + 19 to + 27 degrees. In winter, Monstera has a dormant period, at this time I advise you to keep it at a temperature of + 12 - + 15 degrees. Liana does not tolerate drafts and temperature changes.

Home care

They ask me how to take care of it unique plant. I advise you to spray the shrub in warm weather, but you should not overdo it, otherwise spots will appear under the pot.

If you notice any, stop humidifying the air. Gray spots may appear after rain. I do not recommend spraying the plant in winter, it is better to wipe the leaf plate.

As I have already noted, Monstera responds well to top dressing. From the beginning of spring to the beginning of autumn, I advise you to apply nitrophoska at intervals of 2 times a month.

With the onset of cold weather, stop feeding, resume at the beginning of the growing season.

How the picking is carried out

Caring for a monster involves picking. Liana takes root in the lung fertile soil. You can buy a substrate designed for violets in the store. Young plants should be transplanted once a year, older ones, for example, those who have reached the age of four, - once every 2.5 years.

Regardless of the timing of picking, I advise you to renew the soil every year. Remove a two-centimeter layer of the old and change to a new one.

Remember that the shrub grows very quickly. Before planting a monstera in a pot, drainage should be laid on the bottom. Picking is carried out by the transshipment method. Carrying out the procedure, carefully handle the roots. After planting, fill the pot with soil mixture.

Monstera needs a garter. Next to an adult plant, I advise you to install a support in the form of a tube filled with moss. What is moss for? It will retain moisture near the roots, respectively, will provide them with additional nourishment. Thanks to this natural material, all parts of the plant will develop better.

Reproduction methods

Reproduction at home is carried out generative and vegetatively. Let's consider the first one. Take moistened sphagnum moss, place in plastic bags, over natural material put the seeds, tie the bags and determine in a warm room. Seeds "hatch" at a temperature of + 26 degrees.

After 15 - 17 days you will see seedlings, after a few more days - full-fledged seedlings. You will need to plant them in separate containers. planting material takes root in a mixture of sand, sheet and soddy soil, taken in equal proportions. I advise you to keep it at a temperature of + 26 degrees.

Seedlings should be in bright light. You will need to repot them every year. Vegetative propagation always more reliable than generative.

In some cases, monstera seeds germinate for a very long time. exotic creeper can be propagated by cuttings from early spring to early summer.

To propagate the monstera by cuttings, you need to take branches on which there is one pair of leaves. They should be placed in warm water and kept in diffused light.

Cuttings quickly take root at an air temperature of + 25 degrees. In order to avoid rotting of the root system, it is necessary to change the water every 15 days. 10 days after planting in water, the roots will begin to grow, then the plants are transplanted into pots filled with soil for seeds.

When you see 3-4 pairs of leaves, apply mineral fertilizers (1 g per 900 ml of water). I recommend keeping the seedlings under the film, create greenhouse conditions for it. Monstera is transplanted into a larger pot after 3 years.

Problems when growing a plant

The plant itself is resistant to diseases and pests, but with improper care, it is exposed to scale insects and spider mites. Soap solution is used in pest control. It is gently applied to the leaves. If such a remedy does not help, apply Aktara insecticide. There are other problems when growing a plant.

It happens that the monstera turns yellow. This indicates chlorosis. Iron chelate is used to restore the plant.
If you do not regularly water the monstera, Fusarium or bacterial rot will overtake it. Such diseases are not treatable.
Yellow spots on the leaves are a sign of waterlogging. Let me remind you that in winter the plant has a dormant period, at this time it is necessary to add water very moderately.
If the leaves turn yellow and fall off, the humidity level needs to be adjusted. I advise you to spray the plant with a spray bottle.
The leaves also turn yellow in conditions of temperature changes and if the air temperature in the room is too high.
If the leaves of the creeper dry, then it does not have enough water. Wilting of the lower leaves indicates root rot. It is necessary to carefully remove the plant, cut off the affected roots, and process the sections with crushed coal. After that, you will need to transplant the vine into a more spacious pot.

