What fruits can not be eaten with urolithiasis. Diet for urolithiasis

Kidney stones are common, but unfortunately not easy to treat. Fortunately, you can gradually get rid of this disease with the help of properly selected nutrition.

The following material will focus on a special diet designed to treat the body by removing kidney stones. We will learn more about the principles of nutrition and the approximate menu for the week below.

diet for kidney stones

In order to save your body from suffering in the form of such a difficult disease as kidney stones as soon as possible, it is strongly recommended to change the diet. In this case, proper nutrition means exclusion of the following products:

• black and wheat bread;
• muffin;
• fatty foods;
• salt;
• smoked meats;
• radish, celery;
• alcohol;
• products containing caffeine.

The above products contribute to the occurrence of pain in the kidney area. Therefore, replace them recommended on lighter foods, in the form of the following products:

• vegetarian soups;
• bran;
• chicken, veal and rabbit meat;
• eggs, in the form of omelettes;
• buckwheat, barley and millet groats;
• all kinds of fruits;
• herbal infusions and decoctions.

The principles of proper nutrition

Perhaps the most main principle compliance with the above diets- Drinking large amounts of liquid. The recommended daily allowance is three liters. The need for the above action is due to the fact that in the presence of such a disease as kidney stones, the water balance in the body is disturbed.

Proper nutrition for kidney stones involves the following: mandatory rules:

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• drink 200 - 400 ml of pure water without gas before each meal;
• five meals a day are recommended;
• last meal - 3 hours before bedtime;
• the following types of liquid are allowed: juice, tea, coffee, compotes and jelly;
• most of the menu should consist of fermented milk products: kefir, cottage cheese, sour cream.

Kidney stones are divided into oxalate, urate and phosphate. Of course, for each of the above types of diseases, it is necessary to choose an individual therapeutic diet. We'll talk about this in more detail in the following paragraphs, but for now, let's get acquainted with the classic menu for the week.

Classic menu for the week

Treatment menu for kidney stones for a week as follows:

Monday

• Breakfast: 250 g of cottage cheese and tea;
• Lunch: stewed zucchini, a glass of kefir;
• Dinner: buckwheat porridge, cherry jelly.

Tuesday

• diet bread, fat-free sour cream;
• millet porridge, milk;
• 2-3 roasted peppers

Wednesday

• cream cheese toast, unsweetened black tea with lemon;
• buckwheat soup with herbs;
• salad of fresh vegetables and herbs.

Thursday

• oatmeal, coffee with cream;
• stew of lean chicken and tomatoes;
• baked trout, fat-free kefir.

Friday

• fruit smoothie;
• low-fat fish cakes, cucumbers and tomatoes;
• broccoli and zucchini soup.

Saturday

• omelet from two eggs for a couple, carrot juice;
• buckwheat, fermented baked milk;
• cottage cheese with raisins, a cup of green tea.

Sunday

• boiled egg, pineapple juice;
• baked cod, apple compote;
• stewed peppers with onions and tomatoes.

Treatment and nutrition for oxalate stones

Diet for oxalate kidney stones exclusion from the diet of foods containing oxalic acid:

• fatty meat, fish and broths based on them;
• canned foods;
• smoked meats;
• lettuce, sorrel, spinach, beets, lentils, radish, Brussels sprouts;
• fried potatoes;
• all types of mushrooms;
• cranberries, strawberries, gooseberries, currants;
• tomato juice, kvass and strong hot drinks.

When treating, replace the above on the the following products:

• vegetable soups;
• cucumbers, cauliflower and white cabbage;
• boiled potatoes;
• pears, apples, watermelon, melon, peaches, apricots;
• berry and fruit juices.

In the presence of oxalate kidney stones, a daily intake of two grams of magnesium carbonate is highly recommended.

Approximate menu for the day for the treatment of the above disease is as follows:

• Breakfast: cabbage and cucumber salad, orange juice;
• Lunch: cabbage and zucchini soup;
• Dinner: fruit salad.

Diet for urate stones

The diet for urate kidney stones is exclusion from the diet sour milk, and foods containing calcium and purines:

• yogurt, cheese, milk;
• canned fish;
• pate;
• salt;
• smoked meats;
• sorrel, spinach, beans, asparagus.

Approved for use:

• cereals: buckwheat, millet, barley;
• flour products;
• mushrooms;
• fruit;
• berries;
• pumpkin, carrots, cucumbers, cauliflower and white cabbage.

