Build a house in the German style. German style house facade

Lately in home improvement Special attention give it to design. Modern designers offer many of the most different ideas that will help make the house exclusive. The design of the facade of the house plays a paramount role. All styles of house facades deserve special attention, as they emphasize the status, taste, features of a particular era or country.

Decorative finishing of the house emphasizes its features and taste of the owner. To make a choice regarding external design at home, you need to decide on the building material and style. When choosing one or another style, one should also take into account how the nearby houses look and the features of the area in which the building itself is located. After that, you can get to work.

Each owner wants to make his home unique, so that it stands out from the rest. The most successful way to give your building originality is to execute it in a certain architectural style. This can be done both at the design stage and when the walls of the cottage have already been erected.

Preference can be given to a cozy and modest German style. Facades of houses in german style have good and original look. German architecture has long been characterized by economy, practicality and unusual design. Not too much material is needed for finishing, which is also very beneficial.

German style house facade

Such houses are usually built in the shape of a square or. Due to the cubic shape and smooth surface, the house acquires a noble and rich look. True, the style is not limited to a smooth and perfectly painted surface. Since ancient times, the main element in external design German houses was decorative rock. It acts as the main building material. Currently, the plinth is decorated with stone.

As for windows, they are made in the form of rectangles or arched, dividing them into several sections with lintels. Wooden shutters can act as a decorative element. Doors are painted in a color contrasting with the facade. The roof of the house is covered with red tiles.

It should be noted that any built house can really be styled in the German style. The main thing is to choose the right building material.

Chalet style houses

Chalet-style house facades are very common in France and the Alps. They are small buildings that used to serve as a shelter for shepherds. The word "chalet" in French means "shepherd's house". This style widely used in the West. Recently, Russia has also begun to pay attention to such unusual design. True, these houses will not be appropriate for the city. If you want to retire from the noisy metropolis, then country house chalet style is exactly what you need.

Facade of a chalet-style house

The main features of the chalet style:

stone foundation;
wooden walls;

Modern chalet houses are significantly different from the old Alpine buildings. First of all, large rooms, the presence of entertainment areas in the room, communications. Secondly, building material. Chalet style involves a combination various kinds material.

Features a chalet house gable roof with high protrusions. This helps to protect the house and its walls from moisture. The roof is covered with tiles and decorated with wood. The plinth is built of stone. The walls are plastered and decorated with aged wood. With the help of wood, you can make a variety of and unusual elements on the building. The house should have many windows, a balcony, a veranda and an attic floor.

It will bring you closer to nature, will always attract the attention of others, and also give you warmth and comfort.

Fachwerk style imitation: pros and cons

Last fashion trend in the design of residential buildings are the facades of houses in the style of half-timbered houses. This style consists in the presence or imitation of wooden beams. Lay them vertically, horizontally and diagonally. Construction is very expensive. To save money, you can use the services of a designer and imitate the style.

Features of the facade of houses in a classic style

Using modern lightweight building materials, which are distinguished by both reliability and practicality, it is possible to finish the facade of the house without any problems. classical style. The building will have an attractive appearance, and finishing material will not weigh it down and overload it. Facades close to the classics have been relevant for many years for both residential and non-residential buildings. Such houses fit very neatly into the overall architecture of the city and attract attention.

The facade of the house, made in a classic style

The following elements distinguish the classic style from a number of others:

columns;
stone carving;
natural marble, granite and travertine;
various ornaments, sculptures, cornices.

In the classical style, it is important that the design of the house is in harmony with the landscape of the territory, and stone plays a leading role here.

French country or Provence - which is better?

It is known that Provence is a kind of country music. True, some designers find them completely different. You can distinguish them by some signs. Facades of houses in country style have more warm colors. Cold shades and white color are not characteristic of this style. But in the Provence style they use cold colors or saturated bright colors. White color occupies the main position here.

Country house facade

As for the surface, it is different brickwork that may protrude slightly from the wall. Mosaic and terracotta surface gives a special charm. They decorate the facade from wood, painting it in color Ivory. In country, things are different. There is a layering of colors and textures. Masonry and use natural wood are the highlight of this style.

Provence style house

It is not worth choosing which is better - country or Provence, since both styles are distinguished by originality, sophistication, simplicity and naturalness.

Baroque

The baroque facade of the house stands out from the rest. Such houses look like real palaces. Baroque is characterized by contrast, dynamism of images, the desire for luxury and grandeur. Houses have magnificent forms and spatial scale. The structures are represented by large-scale colonnades, pilasters, complex domes, which are covered with either gilding or neutral paint. Often the domes are multi-tiered.

