An important component good harvest is the right soil. An unsuccessful choice can lead to low yields, disease of seedlings and poor quality vegetables. It is currently possible to purchase ready ground in the household goods market. It should be noted that despite the wide range and low prices, select finished products You need to carefully, taking into account the composition and company of the manufacturer. Possible to create the necessary conditions for the growth of cucumbers and independently, mixing nutrients in certain proportions.

Properties and components of soil for cucumbers

Purchased and homemade soil combines a number of requirements that must be met for a quality crop. Among them:

1. The soil needs to have a set of balanced nutrients. For high fertility, both organic compounds, and a set of mineral elements.
2. It is vital for young seedlings to get a lot of oxygen, so light and loose soil should be chosen.
3. The soil for planting cucumbers needs high-quality and uniform moisture. The selected soil should have good absorbency and the ability to maintain the moisture level at the same level.
4. The presence of living microflora in the soil. The presence of microorganisms favorably affects young seedlings. The largest concentration of bacteria is at a depth of up to 0.2 meters, so the soil should be carefully dug up and loosened. A small amount of bacteria is found in clay and sand.
5. The neutral level of soil acidity is about 7.0.

The following points should be avoided when planting cucumbers:

1. It is necessary to monitor the health of the soil, which can be disturbed by weeds, insects and grubs, as well as fungal spores and various bacteria.
2. You can not take soil near the road or from lawns in the city. The soil in such places is contaminated with industrial waste, such as lead. Harvest from such soil is not only not beneficial, but can also be harmful to health. Take ground for self cooking best of all from places remote from the city, forest belts or groves.
3. There should be no clay in the soil for cucumbers. As mentioned earlier, this component reduces the presence of beneficial bacteria, reduces moisture permeability and negatively affects soil quality.

Thus, it is necessary to understand which substances favorably affect the fertility and quality of the crop. Garden and turf soil, from half-rotted leaves (leafy soil), sphagnum moss, grain husks, sunflower husks, humus, wood ash and peat can be used as soil components for seedlings of cucumbers.

As inorganic components, the following are added to the soil:

1. Can be used as a leavening agent river sand, which must be well washed and sieved.
2. The mineral substance vermiculite, which saturates the soil with useful substances, absorbs moisture well and is used to aerate the soil.
3. Hydrogel is used to maintain humidity at the same level.
4. If the acidity of the soil is too high, then it is possible to reduce it by using slaked lime.

DIY soil recipes

It is possible to prepare high-quality soil with your own hands. There are several recipes:

1. They take the earth (turf or leaf), peat or humus, and sand or pour. All components are mixed in equal proportions.
2. In an equal amount of humus and earth (turf or leaf), add one seventh of the vermiculite sweep.
3. In equal parts, purchased universal soil, earth from the garden and sand are mixed.
4. Make a one-to-one mixture of humus and sod land. Add a glass of ash for 7 kg of the mixture.

Among gardeners, soil is considered the best composition, which is prepared according to the following recipe: you need turf or leafy soil (about 20 liters), ammonium nitrate (8 grams) and double superphosphate (8-10 grams) are added to it. At the end, 3-4 tablespoons of ash and 10 grams of potassium sulfur are added.

Recipe number 2: non-acidic peat, fertile soil and humus are mixed in equal quantities. Then approximately 1/12 by weight of the mixture of sand and sawdust is added to the mixture. This soil is used at the rate of 3 kg per meter of land.

Homemade soil needs additional disinfection. Several methods are used:

1. Calcination - in the oven for about half an hour at a temperature of 40 degrees.
2. Steaming - 3 hours in a water bath. This procedure should be done a month before planting the crop.
3. Freezing - the finished soil is left for the winter sheltered on the street. In the spring, a month before garden work, it is brought in and warmed.

The choice of soil for cucumbers in the store.