Caring for a monstera at home will not take much time. Even a novice grower can grow an exotic beauty!

Monstera is a fairly popular indoor plant with aerial roots. It relates to evergreen shrubs and large vines of the aroid family, so it’s worth keeping a growing monstera only in large spacious rooms, because it grows quickly enough. And how to transplant the monster correctly, so as not to accidentally damage the plant, not every amateur gardener knows. It is because of its large size that the monster got its name (monster - a monster). This vine is unpretentious, it needs a bright diffused color, room temperature, high humidity (the monster needs to be sprayed regularly) and fertilizing about a couple of times a month (less often in winter) with organic fertilizers.

In nature (and the homeland of monstera is South America) the plant blooms regularly, this rarely happens in an apartment.

We transplant the monster into pre-prepared pots
Monstera can be transplanted when she is one year old. It is customary to transplant young plants annually, choosing for this spring period when the outdoor and indoor temperatures become higher. Required minimum, at which the monstera does not slow down its growth: +16 degrees.

It is customary to transplant a three-year-old monster every two years. Once the plant reaches the age of five, it can be repotted every four years. Only the earth in pots needs to be topped up annually.

For transplanting, choose spacious pots. Do not plant a young plant immediately in a pot large diameter, increase it gradually. Arrange competent high-quality drainage by lining the bottom of the pot with shards, pebbles, broken tiles, coarse sand. A young monstera requires slightly acidic or neutral soil, consisting of peat, deciduous, humus soil, turf and sand, while an adult will use more acidic soil. Insert a support into the center of the pot - an ordinary stick wrapped in moss fixed with wire can act as this. The support will help the monstera to support in the pot right conditions for the growth of the plant itself, as well as its aerial roots. Roots that cannot yet reach the ground will receive moisture and additional nutrition with the help of moss in order to grow faster.

Carefully remove the monstera from the old pot, put it in the middle of the new pot, fill it with earthen mixture, fixing its roots. Next, you need to quickly fill the earth to the top of the pot, water the plant.

The best earth mixture recipe for a young monstera: one part of leafy earth, one part of sifted sand (better than sea sand), three parts of turf. After transplanting, the monstera can get sick, its leaves will take on a yellowish tint. However, do not worry in vain: in a week the plant will adapt and turn green again. Then it can be watered.

How to transplant a plant with roots
An adult monstera is often observed a large number of aerial roots, which somewhat spoil the attractive appearance of the plant. And how to transplant a monstera with aerial roots?

When transplanting, a couple of such roots must be carefully wrapped with wet twine and secured to the trunk. When the roots begin to sprout small roots, part of the monstera trunk, along with the leaves, can be cut off, planted in a pot, covering the place of the cut with earth. So a new, young plant will grow. On the old one, a fresh “wound” must be sprinkled with fine coal, later side shoots.

Monstera is often disliked due to the belief that this plant is supposedly capable of destroying a family. However, do not refuse to purchase this wonderful and unpretentious plant, which can grow to a five-meter giant.

Monstera- a voluminous plant with large green dissected leaves, from a variety of tropical vines. It grows in the forests of America, Mexico, Brazil. Today, the flower is also perfectly cultivated in the conditions of the room, due to its large size, the liana is often used for gardening, hospitals, halls, large halls.

monstera attractive

Care rules

The plant is unpretentious, you will need a support, the role of which is played by a tube with moss. There are aerial roots on the vine, they should be tied to a support, directed to the ground, not cut off. should not be placed in aisles where drafts, the leaves will turn yellow or become brownish, then fall off.