Based on the above list of acceptable foods, menu for the treatment of this kidney disease can be composed as follows:

First option

• Breakfast: fruit salad, green tea;
• Lunch: buckwheat soup, a slice of white bread;
• Dinner: 250 g stewed champignons with herbs.

Second

• fruit puree, carrot juice;
• stewed cabbage with zucchini;
• buckwheat porridge.

What can you eat with phosphate stones?

Diet for phosphate kidney stones refusal from dairy products, canned food and spices. Vegetables and fruits allowed food in limited quantities.

Most Helpful in the treatment of this disease, products:

• fish: tuna, cod, perch, trout;
• meat: chicken, beef, turkey, rabbit;
• mushrooms: boletus, champignons;
• vegetable and butter;
• rosehip decoction.

We present to you several options for treatment menus for the day with this kidney disease.

One of the main ways of treatment and prevention is the right diet.

It is equally useful for both men and women to follow a balanced and vitamin-rich diet, because the appearance of stones does not depend on the gender and age of the patient.

Blame it all disturbed metabolism and, as a result, an increased concentration of salts and acids in the blood and organs of the digestive system.

Why is a diet needed?

Urolithiasis responds well to the means of modern medicine. There are complexes of medicines that, together with physiotherapy, help in the treatment of certain types of stones.

In more complex cases, doctors may resort to instrumental and surgical intervention. These procedures are widely used and virtually painless.

But, think about it, do you feel like going under the knife or putting stress on your liver by consuming different foods over the course of several months? Or is it much easier to prevent a disease than to treat it? In this case, diet cannot be avoided if you have already treated urolithiasis, because the risk of relapse is very high.

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General principles and effectiveness

The effectiveness of proper nutrition, in the first place, will depend on choosing the right diet exactly in your case.

If you experience pain in the lumbar region and other symptoms of urolithiasis, you should visit a urologist.

The doctor will prescribe all the necessary procedures and procedures to establish the area in which the stones are located and their composition. The composition is main factor choosing the right menu.

In addition to nutrition, it is necessary to maintain healthy lifestyle:

Outdoor activities are also essential. All these factors help the body to cope with the disease faster and enhance the effect of the diet.

How to get rid of sand and kidney stones with folk remedies, read our article.

There are two main principles of a good diet for any kidney stone:

• It is necessary to drink a large amount of liquid, and it is not so important which one: water, decoctions, juices - everything is good, which is not harmful. 2 liters per day will be enough to remove excess salts and ions from your body.
• Balance and its energy value are important. It is necessary to restore the level of vitamins and nutrients that are lacking, and then maintain the body in this state to prevent relapses.
• It is helpful to reduce the intake of salty and spicy foods.

Unfortunately, the effectiveness of the diet depends. With oxalate and phosphate formations in the ureters and kidneys, proper nutrition is only preventive in nature, but does not contribute to their destruction.

If you have already visited a doctor and know what exactly causes unpleasant things in your body, you can proceed to choosing the right diet.

In men and women, the causes of urolithiasis are the same factors. Treatment is also the same, whether it be medications or surgery.

And diet, in this case, is no exception. The only thing to pay attention to is pregnancy. Proper nutrition for urolithiasis is useful for all people in view of its balance.

But, if, during gestation, hormonal changes affect the intolerance of certain products, this should be discussed with a nutritionist and the diet should be adjusted to the individual characteristics of your body.

Now let's move on to the important part and figure out what you can eat and what you can't, depending from the chemical composition of stones.

Urats

They appear as a result of high concentrations of uric acid. Necessary limit the amount of purine in consumed products.

Most of this substance is found in:

• meat of young animals;
• brains, cartilage, tongue and other offal;
• legume family;
• some fish;
• mushrooms.

You can eat in unlimited quantities:

For acidity reduction and prevent the crystallization of uric acid, you can use alkaline drinks - mineral water, lemonade.

As mentioned above, some of these foods can cause food allergies and intolerances, especially during pregnancy. The diet must be adjusted to suit your body and its characteristics.

oxalate stones

The main factor in the formation of these stones is oxalic acid. Its excess means a lack of B vitamins and calcium. The intestine is responsible for the combination of calcium with oxalates. If there is not enough calcium, then the acid moves on, forming kidney stones.

Products that should be excluded:

• wheat bran;
• rhubarb;
• beet;
• cocoa containing products;
• lettuce, parsley and spinach;
• gelatin;
• products containing ascorbic acid as a preservative;
• sour and citrus fruits.