Preparing the soil yourself is a rather lengthy and laborious work. good soil it is possible to buy in the market of goods for the garden and garden. However, for this you need to know a few nuances:

1. Ready soil can be universal and specialized. For planting cucumbers, it is better to take a special one, since the universal one must be supplied with fertilizers and minerals.
2. Read the label carefully. It should contain information about the components of the soil, its purpose, acidity, as well as the manufacturer's company.
3. The composition of the soil should be sand and peat.
4. If you are planting cucumbers for the first time, then it is best to take several species for testing. This method will help to compare soils in natural conditions.
5. Even purchased soil should be checked for the presence of worms and insects, as well as a disinfection procedure. All disinfection procedures are carried out a month and a half before planting.

Buying branded soil is convenient and not time-consuming and material resources, however, you should take into account the features of the type of soil from the store.

1. Universal soil - contains peat and sawdust. Add before use useful material. About 20% of biohumus should be added to such soil, and then proceed to use.
2. Living earth - there are two types: slightly acidic special and neutral flower. The second one is suitable for planting cucumbers. This type can be applied immediately without additional fertilizers.
3. Biohumus - is not used as a separate soil, but only as a bioadditive.
4. Cucumber soil is the most suitable ready-made mixture of peat and minerals, which is immediately suitable for use.

The soil for cucumbers must be fertile, then the high survival rate of seeds and an excellent harvest will please you. These rules must be observed both when growing bushes on the street, and in a greenhouse. To ensure the most comfortable conditions for growing plants, it is necessary to prepare the soil in advance. Cucumbers grow well in loamy or sandy soil.

It is not recommended to plant cucumbers in acidic or heavy soils. The best option will be planting plants on neutral or in last resort slightly acidic soils. First of all, it is necessary to determine the level of acidity of the earth, after which you can continue preparatory work.

The acidity of the earth determines the pH level. The soil for cucumbers, subject to a neutral reaction, should have a pH of 7. The lower the pH, the more acidic the earth, which may not be suitable for planting. Too much high performance pH indicates alkaline soil, also not suitable for planting bushes.

Soil acidity research can be done in three ways:

• using the Alyamovsky device (in the laboratory or privately);
• thanks to litmus paper;
• watching the weeds grow.

Such studies can be carried out in a special laboratory or with the help of certain equipment that can be purchased. To perform an analysis of soil acidity, an Alyamovsky device is needed. This device is easy to master, as it comes with instructions that any gardener can understand.

You can assess the acidity of the earth and other methods. To do this, you need litmus paper, which can be purchased at any store that sells chemical reagents. To conduct the study, it is necessary to cut the ground to a depth of 30 cm in the vertical direction. The soil should be moistened with distilled or rain water, and part of the earth should be squeezed in your hand along with a piece of litmus paper. The color of litmus paper is equal to the usual control scale, and the degree of acidity of the earth's surface is determined by the coincidence of colors.

When there is no Alyamovsky device and litmus paper cannot be obtained, then it is possible to make an approximate assessment of acidity by observing harmful crops that grow in a greenhouse or in a garden where cucumbers will grow. Optimal indicators of acidic soils are plants in the form of plantain, horsetail, oak veronica, pikulnik, sedge, horse sorrel, mint, creeping buttercup, wood lice, Ivan da Marya, and also heather. If these plants are observed, then the acidity of the earth must be reduced before cucumbers are planted.

A good sign is the presence creeping wheatgrass, field bindweed, coltsfoot, garden bodyak, odorless chamomile and clover. These plants grow in slightly acidic soils, which indicates that the soil is ideally suited to all the requirements of cucumbers.

Fertilization and soil optimization

It is best to do the preparation of beds for cucumbers in autumn period. The saturation of the soil with minerals occurs due to the introduction various kinds fertilizers. If the acidity of the soil is low, then the best solution would be to use alkaline organic fertilizers with a liquid consistency. For acidic soils, it is necessary to produce liming, which is carried out by fertilizing the earth with lime, dolomite flour, cement dust, chalk, defecation, and ash.

When warm spring days come, it is necessary to dig up the surface of the soil, while the digging depth should be at least 25 cm. After digging, the top layer of the earth (approximately 12 cm) must be mixed well with humus. Any organic matter is suitable for the preparation of humus. When digging and fertilizing the soil comes to an end, the bed must be watered abundantly, after which the site is covered with a film for 2-3 days (this manipulation is necessary to warm the earth to a temperature of at least 150 ° C).

