Please give the characteristics of the tunbergia flower. Thunbergia: types, varieties, home care

The liana-like flower of tunbergia is used to decorate arbors, terraces, in hanging compositions, make out arches and decorate walls.

How to cultivate a flowering loach, is it difficult to care for. What to do for early spring flowering, and what rules can not be neglected.

From the Acanthus family, the flower belongs to evergreen vines and shrubs. It can grow one season or several years in open ground exclusively in its homeland - in Africa and Asian countries. In conditions temperate climate it is an annual (or perennial in flower pot Houses).

The leaf plate is large, in the form of a heart or a blade, rounded. The flower is in the form of a funnel, deep or not very, diverse palette - orange, blue and white, crimson.

Landing and care

It is desirable to arrange the plant in a place that does not fall in direct sunlight. A light-loving bush will appreciate indirect lighting, but the shadow is contraindicated for it - flowering will be inhibited.

Important! A direct hit of the bright sun is the path to dangerous burns on the delicate surface of the sheet.

The soil is prepared fertile, loose, you can put a layer of sand on the bottom of the hole. Thunbergia is also responsive to liming the soil - it loves light alkalization, and ash will not interfere. The interval between copies is selected at least 25-35 centimeters.

If the flower grows in a planter, pot or tub, the soil and drainage requirements are similar. The container needs a pallet and holes in the bottom. The windows of the room or balcony should not be under the scorching sun.

Flowering is long, in July it begins, in September it ends. To stimulate new buds, old, shriveled buds are removed.

After the flower begins to produce tendrils, it needs to build garter supports. It can be a stretched twine, a lattice that forms different structures. Vertically placed trellises, covering an entire wall, or gracefully wrapping around the curve of an arch are just a few of the applications in the design of a climbing annual.

Potted culture should also be tied up - if the plant is heading up. With hanging planters branches will hang down freely, forming a flowering cascade.

Watering

Drainage is necessary so that the roots of a moisture-loving flower do not rot. Water a lot, not allowing the soil under the plant to dry out. Loosening is carried out after wetting. Liana will be grateful to you for spraying with plain water in dry weather in the morning or evening.

We feed

Nitrogen fertilizers are applied at the initial stage of growth, before flowering. Then top dressing goes with complex solutions with a frequency of 1-2 procedures in 30 days. During winter holiday plants (at home), mineral feeding is not carried out.

How it hibernates

An annual plant lives outdoors for a season, it can be dug up before frost and brought into a cool room, cut off (save a few buds) and planted in a large container. Otherwise, it dies.
Treat the cut area with a weak permanganate solution. In winter, the flower is watered sparingly.

If it grows in a pot (in the garden, on the veranda, in the gazebo), it is simply brought home to spend the winter. The air temperature for storage in the autumn-winter season should vary from 12-17 degrees.

In the spring, the tunbergia, which has overwintered in a pot, is transplanted into another (with fresh soil), taken out into the street. It will bloom earlier than the one planted in seedlings.

Grow from seed

Reproduction occurs in two ways: seedlings and cuttings. The first method is the most popular and preferred. A heat-loving plant is undesirable to plant in open ground immediately seeds. One hundred percent result will give a seedling method.

• Sowing of seeds is carried out in March or late February;
• Fill containers with a mixture of ready-made or sand, soddy soil and humus (peat);
• The seeds are laid in the ground, slightly sprinkled with earth, watered from a spray bottle;
• If you create a greenhouse effect - cover with film or glass, seedlings will appear faster;
• When two or more leaves appear, dive into separate containers, or you can immediately sow in peat glasses. root system such specimens will be more powerful and branched;
• It is not necessary to allow the seedlings to be pulled out if there is an unsettled temperature in the yard, in this case the tops of 10-15 cm seedlings are pinched;
• After the threat of frost has passed, plant the seedlings outside;
• It is estimated that after pinching, tunbergia will bloom in three months.

In the cutting method, reproduction is carried out in August. Green stems are cut into layers of 8 or 10 centimeters, treated with root stimulants and placed in pots with soil. Moisten the soil in them before planting. Tanks with planting material put in plastic bag and put into storage for the winter. The room temperature is gradually brought to 10-13 degrees. In the spring, the cuttings are ready for a permanent place.

Thunbergia diseases

On the back side leaves sometimes show signs of the presence of whiteflies, aphids or spider mites. Get rid of the problem by applying insecticides. The method of getting rid of fungal problems is fungicidal.