You can eat, but be careful:

insoluble fiber lowers calcium levels in the body, excreting it through the intestines and not the kidneys. It is necessary to control its consumption.

Not limited to:

• potatoes;
• pumpkin;
• milk and dairy products;
• cabbage;
• bananas;
• watermelon.

Any foods containing vitamin B6 and calcium are useful, most often these are cereals and nuts. Additional drinking may include decoctions of violet roots and birch leaves.

Phosphates

The alkaline environment contributes to their appearance, excess vitamin D and problems with the absorption of calcium salts. It is better to remove the following foods from the diet:

Limit consumption:

• dairy products and cottage cheese;
• most fruits and vegetables other than those listed below;
• bakery products.

• sour berries;
• fish and meat in moderation;
• pumpkin;
• asparagus;
• apples;
• Brussels sprouts.

With this diet, vitamins A, C and foods rich in fiber are additionally prescribed. Teas from currant leaves well contribute to the removal of phosphates from the body.

In conclusion, we can say that dieting is not an easy undertaking. But it is necessary that stones, like weeds in a vegetable garden, did not appear again and again.

The correct diet can only be compiled by a doctor, based on tests and examination of your body. Do not try to treat yourself with a diet without knowing the chemical composition of the stones.

Perhaps the matter will not be limited to a diet and you will have to take more drastic measures, but that's a completely different story.

Find out what is allowed for urolithiasis from the video:

Good afternoon, dear readers! Nowadays, more and more people suffer from urolithiasis. Doctors explain this phenomenon with the deterioration of the global environmental situation and with the poor quality of the water we drink. Heavy metals, which are found in water, food and air, accumulate in our body and cause diseases of this kind.

What are urate stones and why do they form?

Urate kidney stones are a special type of urolithiasis. Sometimes urate stones provoke complications in the human body, so we should be careful and follow a special diet to dissolve urate stones.

With uraturia, uric acid accumulates in the body. It begins its decomposition in the urinary organs, forming sand or small stones. Such stones can be found not only in the kidneys, but also in the bladder and ureters.

Reasons for the formation of urate stone

• Wrong metabolism.
• Genetic predisposition, in other words, heredity.
• Eating sour, spicy foods.
• Sedentary lifestyle.
• Diseases of the esophagus or urinary tract.
• Poor blood supply to the kidney.
• Violation of the volume of fluid in the body.

The volume of fluid is disturbed in case of its excessive loss: at high temperature, vomiting or excessive physical exertion.

It should be noted the peculiarity of the formation of urates in the kidneys with excessive and unbalanced eating:

• fried meat, broths on meat
• canned fish
• legumes
• tomatoes
• alcohol
• chocolate

The reason for the formation of urates can also be forced starvation.

When urates are formed in the kidneys or urinary tract, uric acid accumulates in the body in excess, the formation of which is facilitated by purine substances in foods. In the diet, limit the intake of foods rich in purines, such as meat, organ meats, fish, as well as mushrooms and legumes.

Urates, kidney urate stones, can appear at any age in both the male and female body. For prevention, it is worth adhering to a balanced diet and leading a healthy lifestyle.

Treatment of urate kidney stones

Often, uric acid stones are the result of malnutrition, so you need to balance your diet during treatment. With proper treatment, urate stones dissolve easily in our body, but do not delay with it - sometimes stones cause complications.

The course of treatment depends on factors such as the size of the stone, its location in the body. If the stone that appears is small in size, then the treatment will consist in a strict diet and taking the necessary medications. Also, your doctor may advise diuretic herbal preparations and exercise therapy. In especially difficult cases, you will be cured in an operative way.

During the cleansing of the body from urates, we need to do the following:

1. Increase the volume of water in the body.
2. To achieve alkalization of urine in order to remove stones from the kidneys.
3. Reduce consumption of foods that promote the formation of urate.

To achieve all three goals, I want to offer you, dear readers, the most optimal option - a special diet against kidney stones. It is this mode that will facilitate the work of the urinary tract, properly normalize the metabolism and prevent the new appearance of urates in the kidneys.

Diet principles for dissolving uric acid kidney stones

1. Keep track of your calorie intake. The norm per day rises to 2800 kilocalories.
2. Carbohydrates are allowed to consume the most - four hundred grams. Proteins can be consumed in the amount of 70-80 grams, fat - no more than 90 grams.
3. You need to adhere to the following diet: 5 meals a day with the exclusion of too cold dishes from the diet.
4. It is useful to arrange - fruit, dairy, vegetable.

