Equipment for the production of coal. Calculation of financial results

Charcoal– a unique product, with its highest efficiency, it is absolutely safe view fuel in terms of environmental impact.

It is widely used not only for industrial purposes, but also in household activities.

In addition to heating houses, it is successfully used as energy source for cooking.

When using it no carcinogens are released, poisoning food, which cannot be said about ordinary firewood and coal.

Construction companies also do not ignore its use as an excellent thermal insulation material. AT agriculture it is used as a biologically valuable feed component for poultry and livestock, as well as in the form of fertilizers for the soil.

Charcoal is of three types:

• red, produced using the soft firing method, mainly from conifers;
• white, made by firing hardwoods (oak, birch, hornbeam, etc.);
• black, obtained by roasting soft rocks(poplar, aspen, alder, etc.).

By quality, it is divided into three grades (according to GOST):

Production technology

The basis of production pyrolysis process.

Pyrolysis is the burning of wood in the absence of oxygen.

Pyrolysis requires retort charcoal kilns. They may be:

• stationary;
• mobile.

Retort Furnaces- these are chambers where the firing and drying of the raw materials is carried out.

The main principle of operation of the stove is that the gases and vapors that are released during the combustion of wood flow directly into the furnace.

There they are burned, thereby not harming the environment and providing the combustion process with additional heat.

Coal production is proceeding in the following order:

1. The wood is placed in the chamber of the retort furnace.
2. As soon as the signal from the sensors about the burning and drying of charcoal is received, it is unloaded and left to cool.
3. After that, the product is crushed into pieces and packaged in bags and bags (paper or plastic). Coal for domestic purposes is crushed more finely, for industrial purposes, crushing is coarser.

Raw material

As for raw materials, absolutely any are suitable for coal production:

• knotted pieces of wood;
• sawdust;
• fragments of a wooden canvas;
• branches;
• furniture production waste;
• paper industry, etc.

Suppliers may be:

• woodworking industries;
• furniture factories;
• sawmills;
• organizations that cut down trees.

Can install business contacts with employees of nearby forestry enterprises producing timber harvesting.

Peat can also be used in this production.

Even your neighbors in the dacha can become your suppliers, because many of them cut trees every year.

The consumption of raw materials for one ton of charcoal approximately looks like this: about 8 m3 - birch wood, about 12 m3 - soft varieties.

Equipment

The production of charcoal requires the purchase of the following equipment:

• charcoal kiln. Price from 100 thousand rubles;
• scales. Cost - approximately 5 thousand rubles;
• electricity generator. The costs are approximately 20 thousand rubles;
• chainsaw. Cost - from 5 thousand rubles;
• hydraulic device used for chopping wood. Average prices in the region of 55 thousand rubles.

Personnel

As for the workers, they need no more than 2-3 people, no professionalism is required from them. Workers are needed to:

• load the production line;
• unload raw materials;
• ship finished products.

In addition to workers, you will need to hire:

• watchman;
• sales and purchasing manager (if you do not plan to engage in sales yourself);
• perhaps an accountant.

Permits

Any commercial activity requires the creation of an LLC or IP.

In the case of the production of charcoal, it is better to give preference to the form of IP, since in this case tax rates are much more beneficial.

In addition, you do not have to spend time on processing complex documents.

Unlike many other types of commercial activities, no special permits and licenses not required.

Registration ends with the usual entry of data into a common state database.

Total costs and payback

Speaking of total costs for a business, in addition to the cost of equipment, the following should be taken into account:

• rent (if you do not have your own premises, you will have to pay about 200 thousand rubles a year);
• salary to employees (about 200 thousand rubles annually);
• advertising, marketing, transport (about 50 thousand rubles).

Thus, the cost of starting a business will be about 635 thousand rubles. (or less if you use your own site).

With the cost of charcoal from 18 to 25 rubles. for 1 kg, monthly income from sales of the product will be from 80 to 100 thousand rubles. This will allow you to recoup your investment for a period of six months, and if you do not need to pay for the rental of premises, then even less. Cafes and restaurants alone burn every month, on average, about 4-5 tons of charcoal.

With proper commercial sales, the circle of buyers will grow, which, accordingly, will entail increase in turnover and profit.

The premises for the workshop may be located outside the city. An excellent solution to the problem of the premises can be the use of summer cottages. The main thing is that raw material suppliers are as close as possible.

Sales of charcoal

With regard to the marketing of charcoal in the domestic market, this type of commerce can become profitable and highly profitable.

The main consumers of charcoal are public catering facilities (restaurants, cafes), which use about 5 million tons of this product in one season.