When soil preparation cannot be done in the autumn, spring preparatory work must be done, which is slightly different from autumn. In this case, it is better not to enrich the soil with lime fertilizers. It is better to focus on alkaline organic fertilizers liquid consistency and at the maximum increased coefficient of soil fertilization with humus. It is important to have time to complete these procedures at least 7 days before sowing seeds or planting seedlings of cucumbers.

Soil preparation for planting cucumbers (video)

Preparing the garden for growing cucumbers

It does not matter whether it is necessary to sow seeds or to plant seedlings, the main thing is to do it in conditions that completely exclude the likelihood of renewed frosts.

Such planting guarantees:

• optimal heating of the root system of this culture, which loves heat very much;
• protection against exposure of the plant to excessive levels of soil moisture;
• ideal illumination of each bush;
• high level plant productivity.

The beds must be formed and ready for planting at least 7 days before the start of planting. This is explained by the fact that the land for planting cucumbers should settle a little.

When arranging the territory for planting plants, it is recommended to make several beds, the height of each of which is 20-30 cm. The height of the beds is explained by the type of soil: the heavier the soil, the more high bed need cucumbers. The width of the beds is formed by paths, the distance between which should be at least 50 cm.

If cucumbers are grown according to the method of vertical plant growth, it is necessary to install and stretch a special frame, which can be made from a grid. The plant will weave along the surface of the mesh, which will create comfortable conditions for growing cucumbers and caring for them. The grid must be placed so that it, being on different beds, does not block them.

How to grow cucumbers (video)

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Cultivation of cucumbers requires a lot of skills, knowledge and experience. This culture is not for the lazy, and gardeners put a lot of work into its cultivation. The more insulting is the situation when this labor is not paid by the harvest. It can occur if there is unsuitable soil on the site. In the article we will tell you what the soil and land for cucumbers should be like, consider the issues of optimizing soil parameters.

Optimal soil parameters for growing cucumbers

To understand which soil is best for cucumber, you need to remember the origin of this crop. Cucumber vines grow wild in the subtropical forests of Asia. The soils of these forests are characterized by structure, lightness, moisture and big amount plant litter on the surface. The acidity approaches neutral or slightly alkaline, and decaying organic matter releases huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the air.

Based on this, we can conclude about the optimal soil parameters for cucumber:

1. The mechanical composition is loose, light, breathable.
2. Humidity is constant, high, without swamping and overdrying.
3. Temperature - not lower than +12⁰С at a depth of 20 cm.
4. Acidity - neutral, not lower than 6.2 hydrogen units.
5. The percentage of humus is high, concentrated in the upper layers.
6. Microbiological activity is high.

The root system of cucumber is superficial. It does not penetrate deeper than 30 cm into the soil. Therefore, the depth of groundwater of great importance does not have. The main attention in preparing the soil for a cucumber bed should be given to the upper layers of the soil.

Weak root system with a powerful leaf apparatus, it indicates the readiness of the plant for high humidity.

Soil types common in Russian regions

On the territory of Russia, acidic podzolic soils are most common. And there are problems with the required soil temperature in many regions. suitability analysis different types soils are considered in the table:

soil type	LevelpH	Temperature in summer	suitability for cucumber
Peat-bog and bog-podzolic	3,0-5	Big difference day and night	Unsuitable, requires strong liming and protection from temperature extremes
Podzolic, sod-podzolic, red soil	4,5-5,6	From 8.8⁰С at a depth of 20 cm	Unsuitable, requires deoxidation and the creation of warm beds, the introduction of humus
gray forest	4,5-6,5	From 15⁰С at a depth of 20 cm	Suitable, in some cases requires a little liming
permafrost-taiga	4,5-7,3	Low	Unsuitable, in some cases requires liming and the creation of warm beds
Chernozem, gray soil, chestnut	6,5-7,5	From 15⁰С at a depth of 20 cm	Suitable.
Carbonate, solonchak, solonetz	7,5-9,5	From 15⁰С to 25⁰С at a depth of 20 cm	Unsuitable, requires strong leaching, release from salts, enrichment with humus.