It gives the house grandeur. Color contrast plays an important role. Concave and curved wall surfaces decorate the building. The carvings on the columns and on the walls themselves add nobility and originality to the façade.

Baroque house facade

Baroque is characterized by gold, silver and white shades. Marble, copper, wood are used as building materials. Mosaics have a special place here.

Unusual facades in the Art Nouveau style

If you prefer everything unusual, you can decorate your home in Art Nouveau style. The facade of the Art Nouveau house is characteristic of outrageous people and those who like to be in the spotlight. In the design of your building, you can embody a variety of desires and dreams. It is not necessary to plan the design during construction, the house can easily be converted already into it. finished version. To do this, you just need some building materials and your imagination.

Modern house facade

Basically, the lines of the Art Nouveau house are smooth and soft, there are no rough decorations and inappropriate details. Everything is in harmony with the general stop at home. The shade of the materials should be discreet, but close to the natural tone. Permissible interspersed with variegated shades. Distinctive features of high-tech style

The facade of the house in high-tech style stands out from the rest with its extraordinary architectural solution. It is distinguished by ultra-modernity, high technology, industrialism, demonstrativeness and innovation. During the construction or decoration of a house in this style, they use latest materials and technology.

High-tech house

Houses are built in the form of squares or rectangles. Large windows and glass doors occupy the main place here. As for color, he prefers light tones. Protruding pipes, large outdoor balcony- all this brings its own zest. This style is very well suited to creative and independent people who love everything unusual and modern.

Fashionable English style

The elegance of the English style lies in its special design, which has sophisticated and refined forms. At first glance, such buildings seem luxurious and noble. Facade of a house in English style has its own special features that are unique to him:

brickwork;
small columns;
a minimum of drawings and carvings;
restrained tones;
straight walls;
small porch;
windows divided into several sections;

English style house

In such a house, everyone will feel like an Englishman. This building will not differ much from the rest of the houses, but will attract attention with architectural accuracy and purity of its design. suitable for those who do not like newfangled trends in the design and construction of suburban housing, but prefer traditional solutions.

Each country has its own traditional. So, Russia is steadily associated with, China with pagodas, Europe with Gothic buildings, the USA with skyscrapers, etc. But at the mention of Germany to those who are fond of architecture or just follow current trends suburban, the term "half-timbered houses" will come to mind.

half-timbered house

Having appeared in Germany, today they have become very popular in different parts of the world, including ours.

Fachwerk history

The German word Fachwerk is formed from two parts: das Fach - section, cell and das Werk - building. Literally, it turns out "a structure from sections." Looking from the side at half-timbered houses, we will be convinced of the accuracy of the definition. Similar to a fairy tale, they will not go unnoticed while walking along the old European streets. Their invariably light walls seem to be "cut" by dark ones. wooden beams. The sloping roof completes the structure.

According to historians, fachwerk originated in Germany, in areas where there were rivers nearby and shipbuilding developed. To repair and build ships, one had to be well versed in carpentry. And once the masters realized that it was possible to build not only strong ships, but also solid houses.

The appearance of half-timbered houses dates back to the 12th century. But its heyday came in the 15th-16th centuries, when architects mixed traditional fachwerk with new trends:

with baroque elements (pediments with large curls along the edges, an abundance of details on the facade, sculptures of people and animals),
with Gothic elements (quotations from the Holy Scriptures on the facade),
with details of the Renaissance (an abundance of characteristic rosettes, shells, wreaths, flower vases on the façade).

In addition, the geographical division into regions also influenced the construction. If you visit several regions of Germany, then the same half-timbered houses you will not meet there. The following areas are distinguished: Thracian, Alemannic and Lower Saxon half-timbered houses.

Houses were built taking into account the fact that the land in those days was very expensive. Therefore, I wanted to increase the living space not at her expense. They did it like this:

We built a frame from strong wooden racks and beams.
The panels filling the space between them were made from a mixture of clay with wild reeds or straw. This mixture was called adobe (you can learn more about it from the publication). The adobe was applied to the "skeleton" of wooden rods.
In order to expand the space in the room, the enterprising Germans came up with the idea of building in such a way that each floor was wider than the previous one and “hung” about half a meter above it. This overhanging floor also protected the lower ones from moisture. Subsequently, the characteristic protrusions became one of distinguishing features fachwerk as an architectural trend.
After completing work with the frame and panels, the house and. And they painted not anyhow, but according to a certain principle. Panels - in light color, and the wooden frame must be dark. The house became visually "broken" into cells. This is how another difference appeared, which we will talk about later.
And finally, . In old German half-timbered houses the roofs were high and sloping. Below them was an additional living space.