Temperature. The recommended temperature regime is within +16 - +22 degrees, for some time the monstera can withstand small temperature fluctuations. Flower growth activity depends on temperature, at +10 the plant feels normal, but growth stops. As temperatures rise, the vine grows, and the leaves become large and carved, perforated.
Light. The direct rays of the sun adversely affect the liana, it must be placed in a shaded place or choose a corner with diffused light.
Watering. In spring and summer, monstera requires good soil moisture. It is necessary to take soft, settled water, water upper layer soil is completely dry. With the advent of autumn, moisture should be reduced, in winter it is recommended to water 2 days after the surface of the soil has dried.
Humidity. Monstera loves high humidity air. It is necessary to spray the room and the palm tree itself as often as possible, moisten the leaves, prevent dust from accumulating on them, wipe with a wet cloth. In winter, when it gets cooler, moisture should be reduced.
Priming. An earth mixture is suitable: earth, sand, peat and humus should be taken in equal parts. The soil must be well drained.
top dressing. Feeding is needed in spring and summer. They take fertilizers containing mineral and organic substances, top dressings used for indoor plants. You need to make it 2 times a month, this is enough so that the monstera does not stop its growth and development. Young plants do not need to be fed.

pruning

Monstera pruning should be done correctly, but not too often. In most cases, the pruning procedure is performed in order to form a crown. If the palm stretches strongly in height, you can cut upper part to encourage side shoots to grow. You should also cut off rotten and bad parts, if any.

It must be remembered that the aerial roots that grow on each leaf are not allowed to be cut.

The roots should be dug into the pot where the monstera grows, you can lower it into other pots with soil to improve the nutrition of the whole flower.

Transfer

The procedure for transplanting young individuals is carried out every year, it is enough for adults to transplant once every 3-4 years:

Before proceeding with the transplant, the monstera should be well watered. A very large pot is not needed, it is better to increase the capacity gradually.
A drainage layer is placed at the bottom of the pot, which can be used as coarse sand, crushed stone, pieces of tile. In the middle of the container, a support should be placed - bamboo or a stick wrapped in moss - sphagnum, which is fixed with twine. Moss helps to maintain an optimal level of humidity and the growth of aerial roots.
We prepare the earth mixture: turf, peat, sand in equal parts, humus - 2 parts.
Monstera should be removed from the pot and carefully, waddling, move it to a new container, setting the plant in the middle. It is necessary to sprinkle the roots of the palm tree with the prepared soil, fix the plant in a pot, tamp it down a little and add the remaining soil. After all that has been done, the vine must be watered.
The plant has received stress, after transplantation it will begin to take root, watering is not required for a week.

Reproduction methods

There are several ways to breed monstera:

Diseases and pests

The plant can be attacked by pests:

Kinds

There are about 25 types of monstera in the world, of which only 2 are cultivated at home:

Monstera delicacy or delicious- This is a massive, liana-like plant. The leaves are round, large, reaching up to 1 meter in size, the petioles are long. Plant height can reach up to 20 meters. This species is characterized by a smooth stem with well-defined aerial roots. In adults, leaves are dissected or perforated. The fruits are edible and have a special taste. This is the original plant, requiring more high humidity air and good lighting. Monstera Borziga- one of the types of delicacy monstera, the palm tree is not so massive and powerful in size (the stem and leaves are 2 times smaller), it is appropriate for growing in small rooms.
Monstera oblique- a less common species than a delicacy. The plant has leaves 25 cm long, about 5-6 cm wide, light green in color, strongly dissected.

Home care for the monstera takes a certain amount of time, however, it perfectly greens the room. When caring for a plant, it should be remembered that its habitat is the tropics, so it is very important to provide the palm with suitable living conditions.

Monstera is unpretentious plant, so caring for it will not be particularly difficult even for an inexperienced gardener. AT favorable conditions it can reach a height of 5 meters, because this plant is perfect for large rooms. But also in small modern apartments she will look great. Most importantly, in growing a monstera flowerpot - home care will not be difficult even for too busy people.

The most common type of monstera, which is found in modern houses, is a monstera delicacy. It is a very large vine. Grows fast. At young plant The leaves are small and shaped like hearts. Over time, they can reach sizes of 1 meter. Monstera leaves have a dark green shiny color. After some time, elongated symmetrical holes appear on each of them.