Methods for determining soil acidity

Many experienced gardeners they can approximately estimate the acidity of the soil by observing weeds on the site:

indicator plants	Soil reaction and suitability for cucumbers
Horse sorrel, horsetail, crowberry, blueberry, moss, meadow maryannik	High acidity. Requires strong liming.
Lingonberry, wild rosemary, sorrel-leaved mountaineer, mint, bearberry, marsh goldenberry, "cat's foot"	Medium acidity. Decay required.
Bell broad-leaved, hairy sedge, kupena, shchitovnik	Weak acidity or neutral soil. Suitable for cucumbers.
coltsfoot, yarrow, pharmacy chamomile, meadow clover, wild strawberry, quinoa, nettle, shepherd's purse, sow thistle, gout	Neutral ground. Suitable for cucumbers.
Hairy sedge, goose foot, wormwood, vetch, alfalfa, meadow arzhanets, sharp-edged bonfire	Slightly alkaline soil. Suitable for cucumbers.

However, the most accurate result can be obtained with a portablepH meter. These devices are now available and sold at many garden centers. Their sensitivity ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 hydrogen units. Accuracy is quite enough for amateur farming.

Soil acidity correction methods for cucumbers

Soils that are unsuitable for acidity must be prepared before planting cucumbers. Strongly acidic soils are deoxidized by adding fluffy lime at the rate of 50-150 g per 1 m 2. On slightly acidic, wood ash can be used, adding 1 kg per 1 m 2. The special Lime-Gumi deoxidizer enriched with humates and boron is well suited for cucumbers. It will require 200 g per 1 m 2.

The top layer of highly alkaline soil on a cucumber bed can be replaced with purchased soil. The following compositions will fit:

• "BIOgrunt Ecoflora for cucumbers and zucchini" with sapropel. ;
• "Vermion for cucumber" with expanded clay and biohumus;
• "Peter Peat for Cucumbers" with an optimal NPK ratio.

On slightly alkaline soils, planting holes can be formed from these soils and embedded in the top layer, like fertilizer.

Tip #1 Measures to correct acidity should be carried out in advance - at least in early spring, and preferably in autumn. In several daysSoil pH will not change.

Methods for determining and correcting soil moisture

With the assessment of soil moisture under cucumbers and its correction, there are usually no difficulties. Since the root layer is not too powerful, it is possible to determine the need for watering visually. To do this, it is enough to rake the soil to a depth of 5 cm. If it is dry, it's time to water.

However, it would be more correct to prevent overdrying even at such a depth. At the same time, tender cucumber roots are already beginning to suffer from overheating and lack of moisture. Therefore, the soil on the cucumber bed must be necessarily mulched.

Organic mulch is ideal for cucumbers. It is she who not only prevents the drying of the soil, but also provides the plants with the necessary feeding with carbon dioxide. In addition, under organic mulch, the activity of soil flora and fauna is activated and there is a constant enrichment with humus.

For mulching cucumbers, you can use:

• mature compost;
• chopped straw;
• well-rotted composted sawdust;
• composted peat.

To maintain optimal humidity, mulching is well combined with drip irrigation.

Optimization of different types of soil for growing cucumbers

Soils that are unsuitable for cucumbers in terms of mechanical composition must be improved by introducing structuring components:

1. Clay soils require baking powder and humus-forming components: sand, brick chips, horse, rabbit or goat dung, vegetable compost, rotted sawdust, rotted cow dung with straw bedding.
2. IN sandy soil you need to add composted peat, sapropel, vegetable compost, clay flour, bone meal, rotted cow dung.
3. Peaty-marshy soil requires the introduction of compost, rotted sawdust, horse or rabbit manure, dolomite flour.
4. On podzolic soils, horse, rabbit or goat manure, composted peat, vegetable humus, compost will improve the structure and fertility.

Tip #2 The creation of stationary beds-boxes reduces labor costs in the cultivation of garden crops. The soil in them is easier to retain necessary structure compared to a fully dug garden.