Allowed foods during the diet against urate stones

• sweet fruits and berries
• milk products
• from vegetables: eggplant, potatoes, bell peppers, pumpkin, cucumbers, cauliflower, zucchini
• watermelons
• pasta
• rye bread, white wheat bread
• buckwheat, wheat porridge
• citrus
• eggs with yolks removed (no more than 1 yolk allowed per day)
• jam, jelly and compotes
• honey, marshmallow, marmalade
• Tea with lemon

From fruits I recommend eating more apples, pears, grapes, from berries - watermelons. It is these products that contribute to the alkalization of urine.

During this regimen, it is necessary to drink about 2-3 liters of fluid daily.

Citrus products can be eaten when oxalates are not observed in the urine. If they are present in the urine test, then limited consumption of oranges is allowed. Also, you should limit your consumption of potatoes.

Forbidden foods during the diet against urate stones

• organ meats and juvenile meat
• broths of all varieties: from meat, mushrooms and fish
• smoked meats and pickles
• from vegetables: leaf lettuce, parsley, green onion, sorrel
• from fruits: Antonov apples, cranberries, lingonberries and other fruits with high acidity
• legumes
• flour
• alcohol
• cocoa, chocolate, coffee, sweet
• It is necessary to limit salt in consumption and observe its norm for the day.

Thus, in case of urolithiasis, accompanied by the formation of stones from uric acid salts (urates), diet No. 6 can be recommended, i.e. the same as for gout.

Features of cooking with a diet against urate stones

Despite the diet, absolutely everyone always wants to treat themselves to a piece of freshly cooked delicious meat. In this case, you can afford it. I want to tell you about the foods, features and principles of cooking meat that should be followed when dieting against urates in the kidneys.

As I wrote above, urate stones are formed due to uric acid salts, the formation of which is facilitated by special substances - purines. The largest amount of purines is found in meat, fish, mushrooms, offal: liver, kidneys, lungs. When these products are cooked, most of these substances are digested and remain in the broth. Therefore, any meat broths are categorically contraindicated. And meat is allowed only in boiled form or steamed.

1. Soak the meat in the salt solution for about three hours before cooking.
2. Cook the first courses on a vegetable broth, the meat can be cooked separately and put on a plate when serving.
3. Place meat immediately into boiling water.

The main folk remedies in the fight against urates

It is very useful for a person suffering from kidney stones to eat foods such as freshly squeezed carrot juices and radishes with honey. They accompany the removal of a stone from the kidney.

The correct menu for a diet against urates.

Which doctor should be consulted?

If you want to consult about the necessary medications, then you should go to a nephrologist. If you decide to consult a specialist about a diet that you should follow, discuss allowed foods, go to a nutritionist.

Successful treatment of nephrolithiasis is unthinkable without diet therapy. Let's try to figure out what you can eat with kidney stones, and which of the edibles it is advisable to refuse. We will select an individual set of products, taking into account the age and gender differences of patients. Let's discuss what food preferences will help to avoid urolithiasis.

One of the reasons for the occurrence and accumulation of minerals in the internal organs is a metabolic disorder. The composition of food affects the structure and specific gravity of urine. A kidney stone diet can slow down the process of stone formation or aggravate the disease by causing an exacerbation. Therefore, with the slightest tendency to stone formation, in no case should the advice of a nutritionist be neglected.

Rules for compiling a diet for urolithiasis

Until recently, doctors prescribed a certain dietary table according to Pevzner to the patient - an approximate menu for a person with a specific disease. The data of recent scientific studies have radically changed approaches to the concept of rational therapeutic nutrition, the assessment of the benefits and harms for the body of individual dishes. The principles of individual selection of products have also undergone metamorphoses, taking into account age, gender, and clinical features of nosology.

All the main secrets of proper nutrition for kidney stones:

It's important to know! If earlier the installation was made to prohibit the use of specific chemicals, then modern dietology is designed to answer the question - what can you eat with kidney stones, taking into account the nutritional wishes of the patient.

Indications for a therapeutic diet

Medical nutrition, along with pharmacotherapy and surgical methods, is a component of treatment. There is no universal diet recipe. The composition of the products is selected strictly individually, taking into account the characteristics of the course of the disease. Not only the detection of a stone, but also the presence of salts in the urine test is an indication for resolving the issue of prescribing ditotherapy.