A feature of monstera leaves is that with a significant excess of moisture, they remove excess fluid. From the side it seems that the plant is crying. But such a phenomenon occurs quite rarely.

On the monstera trunk, opposite the leaves, aerial roots can form. In no case should they be cut off, because with the help of such roots the plant receives additional moisture and nutrition.

Few people know that Monstera blooms. Its flowers look like white lily which has not fully developed yet. Unfortunately, getting a flower is very difficult. But if you give Special attention caring for a monstera at home, you can achieve its flowering.

But you are unlikely to see the monstera fruits at home, since their appearance requires special conditions that can only be created in a greenhouse or greenhouse.

How to properly care for a monstera

Caring for a monstera flower at home comes down to the need to create natural conditions her habitat. It is worth noting that the tropics of America are the birthplace of monstera. To keep your plant healthy and happy long years special attention should be paid to lighting, watering, temperature regime and feeding.

monstera lighting

Monstera needs bright light, but it should be protected from direct sunlight on the leaves. It is best to place the monstera from the east or west side rooms. You can put a flower in the southern part of the room, but then it must be shaded so that the light is diffused. If you place the flowerpot on north side, then he will miss the light very much.

In the case when the lighting is ideal, your monstera will have large beautiful leaves with cuts, if there is not enough light, the leaves will become small, the aerial roots will be too weak thin, they will cease to fulfill their direct function. Therefore, it is better to immediately decide on a place for your pet and not rearrange it without special need.

Temperature regime

First of all, you need to understand that the higher the temperature, the faster and more actively your plant will develop. The following modes are optimal:

spring-autumn - 20-25 degrees;
winter - 16-18 degrees (it is allowed to lower the temperature to 10 degrees, but only for a very short time).

During the autumn-winter period, drafts can be very dangerous for monstera, so it’s better not to experiment and prevent them from appearing.

The frequency of watering the monstera flower depends on the season. If in the summer the monstera should be watered often, as soon as the top layer of the earth dries out, then in the fall the watering should be moderated a little, and in the winter it should be watered only a few days after the top layer of the substrate has dried. For watering, monsters use soft settled water.

You should not allow not only overdrying of the earth, but also excessive watering, since with excess moisture, the roots begin to rot, and the leaves become covered with spots.

Humidity

Regular spraying has a very positive effect on the monstera. To do this, use water room temperature, which is preliminarily defended for some time. In addition, it is periodically necessary to wipe the leaves from dust with a damp cloth.

Top dressing and fertilizer monstera

For young plants, top dressing is optional, but adult flowers need to be fed several times a month (1-2) with organic and mineral fertilizers. This should be done in the period from mid-spring to late summer. In addition to top dressing, do not forget to support the monster in time with special sticks or gratings.

Circumcision

If a mature plant begins to slow down its growth, its top can be cut off. This stimulates the development of side branches.

The process of caring for a monstera at home includes a transplant. The age of the monstera depends on how often it needs to be transplanted. Experienced gardeners It is recommended to adhere to the following scheme:

young plants are transplanted every year;
plants aged 3-4 years are transplanted every two years;
monsters over the age of five are transplanted every 3-4 years.

The pot must be taken spacious. Drainage is laid at its bottom. The type of substrate, oddly enough, also depends on the age of the monstera:

for young plants, slightly acidic and neutral soil is suitable. The optimal mixture will be sand, turf, peat and humus soil in the ratio 1:1:1:2;
for adult specimens of monstera, a mixture of sod, peat, humus and hardwood soil is suitable in a ratio of 3: 1: 1: 1: 1.

Monstera breeding

Monstera is propagated in several ways: by seeds, cuttings and top.

Reproduction by seeds is quite complex. First you need to soak the seeds, cover with a cloth on top and place in a warm sunny place. Sprouted seeds are planted in a warm and well-lit room. They begin to hatch in about a month. The first leaves do not have slots, and adult leaves appear only after five to eight months. Caring for a young plant comes down to diving and annual replanting.