Improving soil fertility for growing cucumbers

Trying to make the soil more fertile for cucumbers, gardeners sometimes make several mistakes:

1. Abuse mineral fertilizers. With the simultaneous introduction a large number organics and nitrogen mineral compositions resistance of cucumbers to diseases decreases, lush leaf mass increases to the detriment of flowering and fruiting, nitrates accumulate in fruits.
2. One time feed. It is not enough to fill the bed with cucumbers with fertilizers once. During the season, it is necessary to feed the cucumbers at least 4 times.
3. Bookmark fertilizers directly at crops. A fertilized bed should stand before sowing for at least 3-4 weeks, otherwise the seeds will simply “burn out” in the hole.

A competent combination of organic and mineral fertilizers is very important when growing cucumbers. In order not to harm either the plant or the soil, you can adhere to the following feeding plan:

Vegetation phase	Feed composition
Phase 1 true leaf	5 g of ammophoska per 1 m 2 of soil should be embedded in the soil.
Beginning of flowering	40 g superphosphate, 20 g potassium nitrate and 30 g ammonium nitrate dissolve in 10 liters of water and pour under the root.
Active fruiting	Pour half a bucket of manure with water to the brim, leave for a week warm place. Pour 1 liter of infusion into 10 liters of water and water the cucumbers under the root once a week.
Reduced fruiting to activate a new wave	Dissolve 3 scoops of the complex fertilizer "Agronomist Profi for Cucumbers" in 10 liters of water and water under the root once every 2 weeks. Alternative compositions: "Agricola for cucumbers, zucchini, squash"

Everyone's favorite and familiar cucumber is incredibly demanding on the quality of the soil cover. To obtain the desired results of the harvest season, it is necessary to approach the preparation and selection of land for planting with all responsibility.

Cucumbers are a very common crop. Contrary to expectations, they are quite demanding on the soil in which they grow.

It should be remembered that when growing cucumbers in greenhouse conditions, they are cultivated in 2 stages. If the plant is cultivated in stage 1, seedlings must be prepared and planted in early January-early March and harvested in late autumn, if weather conditions permit.

If cucumbers are cultivated in 2 stages, then seedlings are planted in January-March, and fruit harvesting is completed at the end of July.

When planning the spring planting of seedlings, growing cucumbers should be reduced to stage 1. This must be done at the beginning of April. At the subsequent proper care the culture will begin to bear fruit in mid-September.

What kind of soil is needed for cucumbers?

Loamy and sandy loose soils are considered the most acceptable option for growing cucumbers. Heavy and acidic types of soil cover are practically unsuitable for this crop. Also for cucumbers, the acidity level of the intended cover is important, in individual cases it is possible to use land with a low level of acidity, ideally it should be neutral.

Preparing the soil for planting cucumbers in a greenhouse involves identifying an indicator of soil acidity pH. A pH value of 7 is considered a good indicator. The lower the pH level, the less likely the plant will develop in such conditions. However, too high a level of acidity is also not suitable for cucumbers, since alkali adversely affects the growth and development of the crop.

The first thing to do when preparing the soil is to find out the pH level.

To obtain a professional opinion on this issue, you can resort to the help of specialists from the relevant laboratories, where the necessary indicators are obtained using a special Alyamovsky device.

If there is no possibility of conducting such a study in the laboratory, you can resort to characteristic signs. If weeds such as heather, sedge, wood lice, horsetail, horse sorrel grow on the territory of the selected plot of land, this indicates a high acidity of the soil. Such soil must be neutralized to a given pH level. For these purposes, slaked lime is often used - an affordable and easy-to-use component. If there is clover, chamomile, field bindweed on the site, then this indicates a neutral level of acidity, suitable for growing cucumbers.

When planting a plant in a greenhouse, temperature must also be taken into account. Ideal temperature conditions for a plant are 23 0 C. The ambient temperature should not exceed 30 0 C. In sunny weather during the day, the ideal temperature would be 28 0 C, and with high humidity - 22 0 C.

It should be noted that during the development of the culture, the temperature regime should be about 18 0 C, and during the development of the fruit - 25 0 C.

