How to germinate hazelnuts at home. Hazelnut: growing on a personal plot

Hazelnut - garden form hazelnut(hazels).

This is a compact shrub plant with dark green foliage and nuts, reaching a height of up to 3 m.

The culture is unpretentious and will take root on suburban area.

It is grown even in northern latitudes, since some varieties of trees can withstand temperatures down to -50 ˚C.

Hazelnut begins to bear fruit in 4-6 years.

But if you buy 3-year-old seedlings, this period can be reduced.

Experienced gardeners at the end of the season take abundant harvests from the bushes - enough to feast on in the summer and prepare for the winter.

Popular varieties of hazelnuts

Breeders have bred many varieties of hazelnuts. Each of them has its own characteristics - the size and taste of the fruit, the timing of fruiting, resistance to certain diseases. Let's designate the varieties of nuts suitable for growing in any region of the country:

Early Trebizond. You can harvest from tall bushes by the end of July. Nuts are large, oval, with a slightly pointed nose. They are easy to peel because the fruits are covered with a thin shell.

Cosford. Nuts are harvested from the tree from mid-August. The fruits are large, oblong in shape. The variety is remarkable in that it is resistant to common diseases and pest invasion.

Warsaw Red. Shrub with red leaves forms spherical shape. Gardeners grow this variety not only to obtain hazelnuts, but also to decorate the garden. The fruits are large and tasty.

almond-shaped. The variety got its name because of the unusual taste - the seeds have an almond flavor. The fruits are medium in size, with a thin shell. Trees, subject to growing conditions, bring high yields.

Barcelona. The plant develops a dense, strongly leafy crown. At favorable conditions can grow up to 5 m in height. Hazelnuts of this variety tolerate cold very well. Nuts are very large, slightly flattened. Fruit kernels are tasty, juicy, covered with a thin shell. Gardeners begin harvesting in early September. The main disadvantage of the Barcelona variety is vulnerability to moniliosis.

Roman. The variety is famous for its large nuts, which begin to ripen by August. The plant is resistant to diseases and pests.

Halle. The tree grows densely leafy. Nuts - cone-shaped, large, with a thick shell. This hazelnut variety is more suitable for growing in southern regions, since the fruits ripen only by the end of September. Galle is considered the most prolific variety of all.

Where to grow hazelnuts?

Hazelnut, being a forest plant, prefers warm, sunny, well protected from strong winds places. Allocate a plot for growing a tree near the southwestern or western wall of the house. If this is not possible, then hedges can become protection against drafts. But make sure that the plants are located no closer than 4-5 m to the hazelnuts. Otherwise, the root system will not be enough nutrients.

Overgrown walnut trees will be easier to care for if plant them on level ground. So the site will be easily accessible for processing - weeding the land, fertilizing. Hazelnut dislikes frequently flooded lands- grow it where a lot of moisture does not accumulate in the spring. Groundwater should run no closer than 1.5 m to the ground surface.

The walnut tree is unpretentious to the composition of the soil. But you will receive high yield if you properly prepare the bed before planting. The only thing that hazelnuts will not tolerate is sandy, highly acidified and wetlands. The best option for him will be a light, well-drained black soil.

If the site has acidic, podzolic soils, be sure to treat the beds with lime - at the rate of 500 g per 1 m2. It is better to do this a year before planting, otherwise the young seedling will not take root in the garden. Immediately before planting, remove the weeds and dig up the area (one and a half bayonet). Fertilize the upper layers of the earth for better survival of seedlings - 50 g of potassium salt and 200 g of superphosphate. The dimensions of the landing holes are 60 * 50 cm.

Planting a hazelnut

The best time to plant hazelnuts is early October. Since the tree has a very short dormant period, many seedlings do not take root in the spring. If you missed the deadlines, then spend the spring landing in April-May.

Buy seedlings for planting hazelnuts in specialized nurseries. pay attention to root system planting material - traces of diseases and pests are not allowed. If individual roots are dry, cut off the affected parts. But strong pruning is not allowed - hazelnuts do not have enough strength to develop.

Place the seedling in the hole so that the trunk of the tree is buried 3-4 cm deeper into the ground than it was planted in the nursery. Wherein root collar must not be covered with soil. The roots in the pit must be carefully straightened and covered with loose earth. After planting the plant, the near-trunk circle is watered abundantly - 20-25 liters of water. And when moisture is absorbed into the soil, mulch the ground using sawdust, bark, wood chips or peat. Cut the planted plant to 5-6 buds.