Reproduction by cuttings carried out from the beginning of spring to the beginning of summer. For propagation, lateral processes, stems or upper cuttings (stem with several leaves) are used. Places of cuts are treated with charcoal powder.

Each cutting is planted in a pot and covered with glass. Watering the cuttings is necessary twice a day. After they take root, the cuttings are transplanted into new temporary pots, and after a couple of years into large and spacious pots or tubs.

reproduction air layers . This is the easiest type of flower propagation. You need to take a layering that has a leaflet and aerial roots. Carefully cut off the stem and plant in the ground as an independent plant.

Monstera flower looks very beautiful in any interior. It looks especially attractive in a room not cluttered with furniture.

Tropical evergreen Monstera, or Philodendron, belongs to the Aroid family. Monstera's homeland is Equatorial America, in the 19th century the liana was brought to South East Asia, where she successfully settled down. There are fifty species of this plant in the world.

Thanks to large carved leaves, up to half a meter long and unpretentious home growing, monstera holds a leading position in popularity among indoor flowers.

Description

In the wild, monstera can grow up to tens of meters, clinging to a flexible and powerful stem for large trees, rocks. At indoor cultivation, the flower reaches 2 - 4 m in height, and it needs a reliable support.

Long aerial roots grow on the stem, resembling the tentacles of an ancient monster. spooky appearance the plant doomed it to the unsound name - monstera (monster), and associated many myths and legends with the flower.

Shiny dark green leathery leaves sit on long petioles. They are covered with oblong slits. Often, on sheet plate droplets of moisture come out, which makes it seem that the plant is “crying”.

Monstera blooms with inconspicuous grayish flowers collected in an inflorescence - a thick ear surrounded by a creamy veil.

AT indoor floriculture Monstera Attractive (Delicacy) gained great popularity. The plant grows up to 200 cm in height, has large leaves with holes, in the shape of a heart.

On a note. Fruits with seeds of Monstera Delicious are tied and ripen at home extremely rarely. But, if this happens, they can be eaten. They taste like pineapple.

Below is a photo of a flower, various varieties monsters.

Types of monstera for growing in pot culture:

Location

To accommodate indoor flower, choose a spacious and bright room, because the monstera needs good lighting and sufficient ceiling height for upward growth.

The flower does not withstand the direct rays of the sun, tender foliage gets serious burns in the sun. But you should not keep a tropical vine in the shade either. A good place for planting a tub with a flower - not far from the east or west windows, ideally - in a spacious and bright hall, winter garden. Often, a flower is placed in the dining room or in the kitchen, as its positive effect on air purification has been proven.

Comfort temperature environment for creepers, about +18 degrees. An increase in temperature to 24 and above leads to the active growth of monstera, which is undesirable at home.

The soil

Monstera prefers to grow in loose and fertile soil. The composition of the mixture should include: 1 part of coarse sand (vermiculite), peat, humus and 3 parts of good soddy soil.

The flower needs large volumes of soil. Young plants are placed in 8 - 10 liters of soil, after 4 years the flower needs about 30 liters of soil. At the bottom of the tub, a layer of expanded clay is necessarily poured or broken brick as a drain. Availability drain holes in the bottom of the pot is necessary.

Care

Among indoor plants brought from the tropics, monstera is known for its love of moisture. In the spring and summer, it is necessary to water the flower often and plentifully, but without allowing moisture to stagnate in the pan. Water for the plant should be at room temperature, not hard. At home tap water settle or filter. A good effect is given by watering with rain or melt water. In the cold season, monstera is watered less often, once a week is enough.

The wide leaves of the plant must be regularly wiped from dust with a damp sponge or cloth. It is useful to spray the whole plant warm water. When does it work central heating and the air in the apartment becomes too dry, wide vessels filled with water are placed near the plant. A small decorative fountain looks aesthetically pleasing.

A large plant needs a strong support. A decorative but strong lattice or trellis is attached to the pot or wall near the flower tub.