Culinary processing and meal plan

The main secret of nutrition with kidney stones is not what you can eat, but how to cook food properly. Food should be useful and enjoyable. It is important to exclude fried, smoked foods. Cooking meat soups needs the first broth after boiling to be drained. The use of meat, poultry, fish is allowed after preliminary boiling - in this case, part of the extractives passes into a decoction.

Patients often ask if it is okay to eat canned foods. When homemade, care should be taken that there is no excess salt and spices. In this case, a patient with urolithiasis can add them to their diet.

During the remission period, a person must adapt to the work schedule. You need to eat after about 4 hours. It is best to stock up on food at home, use a thermos for transportation. Plan your daily routine so that you have dinner 2 hours before a night's sleep.

Fluid intake rates

The diet of a patient with nephrolithiasis with preserved kidney function involves an increase in the amount of fluid (at least 2-3 liters per day). The average volume of water needed for the body is calculated by the formula:

• for the stronger sex - body weight must be multiplied by 35;
• for the beautiful half of humanity - at 31.

This amount of water helps to reduce the concentration of urine, the dissolution of salts. Some experts are skeptical about this recommendation, arguing that you need to drink enough to completely quench your thirst.

Attention! You should pay attention to the composition of the drink. The use of drinks with a high content of minerals can aggravate the disease and cause an attack of renal colic. The issue of limiting fluid intake is decided individually and depends on the patient's condition.

Daily Intake of Important Elements for Kidney Stones

The correct diet of the patient should contain all the necessary substances to ensure normal life. Together with the attending physician, it is important to choose the optimal menu so that the diet for kidney stones compensates for energy costs from 1800 kcal per day, for an overweight person - up to 2400 kcal, if the patient is a man with an average weight of up to 70 kg.

Protein is the main plastic material, without which the work of the immune, nervous, endocrine systems, growth and differentiation of tissues is impossible. The optimal amount of daily protein intake corresponds to one gram per 1 kg of muscle mass. Sometimes excess protein is the cause of the formation of stones. Based on the individual characteristics of the patient, it is possible to replace animal proteins with vegetable ones.

A carbohydrate-free diet helps to reduce body weight, which has a positive effect on the course of urolithiasis. But it's important to remember that carbohydrates provide energy. Therefore, a patient who has a kidney stone should reduce their intake of fructose to 25 mg per day, and replace easily digestible carbohydrates with fiber.

Acceptable Foods and Foods to Avoid

The task of conservative treatment of urolithiasis is to limit the formation of sediment from salts and, if possible, crush or dissolve stone conglomerates. Eating should be done in a way that promotes this goal.

By comparison, we will try to clarify the difference between harm and benefit.

List of dishes and products	Recommended	What not to eat with kidney stones
Soups, borscht	Draining the first broth after boiling. Avoid adding fried onions and carrots, spices.	Use for cooking meat, poultry, slave with excess fat. Add too much salt during cooking.
Vegetable and fruit dishes	Boiled or dried fruits.	Freshly prepared juices and fresh juices.
groceries	Wholemeal bread made from rye flour.	Butter buns, cakes with the addition of dyes and preservatives.
Milk products	Low-fat cottage cheese, diet yoghurts	Spicy cheese, high-fat sour cream.

Different stones - different diet

An individual diet for each patient with urolithiasis is selected taking into account the chemical composition of the deposits. Clinical manifestations are the same, but the causes, pathogenesis and treatment methods are different.

Nephrologists distinguish the following types of urolithiasis:

Other types are much less common - cholesterol deposits, xanthine, protein stones. Without a preliminary examination and clarification of the type of stones, it is impossible to draw up an optimal menu. In most cases, it is possible to establish the chemical nature of urine, to choose a suitable diet for the patient.

Healthy nutrition for men and women: features

It is statistically significant that the male kidney is more vulnerable to the formation of stones, however, a woman suffers from pain in nephrolithiasis much more often. Scientists explain this phenomenon by hormonal and anatomical differences in the structure of the urethra.

It's important to know! Representatives of both sexes are more likely to face the problem at working age. The diet for kidney stones in men does not have any differences. The determining factor is the chemical composition of the sediment. The only thing in which the man turned out to be “lucky” is that staghorn lithiasis and cholesterol stones are more often found in women.

Diet for children

If twenty years ago the case of urolithiasis in a child was considered casuistry, then in recent years the number of children and adolescents suffering from this pathology has increased. Pediatricians attribute this to the use of fast foods, carbonated drinks, and a decrease in physical activity. The presence of salts in the general analysis of urine in childhood requires the immediate appointment of an appropriate diet from natural products.

