Table of the influence of prominent people on social development. earth population

There are a lot of people who have changed the world. These are well-known doctors who came up with cures for diseases and learned how to perform complex operations; politicians who started wars and conquered countries; astronauts who first orbited the Earth and set foot on the Moon and so on. There are thousands of them, and it is impossible to tell about all of them. This article lists only a small part of these geniuses, thanks to which scientific discoveries, new reforms and trends in art appeared. They are individuals who changed the course of history.

Alexander Suvorov

The great commander, who lived in the 18th century, became a cult person. He is a person who influenced the course of history with his mastery of strategy and skillful planning of war tactics. His name is inscribed in golden letters in the annals of Russian history, he is remembered as a tireless brilliant military commander.

Alexander Suvorov devoted his entire life to battles and battles. He is a member of seven wars, led 60 battles, not knowing defeat. His literary talent manifested itself in a book in which he teaches the younger generation the art of warfare, shares his experience and knowledge. In this area, Suvorov was ahead of his era for many years ahead.

His merit, first of all, is that he improved the tendencies of warfare, developed new methods of offensives and attacks. All his science was based on three pillars: onslaught, speed and eye. This principle developed in the soldiers a sense of purpose, the development of initiative and a sense of mutual assistance in relation to their colleagues. In battles, he always went ahead of ordinary soldiers, showing them an example of courage and heroism.

Catherine II

This woman is a phenomenon. Like all other personalities who influenced the course of history, she was charismatic, strong and intelligent. She was born in Germany, but in 1744 she came to Russia as a bride for the Empress' nephew, Grand Duke Peter III. Her husband was uninteresting and apathetic, they almost did not communicate. Catherine spent all her free time reading legal and economic works, she was captured by the idea of ​​the Enlightenment. Having found her like-minded people at court, she easily overthrew her husband from the throne and became the full-fledged ruler of the Russian Empire.

The period of her reign is called "golden" for the nobility. The ruler reformed the Senate, took church lands into the state treasury, which enriched the state and made life easier for ordinary peasants. In this case, the influence of the individual on the course of history implies the adoption of a mass of new legislative acts. On account of Catherine: the provincial reform, the expansion of the rights and freedoms of the nobility, the creation of estates following the example of Western European society and the restoration of Russia's authority throughout the world.

Peter the First

Another ruler of Russia, who lived a hundred years earlier than Catherine, also played a huge role in the development of the state. He is not just a person who influenced the course of history. Peter 1 became a national genius. He was hailed as an educator, "the light of the era", the savior of Russia, a man who opened the eyes of the common people to the European style of life and government. Remember the phrase "window to Europe"? So, it was Peter the Great who "cut through" it to spite all envious people.

Tsar Peter became a great reformer, his changes in the foundations of the state at first frightened the nobility, and then aroused admiration. This is a person who influenced the course of history by the fact that, thanks to him, progressive discoveries and achievements of Western countries were introduced into "hungry and unwashed" Russia. Peter the Great managed to expand the economic and cultural boundaries of his empire, conquered new lands. Russia was recognized as a great power and appreciated its role in the international arena.

Alexander II

After Peter the Great, this was the only tsar who began to carry out such large-scale reforms. His innovations completely updated the face of Russia. Like other famous personalities who changed the course of history, this ruler deserved respect and recognition. The period of his reign falls on the XIX century.

The main achievement of the king was in Russia, which hampered the economic and cultural development of the country. Of course, the predecessors of Alexander II, Catherine the Great and Nicholas the First, also thought about the elimination of a system very similar to slavery. But none of them dared to turn the foundations of the state upside down.

Such drastic changes took place rather late, as a revolt of discontented people was already brewing in the country. In addition, reforms stalled in the 1880s, which angered the revolutionary youth. The reformer tsar became the target of their terror, which led to the end of the transformation and completely influenced the development of Russia in the future.

Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich, a famous revolutionary, a person who influenced the course of history. Lenin led a revolt in Russia against the autocracy. He led the revolutionaries to the barricades, as a result of which Tsar Nicholas II was overthrown and the communists came to power in the state, whose rule spanned a whole century and led to significant, cardinal changes in the lives of ordinary people.

Studying the works of Engels and Marx, Lenin advocated equality and condemned capitalism in every possible way. The theory is good, but in practice it was difficult to implement, since the representatives of the elite still lived, bathing in luxury, and ordinary workers and peasants worked hard around the clock. But that was later, but at the time of Lenin, at first glance, everything turned out the way he wanted it to.

During the reign of Lenin, such important events as the First World War, the Civil War in Russia, the cruel and ridiculous execution of the entire royal family, the transfer of the capital from St. Petersburg to Moscow, the founding of the Red Army, the complete establishment of Soviet power and the adoption of its first Constitution fall.

Stalin

People who changed the course of history... The name of Iosif Vissarionovich burns in bright scarlet letters on their list. He became the "terrorist" of his time. The founding of a network of camps, the exile of millions of innocent people there, the execution of entire families for dissent, artificial famine - all this radically changed people's lives. Some considered Stalin the devil, others God, since it was he who at that time decided the fate of every citizen of the Soviet Union. Of course, he was neither one nor the other. The frightened people themselves put him on a pedestal. The cult of personality was created on the basis of general fear and the blood of the innocent victims of the era.