As for the decoration and the house as a whole, only wealthy burghers could afford them. They invited experienced craftsmen who know their business very well.

At the request of the owner, they could recreate the family coat of arms on the facade, make unique carvings, decorate the house with sculptures, paintings or inscriptions: for example, with wishes of good health and prosperity, or simply with information about who lives under this roof and whether the owners are happy with the guests. Such statements were called Haussprüche (from German das Haus - house and der Spruch - saying).

Interesting: researchers of this type of architecture have revealed that there is some symbolism in German half-timbered buildings. If the beams intersect like the letter X, then this symbolizes the St. Andrew's Cross (on which the Apostle Andrew was crucified).

If the segments of the side beams do not intersect, then this form is called "Swabian Woman". Why Swabian? Most likely, the association comes with the national costume of Swabian women: a lace-up corset with a decollete and a fluffy skirt.

If the beams resemble the letter "U", then you have a "Wild Man". The origin of this name is not really known. Maybe this is how the sedate inhabitants of medieval Germany imagined a person with strange behavior - a wild one.

Curved scrolls in the form of the letter "S" on the corner beams were amulets against lightning. Scary masks on the facade protected from evil spirits and ill-wishers. Images of the sun in the form of rosettes were symbols of fertility and material well-being.

With the onset of the 18th century, half-timbered houses lost their positions. It was very difficult to bring engineering equipment into such a house, but I didn’t want to live without them. The 19th and 20th centuries were also marked by half-timbered calm and the mass construction of more modern buildings. But the 21st century stirred up interest in this style. AT major cities Germany and not only began to restore old half-timbered houses and build new ones, but already taking into account modern trends, etc. And now the descendants of burgher houses are called half-timbered houses, or half-timbered houses.

Distinctive features of half-timbered houses

Color contrasts and windows in a row.

Complete absence of metal elements in construction. What is 500 years ago, what is construction now half-timbered house does not accept metal in the frame. Heavy metal ties will spoil both the appearance of the house and the interior. The result is not at all what was expected.
Bearing beams do not hide under . This is one of the main features characteristic of fachwerk. Beams divide the house into peculiar sections.
Filling the space between the beams with a material that is different in texture from wood. Previously, it was adobe, which we have already talked about above. To date, it has been successfully replaced by brick.
Lightweight design. Half-timbered houses are very light, so you can build them on a shallow one.
Color contrasts. In the first half-timbered houses they played on the confrontation "light-dark". Now the flight of fancy is not constrained by anything: dark red and green, brown and beige, dark brown and light green and other combinations.
Overhanging one floor over another. Today, this feature has practically disappeared, it has become optional. There is no need to expand the living space in this way, and modern ones perfectly protect the tree from moisture.
Lots of small windows. In the Middle Ages, the house could be literally strewn with small windows. small because big windows They didn’t really know how to do it yet, it was difficult to get glass and very expensive. Fortunately, now they can make windows of any size, and there are no problems with the material. Very popular among owners of half-timbered houses these days panoramic windows. Although experts do not recommend doing this. Firstly, because the windows do not always overlook a pond, a meadow, a forest or a house is on the outskirts, and neighbors scurrying about on business are an amateur sight. It is better to make several windows in one row.
high roofs. In Europe, all half-timbered houses have tall and sharp gable roofs. It was beneficial to have such a roof structure: it protects the whole house from precipitation, and you can also equip it under it. In modern houses there are also sloping options. But if you want to meet the requirements of style as much as possible, then a high roof is a must.
The house should "strive" up. Of course, with a shortage of land in medieval Europe houses could not "spread" in width. They were directed upwards. The higher, the more space. If you are building a house now, then it is up to you to decide whether it will be stretched vertically or horizontally.

Is it possible to build a half-timbered house in Russia?

On the pages of the TSB (Great Soviet Encyclopedia) there is a mention of half-timbered houses. But with a note that it can only be built in a warm climate, otherwise you will not overwinter. For example, in the south of the country: “... In modern construction F. with a wooden frame and brick or adobe filling are mainly used in areas with a warm climate (including in auxiliary production buildings). Such data were for the period 1969-1978.