Sample menu for the week

It is almost impossible to make a universal menu for a week for patients with urolithiasis. But adhering to the following recommendations, the patient can choose the appropriate dishes, taking into account personal preferences and features of the etiology and pathogenesis of the formation of calculi:

Day of the week / meal time	07.00	10.30	13.00	16.00	19.00
Monday	Porridge, vegetables, herbal infusion	Rosehip infusion, biscuits	Soup puree, steam cutlet, vermicelli, compote	Pudding	Milk porridge, green tea
Tuesday	Rice, salad, steam cutlet	Low-fat yogurt, croutons	Borscht, mashed potatoes, chicken, fruit dessert	Banana	Vareniki, tea
Wednesday	Omelet, bread, tea	Salad, compote	Soup with noodles, stew with meat, herbal tea	Rosehip infusion, biscuits	Cottage cheese, raisin-apple broth
Thursday	Boiled fish vegetable garnish, tea	banana, tea	Low-fat fish soup, rice, zucchini pancakes, apple	Vegetable salad, compote	Vegetable ragout, kefir
Friday	Fasting day
Saturday	Beetroot with prunes, herbal decoction	Oatmeal, tea	Broth, stew, dried fruit compote	Cottage cheese casserole, kefir	Rice porridge, herbal infusion
Sunday	Oatmeal, soft-boiled egg, milk	Vegetable salad, fruit compote	Okroshka, sweet pilaf, herbal infusion	Rice pudding	Milk soup, biscuits

One day a week (unloading), experts advise drinking tea from medicinal plants in unlimited quantities and eating a few allowed fruits.

Preventive nutrition to avoid kidney stones

Salts are deposited and form stones over a long period of time. It is good if a person has time to prevent pathology.

• people with a family history of nephrolithiasis;
• men and women with congenital anomalies, malformations of the urinary system;
• patients with pyelonephritis and other kidney diseases.
• pregnant women;
• persons with diseases of the gallbladder, pancreatitis, gastropathology;
• people with disorders of the endocrine glands.

In the above cases, the selection of an individual menu will help to avoid the formation of stones in the kidneys in people with a predisposition to nephrolithiasis.

Conclusion

Urolithiasis is a serious pathology that greatly complicates a person’s life and undermines strength. The success of treatment depends not only on the knowledge and experience of the doctor, but also on the efforts of the patient himself. According to experts, adherence to a diet significantly improves the prognosis of this difficult disease.

Urolithiasis, or urolithiasis, is a pathology caused by the formation of calculi (stones) in different parts of the urinary system. The stones consist mainly of inorganic compounds - derivatives of phosphoric, oxalic acid, magnesium salts, calcium. Comprehensive treatment is aimed at splitting and removing stones. It depends on their composition what is with kidney stones. Diet therapy prevents stone formation by shifting the pH of urine to the acidic or alkaline side.

What foods form stones?

The cause of the deposition of stones are complex physico-chemical reactions. When metabolism is disturbed, protein matrices are formed in the kidneys, which serve as the “core”. Inorganic components are already attached to these nuclei. In 70% of cases, phosphate, urate, oxalate stones are found in patients with nephrolithiasis. If you limit the consumption of harmful products, acid salts will not precipitate and fill the protein matrices.

Stones in the pelvis of the kidneys are a consequence of a violation of the metabolism of oxalic and uric acid, phosphorus and calcium. As part of the diet, foods containing purines are excluded:

• trans fats;
• animal protein;
• gelatin.

In case of violation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, it is necessary to abandon natural coffee and black tea. Patients with oxalate stones should limit their intake of foods rich in vitamin C:

• citrus;
• celery;
• White cabbage;
• sorrel;
• Strawberry;
• spinach.

Features of diet therapy depend on the composition of the stones. The dietary program should be compiled by a urologist, taking into account the results of a biochemical analysis of urine.

General dietary guidelines for kidney stones

The main goals of the diet for kidney stones in women and men:

• acceleration of metabolism;
• prevention of salt precipitation;
• restoration of acid-base balance;
• increased peristalsis of the intestines, urea and ureters.

With an exacerbation of urolithiasis, they adhere to table No. 6 - a therapeutic nutrition system with restriction of animal proteins and trans fats. The energy value of the daily diet is reduced to 2100-2300 kcal.