Hazelnut seedling ready for planting

If you plant several copies, then stick to a certain scheme:

Distance between rows - 5-6 m,

The distance between plants is 4-4.5 m.

In the future, a young shrub support may be required. A wooden peg driven in nearby is enough. A young trunk is attached to it. mature tree will no longer sag under the weight of foliage and fruits.

Hazelnut Care

Provide proper care to the planted plant. It won't take much time. Fundamental rules:

Watering. Despite the fact that hazelnuts do not like swamps, they respond well to abundant timely watering. This is especially important in a dry summer - the plant will die. Depending on the weather, hazelnuts are moistened 1-2 times a month. In July, regularly check if the earth around the trunk has dried up - during this period, many varieties begin active growth of fruits that need an abundance of nutrients. The amount of watering will depend on the age of the hazelnuts. An adult specimen will need up to 50 liters warm water. Some gardeners do not moisten the near-trunk circles, but pour the required amount of water into a hole dug in the immediate vicinity of the hazelnuts.

top dressing. When fertilizing hazelnuts, if it grows on soil rich in microelements, use a minimum of nitrogen fertilizing. In this case, the green mass grows abundantly, but the yield drops. As a source of nutrients, organic matter, such as slurry, is mainly used. Before the start of the growing season, the nut will need potassium and phosphorus. When the growth of the ovaries begins, hazelnuts can be fertilized with 0.5% urea. During the fruiting period, add 1-2 buckets of humus to the tree trunks (with the addition of 100 g of nitroammophoska). In the fall, feed the tree with wood ash.

Mulching. To keep moisture in the ground longer, update the mulch regularly.

loosening. In the first 3-5 years, the land must be carefully cultivated - remove weeds and loosen the beds. Do not allow the top layer of the earth to become covered with a dense crust. Make sure that the trunk circle is not smaller size crowns. When processing a young tree, do not loosen the soil deeply, as you can damage the root system - 5-7 cm is enough. During the fruiting period of hazelnuts, it is better to leave the tree trunks alone.

Shelter for the winter. Adult specimens endure winter. But young seedlings need protection. In the first 3 years, cover the shrub with spunbond. You can use another way - bend the branches to the ground and cover with spruce branches and snow. So you protect the young shoots from strong gusts of wind.

Important Rule in the care of hazelnuts - timely pruning of plants. Many of its varieties grow strongly, which does not contribute to abundant harvests and causes diseases. Experienced gardeners grow hazelnuts in a bushy form. Cut off excess shoots from the plant at a young age. And when it enters the fruiting phase, it will only be necessary to renew the shoots, since nuts are formed only on one-year-old wood. Anti-aging pruning is carried out in the spring, and cut off the old damaged branches in the fall.

pruning hazelnut

Start harvesting when the nuts begin to fall out of the wrapper. Do it by hand or just shake the tree. This will be followed by the stage of separation from the fruits of the wrapper and drying of the crop.

Hazelnut propagation

When the “trial” hazelnut gives the first harvest, you can expand the plantation by planting a few more copies. Now it is not necessary to buy seedlings in the nursery - take planting material from mother plant.

There are 3 ways to propagate hazelnuts:

seeds. Seed propagation is a tricky business. If you are not afraid of difficulties, select nuts from the best bush. You can plant them in spring and autumn. When sowing in autumn (end of September), deepen the fruits by 4-6 cm into loose soil. Beds for optimal temperature conditions be sure to mulch, otherwise the nuts will not hatch. Spring sowing involves preliminary stratification. Place the seeds in a nutrient substrate - peat, sawdust. The container should stand for 2 weeks in a warm place (18-22 ° C). And then you can take it to the basement - it is necessary to provide a temperature of + 1 ... -5 ° С. Here the fruits should be until the moment of landing in an open area. The best time for planting stratified fruits is the beginning of May. If high-quality seed material is selected, then by the beginning of autumn the seedlings reach a height of 25-30 cm.

germinated hazelnut seed

layering. To get layering, bend a healthy branch to the ground and lay it in shallow grooves. To “fix the branch, use special staples. And place the top of the shoot 15 cm long vertically and tie it to a peg. During the period when young branches begin to form from the buds, they are spudded. When rooting takes place, the "kids" can be separated and grown for another 1 year. This method is bad because the rooting of the layering is slow.

Propagation of hazelnuts by layering

Root growth. Branched roots form at the very base of the root shoots - this is the root growth. Carefully separate them from the mother tree and transfer to a new location. Carry out the procedure in the spring. Rooting can be accelerated by cutting off part of the bush. This method is the simplest, it is often used by beginners to propagate hazelnuts.