It happens that the leaves of the plant are covered with mold. This comes from stagnant water during excessive watering or during rainy times. Armed with mortar soapy water and alcohol, spray the flower, and also remove the affected leaves.

Varieties

More than two hundred varieties of tunbergia are known. The most common among domestic flower growers are winged and large-flowered.

The height of the vine reaches three meters, usually the color of the flower is yellow, and the middle is black. Numerous cultivars have been bred with colors ranging from white to bright orange, muted peach to creamy apricot. Flowers can be bordered along the edge and reach a size of 4-5 centimeters.

Leaves are ovate-oval, with serrations. Blooms from late July to September.

large-flowered

Climbing, tall flowering plant has leaves far removed from each other, the stem is almost bare. Drooping brushes consist of large flowers, which also grow singly. Varieties of this species are colored in a variety of colors.

Thunbergia - annual tropical plant, often curly. Belongs to the Acanthus family. Africa, Madagascar and south Asia, which is why the plant does not tolerate frost. It got its name in honor of the outstanding botanist K. Thunberg. Planting and caring for a plant is not burdensome, and growing, in fact, is also. Unpretentious, but loves good watering. Black-eyed Suzanne - as she is also called, grows rapidly, envelops vertical supports, is suitable as a hedge for planting in open ground.

Thunbergia: varieties and photos

Modern flora has about 200 species of this beautiful plant. Many consider it an annual, this is due to intolerance to frost. In fact, tunbergia has long been grown as perennial. Before the onset of frost, the roots are dug up and transferred to a cool place for wintering.

The most common varieties tropical beauty are:

• tunbergia winged. An annual plant that blooms from mid-summer to autumn. Has a whole range of colors. Thunbergia flowers are yellow, pale and even terracotta. Grows up to 3 m high, mostly upwards;

Thunbergia winged

• fragrant tunbergia. Bindweed comes from India. It grows up to 1.5 m, while in its homeland it can reach 6 m;

Thunbergia fragrant

• tunbergia erect. Shrub with an unusual stem, no more than 2 m high. Gained fame from the middle of the XIX century. One of his varieties is "Alba";

Thunbergia erectus

• Vogel's tunbergia. shrub with dark purple flowers, its height is no more than 2 m. Its leaves are larger than those of the erect.

Thunbergia Vogel

The last two species are shrubs, the rest of the tunbergia grow like climbing vines.

Thunbergia: planting and care

Thunbergia is a tropical plant, she prefers sunny areas, therefore, for its landing, it is necessary to choose the appropriate place.

Attention! In the scorching sun, perennials can get burned, so it is worth protecting the plant from direct sunlight.

watering in summer period must be abundant and constant. The topsoil must not dry out. The presence of drainage important condition growing tunbergia. She loves spraying, but this is not necessary.

For growing tunbergia, maintaining an optimal level of humidity is important.

Planting a flower is carried out at the very beginning of spring. One of the options for breeding a plant is growing from seeds.

1. First, the seeds are planted in pots with peat.
2. The soil is watered and covered with a protective film.
3. In this state, the seedlings are several weeks. It is important to monitor soil moisture. Too much water can cause seeds to rot.
4. After the emergence of shoots, the film is removed.
5. When a large number sprouts are picking.
6. When the seedlings reach 12-15 cm in height, pinch it and tear off the tops.
7. At the end of spring-beginning of summer, tunbergia is planted in open ground.

Sprouting tunbergia from seeds

For climbing species, vertical supports should be pulled, and for shrubs, flower pots or flowerpots should be prepared.
Thunbergia is an annual plant, and in order to prolong its vital activity, it must be protected from frost for the winter. At climbing plants roots are dug up and stored at a low temperature until spring. Shrub-type thunbergia is enough to bring it indoors with the planter. Watering in winter is extremely rare.

Fertilizer and top dressing

With careful care, tunbergia begins to actively grow and bloom. So if you want to get positive result, you need to fertilize the plant from time to time. This is done on average once every two weeks. organic composition from April to August.
AT winter period perennial fertilizer should be discarded.

Reproduction of tunbergia

Growing an exotic guest can be done in several ways.

thunbergia seeds

1. By cuttings. This is perhaps the most simple and labor-intensive process. The cuttings are planted in a sand composition with the addition of expanded clay. When they take root, they are transplanted into open ground in the sun.
2. With the help of seeds. More difficult option breeding. Seeds of the plant are collected from ripe boxes. Their germination is maintained for two years. It is important to observe temperature regime during landing.