But thanks to new technologies. Now half-timbered houses are no less warm than tiles.

The walls are best left white (or any light tone).

Beams - always contrastingly dark to the walls. By the way, you can display on the beams.

Forged things look good as decorative elements: horseshoes, shelves, etc. If desired, even forged furniture won't be redundant.

The interior of a half-timbered house implies the presence of a hearth. It will make it more homely and cozy. It doesn't matter if it's a fireplace or a stove.

If there is no passion for antiquity, then the house can be turned into a modern one. spacious dwelling. We add the features of minimalism to the fachwerk features:

No forged products and an abundance of accessories.
A large amount of space remains free to sunlight could easily fill the room.
Beams can be painted in light tone slightly darker than the walls.
A small fireplace (the oven is inappropriate), a minimum of furniture, light-colored textiles, in general, nothing that makes the interior heavier - and we get a house from a mixture of two seemingly opposite directions.

Half-timbered houses, despite their popularity and ancient history in Europe, we are considered exotic. Not everyone will dare to "get involved" with such a project. But with proper execution, the result will justify the effort and money spent. And what do you think?

Among private customers, projects of German houses are especially popular. The catalog contains more than 60 ready-made solutions for construction, among which there are examples, both traditional in style and in a more modern reading. The most attractive features of such cottages are: strict elegant appearance, and rationality of planning decisions.

architectural features

As in all European countries, German architects were strongly influenced by Italian and later French culture. The victory was won by the practicality of the national character. A clear, well-recognized appearance of the building has formed, which distinguishes all projects of German houses and cottages from the photo in our catalog. It is characterized by the following features.

Square or rectangular, with a slight difference in sides, the shape of the base. Clear geometric shapes, accentuated by decorative trim.
The combination in one ensemble of additional volumes, acting as multi-level extensions: an outbuilding, summer cuisine, swimming pool, garage.
Horizontal remote structures on the upper floors with a terrace, large balconies.
Gable (rarely 4) roofs covered with tiles of red, cherry, Brown color, attic with windows.
The lack of small decor on the facades - the classic look is formed by dark beams that form a "cage" and contrast with light plaster on the walls.

Most of the architectural projects in Germany bear the legacy of the Gothic culture. This is the general aspiration of the building upwards (towards the sky), acute-angled outlines, vertical glazed bay windows and narrow windows.

Various German-style cottages

Modern houses in Germany are built mainly of stone, frame structures are common. Usually they are erected in several levels, one-story buildings are less common. Among the finished projects, there are several that are popular.

Old German brick houses— differ in solid appearance, and functionality. large areas glazing gives the facade a stylish look, and decorative beams on the pediments - a tribute to tradition.
Cottages with a pronounced fachwerk- built from the most different materials. Imitation of intersecting vertical and inclined racks is created using polyurethane foam materials, laminated chipboard, wood. An example in the catalog is a building made of aerated concrete blocks (No. 53-96).

Clients often ask for a German-style house project with an attic - this is a traditional construction technique in many areas of Germany, where it is typical rational use everyone square meter area starting from basements, and ending with the attic space.

Our company develops ready-made architectural solutions, including - projects of German houses, more than 15 years. Choosing the option you like, the customer receives a complete package of documentation with working drawings, diagrams and specifications of building materials.

When furnishing a house, the issue of the exterior deserves special attention, because the appearance of the house is an indicator of the taste of its owners. Today, designers offer many options decorative finishes facade that can make the house unique and distinguish it from general series surrounding buildings. Following newfangled trends, more and more people prefer to use a certain architectural style in the design of houses, characteristic of a particular country.

For those who appreciate the simplicity of forms, restraint and elegance without frills, we can advise you to decorate the facade of the house in the German style. Such a house will look advantageous due to its solid and original design. appearance, he will be able to create the impression of reliability and home comfort.

The advantage of the German style is that it can be applied both to an object under construction and to a finished one, that is, when the walls are erected and the roof is ready. The Germans are thrifty people, so you don’t need to finish the facade a large number of material that will pleasantly affect the family budget.

Modest German style is traditionally characterized by practicality, economy and original design. The design of the façade can be described common features inherent in this architectural direction.

Simplicity and rigor decorative elements.
No intricate patterns bright colors and details, sculptural decorations.
A rational approach to the use of materials for construction and decoration.
Limited color palette.
Compliance with the traditional canons of Western European architecture.