How to protect hazelnuts from diseases and pests?

Many varieties of hazelnuts are resistant to diseases and insect pests. But if you have not planted such specimens on the site, you will have to monitor the condition of the plantings much more closely. The reason for the appearance of diseases (especially fungal ones) is the wrong conditions of detention - drought, flooding of the soil, thickening of the crown.

The most common hazelnut disease that many gardeners have to deal with is powdery mildew. This is a fungus that affects leaves and shoots. They are covered with a grayish sticky coating. Later, black spots appear on the mold. It is bad that the fungus can easily winter the winter, then returning to the plant. If you find traces of powdery mildew on the foliage, remove the damaged parts of the plant and burn them. Hazelnuts can be sprayed several times with a 10-day break with a 2% solution of lime-sulfur decoction.

Hazelnut defeat powdery mildew

To prevent or get rid of insect pests that have already inhabited the foliage, regularly inspect the branches. The most dangerous bugs:

nut weevil. Insect females gnaw nuts - they can no longer be eaten. You can free the hazelnut from the walnut weevil by deep digging the near-stem circle, since the larvae and adults live in the soil. Spraying will help by special means.

Damaged hazelnut weevil

nut barbel. The bug infects the shoots of the plant, which affects the decrease in yield. Damaged branches die off completely over time. Cut and burn the affected stems, treat the plant with special solutions.

nut barbel

Watch out for planting hazelnuts - no diseases and pests will be afraid of them.

Nuts are a wonderful gift of nature, a pantry of vitamins, trace elements and others. useful substances. Delicious hazelnuts give vitality to a person, have a beneficial effect on mental activity. They are used in healthy eating, traditional medicine, cosmetology, pharmaceuticals.

The oil from these nuts has a lot useful properties, as it contains vitamin E, B, PP, C, proteins, amino acids and minerals. Nuts are used in many recipes, giving them a special piquant taste and aroma.

Hazelnut is an ennobled hazel that grows independently in nature, usually among others. deciduous trees. It has become popular with summer residents thanks to many valuable properties and unpretentiousness to growing conditions.

IMPORTANT. The period of his life can last up to 100 years. Once planting such a hazel, you can provide your family with a tasty and healthy product for many years.

It is a shrub or tree with a height of 2 to 5 meters, the varieties of which have different leaf colors: red, green, yellow. Usually gardeners plant several bushes with different leaf colors. It gives a beautiful decorative look bushes, and also promotes cross-pollination, without which there will be no fruit.

There are several common ways to propagate hazelnuts: layering, seedlings, dividing the bush, grafting, and others. But it is quite possible to grow hazelnuts from a nut at home using seeds, that is, the nuts themselves. This is easy to do if you make some effort and knowledge, and correctly follow the recommendations of our instructions.

Where to plant

Hazelnut is unpretentious to growing conditions, it grows on ordinary soils of middle latitudes, it does not tolerate only swampy, clayey, saline soils.

IMPORTANT. Most suitable soils for planting a nut, these are various chernozem soils, loose sandy and loamy soils. To improve the moisture and air permeability of the soil, chernozems should be lightened by adding sand and compost to them; wood ash, lime, chalk.

To grow hazelnuts from nuts at home, it is worth considering some expert advice:

this nut requires good natural sunlight to grow, in shady areas good harvest will not;
he can't stand drafts. On the open places blown by cold winds, it is required to provide protection against them, for example, install hedges, buildings;
it is not recommended to plant hazelnuts on the southern slope of the hills. From the sun's rays in the spring, buds bloom very early, and when they freeze, they die;
ground water should pass, but not closer than one and a half meters to the surface. In the spring, due to melted snow, the area may be flooded, which leads to rotting of the plant;
the site is recommended to be used flat or with a slight slope. On steeper slopes, planting should be done on horizontal terraces.

When to plant

Although it is believed that it is possible to produce spring planting(in March - April), experienced gardeners believe that best fit- autumn. The nut has a short period of winter dormancy, the buds begin to awaken very early, and then they may not take root in frosts. In autumn, the growing process is helped by the accumulated summer heat and rainwater. The temperature is still warm enough, and ideal conditions for growing hazel. Landing is recommended to be done from September to November, depending on the area and climate, but no later than a month before the onset of real cold and frost.