Other enterprises and objects of vital activity should be added to this, such as:

• kindergartens;
• schools;
• higher educational establishments and etc.

Private consumers also purchase coal when traveling to:

• fishing;
• dacha;
• hunting.

Production shops that make varnishes and paints are constantly in need of coal.

With an abundance of marketing opportunities, this business does not require costly and high-tech forms of production.

findings

Speaking about a business based on the production of charcoal from wood waste, a number of points should be noted that favor the choice of this particular type of commercial activity. Throughout the world in recent decades, there have been trends in the preservation and maintenance of the ecological balance of nature.

This is about:

• preservation of green areas and untouched human activity ecosystems;
• keeping clean environment by creating industries that do not produce harmful emissions.

The vigorous activity of environmental organizations has led to the fact that the governments of many Western countries, setting an example for the whole world, have significant state subsidies business based on the processing of wood (and other) waste.

Russia does not remain aloof from new trends in the field of resource and environmental conservation. Developed by the Russian state small and medium business support programs in this area should be regarded as a favorable factor for opening an enterprise for the processing of wood waste.

You may also be interested in: an article about, a small one about the prospects for recycling in Russia or a material about turning plastic bottles into recyclables

Note that modern technologies do not stand still. If just a few years ago it took about 5 tons of wood to create 1 ton of charcoal, now, using new technical means, waste wood raw material is required by 1.5 tons less.

The most important positive points in assessing the prospects this business perform for free or almost free raw material, low cost of equipment, no need to search for highly qualified personnel, wide opportunities for marketing products.

The process of charcoal production is clearly presented in the video:

In contact with

One of promising directions business today is the production of charcoal, which is actively purchased as private individuals to provide themselves with fuel, for cooking barbecue during country rest, and various enterprises practicing cooking in their outdoor areas. Charcoal itself is a type of natural biofuel that can be used in a variety of ways. This is a great option for those who are looking for a new field of activity in free niches. Other promising projects can be found in the list best startups 2017.

This led to the emergence of factories for the production of the corresponding product, but it will be quite difficult for a private trader to compete with them for large customers. It should be noted that for the most part such products can be purchased at various points of retail chains. Charcoal has certain advantages over other types of fuel resources, which can be actively used as part of an advertising campaign. Among the main positive aspects of charcoal, the absence of sulfur and phosphorus can be distinguished. High calorific value along with the possibility of complete combustion attracts people prone to "green" psychology. Most importantly, this resource is renewable, allowing charcoal to be produced again.

Those who have previously faced the urgent need to purchase charcoal know how high the cost of this type of fuel is. At the same time, the cost of the raw material itself is quite small, and the equipment for the production of the final product is very unpretentious. Various hardwoods are most suitable for creating charcoal. Among them, birch, oak, beech, and so on can be distinguished, however, soft varieties (poplar, alder, aspen) can also be used, only quality final product will be slightly lower. In particular, hardwood fuels are classified as "A" grade charcoal, while softwoods produce "B" grade fuels.

Making charcoal at home

Making charcoal at home will require some preparation. Firstly, this fuel product cannot be released indoors, since there is a high risk of fire, and there is also smoke, which is dangerous for humans, because it can lead to poisoning carbon monoxide accumulated in places with poor ventilation.

by the most in a simple way to make your own charcoal at home is to use a wood burning stove. It is enough to choose burnt red coals and place them in a container with high rates tightness. In the simplest cases, a simple ceramic barrel with a well-fitting lid will suffice. When using metal containers, the chance of getting burned is higher, also increases fire hazard. After cooling, you will get ready-made charcoal.

To increase the amount of coal, you can add firewood to the stove, and after it flares up well, close the blower and doors, push everything in and wait 15 minutes until everything burns out. It should be noted that this is a rather unreliable method, and it is undesirable to use it. Instead of dangerous experiments, it may be worth taking time for such a promising direction today as. The agribusiness segment is actively supported by government programs, especially in the regions. This area of ​​activity includes not only the cultivation of livestock, but also the accompanying production. Often in countryside you can make good money by having, since this product is in stable demand.

Making charcoal in a pit

The first way to make charcoal at home is to use a pit. This method is the oldest and was known in ancient times. It's pretty primitive. On the one hand, this allows you to get charcoal without much financial investment, and on the other hand, the quality of the final product will probably leave much to be desired. In particular, sealing remains low due to the presence of pores in the ground, which lead to almost complete burnout of the wood instead of its "languishing".

Advice: to avoid moisture from the soil and increase the quality of the finished charcoal, it is worth covering the bottom of the pit and the lower part of the walls with a mixture of sand and clay. Pre-firing will create a sufficiently dense surface, which eliminates some of the problems and helps to form a "clay pot". The creation of charcoal in this case will take place with a high percentage of output.