Thunbergia: diseases and pests

The flower is susceptible to attacks by pests such as scale insects, spider mites and whiteflies. All these unpleasant insects can be found on the underside of tunbergia leaves. Fight them with chemicals. Also effective is soap and water alcohol solution. Some spray the plant with kerosene. Only then should it be washed off.

whitefly

Black Suzanne: combination with other colors and role in landscape design

Thunbergia looks great without the use of other plants. Growing several climbing or shrub species will complement color shades each other.

If you still decide to dilute the African beauty with other colors, then combinations with fuchsia and asparagus are suitable for ampelous species.

Thunbergia in hanging pots

For climbing lianas of tunbergia, a composition with ivy will look great, sweet peas, kobe or honeysuckle.

AT landscape design tunbergia is used to decorate terraces, balconies, arbors and flower beds. Unusual hedges form thickets of this tropical perennial. Flowerpots and hanging planters with tunbergia decorate rooms or garden plots.

Thunbergia will decorate even Technical buildings Location on

Thunbergia is a great option for those who want to decorate their backyard. In addition to decorative purposes, it has a number medicinal properties. Thunbergia laurel is used in traditional medicine and cosmetology. The active substances of the plant have a wound healing effect, smooth wrinkles, normalize the water-lipid balance, slow down the aging process, etc.

Tunbergia is also used as an antipyretic. Eliminates alcohol, drug and nicotine addiction.

Thunbergia in the garden: video

Types of tunbergia: photo

Thunbergia winged - herbaceous plant, during the flowering period is covered with beautiful flowers. This culture belongs to the acanthus family. Includes both curly and shrub species. Thunbergia winged, the cultivation of which can take place both in room conditions, so on garden plots, in open ground can reach six meters in height.

The plant, which, in fact, is nothing more than a liana, due to the abundance of greenery forms a dense leafy wall, which is often used on modern sites as a beautiful and effective decoration.

Thunbergia: plant description

Thunbergia Black-eyed Susanna grown by flower growers climbing liana or as an upright shrub. The type of ampelous tunbergia is also popular, which is often bred in hanging planters.

The plant has oval or heart-shaped, slightly pubescent leaves. Some species have characteristic notches along the edges on the leaves. The flower is different variety of variegated colors. Its flowering period is long and lasts from July to the middle or end of October. During this period, the plant emits a pronounced fragrance.

This plant is native to tropical African and Asian forests. The flower was named after the naturalist and botanist Carl Peter Thunberg. It was he who introduced the Europeans to this unique plant. In Europe, the winged tunbergia liana received a second name - Black-eyed Suzanne. This name came from the black eye in the center of the flowers of the plant.

It grows in the wild as perennial. If the plant is in a cold climate, then its cultivation takes place as in annual plant through obtaining bushes from seeds. As a perennial, tunbergia can grow at home and in greenhouses.

Growing from seeds and the rules for caring for a vine in a garden plot

Thunbergia, growing from seeds of which involves the observance of certain rules, is considered nevertheless a plant unpretentious.

If the crops have sprouted too densely, then they must be dived in the phase of 2-3 true leaves or thinned out. When the seedlings of tunbergia rise to 15 cm, the tops are pinched. This technique helps the formation of side shoots.

To accelerate the growth of seedlings from seeds and count on the formation of a dense green leaf mass, it is necessary to feed the vine iodine-containing preparations. However, if your goal is to get abundant and long flowering, then you can limit yourself to only one nitrogen fertilization at the beginning of cultivation.

To avoid not picking a plant, you can use the technique experienced flower growers and plant the seeds of tunbergia three seeds in peat cups.

Landing in open ground

Seedlings are planted in open ground in the usual way in mid-May. The seedlings of this plant will be ready for planting by the middle May days. At this time, as a rule, it has already stabilized enough warm weather for her. But if the heat has not yet been established, then one should not rush into planting, because otherwise the flowers will die at the first frost.

Thunbergia prefers slightly shady place which is protected from drafts and winds. The soil for it must be selected light, with good breathability and not acidic. On the site without fail make slaked lime.