Stage one - soil preparation

For the successful growth of the bush, it is necessary to prepare the soil in advance. If the landing is in the fall, then preparatory work must be produced in the spring, and even better - two seasons earlier. First you need to dig up the whole earth, remove the weeds. The land free from them will rest and accumulate the moisture necessary for planting. Lime treatment is required to correct the acidity of the soil. In addition, it is necessary to fertilize the land by introducing mineral and necessary organic fertilizers: potassium sulfate, humus, double superphosphate, mixed well with the soil. This will ensure proper nutrition of the soil for several years.

Stage two - the choice of seeds

If you want to grow hazelnuts in the country, you need to choose its varieties that are suitable for the local climate. AT middle lane breeders recommend large-fruited and frost-resistant hybrids: "Panakhessky", "Tambovsky", "Firstborn", "Komsomolsky". Since hazelnut is a cross-pollinated plant, it is required to plant at least three different varieties so that they can bear fruit well. Seeds are required only fully ripe and intact, without the smell of mold. To do this, you need to buy them from friends experienced gardeners or in special greenhouses and nurseries.

Stage three - stratification

For a more natural and easy breeding seeds must be germinated before planting, this process is called stratification. Seeds are kept for about 3-5 months in moistened sand or sawdust, poured into a box (preferably wooden). The room temperature should be positive, but not more than 10 degrees. For this, a common refrigerator compartment or a basement without heating is suitable. The box must be placed in a dark room and holes must be made in it for the passage of air. Over the entire period, it is advisable to mix the sand with seeds several times, removing spoiled nuts and adding moisture and sand if necessary.

Stage four - landing

Sowing hazelnuts from walnuts in the country should be done immediately after stratification. But first you should dig up the site, and fertilize the place for the future planting of germinated seeds. You can sow directly into the ground, as well as in any containers. The depth of the hole in autumn can be up to 8 cm, and in spring - only 5 cm. It is advisable to sow up to fifty kernels per 1 square meter, this will make it possible to remove all weak, diseased seedlings. Optimal distance between the holes - 8 cm, and it is desirable to make the size of the row spacing within 15-20 cm.

Stage five - care of seedlings

After planting, the land of the plants needs to be mulched with sawdust, peat or humus can be used. Further care consists in periodic loosening and watering of plantings, timely top dressing, for example, with humus. In cold weather, plants need to be insulated. In a year and a half, the height of the nut will reach 15-20 cm, usually during this period it can already be transplanted to permanent place.

When planting small plants, it must be borne in mind that a bush or tree will grow for many years, the crown will grow widely. Therefore, between neighboring plants it is necessary to maintain a distance of at least 4-5 meters. The same distance must be observed to other garden trees.

So is it possible to grow hazelnuts from a nut at home? If you follow the recommendations, it is quite possible to grow a healthy plant, but the fruits on it will appear much later (after 6-10 years), and when planted as a seedling, they bear fruit in the third or fourth year.

The cultivated form of the well-known hazel is the hazelnut beloved by many, the cultivation of which does not require a special approach. But in order to grow a luxurious hazelnut bush on your site, you should learn a little about the plant itself and the principles of its cultivation.

The bush grows up to 3 meters high, has a strong root system, which allows it to take root in inconvenient and infertile land plots. Leaves and fruits are slightly larger than those of hazelnuts. The flowering of the shrub begins even before the leaves bloom. The fruits grow in groups of 3-6 pieces.

In Turkey, Ukraine and other countries, hazelnuts are grown for industrial use. Gardeners and adherents loved to plant it on their plots. landscape design. It looks beautiful along the fence, but still the main value of the plant is the fruits. Hazelnut kernels are rich in proteins - up to 18% and fats - 50-60%, contain carbohydrates, many vitamins and different types amino acids. Eating nucleoli is good for brain activity, they give strength and energy.

Seat selection and landing

The plant loves moist soil good lighting. But too swampy, dry or salty soil will not work. Growing hazelnuts is possible both on slopes and on flat areas. Optimal for the bush fit places protected from strong gusts of wind, with high humidity.

To calculate how much space is needed for a mature bush, take into account the fertility of the land on the site. The richer the soil with minerals, the larger the hazelnut bush will grow. If there are limestone deposits in the soil, then such land is unsuitable for its cultivation.

The soil for planting a nut is plowed up in autumn to a depth of up to 18 cm. During the growing season, weed removal and slight loosening of the earth are required several times over the entire period to a depth of 10 cm.