Basic rules of diet therapy:

• Diet. The menu is compiled taking into account the list of prohibited and permitted products. Patients with kidney stones should eat small meals up to 5 times a day. The amount of salt consumed is limited to 5 g / day, as it retains fluid in the body.
• Heat treatment. Products are allowed to boil, stew, steam, but not fry. Seafood and meat are included in the menu up to 3 times a week.
• Drinking mode. The daily amount of fluid consumed is adjusted to 2 liters per day. It flushes out stones, sand and bacteria from the kidneys, reducing the risk of urinary tract infection.

Kidney stones in obese men and women are often complicated by hypertension. Therefore, they should give up alcoholic beverages.

With obesity, the concentration of uric acid in the blood increases, which stimulates the deposition of salts in the kidneys. To avoid an increase in stones, overweight people need to periodically do fasting days.

What can you eat with kidney stones: healthy foods

What fruits to eat with stones in the kidneys, the urologist determines. The basis of the diet should be products that alkalize or acidify urine. They dissolve salt deposits and remove stones from the kidneys.

Useful foods for kidney stones:

• low-fat cottage cheese;
• unsalted cheeses;
• vegetable sauces;
• soaked vegetables;
• vegetable oil;
• sweet varieties of apples;
• potato;
• squash;
• tomatoes (limited);
• carrot;
• dried fruits;
• Rye bread;
• decoction of bearberry;
• weak tea;
• pollock;
• cereals (moderately);
• cod;
• pasta;
• dietary meat.

With stones, it is advisable to consume vegetables and fruits with retinol and B vitamins - pumpkin, broccoli, garlic, watermelon, avocado, mango. They remove oxalates from the kidneys, heal the mucous membrane of the urinary tract.

Therapeutic nutrition for kidney stones is aimed at reducing the burden on the urinary system. Before use, almost all products are subjected to heat treatment. Boiled vegetables with fiber increase gastrointestinal motility, prevent constipation and increased pressure in the pelvic organs.

Features of cooking with stones in the kidneys:

• meat and fish must be boiled before consumption;
• rich meat, mushroom broths and soups are not consumed due to the high content of purines;
• a portion of a meat dish should not exceed 150 g;
• vegetable and butter are used in small quantities for dressing salads, making low-fat sauces;
• cream soups are prepared on the second vegetable and third meat broth.

With kidney stones, you can not use spices and spices, as they irritate the mucous membrane of the urogenital tract. This is dangerous due to blockage of the ureters and acute urinary retention.

Drinking regime

The daily rate of fluid intake depends on many factors:

• age and weight of the patient;
• level of physical activity;
• nutritional characteristics;
• the presence of cardiovascular diseases;
• diameter and composition of stones;
• conditions of the urinary tract and kidneys.

In the absence of serious disturbances in the functioning of the urinary system, drink up to 2.5 liters of water per day. As a drink, use a decoction, elderberry, wild rose, bearberry, herbal tea, fruit drinks. They have a diuretic effect, stimulate kidney function.

What not to eat with kidney stones: a list of products

With stones in the kidneys, animal fats, semi-finished products, offal are excluded. During relapses of urolithiasis refuse products with gelatin, vitamin C, purines. From the menu should be excluded:

• sausages;
• conservation;
• lingonberries;
• currant;
• hot chocolate;
• meat and mushroom broths;
• herring;
• mackerel;
• marinades;
• pork;
• sweet pastries;
• legumes;
• cooking oil;
• spicy snacks.

It is allowed to eat 1 chicken egg per day, cooked in any way. But if the stones consist of precipitation of uric acid, the yolks are not used.

What changes to make to the menu for different types of stones

Only a urologist can determine how to eat with stones in the urinary system. Features of the diet depend on the biochemical composition of the deposits.

Oxalates

The diet for calcium stones in the pyelocaliceal system (PCS) of the kidneys limits the intake of products with oxalic and ascorbic acid:

• celery;
• leek;
• tomatoes;
• strawberries;
• figs;
• carrot;
• gooseberry;
• string beans;
• citrus;
• sea ​​buckthorn;
• rhubarb.

To speed up the dissolution of calculi, use products with pyridoxine and magnesium (liver, nuts, mustard, seaweed, etc.).

If a person drinks enough water, calcium oxalates are not deposited in the kidneys. But if sand accumulates in them, they use alkalizing water - Truskavetska, Borjomi, Berezovskaya, Essentuki No. 4. To remove oxalates, they eat more quince and drink decoctions of elderberry.