Young sprouts should be planted at a distance of at least 40-45 cm from each other. At the same time, there should already be pre-installed supports for a convenient location of the shoots. For these purposes, special arches or gratings made of wire or slats are suitable, along which vine sprouts can easily climb up.

Basic rules for caring for tunbergia in the open field

To carry out proper care for thunbergia, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention watering, fertilizing and pruning. It should be watered moderately, but regularly. The soil should be moderately moist, but not wet. During the flowering period, the amount of moisture must be increased, because with a lack of moisture, the plant will quickly drop buds.

When establishing dry and hot weather, watering must be combined with spraying. This procedure is carried out in the evening to avoid burning the leaves.

Top dressing of tunbergia is carried out monthly, for this use mineral mixtures for ornamental plants. It should be noted that during the flowering period it is not necessary to feed tunbergia with mixtures containing nitrogen. This can cause overgrowth of foliage and greenery to the detriment of flowering.

During the growth of flower growers pay attention formation bush. To do this, they direct the shoots in the right direction. Withering and weak and shoots and withered flowers must be removed from the green space in time.

Protection from pests and diseases

Spider mite, aphid, whitefly

Thunbergia diseases are associated only with violation of the rules of watering. With an insufficient level of moisture, the vine begins to bud, and when it excessive watering mold begins to appear on its leaves. The lack of light and sun leads to lightening of the foliage.

Sticky coating and blackheads

The appearance on the leaves and stems of sticky or white coating and black dots is usually the result of infection spider mites, whitefly and aphids. Pests are destroyed, as they said, with the help of soap diluted in water. You can also use an alcohol solution. Spraying is carried out every 14 days.

When and how are seeds collected?

Thunbergia is a bee-pollinated plant that forms seed pods in places of former flowers. The collection of seed pods must occur before they spontaneously, naturally open.

This is done so that they do not spill out onto the ground and do not germinate inopportunely in the future on their own. The collected boxes are dried, and then opened and the contents are poured into paper bags.

The seeds of this plant are able to remain viable for two years, but it should be borne in mind that in the second year the number of specimens capable of germination is significantly reduced. Therefore, if you do not collect the seed crop yourself, but prefer to buy seeds in stores, be sure to check the expiration date.

Otherwise, plants from purchased and expired material simply will not sprout. Furthermore, necessary consider the conditions under which the seed was stored. You should not buy seeds from open trays, as they may be frozen, which also means that you can not wait for seedlings.

Wintering of container species of tunbergia

Only tunbergia grown in containers or flowerpots are able to overwinter at home. The vessel with the plant is brought into the room, having previously cut off the shoots. When pruning, it is necessary to leave 4-6 buds on the stems.

In places of pruning, the plant necessary spray with a solution of potassium permanganate and store in a cool (plus 1z-15 degrees) place until spring. During wintering, the soil is slightly moistened no more than two or three times.

It is important to consider that tunbergia, which was grown in a flower bed, will not be able to overwinter

Thunbergia in landscape design

Thunbergia is often used for decorating and embellishments walls and fences of gazebos. In the neighborhood with tunbergia, you can add to the composition:

• azarina,
• asparagus,
• morning glory,
• fuchsia.

Curly species of tunbergia (vines) in vertical gardening landscape designers recommend combining with the following types of plants:

• ivy,
• honeysuckle,
• kobe.

Setting up a vertical support in the middle of the lawn in the form pyramids for vertical tunbergia and plants that are added to it as companions decorative elements able to compose original sculptural compositions. Often they can be found in the best gardens and verandas.

Conclusion

If you would like to receive your personal plot a plant possessing dense and beautiful foliage that wraps itself around any vertical supports, then the right choice for you will Black-eyed Susanna or winged tunbergia.

The seeds of our black-eyed beauty germinate without any problems or extra labor. The main thing is to comply with the watering deadlines, monitor the amount of moisture, temperature conditions, and then the beautiful tunbergia grows rapidly and begins to bloom to the delight of everyone.

Thunbergia is a vine belonging to the Acanthus family. AT natural environment The plant is found in Africa, Asia and about. Madagascar. Thunbergia stands out for its funnel-shaped flowers, which have a yellow, snow-white, chocolate, blue, purple, orange, lilac or red color. Some varieties have a strong aroma. The flowering period of tunbergia falls in the middle of summer and lasts until the beginning of autumn. In nature, this plant is a perennial, but gardeners in Russia are grown as an annual, because it is unstable to frost.