The best time for planting is autumn. To grow hazelnut gardens, the ground must be intensively loosened to a depth of 30-40 cm. If you plan to plant hazelnuts in the fall, then you need to loosen in the spring, and vice versa. For the fastest receipt harvest, it is recommended to make fertilizer pits every year, in which you can bury compost, cow dung, and add phosphorus-potassium fertilizers to the soil.

Basically, the cultivation of hazelnuts occurs through planting seedlings. The distance between the trees should be 5-6 m. But when a fence in the form of a walnut grove is planned, the distance should be reduced to 2-3 m. A cubic pit is dug for planting, with a side of about 60-70 cm.

Landing sequence:

make a mound in the center of the bottom of the hole,
process the seedling in a clay solution,
place the roots on the mound,
covered with soil
tamp the soil
make a hole for watering,
fall asleep with sawdust or grass,
at a height of 15-20 cm above the ground, a seedling is cut,
tie the seedling to the support.

When planting, you need to water each plant at the rate of 20 liters per tree, and in dry periods - an additional 10 liters each.

What does a growing hazelnut look like?

Hazelnut flowers are cross-pollinated. Therefore, in order to have a high yield, you need to plant several different varieties of shrubs. One variety gives a very small yield. To see how hazelnuts grow, the photo on our website will help.

Hazelnut fruits appear after 4-5 years. In large industrial gardens, the yield reaches 10-60 centners per 1 ha. You need to collect the fruits before they fall out of the shell, at the end of August. The branches of the bush are flexible, for picking nuts they can be bent with a hook and it is not necessary to use a ladder.

Periodically, the hazelnut bush needs to be cut. In order to properly form the crown, extra shoots are cut out in the middle of the bush, and the side shoots are bent to the sides and strengthened in desired position. So the plant is more illuminated and ventilated. It is necessary to start the formation before the appearance of the first harvest in 3-4 years.

Subsequently, pruning of branches and shoots is needed to thin out the bush, remove damaged branches. The second pruning occurs at 5-6 years. After 15-20 years, the hazelnut bush needs to be rejuvenated so that the crop remains the same. 2-3 old branches are removed every year for 2-3 years. Branch pruning is best late autumn or in winter. If the bush is rejuvenated correctly and periodically, then hazelnuts will bring a crop of up to 180 years.

Propagation occurs through division of the bush, root seedlings, grafting or seeds. In addition to the cultivation of hazelnuts in the form of a bush, in Europe and the USA they practice the cultivation of standard trees. Hazelnut cuttings or eyes are grafted onto a tree-like hazel. AT industrial cultivation standard trees are convenient for mechanical harvesting and give a higher yield. On a private plot, standard nuts will save space.

Varieties of hazelnuts for growing in the garden:

Cosford is a hazelnut whose photo shows its beauty and strength. The variety is resistant to diseases, bears fruit abundantly, vigorous, ripens at the end of August.
Early Trapezoidal - thin shell, pointed nut, ripen in July, does not bear fruit alone, a bush of a normal size.
Roman - large fruits grooved, high kernel oiliness, disease resistant, vigorous bush, regularly yields when dusted.
Almond - the fruit is light, the kernel tastes like almonds, the bush grows moderately, ripens in mid-August.

How to grow a bush from a walnut

If you want to quickly and easily grow a bush on your site, it will be useful for you short instruction how to plant a hazelnut from a walnut:

take ripe high-quality nuts;
plant more after harvest;
invest seeds to a depth of 7-8 cm;
regularly remove weeds and water;
in a year, the seedling should grow 15 cm high - then it can be transplanted to a permanent place;
if this height is not reached, wait another year;
before transplanting, put a bucket of fertilizer in the hole.

Before growing a hazelnut from a nut, keep in mind that it may lose the properties of its variety. When the bush is already strong, you need to inoculate varietal hazelnuts.

Elena
Good afternoon,
Tell me, please, if I want to grow a bush from a nut, the nut should be planted in the ground in a shell (like a walnut) or peeled (its edible part).
Svetlana
In a shell, of course!
Lana
Hello! At acquaintances, hazelnuts and hazel grow and bear fruit. Seedlings grew from the fallen nuts. Dug up and planted. All three survived. One with red and two bushes with green leaves. They are already two meters high + five years old. Only I have and even before the transplant two, three years. But they haven't bloomed yet. what are you like?
Valentin Mikhailovich
where can I buy a ready-made hazelnut seedling and when?
Jeanne
Hello. Please tell me, after planting a nut, does it need to be watered? If yes, how often?
vladimir
The nut is divided into male (empty) and female (fruitful)?
Alexei
Tell me what to do? My nuts are empty inside. What is the reason?
Lena
I want to buy 2 seedlings of grafted hazelnuts

Growing hazelnuts is interesting for every summer resident who wants to get such tasty and healthy nuts in his area. It is easy to become the owner of this crop if you follow all the rules and recommendations for growing it.