The hole itself can have different dimensions. For example, you can make it small if you are just trying out the charcoal production technology at home. The recess should be cylindrical and deep enough, but moisture should be avoided. With a depth of 0.5 m and a width of about 0.8 m, approximately two bags of wood can be loaded, which will subsequently become coal.

The bottom of the pit must at least be tamped so that at the end the soil does not mix with coal. We build a fire directly in the pit using fast-burning materials (brushwood, small dry wood, birch bark, etc.). The exceptions are various chemical materials for ignition. If you use them, you can leave the corresponding invisible traces. In such cases, customers after using your charcoal will probably not want to do anything with you. Gradually, firewood needs to be added to the fire, maintaining active process burning. After that, you need to lay the prepared parts of the wood, which will be used to produce coal.

Advice: Use blanks to make charcoal without bark. The latter gives a large number of smoke, which will lead to a drop in product quality. To increase the usability of the fuel obtained as a result of the procedure, it is worth initially cutting the wood into small pieces. You can choose the sizes according to your taste, but it is advisable not to make them larger than 30 cm. This tip can be used to give your products some personality. Size standardization will create some brand awareness, which is good for sales in the long run.

After the first portion of firewood burns out, new ones must be laid on top. All of them need to be periodically moved with a long pole to increase the fit. After the pit is filled, we stop laying firewood and wait for the preliminary burning. In some cases, this may take about 1-2 hours. The next step is sealing. To do this, we cover the pit with green grass and leaves, and also fill it with a large layer of earth.

In a more "advanced" version, you can put a thick sheet of metal on top or a partition made of other dense non-combustible material, which will limit the access of oxygen. Under such conditions, it will take about two days for the charcoal to cool completely. final stage will be screening and sorting the resulting product. After completion of all these procedures, it will be possible to carry out packaging in separate portions and send it to the warehouse or directly to the customer, if the work was carried out on pre-order.

Making charcoal in a barrel

A better result in terms of the amount of finished product and a decrease in the percentage of incompletely burnt parts of the loaded material gives another way to obtain charcoal. We are talking about the manufacture of the product in a special barrel. It should be made of concrete or metal and have sufficient wall thickness. The size itself should be selected depending on the amount of charcoal that needs to be done in one go.

With a sufficiently high turnover, it may be necessary to prepare several barrels. Loading at intervals will create a virtually continuous release of the product. If the process is well organized, employees can be hired, which will free up time for expanding the business through negotiations to replenish the list of regular customers.

There are two main ways to make charcoal in a barrel. The first involves making a fire directly inside the tank, and the process itself in this case is almost identical to that which takes place in the pit. When the amount of wood loaded into the barrel is large enough, it is worth checking that the fire is intense enough and does not disappear immediately after a large amount of material appears at the top.

Advice: Place a few refractory bricks in a vertical position on the bottom of the container. Already between them it is worth laying small branches that will be used to make a fire. Above them, you need to place a special grate on which logs for making charcoal at home will be laid.

After filling the barrel, you need to wait until the first flames appear on the surface, and only after that you can cover it with a metal sheet, leaving only a small gap. In order to somewhat speed up the process itself, at the bottom of the tank you need to make a hole into which air is supplied with a vacuum cleaner, however, you can do without active pressurization.

In the process of burning firewood, it is worth noting the change in the color of the smoke. After it changes color to a bluish tint, the barrel must be sealed as tightly as possible. In this position, it will remain until cool. Then the cover is removed and the sorting and packaging of finished charcoal begins.

The second option for using the barrel is the initial dense laying of raw materials. After that, it is necessary to ensure an almost hermetic closure, leaving only small holes for the gases to escape from the container. The barrel itself is placed on a platform, under which a fire is made. Refractory bricks can be used as a pallet. Such heating of the barrel will cause a reaction of firewood inside it, which will become visible by the appearance of smoke from the holes left.

After the process of the release of gases from the barrel is completed, it is necessary to leave the container directly on the fire for some time. Then it is removed, and all holes in the lid are sealed for tightness. After that, it remains only to wait for the barrel to cool completely. As a result, finished charcoal will remain.

The above methods are distinguished by an extremely low level of equipment costs. The main problem with their use is that the process itself is quite difficult to track. It is necessary to navigate approximately, and as reference points to use indirect signs, which can be strongly influenced by various factors, which leads to a non-uniform quality of charcoal.