Preparing the greenhouse for planting cucumbers

Before planting a plant in a greenhouse, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work. It is worth considering that if cucumbers are planted constantly on the same soil plot for several seasons, sufficient crop volumes can not be expected. This method is already considered incorrect. If possible, it is necessary to change the planting site (or soil cover) every year to avoid plant diseases.

After each harvest, it is necessary to treat the entire greenhouse structure in the fall with a solution of chloride of lime. All existing gaps are smeared with a precipitate of this solution remaining after processing. Then the soil is dug up and sprinkled with powdered lime.

Immediately before spring planting it is necessary to remove the top layer of the earth and dig the entire area.

If the greenhouse is shelving, all used soil is thrown away. Cow dung (10 cm) is laid on the bottom of the container and placed on top of it. new earth. The soil is formed gradually: first, a layer of soil of 10 cm is formed, time is given for rest and shrinkage of the first layer, then another layer of 10-15 cm is added.

Soil preparation in a greenhouse for cucumbers in spring begins with the choice of a soil base that has the following qualities:

• good throughput and absorption capacity;
• maximum fertility.

An ideal option for such a soil cover can be humus or soddy soil. As a necessary substrate, peat, field soil or humus is used. If it is planned to add nutrients to the soil, then it is possible to make a substrate from all 3 components in such a proportion - 50% peat, 30% humus and 20% field soil. If you add crushed tree bark to peat, the yield of the plant can increase by 1.5 times. The same positive effect is given by the addition of rotted tree foliage.

Biofuels are often used to grow crops in glasshouses. In the case of using hot-type biofuels, the laying of land for seedlings begins at the end of March. It is placed in a layer of 30 cm and 2 main beds are made.

Immediately before planting the plants, the soil for cucumbers in the greenhouse is covered with lime fluff (300-500 g per 1 m 2) or wood ash is used (at least 500 g per 1 m 2). After that, the biofuel is covered with a film around the perimeter. It is under the film that harmful gases, including ammonia, will come out of the manure, which negatively affect the development of the plant.

The land under the cucumbers in the greenhouse should also be carefully checked for weeds.

After a few days, you can start laying the soil in the greenhouse. It is covered with a layer of 15 cm, and another 10-15 cm in height is added directly in the holes.

For good development soil cover plants are also fed. In the variant with cucumbers, ammonium nitrate (30 g per 1 m2) and potassium sulfate (50 g per 1 m2) can be used as top dressing.

Medium-level beds for growing cucumbers are formed in a tape or wide-row way. Between the proposed rows, it is necessary to leave a gap of 80 cm. With the tape method, the gap between the rows is left at 40 cm, the track width between the rows is 30 cm, and the distance between plants is 25 cm. The implementation of these recommendations will allow you to create for the plant optimal conditions for normal development. After all, in this way it will be closer to the light source, and the roots of the culture will receive sufficient air exchange.

After planting cucumbers, the soil is watered warm water. Note that the use of warm water is recommended when growing this crop, since from cold water the plant can acquire diseases that lead to the formation of rot, reduced yields and yellowing of the leaves.

Soil preparation in the greenhouse

It must be remembered that when growing cucumbers, it is necessary to provide the plant with careful care at all stages of growth. If you neglect the above recommendations for preparing the soil and the greenhouse for planting the plant, the required crop volume may not be obtained, since the cucumber will not be able to form and develop correctly in inappropriate conditions.

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For good growth and development, cucumbers need to arrange a multi-layer warm bed. Pick up appropriate place on the site, the place should be sunny. The first layer is drainage. Any branches, straw and grass are suitable as it. Lay the layer to a depth of approximately 30-50 cm and compact it well. Then put a layer fresh manure. In this form, the bed should stand until spring, during which time all layers will settle.

In the first days of May, fill in a layer of fertile soil (it is best to use humus). Place the arches and stretch the film or non-woven covering material. In a few days it will be possible to start landing. The manure will “burn out”, releasing heat, as a result of which the cucumbers will grow and bear fruit very comfortably.

In addition, the plant will receive almost all the necessary nutrients for its development.