How to choose planting material?

To plant hazel, you need to give preference to exclusively ripened nuts. It is recommended to collect seeds in late September - early October. Good nuts do not show any damage. In addition, hazelnuts should not emit a musty smell. If there is such an aroma, it means that the nuts are not suitable for growing. Special attention this rule is required if the gardener is going to plant bushes in the nursery.

If you decide to buy seedlings, then you need to know the main differences between hazelnuts and the hazel that grows in the forest. Experts recommend giving preference to planting material that has purple leaves. In addition, it is better to refrain from buying seedlings grown from seeds. The best option- layering. To distinguish them, you need to carefully examine the root, and if it is fibrous, then you can, without hesitation, buy such a seedling.

Optimal location and preparation for landing

It is recommended to plant hazel in autumn (early September - first half of October). If during this period of time it was not possible to plant, then it can be transferred to early spring (the period from the moment when the soil has already thawed until the second half of April).

The area where hazelnuts will be planted is also of great importance. It is best to choose a place that is well lit by sunlight. Hazel prefers loose, fertile, slightly acidic or neutral soil. Bushes categorically do not tolerate sandy, swampy and saline soil. Groundwater should lie in the chosen place, but not higher than 1.5 m. Both flat areas and slopes are suitable for shrubs. Experts recommend avoiding high places on the south side, as they are dry, and this leads to the fact that the plants bloom earlier and can be damaged by frost.

Before planting a hazelnut, it is necessary to stratify the seeds for 3-4 months. To perform this procedure, you should prepare a wooden box and pour sand (preferably wet) into it. Before starting these manipulations, it is required to keep the seeds in water for 3-5 days. Holes must be made in the containers so that oxygen enters there. Sand should not freeze, but you should not bring it to heating more than 10 ° C.

During stratification, it is recommended to mix the sand with planting material. If sowing is carried out in spring period, then the stratification is carried out in peat or sawdust. The temperature in this case should be 3-5 ° C. Such a procedure is necessary for the spring germination of hazel to occur.

Secrets of self-growing "Japanese gladiolus"

Planting process

Before planting hazelnuts, you need to decide on the method chosen for this. There are several methods by which hazel can be propagated:

division of the bush;
seed use;
offspring;
graft.

by the most in a simple way considered the use of seeds. They are planted in open ground or in a container. How to grow hazelnuts from nuts? To do this, it is necessary to place it in the ground to a depth of 5 cm. It should be borne in mind that there should be a distance of about 8 cm between plants. It is recommended to retreat from each row by 15-17 cm. Upon completion of planting, it is required to mulch the soil with peat chips or humus. If the soil on the site is highly acidic, then it must be additionally treated with lime (500 g of the substance is needed per 1 m²). The optimal solution is to carry out such a process 1 year before planting. Otherwise, the bush will not take root. The earth must be dug up and all weeds removed.

Exactly because of this reason experienced gardeners It is recommended to prepare pits for planting in advance. They should be 70x70x70 cm in size and dug 1.5 months earlier before the upcoming manipulations. It is required to add 12 kg of humus, 250 g of double superphosphate and 60 g of potassium sulfate to the pits. Then all fertilizers must be thoroughly mixed with the ground.

AT spring time seedlings may be negligible if there was unsuccessful stratification. You should not worry about this, because during the winter this process will be completed, and the plants will appear on the surface of the earth. To get hazelnuts in your garden, you can use the division method. To carry out such a process, it is required to cut the excavated bush into 3-4 parts with a shovel. Each seedling should have a stump with a root system of 15 cm. After that, you need to place the plants in a hole.

Whatever method of reproduction you choose, you must remember that hazelnuts are not planted for 1 year. The crown of the bushes will grow, so you need to leave the proper distance between them. If the crop is planted as a hedge, it is recommended to reduce the area between the hazel. It is very important that at least 3 bushes of different varieties be placed on the site. This will contribute to high yields. by the most the best views hazelnuts are considered:

Kudryavchik;
Circassian;
Ata Baba;
Firstborn.

Proper planting of hazelnuts is the key to a high yield.