After sorting, the entrepreneur receives several individual fractions of the product. If a part can be packaged and sent for sale, then a separate quantity will need to be reloaded for additional processing. In many ways, the result will depend on the experience of the manufacturer. After a series of experiments, it will be possible to find some balanced option, but at first it is better to prepare for various problems. This can be not only underburning, but also complete burnout of part of the raw material.

Charcoal manufacturing technology

Those who consider the production of charcoal as a source profitable business, it will be quite difficult to do just a pit or a barrel. There are two main problems with them: high demands on control and low productivity. It is advisable to purchase special equipment. The line for the production of charcoal at home will include:

• The furnace in which the burning of coal from wood will be carried out;
• Scales and packaging equipment;
• Electricity generator (you can connect to a stable source, but no network is immune from problems, so the generator is more reliable);
• Equipment for chopping large beams (chainsaws, wood splitting mechanisms and other options).

All this will require certain financial costs. All equipment can be placed on open space, which will save on special workshop premises. At the same time, at the initial stage, it is enough to purchase only an oven, and sawing and packing should be done manually. When working with a high turnover of charcoal, you will need to expand for faster work.

The technology itself can be divided into just 3 stages:

1. Drying. Initially, the wood is placed directly into the charcoal burning unit, where it is treated with flue gases with a temperature of about 150°C. The total duration of this stage largely depends on the moisture content of the feedstock. At the end of drying, it should not exceed 4-5%.
2. Pyrolysis. In fact, we are talking about an endothermic reaction. First, the temperature gradually rises to 300°C, which leads to the complete removal of residual moisture after drying. The wood is then charred. At the peak temperature, exothermic pyrolysis starts, which is characterized by an increase in temperature due to the smoldering of the raw material. In this case, the temperature can rise to 400°C, and the raw material becomes directly charcoal, in which the carbon content is about 65-75%.
3. Cooling. First, the coal is cooled to a temperature below the self-ignition threshold in free contact with oxygen. In some cases, unloading starts at 85°C or less. Ideally, you should wait until the temperature drops to 40°C.

Equipment for the production of charcoal - price

The cost of equipment fluctuates in a fairly wide range. It is worth noting that in total the entire production line can be assembled at an expense of 350-750 thousand rubles. In many ways, the final cost depends on performance. Some include the cost of setting up several parallel production lines, which significantly raises the entry bar.

To reduce capital requirements, you can buy not a new furnace, but take advantage of the offer on the used goods market. You can also find it there.

In particular, the oven can be purchased for 150 thousand rubles, but there are also options with high performance, for which you will have to pay more than 2 million rubles. Primitive options will cost only 15-20 thousand rubles. This is true for the other nodes of the line as well. Filling equipment and cleavers are based on the performance of the oven. The most advanced models carry out stratification of the product down to coal dust, which is in demand in certain areas of production.

Where to buy a charcoal stove?

Today, a fairly large number of companies in various regions of Russia are engaged in the production of equipment for the production of charcoal at home. First of all, you need to decide on the budget, and then start looking for manufacturers in your own or neighboring region in order to save on logistics costs as much as possible. Whether you want to invest in a single oven or a complete line of equipment, find your nearest supplier first. They should know:

• Cost of equipment;
• Cost of delivery;
• Availability of spare parts for equipment;
• Possibility of obtaining a discount.

A separate point is the purchase of raw materials. Wood will have to be taken from other enterprises. Buying large lots is cheaper, but for these purposes you will need warehouse space. Before deciding how much to buy, you need to calculate economic feasibility. At first, it is better to limit yourself to small batches, and after an active entry into the business, return to this moment.

Charcoal price per ton

Today, the cost of 1 ton of charcoal fluctuates between 10-20 thousand rubles when buying home-made goods. If we talk about the use of more expensive equipment that produces a result of higher quality, then the price will rise to 30-40 thousand rubles for wholesale.

The highest cost for charcoal remains with industrial enterprises who are ready to carry out additional processing of the product. For example, the price of activated charcoal can reach up to 100 thousand rubles per 1 ton, but it is almost impossible to get it at home.

Most simple methods making charcoal at home does not require big investments However, for an entrepreneur who intends to make a high profit, it will be necessary to invest in equipment in order to ensure the competitive quality of the final product. You can place the equipment on the street, for which it is enough small area land, however, in some cases, a warehouse for raw materials and finished packaged products will be required.

The advantage is undemanding to the type of wood for coal production. Some create charcoal from sawdust pellets, some entrepreneurs form them on their own, which is in many ways similar to. The main difficulty lies in the packaging of the product to meet quality standards, however modern equipment handles it quite well. This direction of activity itself is very promising, but not suitable for everyone. There are other options as well.