An adult monster, in the spring-summer season, is fed twice a month. organic fertilizers(a solution of chicken manure or mullein in a low concentration) alternate with mineral complexes.

When the plant reaches the height required by the grower, the top of the flower can be cut off. This operation will give impetus to the development of lateral branches, the monstera will become more magnificent.

Important! Monstera aerial roots cannot be cut! They are either lowered into flower pot in order for the plant to receive additional nutrition, or lowered into jars of water suspended on branches. Sometimes the roots are immersed in small plastic tubes filled with a mixture of peat and soddy soil. The tubes are stuck into the pot.

Young plants, up to 4 years of age, are transplanted into new large containers annually. Adult specimens only change the top layer of soil to fresh soil.

At ideal conditions starting at the age of two, monstera can bloom. Its inflorescences are similar to calla flowers, only much larger. After flowering, many small fruits filled with seeds ripen on the cob.

Pests, diseases

Despite the unpretentiousness of the plant, the grower needs to know what problems he may face when growing a monstera. The flower can be affected by pests such as, mealybug. As a rule, the spread of pests is promoted by too dry indoor air.

Pests are fought with a cool shower, wiping leaves and branches with a sponge dipped in soapy water, tincture of garlic or tobacco. With a strong reproduction of the pest, use Actellik (2 ml per liter), Fitoverm, Decis, Inta-Vir.

Important! Spraying the plant chemicals, it is necessary to take care of protection by working in a respirator and gloves. It is better to cover the flower with a piece of film so that the poison does not enter the air of the room.

Often the grower notices that the monstera leaves turn yellow and dry out. There may be several reasons for this:

excess moisture in the soil low temperature air (too frequent watering during winter time);
lack of moisture and too dry air;
leaflet received sunburn(as a rule, these are local yellowed and drying spots).

Correct the situation by eliminating the causes of the disease. At the same time, the drying and falling off of the old lower foliage is a natural process if the foliage does not dry en masse.

reproduction

The plant can be propagated by seeds and vegetatively. Monstera seeds are sown in loose and fertile soil(sand, peat, humus), only slightly sprinkled with soil. Pots with crops are left at +25 degrees in a bright room. Shoots will appear in a month.

Seedlings are taken care of in a standard way: watered, loosened the soil, protected from drafts, transplanted.

On a note. The first leaves of the monstera are not dissected. The real perforated leaves characteristic of the plant will appear only by the 5th month of the flower's life.

In the spring (until June), monstera can be propagated:

side branches with leaves;
the top of the stem, left over from pruning the flower;
cuttings (part of a stem with a pair of leaves).

Slices of monstera branches are sprinkled with chopped charcoal, and slightly dry in the air. The cuttings are planted in separate pots with light soil (peat and humus + sand), covered with plastic bottles, glass jars or a simple transparent package.

Plants are aired and watered daily. Contain them in diffused lighting and a temperature of +22 +24 degrees. When the seedlings take root, the monstera is transplanted into another dish with more greasy soil (the proportion of humus increases).

Partners

Creepy monstera appearance long time deterred flower lovers from placing the plant in living quarters. Monstera settled in greenhouses, winter gardens, hospitals and offices. There are enough superstitions about the supposedly heavy energy of the plant. Monstera is called a flower - energy vampire. Cacti, ivy, ficuses also got into the same company with her. It was believed that these flowers, being in the bedroom or other rooms, provoke quarrels in the family.

Fortunately, in modern world, superstition remains everything less space. Monstera is confidently becoming one of the most indoor plants. A large, bright green plant purifies the air or microorganisms in the room, the sight of large spreading foliage is soothing.

Monstera pots are placed on the floor or low stands, always providing support for the winding stem. The flower looks impressive against the background of a light wall, in a room with a minimalist design.

Monstera can be included in the composition from tropical plants with different foliage textures: large ficuses, the main thing is to correlate the sizes of partners, the giant monstera visually “crushes” delicate orchids or small-leaved ivy.