Hazel care

In order for the hazelnut bush to grow in the country, it needs to be given proper care. To do this, you need to regularly loosen the soil in the near-stem circles (depth 10-15 cm). With this procedure, it is very important to remove weeds in a timely manner, to carry out mulching with sawdust and dry grass.

Irrigation of hazel is of great importance. Usually hazel needs moisture only during severe drought. But experts recommend additional irrigation in autumn period(300 liters for each bush). If the summer turned out to be extremely dry, then it is necessary to irrigate 800-1000 liters per plant.

It is also equally important to periodically feed the culture. To do this, you can use organic fertilizers. Quite often, humus is used to enrich the soil, which is applied 1 time in 2 years. Under each bush you will need 5 kg of this top dressing. You can significantly increase the yield with the help of urea or ammonium nitrate (100 g per 1 plant). This enrichment is carried out in early spring or early summer. In addition, 2 times a year you need to make complex top dressing.

Another milestone in care - pruning. This process is carried out in late autumn, it is necessary not only to form a crown, but also to obtain the right amount light during the ripening period of nuts. Hazel should be in perfect shape until the moment when she is 4 years old. To properly carry out this process, it is required to cut unnecessary shoots in the middle of the bush. Lateral branches should be bent to the sides and secured in a similar position with wire. Thanks to this, the shrub will be well ventilated and illuminated. Usually 6-7 trunks are formed, which will become the basis of the culture.

Subsequent pruning includes removing excess root shoots, getting rid of broken and weak shoots. When the bush sprouts for more than 10 years, you will need to perform anti-aging pruning. To make it, it is necessary to remove several trunks on each crop, trying to cut them as low as possible.

Aktar;
Engio;
Calypso.

Did you know that the most high-calorie of all nuts is HAZELNUT? The kernels of these nuts contain 65-72% high-quality oil, 16-21% protein, 3.5% sugar, vitamins B and B, and minerals. The nuclei have good taste. They are eaten raw, dried, fried. A decoction of the leaves is drunk with prostatic hypertrophy, nuts are used for urolithiasis. In addition, hazelnuts are used to fix slopes, and red-leaved forms are used for decorative purposes. It looks especially good in solitary plantings. If the area allows, plant only one plant with purple leaves in the center of the lawn, and it will look great. All these advantages explain the growing interest of gardeners in such a plant as hazelnuts, its cultivation is available to everyone, and it brings considerable benefits.

Hazelnut or hazel is an early flowering plant. In the middle or in the second half of April, when the snow has not yet melted and the leaves on the trees have not yet blossomed, the hazel is in a hurry to bloom: the earrings of the male flowers are stretched, loosened, and clouds of pollen are easily carried by the wind from one bush to another. For normal fruiting, hazel needs cross-pollination, so two or three bushes should be planted on the site.

Seedlings bloom for 5-7 years, seedlings - for 3-4 years. The fruit of the nut is round or elongated in shape with a hard shell, covered on top with a cup (wrapper) of fused covert leaves. The fruits ripen in September and easily fall out of the cup. Hazel lays flower buds annually, but due to unfavorable conditions, it bears fruit periodically. The yield of dry nuts ranges from 0.5 to 3 kg per bush. Biggest Harvest gives at the age of 10-15 years. Bush stems live 25-40 years.

What hazelnuts love

Hazel is resistant to low temperatures. In the north, it can withstand frosts down to -50°C. And even if it freezes, it quickly recovers over the next two years.

The cultural form of hazel adapts well to growing conditions. It is shade tolerant, but grows better and bears fruit in sufficient light. With too much shading, drying of young branches and a sharp decrease in yield are observed. It grows well on sufficiently moist gray forest soils with low or neutral acidity, responds to the content of lime in the soil. If the soil is acidic and podzolic, then a year before planting or before it, lime is added at the rate of 500 g per 1 m2. The earth is dug up for one and a half bayonet spades. Then make holes 60x50 cm, filling them top layer soil. At the same time, fertilizers are applied (200 g of superphosphate, 50 g of potassium salt), covering them in the upper and middle layers. Autumn - the best time landing. On the garden plot hazel bushes can be placed near the utility block, on the shady side of the house or at the entrance to the site, or they can be planted instead of a hedge along the edge of the site. Since planting hazelnuts is not so difficult, more and more often summer residents acquire this useful plant.

We plant and care for seedlings correctly

How to plant hazelnuts correctly? Planting is carried out with 2-year-old seedlings, preferably with a clod of earth. Plants are watered, and when the water is absorbed, the holes are mulched with peat or humus. Scheme of placement of seedlings 5x4 or 4x4 m.