Charcoal production - video

Charcoal is a completely organic material used as a fuel. Its high environmental properties are known for the fact that when smoldering, it does not emit toxic and toxic fumes, since it consists entirely of carbon.

In industry, it is widely used by metallurgical complexes and chemical plants; in agriculture, it is used as a mineral additive. This high demand for carbon fuels, combined with its unique qualities, has contributed to the development of technological processes for its manufacture.

Charcoal is produced by a soft charcoal system, which is characterized by a low temperature regime. There are three main types of charcoal:

1. Black, obtained from the processing of softwood.
2. White, made from hardwood.
3. Red, produced from coniferous trees.

When receiving coal, any wood waste(waste paper, furniture industry, stumps, branches). Moreover, white coal is valued in Japan, and red - for private use.

This universal product has found adequate application in almost all spheres of human life. Being alternative view fuel, it is still actively used in household. The industrial dimensions of its application are huge and multifaceted, they affect the following areas of its active use:

• metal smelting;
• water purification;
• as a trap for harmful and toxic gases;
• in medicine in case of poisoning;
• feeding for animals and birds;
• in systems Catering;
• as a fertilizer.

Depending on the quality, it is divided into three grades, assigning letter designations A, B, C.
The technological process of obtaining this product is simple, but requires additional knowledge and skills. Therefore, this type of activity is often used as profitable business. But, it should be borne in mind that with a clear understanding of the role of correct observance of all stages of the process, the percentage of output of a quality product increases.

Charcoal production technology includes 4 main stages as standard: drying, pyrolysis, calcination, cooling. More recently, its production brought serious harm to the environment. But modern technologies have solved this problem by introducing new unique equipment.

Equipment for the production of

The basis of the production process for the production of charcoal is the following mechanisms:

1. Hydraulic wood splitter.
2. Chainsaws.
3. Scales.
4. Charcoal oven.
5. Electricity generator.

For the construction of the furnace, an open and level area should be equipped, the furnace itself should be of high quality, ensuring the impossibility of oxygen penetration. Otherwise, part of the raw material will not be processed, but burned.

Video: charcoal oven.

A good furnace is designed in such a way that the gases that appear during oxidation are fed into the furnace, burned out there and sent to maintain the required temperature. Such energy savings are environmentally friendly and economical.

There is also equipment in which it is possible to use only one container. In this case, the continuity process technological production charcoal is broken and downtime appears. This situation is solved by the presence of removable containers in which you can separately dry, oxidize firewood and leave it to burn out.

The modern technologies used to make charcoal are waste-free, environmentally friendly and ergonomic. The equipment does not need additional and specific care. In production, as a rule, 3 people are responsible for the continuity of the process and the automatic adjustment of machines.

Equipment differs in its variability, but they can be grouped into 3 main types:

1. Mobile units;
2. Stationary mechanisms;
3. Auxiliary equipment.

The first and second groups of equipment differ in the presence and absence of the possibility for its transfer. Moreover, some of the types of equipment have a single function for drying and pyrolysis.

Charcoal kilns have a weight of 6 to 80 tons. When choosing mobile equipment, you should take small models that will allow you to change their location. The choice in their favor is due to the lack of the ability to systematically supply consumable to a specific place. Mobile installations consist of modules, are quickly assembled and dismantled. They can be located without creating additional sheds and protective rooms.

Stationary installations, on the contrary, require the allocation of a separate adapted room, which can be used simultaneously as a storage finished products.

Installation of equipment must be carried out by specialists and comply with the provisions of GOST. All installations must meet the requirements of safety and environmental friendliness, since waste and carbon residues are burned in the furnaces.

Auxiliary equipment is desirable for acquisition, since it significantly reduces costs, primarily of a temporary nature. Such mechanisms include a weighing and packing batcher, a separator.

Use of the oven

The central mechanism of the whole process is the oven. A modern charcoal kiln, or, as it is also called, a retort kiln, differs significantly from its predecessor from the beginning of the 20th century. Its transformation took place against the background of the growth of scientific and technical knowledge, as a result of which the equipment used now is excellent as external characteristics, and the quality of the output.

Various modifications of furnaces are used, differing from each other in the way the heat carrier is supplied to the raw material. Since it is located in an isolated chamber, the contact with the flue gas is leveled. The process of material supply is carried out through the hopper and activation compartment. For the supply of raw materials, a trolley is used as an auxiliary mechanism.

Loading depends on the type of equipment selected and may involve manual or automatic feed. In automatic mode, it is produced by means of a mechanical type conveyor. After full loading, the trolley is driven into the chamber for drying-pyrolysis.