Urats

The urate kidney diet aims to reduce purine foods. They increase the amount of uric acid in the blood, which causes its salts to accumulate in the kidneys. The menu is based on:

• fruits - sweet apples, watermelons, citrus fruits;
• fermented milk products - milk, low-fat kefir;
• vegetables - white cabbage, carrots, potatoes.

Phosphates

Phosphate stones are the result of alkalization of urine. Kidney stone disease progresses with a standard dairy-vegetarian diet. To avoid complications, remove from the diet:

• dairy products;
• cocoa;
• celery;
• green onions;
• yeast.

To acidify urine, they use bread with bran, dried fruits, meat dishes, cranberry juice, Brussels sprouts.

Menu for the week

It is difficult to make a menu that would be suitable for different types of stones. With oxalates, a vegetable-meat diet is observed, with phosphates - meat, and with urates - a vegetable-milk diet. More often, stones with a predominance of salts of phosphoric acid are found in the kidneys.

If kidney stones are complicated by inflammation, adhere to table number 7 according to Pevzner. Spices, preservation, marinades, green onions and other products that irritate the mucous membrane are removed from the diet.

Sample menu:

Days of the week	Breakfast	Dinner	afternoon tea	Dinner
Monday	boiled potatoes, shrimp salad, weak tea	cream soup with vegetables, baked apple, cherry compote	boiled egg, slice of wholemeal bread	baked salmon, asparagus, bearberry broth
Tuesday	protein omelette with green onions, slice of toast, fruit juice	rice porridge, vegetable cutlets, squash caviar, weak tea	baked apple	boiled chicken fillet with pasta, vegetable slices, wheat bran decoction
Wednesday	buckwheat porridge, stewed Brussels sprouts, compote	meat or fish cutlets, noodle soup, crispbread, dried fruit compote	sandwich with fruit jam, elderberry decoction	mashed potatoes, boiled salmon, tea
Thursday	barley porridge, sour apple, tea	boiled tuna with arugula, squash caviar, herbal tea	baked pear, cranberry juice	Chinese cabbage puree, tea
Friday	protein omelet, rye bread with jam, herbal tea	boiled beef, sliced ​​cucumbers, compote	3-4 slices of watermelon	stewed cauliflower with mushrooms, 2 slices of bread, berry mousse
Saturday	seafood salad, dried fruit compote	vegetable soup in a weak broth, a piece of boiled fish	baked apple juice	baked pollock with green peas, a slice of rye bread, juice
Sunday	rice porridge on the water, stewed cabbage, cranberry juice	soup with meatballs, rye bread, bearberry broth	dried fruits, compote	pasta with vegetable sauce, boiled asparagus, tea

To avoid constipation, it is undesirable to abuse meat dishes. It is better to eat vegetable salad for breakfast, cream soup for lunch, and boiled meat or fish for dinner.

Healthy Recipes

A varied diet prevents hypovitaminosis and reduced immunity. During the formation of stones in the ChLS of the kidneys, the following dishes are eaten:

• Saxon puree. 3 large onions are cut into half rings and boiled for 20 minutes in 1 liter of water. Meanwhile, boil turnips with potatoes. Mix them with salted onions, add a little milk.
• Fruit puree. 500 g of peach pulp is boiled in 1 liter of water for 10 minutes. Whisk in a blender until puree. Mixed with 3 tbsp. l. granulated sugar and ½ cup boiled rice.
• Salad with clover. ¼ large white cabbage cut into strips and mixed with a glass of clover heads. Grind the proteins of 2 chicken eggs and add to the salad. Seasoned with vegetable oil, decorated with dill.
• Fruit salad. Diced apricots, apples, pears and plums are mixed in equal amounts. Add 1-2 tbsp. l. chopped hazelnuts and the same amount of low-fat sour cream.

Subject to dietary nutrition, the functioning of the urinary system improves, body weight decreases. Thanks to this, the symptoms of hypertension, excessive stress on the kidneys disappear.

Lifestyle

Proper nutrition does not guarantee getting rid of kidney stones. To increase the effectiveness of diet therapy, you need:

• give up smoking and alcohol;
• take daily half-hour walks;
• avoid stressful situations;
• refuse fast food;
• do sport.

Sexual infections provoke exacerbations of urolithiasis. Patients with chronic inflammation of the kidneys need to refuse sex with casual partners.

Consequences of not following the diet