To enhance the growth of basal branches and further formation of the bush, the aerial part of the seedlings after planting is cut at a height of 25 cm from the soil surface. The first 5-6 years between the bushes you can grow vegetables, gourds or strawberries. When the hazel bears fruit, after closing the bushes, the soil is kept under natural turfing, but the grass is necessarily mowed. At first, the soil is systematically loosened to a depth of 5–7 cm, mulched with mowed grass, and dug up by 10–15 cm before winter.

The root system of hazel is well developed, has a large number of small branches. It is located superficially, but individual roots penetrate the soil to a depth of 1–1.5 m. soil taken in the forest from under its bushes.

Better to use in the garden complex fertilizers(nitrophoska) on young plantations up to 5-6 years old at the rate of 30-40 g, on fruit-bearing plants - up to 100 g per 1 mg. Organics are applied once a

2-3 years at the rate of 10 kg per 1 m2. Feeding with 0.5% concentration of urea is desirable during fruit set and ovary growth. Watering for a nut is required only in dry years. Then water 3-4 times. The first time immediately after flowering, the second - in June, the third in July during the filling of the core, the fourth watering - moisture-charging - after leaf fall.

plant formation

Many people know how to grow hazelnuts, but how to form it correctly? Fruiting bushes should have 8-10 stems evenly spaced at the base. Thickening and shading shoots and branches, as well as broken, weak and underdeveloped ones, are removed in a timely manner. When pruning and shaping bushes, you need to be especially careful to ensure that each branch is well lit. And they start with thinning for 3-5 years after planting. On bushes, properly formed at a young age, further cutting consists in the annual removal of stumps, dry and mechanically damaged trunks and branches. On fruit-bearing bushes, annual shoots cannot be shortened, since it is on them that the crop is formed.

After 20-25 years of age, the bushes rejuvenate, removing 2-3 trunks annually and leaving 2-3 young shoots instead. This has been done continuously for several years.

The nuts are harvested in September, when they become light brown in color and begin to fall out of the bag. The harvested nuts are dried. For this they are spread thin layer in a well ventilated area and stirred frequently.

The main pests of hazel - walnut weevil, soil mites, caterpillars, aphids, scale insects - settling on soils, leaves, flowers and fruits, weaken plants, delaying their growth and reducing yields. Bushes, protecting from them, are sprayed with Inta-Vir.

The first time before the buds open, the second - after the leaves open. Against fungal diseases of the core, colloidal sulfur is treated at a concentration of 1.5-2%.

Hazelnut propagation

It is possible to propagate hazel by seeds, layering and root shoots. For propagation by seeds, nuts are collected from the best bushes, sown in autumn or spring. Autumn sowing is carried out at the end of September on a well-harvested and loose bed. Planting depth 4-6 cm, distance between rows 20 cm. running meter rows are sown from 40 to 50 nuts. The rows are mulched with humus. For spring sowing nuts must be stratified within 3-4 months. To do this, they are mixed with sand, peat or sawdust and kept until sowing in snow or a basement with a temperature of + 1 ... - 5 ° C. Before placing the seeds in the basement, they are kept for two weeks at a temperature of + 18-22 ° C. Stratified seeds are sown in the ground in early May. Shoots appear together. Cotyledons are not brought to the surface and remain in the soil. Care of seedlings consists in loosening the soil and systematic watering and removal of weeds. Annual seedlings by autumn reach a height of 20-30 cm, sometimes up to 80 cm. Seedlings are planted in a permanent place at the age of 2.

To obtain layering, annual branches are placed in shallow grooves in the spring and pinned to the soil with hooks. The top of a branch 10-15 cm long is vertically tied to a peg. When shoots begin to grow from the buds of the pinned branch, they are spudded. Hazel cuttings take root slowly. To speed up root formation, the bases of the growing shoots are pulled over with two or three rings of soft wire. Rooted layers are separated from the mother bushes and grown for another year.

Root growth occurs in the zone of the root collar or not far from it. At the base of the root shoots, several branched roots form. Such shoots in the spring are carefully separated from the mother bushes and transferred to a new landing site. In order to encourage the growth of annual shoots, cut down part of the bush. For amateur gardeners, this is the most acceptable option, since it is easiest to grow hazelnuts from shoots.

For the winter, the skeletal branches of the hazel are bent to the ground. This will protect men's earrings from freezing. With the onset of winter, the branches are covered with snow, and in the spring, after it melts, they lift.