Chambers equipped with separate furnaces can accommodate three trolleys at the same time.
After laying, the raw materials are dried, the gases emitted in the process are transported to a separate chamber, burned there.

In order to improve production efficiency, the heat remaining from the pyrolysis compartment is sent to the drying chamber. Further, the chambers change roles and drying performs the functions of pyrolysis. All condensate is discharged through specially equipped nozzles. Thus, the dual operation of these chambers saves time and energy resources. After finishing this technological stage, trolleys leave the chambers with finished products.

The separator helps to sort finished product in the size of the pieces. With the help of a weight dispenser, you can quickly pack large coal into bags. If the production provides for the use of a packing dispenser, then fine coal is used for packing and it is carried out in an open package.

The finished material can also be briquetted, for which auxiliary equipment is used.

The production of charcoal briquettes also consists of the sequence of following the steps - grinding coal, creating a briquette mass, pressing briquettes, drying and calcining.

Man uses different kinds energy daily. And, characteristically, every year the need for it increases more and more. Therefore, the need for fuel, which generates this energy, also increases.

Charcoal is a biological type of fuel, environmentally friendly and absolutely safe for the atmosphere. This explains its popularity among consumers and the expediency of organizing an enterprise for its manufacture.

• This type of fuel is indispensable in industrial production as a reducing agent in the smelting of especially rare valuable metals.
• With the direct participation of charcoal, the processes of regeneration of water and air in a closed space are carried out.
• Known to everyone, activated carbon is a product of wood processing, it saves from poisoning.
• It is indispensable for cleaning gas emissions from enterprises and industrial effluents.
• The material is widely used in agriculture - for feeding cattle, pigs, poultry, as a top dressing for growing crops.
• In everyday life, charcoal is used in fireplaces and barbecues.

As you can see, the use of coal is extremely diverse, which explains the rapidly growing demand for it.

Selection of premises and equipment

Ideally, knowledge should be located close to sources of raw materials, this will significantly reduce transport costs.

In order to start buying equipment, you should have at least a general idea of ​​the charcoal production process. In special ovens, the raw material is subjected to oxygen-free burning and then dried. Further, the matter is small - to pack the coals and pack (manually or using specialized equipment).

The production capacity of an oven suitable for a small business is up to 400 kg per day. As practice shows, manual packaging is extremely time-consuming and inefficient. Therefore, the list necessary equipment in addition to the incineration furnace (worth 800-850 thousand rubles), packaging equipment is being added.

It is not advisable to purchase a furnace with high productivity right away. At the stage of business development, it will be difficult to find buyers willing to purchase charcoal in large quantities.

Necessary raw materials, its main varieties

The main raw material for the manufacture of the described products is wood waste. The specific type of raw material should be selected depending on the region where the business is located. As a rule, workshop owners enter into agreements with forestry enterprises for the supply of timber. It will not be superfluous to establish contacts with furniture factory or a sawmill, if there are any nearby.

The quality and characteristics of the resulting finished product depend on the type of raw material used in production.

There are three types of charcoal:

• Red– at the heart of its production are breeds only coniferous trees. The finished product is obtained by soft charcoal at a minimum temperature.
• White- a product of processing hardwoods (deciduous: elm, poplar, stone tree, hazel, maple, etc.).
• Black- it is easy to guess that this type of coal is obtained by languishing softwoods (deciduous: chestnut, willow, aspen, alder, etc.).

The varieties of trees described above are divided into groups based on the density of wood. So, for example, the output of coal from linden or aspen will be much less than from acacia or birch.

Technology and production stages

To date, there are several technologies for the manufacture of wood fuel. The choice of a particular one is determined by the raw materials used and the desired quality of the finished product.

At the heart of any of the technological processes is the use of retort charcoal kiln. This stage is aimed at burning wood without oxygen. This process is called pyrolysis. As part of this stage, it is planned to lay wood in retorts, as well as send them to drying chamber pyrolysis. Upon reaching a certain temperature in the combustion chamber, the combustion of wood without oxygen begins. Gases released during the process heat treatment, go to maintain combustion inside the chamber.

Upon completion of the pyrolysis, the retorts with charcoal are transferred to metal grates, where they are finally cooled down.

The equipment, the use of which is necessary to ensure coal production, does not contain heaters and fans. This minimizes energy costs.

The state-of-the-art method of making charcoal is aimed at processing wood briquettes (rather than solid wood, as standard technology suggests). The resulting finished product differs more high quality, and its production can be called waste-free.