If you did not have the opportunity to prepare a cucumber bed in the fall, it is quite possible to do this in the spring. Put a layer of manure (you can use unripe manure), add 3 cups wood ash and 100 g of nirofoska for 1 square meter. Then pour a layer of soil and cover the bed with a film, laying it directly on the soil and pressing it with a load. Leave the bed in this form for at least a week. After that, make holes and plant seedlings in them or, put arcs and cover the structure with a film.

If it is not possible to purchase manure, prepare compost in advance. During the summer, pile up grass, foliage, weeds. Water periodically and turn over with a pitchfork. By spring, a rotted mass should be obtained, which can be replaced with manure.

To speed up the maturation of the compost, water the plant debris with EM preparations.

How to prepare the soil for growing cucumbers in a greenhouse

In greenhouses, a large crop of cucumbers can only be obtained on soil rich in mineral fertilizers and organic matter. You can prepare the ground in the spring. First, remove the top layer of earth, then apply manure. The layer should be quite thick, about 30-40 cm. Make several holes at a distance of about 1 m and pour one bucket into each hot water. The manure will begin to “burn out” and release heat. In a couple of days, a sufficient temperature will be established for planting cucumbers.

Before planting, pour a layer of fertile substrate. Take soddy soil (you can use the top layer of soil from the greenhouse), humus, clean sand or sawdust in a ratio of 2:2:1. Pour the mixture over the manure and smooth it out. Pour a pink solution of potassium permanganate over the bed to disinfect it.

We grow a guaranteed crop of cucumbers using a proven "old-fashioned" method. Warm ridges are able to give the first cucumbers in early dates. In areas with a heat deficit, the best results when growing cucumbers are obtained only on biofuels.

Cucumber is one of my favorite vegetables. It is grown everywhere: it is cultivated in the fields and in greenhouses of vegetable farms, on the ridges of household plots, in apartments on the windowsill and on the balcony. Cucumber is cultivated in warm regions and cooler regions. climatic zones. Such wide use cucumber received due to precocity and productivity.

Cucumber is an annual herbaceous plant of the gourd family. Cucumbers are native to the humid subtropics for this very reason; a warm and humid microclimate is required to obtain a high yield of cucumbers. Growing cucumbers by seedling method is not quite correct reception. The root of the cucumber is taproot, it can reach 80-100 cm in length. But the bulk is at a depth of 20-30 centimeters. At the time of transplanting seedlings, the root suffers severe damage, after which it recovers for a very long time and subsequently produces a low yield. the best way receiving early harvest cucumber is in warm ridges. Warm beds can be built in open ground and in the greenhouse at an earlier date. In the open ground for the ridge, we choose a sunny place protected from drafts.

Soil preparation

Warm beds are prepared from fresh cattle manure. The mass is piled 1.2 meters wide, of arbitrary length, from 60 cm high. But in each case, the dimensions can be individual, depending on the presence of organic matter. Further, as the organic mass is laid, the ridge is compacted and spilled with water. Close the prepared ridge with a film and wait until drops of condensate appear on the inside of the film. The ridge is heated up to the maximum temperature. After 4-5 days, the combustion temperature drops, and mushrooms appear. At the moment the mushrooms appear, a ridge is formed in the form of a bath (40 cm deep) or holes are made (60x60 cm and 40 cm deep) after a certain distance. The holes are filled with earth with a layer of 20 cm and seeds are planted (4 seeds per square meter) to a depth of 3-4 cm, watered and covered with a film. A warm greenhouse is ready, as the sprouts germinate, arcs are installed above the ridge. Carefully monitor the air temperature on sunny days and open the film for ventilation.

If for some reason you do not have manure, then you can use compost made from crop waste and household, food waste. top layer we lay manure or water it with the Baikal EM-1 composting accelerator. The size of the compost ridge is individual with a width of 1 meter. On the surface we pour fertile soil with a layer of 20-30 centimeters and plant germinated seeds or sprouts in peat pots, or in .