Walls and roof

Traditionally, a German-style house has the shape of a square or rectangle with even, smooth walls, painted in plain, discreet colors and decorated with bay windows. These are the protruding parts of the house that increase the living space.

As for the roof, it is usually gable and made in a brown-red palette. The main roofing material is tiles. The plinth is finished with natural stone, which is very popular in Germany as a material for original design buildings. Thanks to this, the building stands out for its noble appearance.

As decorative elements, small balconies are built, less often attics. They are decorated without pretentiousness: tinted boards that are fixed over the facade.

Windows and doors

German style is very demanding on the design of doors and windows. The front door must certainly stand out against the general background of the facade. Usually this is the brightest detail that attracts attention.

Windows are made rectangular, or resembling an arch. Each window is not a single whole, but several sections separated by special jumpers. In addition, windows are decorated wooden shutters, which perform an exclusively decorative function, giving the house a lived-in and well-groomed look.

half-timbered houses

Fachwerk is a famous style of architecture in Germany. Distinctive feature such buildings is the presence of a vertical frame with transverse beams and diagonal braces. It is also characterized by figured beam structures. They are painted in colors that contrast with the shade of the walls, giving the house expressiveness and entourage. Particularly impressive on the walls look curved beams in combination with natural stone trim or plaster.

gothic houses

Buildings that are stylized as Gothic are always distinguished by originality. In the photo, such houses look like real ones. medieval castles. This is facilitated by a pointed roof and vertically elongated windows, which visually make the whole building taller and more presentable.

Many German cities have managed to retain their former charm. AT settlements, which escaped major destruction during the Second World War, urban development dates back many centuries, which is the subject of admiration for tourists. A half-timbered building to this day adorns the appearance of many old parts of cities.

We all know the popular prints, already rather fed up, but, it seems, “not killed” clichés about Russia - the balalaika, the matryoshka doll and the tame bear. But the standard idea of Germany is also not complete without the mention of Oktoberfest, sausages and, of course, such cozy, like gingerbread, German houses. This image of a homely idyll attracts many who are in love with Germany. But is it really so, and in what houses, like behind a stone wall, do German burghers live?

Fachwerkhaus ( frame house) - this is just the same, "postcard" view of Germany: fairytale house, which you want to admire without ceasing - and it would be even better to live! The house consists of wooden frame, the cavities of which are filled with a mixture of wood and clay or, in some cases, brick. Half-timbered houses are an integral part of the country's architecture; it is impossible to imagine Germany without them. As a rule, such houses are located in the old part of the city (Altstadt).

Reihenhaus (sectional house)- this is separate house, which is part of a line of houses built in a row. Sectional houses prevail in the development of the central part of cities. outside historical center cities are usually separate standing houses and houses for two apartments.

Doppelhaus it is usually a large semi-detached house. But you should not be afraid - you won’t have to share the premises with anyone except your family. In most cases, this type of housing is two houses with common wall, while each of which stands on its own land plot and has its own separate entrance. So there is no need to worry about how to get to the bathroom in the morning, ahead of the neighbors.

Einfamilienhaus (family house)- is a residential building that serves as a home for one family and contains one conditional apartment. As a rule, such single-family houses are owned by users and therefore they are also called private houses.

Sozialwohnung (council flat) This is a residential building built with the help of public public funds. These apartments are distinguished by a rather low rent, since they are intended mainly for low-income segments of the population (large families, people with disabilities).
In order to rent such an apartment, you must have a special permit. This permission, respectively, is received by persons whose income does not exceed a certain allowable limit. Municipal apartments are received on a first-come, first-served basis, but since there are more people who have the right to rent such apartments than the housing itself, they are distributed in order of urgent need. For example, it is more likely that municipal housing will be issued to a pensioner with a disability who lives on the 5th floor in a building without an elevator.
Wochenendhaus (summer house) is a house or hut located in a rural, natural area for spending holidays or weekends there. Some summer houses are in really beautiful places: by the lake or with mountain view. From small garden plot on the outskirts of the city (Schrebergarten, Kleingarten) summer houses differ, first of all, in size. They are usually provided with modern plumbing, gas and electricity.

Bungalow- represents cottage, which may have various options roofs The word itself comes from North Indian languages and literally means "in the Bengali style." The history of the distribution of such a residential building is connected with the fact that in the 18th century the British colonialists who lived in the Bengal region took local houses as a model for building housing and reproduced them. Typical bungalows have one floor and a spacious veranda. In Germany, the peak of popularity of the bungalow came in the 60s of the 20th century.

What house would you like to live in?