You can learn about how this product is made from the following video:

Sales channels

In our country, the consumption of such coal is at a low level. So the best option sales will be the search for foreign partners. In European countries, such products are very popular and in incredible demand. If you do not have "exits" to a foreign market, buyers can be found in your own country:

• One option is to organize wholesale.
• Do not forget about the smelters and blacksmith shops.
• You can safely add gas stations, grill bars, restaurants and barbecue houses, as well as specialized shops for summer holidays to the list of prospective partners. Demand will be seasonal. In summer it will be twice as high as in winter.

An important condition for business development is the creation of a memorable company logo, which must be applied to each bag. So, having used your product once, the buyer is more likely to give preference to it again.

You should also conduct an active marketing policy, advertise on billboards and on the Internet, where buyers will find you themselves.

Financial plan and profitability of production

For our country, this business is relatively new, but, no doubt, promising. Global environmental awareness is driving the switch to charcoal. Starting a business does not require significant costs. The production technology is quite simple, does not require the construction of large-scale complexes.

Essential equipment for obtaining 32-35 tons of products will cost monthly 500 thousand rubles, this amount includes:

• retort-type charcoal kiln costing 35-82 thousand rubles;
• industrial measuring device worth up to 10 thousand rubles;
• gasoline or electric saws worth 10-12 thousand rubles;
• electric generator costing 25-35 thousand rubles;
• optional: hydraulic wood splitter and packing equipment - as needed.

Do not forget about legal side question. Registration will take no more than a month. With the expected income, the entrepreneur will transfer taxes to the state for.

To produce 32-35 tons of coal monthly, the following raw materials will be required:

• chopped firewood - 1.5-2 thousand rubles / cubic meter;
• bags (nets) for packaging finished products - 12-15 rubles / pc.

The wages of working personnel (5 people will be enough for a start) will amount to 85-100 thousand rubles a month. Advertising and transport costs can fluctuate slightly from month to month.

Subject to the implementation of the planned implementation plan, monthly income will be 75-80 thousand rubles at the cost of finished products 20-25 rubles/kg.

The objective advantage of the business of manufacturing and selling charcoal is a small initial investment, as well as minimal competition in this market segment. Even if there are problems with the sale of products, payback period of the project - 2 years. If it is possible to establish an export option, investments can pay off in six months.

Charcoal production is not only financially profitable, but also a business idea that is beneficial to nature. Its manufacturing technologies are constantly being improved. Thanks to the development of science and technology, it was possible to establish the production of an environmentally friendly product that does not harm the surrounding reality even when burning.

Charcoal gained popularity in antiquity, but became widely used only in the 20th century. Its popularity is due to the presence of a lot of advantages:

• environmental friendliness (charcoal is made from natural ingredients, absolutely harmless not only to humans, but also to nature);
• efficiency of use (actively releases energy during combustion);
• wide scope;
• versatility.

Charcoal is used not only in industrial production (for example, it acts as a reducing agent, purifies water and sugar, allows air to be regenerated), but also in medicine and agriculture. Ordinary citizens are also showing high interest in this raw material today. It is used for kindling fireplaces, cooking barbecue in nature.

Due to the use of charcoal, the number of harmful emissions into the atmosphere has been significantly reduced, and yet the issue of the planet's ecology is most acute today.

The highest demand for coal is confirmed by the constant improvement of its production technologies. The installations used are modernized, thereby improving the quality of the product itself.

Varieties of charcoal

There are several varieties of charcoal. The amount of finished raw materials will depend on which tree is used for its production. The size of the output is also affected by the correct application of the technology. For example, due to the entry of oxygen into the furnace for the production of charcoal, the original product may burn out completely.

There are the following types of charcoal:

1. black (for its manufacture, softwood trees are used, for example, linden or willow);
2. white (on the contrary, it is made from hardwood, including oak and hornbeam);
3. red (such coal can only be obtained from coniferous trees).

Production technology

The technology for the production of charcoal is quite simple, but in the manufacture of the final product, it is important to take into account all the nuances. Special skills and knowledge will prevent the percentage of yield from decreasing to a minimum. With the right approach, the quality of the finished raw material also increases.

There are several technologies for making charcoal. But they all consist of the following steps:

1. Drying. If you use wet raw materials, then it will burn much more slowly.
2. Pyrolysis. At this stage, the decomposition of raw materials under the influence of high temperatures occurs. It is important that no oxygen enters the oven during this time.
3. Calcination. This step allows you to get high-quality coal without all kinds of impurities in the form of gases and tars.
4. cooling down.

Not so long ago, the production of charcoal was accompanied by harmful emissions into the atmosphere. But thanks to the creation of new technologies, it was possible to avoid them. The process of coal production is no longer accompanied by the release of harmful gases - they are used to maintain the temperature in special furnaces.