Cucumber formation

As the plants grow and develop, they begin to form a stem. This is one of the main agricultural practices in the cultivation of cucumbers. On the sides of the ridge, poles 1.5 m high are installed, to which a wire is attached. From the central wire to each root we lower a separate twine for tying cucumber lashes. We form the plant into one main stem with side shoots. In the axils of the first four leaves, we remove all shoots and ovaries. We pinch the next two lateral shoots after the first ovary and the first leaf plate. Pinch above the second ovary and the second leaf. In subsequent lateral shoots, we leave three ovaries and three sheet plates. Upon reaching the central shoot of the height of the wire, we throw the shoot and let it grow 60 cm, after which we pinch the central shoot. It is impossible to allow the outgrowth of lateral shoots - this will lead to shading of plantings and yellowing of cucumbers. Throughout growing season remove yellowed leaves and fruiting side shoots. We cut out the mustache due to the inappropriate use of nutrients.

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Tip 3: How to make a simple and warm cucumber bed

In the open field, planting cucumbers twice in the same place is not effective, because manure is a natural biofuel, which many cannot afford. And you can make a heated bed yourself from improvised means.

Instruction

In the spring, it is necessary to dig up the soil, dig a small groove in place of the future ridge. Fill them with a slide with all sorts of garden garbage: weeded weeds, mowed grass, kitchen waste. Best of all, cucumbers grow on straw bedding from the stable, which has already served its purpose. In this case, feeding is not required. But in principle, any plant residues will do (except for lashes of cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkin). Tamp everything well, spill with a solution of urea (1 tsp in a bucket of water). Cover with earth, which can be taken after harvested winter garlic or cover with compost.

The beds should turn out to be impressive and rise 30 cm above the ground. Plant seedlings of cucumbers on this pillow.

First, cover the plants with a film, but if frosts are not expected and the film begins to fog up, then the earth is warm and you can replace the shelter with a thin non-woven material.
Under such a shelter, it is not necessary to open the beds every day - in the heat under it, the plants do not overheat. Care in this way is minimal: watering is plentiful in 2-3 days, top dressing 1 time in 2 weeks with any complex fertilizer.

After weeding, cover the ground under the cucumbers with mowed and slightly dried grass, then weeds grow less under the mulch, and there is no need to add soil under the stems. And the fruits remain clean and without rot.

To avoid stagnation of moisture and cucumber diseases, it is necessary to cut off yellowed and damaged leaves on plants. Tie lashes and deepen small stakes into the ground so that the grown seedlings cling to them with antennae. Then pull a thin twine along the arcs and around the perimeter.
With this method, many plants in the garden are not needed - 3-4 pieces are enough. per square meter.

Also, to save space, you can make beds right in the barrels.

For convenient harvesting in the open field, a vertical ridge will help.

In order to harvest cucumbers in the open field at the end of May, it is necessary to prepare a bed for them in the fall.

Initially, you need to choose a place for the future planting of these vegetables. Cucumbers should not be planted in the area where they grew before cucurbits to avoid infection by diseases and pests. good predecessors are cabbage and root vegetables.

First, the selected place is sprayed with a solution blue vitriol(for 10 liters of water 1 tbsp vitriol). Then they collect all plant debris from the entire garden: leaves, branches, humus. A warm bed for early cucumbers begins to be prepared in October. At the chosen place, they dig a groove up to 1 m wide and about 40 cm deep. All the collected waste is put into it, and sprinkled with a layer of soil on top. IN winter time under the snow, the garbage will overheat and generate heat. In April, when the snow melts and the first warm days appear, cucumber seedlings can be planted on this bed. In the garden, arcs are installed for film shelter. If during the winter the garbage is dry, it is poured with hot water.
Also, this rotted garbage can be used for another cooking method. warm beds under cucumbers. Only it is used not earlier than the beginning of May.

Garbage is removed from the ground and beds up to 70 cm high and up to 1 m wide are made. At the same time, it is carefully compacted. In the garden in the garbage, holes are made up to 30 cm deep in a checkerboard pattern and covered with prepared soil from a mixture of peat, humus, sawdust and sand. They also cover the entire bed with a layer of 3-4 cm to give a neat look. Then seedlings of cucumbers are planted in these holes.

These are the ways to prepare a warm bed for early cucumbers.

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