Common species and varieties

The most common species grown outdoors is the winged thunbergia (Black-eyed Susanna). This species has elongated stems, strewn with flowers of various colors. In the middle of each of them is a deep purple eye.

Thunbergia winged

One of the popular varieties of winged tunbergia is Yuzhanka. This fast growing creeper bright flowers effectively stand out against the background of arrow-shaped leaves. This variety is often used to decorate balconies, columns and arbors.

In landscape design, they also use such a variety of winged tunbergia as a mixture of colors. The shoots of this rapidly growing vine reach a length of about 200 cm. The flowers are yellow, orange, white and light purple.

A mixture of colors

A variety such as large-flowered or blue tunbergia looks very decorative. This species is distinguished by its curly shoots and large leaves of rich green color. The flowers of tunbergia blue are large, have a purple or blue tint.

Thunbergia grandiflora or blue

Growing from seeds

It is recommended to start the procedure of growing seedlings from seeds in February or March. Sow them in containers filled with soil mixture, which is prepared from the following components, taken in equal proportions:

• sod land;
• peat;
• sand.

From above, the sown seeds must be sprinkled with a small amount of soil and slightly moisten the soil. The container should be covered with polyethylene and placed in a well-lit place. It is not recommended to expose them to direct sunlight. It is necessary to ensure that the soil is always slightly moist. The optimum temperature regime is from +22 to +24 degrees. After the seeds germinate, the polyethylene will need to be removed. As soon as 2 leaves appear on the seedlings, they should be thinned out by diving seedlings in a container bigger size. Seedlings that have reached a height of about 13 cm must be pinched to enhance branching.

Landing in open ground

In mid-April or early May, you can plant tunbergia in open ground. It is recommended to land in a shady, draft-protected place, excluding direct sunlight.

The soil should be neutral, nutritious and well drained. It is recommended to add a small amount of lime to the selected area for digging. It is necessary to plant plants in such a way that the distance between them is at least 30 cm. It is necessary to install supports, which are suitable for wire or grating. Immediately before planting, moisten the soil in the selected area.

Features of care

Care for tunbergia in the open field includes regular moderate watering, top dressing and timely pruning. It should be watered abundantly only during the flowering period. In dry summers, it is advisable to resort to spraying.

Pruning is recommended in spring or winter. During the procedure, it is necessary to remove weakened shoots and wilted flowers. It is advisable to prune only young specimens. Before frost, the vine must be cut and the intensity of watering should be reduced.

During the spring and summer periods, and especially during budding every month, tunbergia must be fed with liquid mineral fertilizer. It must be added to water for irrigation.

Thunbergia under attack spider mites, scale insects and whiteflies. You can get rid of pests by spraying with special preparations, such as Fitoverm or Aktellik. It is not recommended to process the plant more than 4 times. The break between procedures should be at least 7 days. Fungal diseases must be controlled with fungicides. Injured leaves and flowers must be removed before processing. Due to excessive watering, mold can also form on the stems and leaves of tunbergia.

Content at home

Despite the fact that tunbergia is demanding on lighting, it should not be exposed to direct sunlight. A pot with a plant is recommended to be placed on the southeast or west window sill. If the container is set to north side, then the flower needs to be provided with additional artificial lighting.

The optimal temperature regime for the comfortable growth of tunbergia in the summer is +20 ... +25 degrees. In warm months, it is advisable to rearrange the pot to the balcony. In winter, the air temperature should be within +14 ... +16 degrees. The room in which there is a container with a plant is recommended to be ventilated periodically. Thunbergia is undemanding to humidity, but dry air will affect the brightness of the leaves. Therefore, it is desirable to carry out spraying from a spray bottle in evening time, a couple of times a week.

Tunbergia care at homeinvolves watering, fertilizing and pruning. It is recommended to water the plant after the topsoil has dried out. During the heat indoor flower more water is needed. In winter, it is enough to water the tunbergia 1-2 times a month. Water should be at room temperature.

It is desirable to feed tunbergia during budding. In the spring and summer periods - no more than 1 time per month. Liquid mineral fertilizers should be used.

With improper care of the plant, the florist may encounter problems such as lack of flowering, mold, or falling buds. Thunbergia stops blooming due to lack of light, and in this case it is enough to take care of additional lighting. Mold forms with excessive watering, and the buds fall off with a lack of moisture.