Necessary equipment

You will need to purchase equipment for the production of charcoal. The total cost of tools is about 350,000 rubles.

The production process begins with the loading of wood into a specialized chamber. It is equipped with special indicators that signal combustion and drying in time. This means that enterprises necessarily use charcoal kilns. Their number will depend on the industrial scale. It is customary to separate stationary and mobile varieties. The second option allows you to process raw materials not in workshops, but at the place where the wood is collected.

The furnaces used also differ in the number of chambers. If there is only one, then the newly produced coal is unloaded for subsequent cooling. At more cooling chambers takes place directly in the charcoal kiln.

Furnaces with one chamber make it possible to obtain finished products from raw materials in a ratio of 1 to 7. The use of three-chamber furnaces can significantly improve this indicator.

At the end, the coal is crushed. This requires special crushers. The size of the finished product will depend on what it will be subsequently used for. Small pieces are applicable in everyday life - when kindling your own fireplace or cooking meat in the grill. But industrial coal has a larger size.

When the products of the required size are obtained, they are packaged in bags. Due to the lightness of charcoal, paper bags are commonly used. For packaging, it is better to purchase a special packaging machine. Its cost can vary from 10,000 to 50,000 rubles.

Own business in the production of charcoal in one month can bring up to 30 batches of finished products. Their total size will depend on the volume of the furnace.

The cost of raw materials used in production is low, but the quality of the coal itself will depend on its quality. The most budgetary option is to purchase sawdust and industrial waste from furniture and paper factories. If an entrepreneur wants to get really high-quality products, then he should buy:

• branches;
• branches;
• chopped firewood(but this option is the most expensive).

It is better to look for suppliers of raw materials among companies involved in wood processing. You can mine it yourself, but this method will be cost-effective if you open a large-scale production.

Sales channels

The production of charcoal as a business is most promising in the case of selling finished products abroad. In Russia, the level of consumption is not as high as in European countries. There, products are actively in demand not only in the industrial, but also in the domestic sense.

If coal production is small, then it will be easy to find consumers in the domestic market. It is better to focus on wholesale sales. Energy companies are constantly in need of raw materials. Coal can also be offered to individuals with large country houses with fireplaces, barbecue grills and barbecues. Additionally, you should pay attention to the following categories of potential customers:

• blacksmiths;
• smelters;
• pharmaceutical companies;
• large stores (ordinary grocery stores and those that specialize in the sale of goods for a full-fledged country and country holiday);
• public catering establishments (kebab houses, cafes, restaurants);

In the production of coal, one should not forget that to some extent this product is considered seasonal. Especially if the main buyers are shops, catering outlets and ordinary people. Working with such a contingent, you can count on maximum profit from May to October. But the rest of the time it is worth trying to establish contacts with other potential buyers.

To attract as many consumers as possible, you need to take care not only about the quality of the products offered, but also about the recognition of your own brand. It is important to develop a logo, come up with interesting name. It is also necessary to think over the design of the bags in which coal will be sold. So the consumer will know which product to buy next time.

If an entrepreneur wants to work with individuals directly, and not through chain stores, then he can arrange for the sale of products through social media. To do this, it is enough to create your own page, set prices, certificates and other mandatory documentation. This way you can maximize your profit.

Calculation of financial results

The level of profitability of coal production must be determined individually, since much will depend on the effectiveness of the chosen strategy. By itself, such a business is very promising and profitable.

An important advantage of this area is the relatively low investment required to start your own business. If an entrepreneur plans to produce about 30 tons of finished products per month, then he will need 500,000 rubles. These expenses will include:

• equipment (ovens, generators, packaging machine);
• inventory (shovels, chainsaws);
• raw materials;
• bags.

The number of monthly costs will include: the purchase of raw materials, rent of premises, wages, advertising costs, transportation costs. In general, 450,000 - 500,000 rubles will be required.

For 1 kilogram of charcoal, you can get about 20 rubles. When selling 30 tons, you can expect to receive an income of 600,000 rubles per month.

The profit level of the charcoal production business starts at 100,000 rubles. Such profitability will allow you to return the money invested in the business in 5-6 months after the launch.

Summing up

Charcoal production is a promising business format. Despite the abundance of manufacturers of this product, Russian market not completely satisfied. Those entrepreneurs who have experience in the woodworking or forestry sector should take a closer look at the idea outlined. This will not only allow faster adaptation to production conditions, but will also help reduce start-up and operating costs, while increasing profitability.

The efficiency of work will directly depend on compliance with production technologies. A negligent attitude can completely deprive an entrepreneur of profit.