The person who influenced the course of history, Stalin, distinguished himself not only by mass terror. Of course, his contribution to the history of Russia has a positive side. It was during his reign that the state made a powerful economic breakthrough, scientific institutions and culture began to develop. It was he who led the army that defeated Hitler and saved all of Europe from fascism.

Nikita Khrushchev

This is a very controversial person who influenced the course of history. His versatile nature is well demonstrated by the tombstone erected to him, made of white and black stone at the same time. Khrushchev, on the one hand, was Stalin's man, and on the other, a leader who tried to trample on the cult of personality. He launched cardinal reforms that were to completely change the bloody system, released millions of innocently convicted from the camps, pardoned hundreds of thousands of those sentenced to death. This period was even called the "thaw", since persecution and terror ceased.

But Khrushchev did not know how to bring big things to an end, so his reforms can be called half-hearted. The lack of education made him a narrow-minded person, but excellent intuition, natural sanity and political flair helped him stay in the highest echelons of power for so long and find a way out in critical situations. It was thanks to Khrushchev that he managed to avoid a nuclear war during and even turn the bloodiest page in the history of Russia.

Dmitry Mendeleev

Russia has given rise to many great universals that have improved various areas of science. But Mendeleev should be singled out, since his contribution to its development is invaluable. Chemistry, physics, geology, economics, sociology - Mendeleev managed to study all this and open new horizons in these areas. He was also a famous shipbuilder, aeronaut and encyclopedist.

The person who influenced the course of history, Mendeleev, discovered the ability to predict the emergence of new chemical elements, the discovery of which is still taking place today. His table is the basis of chemistry lessons at school and at the university. Among his achievements is also a complete study of gas dynamics, experiments that helped to derive the equation of state of a gas.

In addition, the scientist actively studied the properties of oil, developed a policy of injecting investments into the economy and proposed to optimize the customs service. His invaluable advice was used by many ministers of the tsarist government.

Ivan Pavlov

Like all individuals who influenced the course of history, he was a very intelligent person, possessed a broad outlook and inner intuition. Ivan Pavlov actively used animals in his experiments, trying to highlight the common features of the vital activity of complex organisms, including humans.

Pavlov was able to prove the diverse activity of nerve endings in the cardiovascular system. He showed how he could regulate blood pressure. He also became the discoverer of the trophic nervous function, which consists in the influence of nerves on the process of regeneration and tissue formation.

Later, he took up the physiology of the digestive tract, as a result of which he received the Nobel Prize in 1904. His main achievement is considered to be the study of the work of the brain, higher nervous activity, conditioned reflexes and the so-called human signal system. His works became the basis of many theories in medicine.

Mikhail Lomonosov

He lived and worked during the reign of Peter the Great. Then the emphasis was placed on the development of education and enlightenment, and the first Academy of Sciences was created in Russia, in which Lomonosov spent many of his days. He, a simple peasant, was able to rise to incredible heights, run up the social ladder and turn into a scientist, whose trail of fame stretches to this day.

He was interested in everything related to physics and chemistry. He dreamed of freeing the latter from the influence of medicine and pharmaceuticals. It was thanks to him that modern physical chemistry was born as a science and began to develop actively. In addition, he was a famous encyclopedist, studied history and wrote chronicles. He considered Peter the Great an ideal ruler, a key figure in the formation of the state. In his scientific writings, he described him as a model of the mind that changed history and turned the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe management system. Through the efforts of Lomonosov, the first university, Moscow, was founded in Russia. Since that time, higher education began to develop.

Yuri Gagarin

People who influenced the course of history... Their list is difficult to imagine without the name of Yuri Gagarin, the man who conquered space. Starry space has attracted people for many centuries, but only in the last century, mankind began to explore it. At that time, the technical base for such flights was already well developed.

The space age was marked by competition between the Soviet Union and the United States. The leaders of the giant countries tried to show their power and superiority, and space was one of the best ways to demonstrate this. In the middle of the 20th century, competition began over who could send a man into orbit faster. The USSR won this race. We all know the famous date since school: on April 12, 1961, the first cosmonaut flew into orbit, where he spent 108 minutes. This hero's name was Yuri Gagarin. The day after his journey into space, he woke up famous all over the world. Although, paradoxically, he never considered himself great. Gagarin often said that in those one and a half hours he did not even have time to understand what was happening to him and what his feelings were at the same time.

Alexander Pushkin

It is called "the sun of Russian poetry". He has long become a national symbol of Russia, his poems, poems and prose are highly valued and revered. And not only in the countries of the former Soviet Union, but all over the world. Almost every city in Russia has a street, square or square named after Alexander Pushkin. Children study his work at school, devoting to him not only school time, but also extracurricular time in the form of thematic literary evenings.

This man created such harmonious poetry that it has no equal in the whole world. It was with his work that the development of new literature and all its genres began - from poetry to theatrical plays. Pushkin is read in one breath. It is characterized by accuracy, rhythmic lines, they are quickly remembered and easily recited. If we also take into account the enlightenment of this person, his strength of character and deep inner core, then it can be argued that he is really a person who influenced the course of history. He taught people to speak Russian in its modern interpretation.

Other historical figures

There are so many that it would be impossible to list them all in one article. Here are examples of a small part of Russian figures who changed history. And how many others are there? This is Gogol, and Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy. If we analyze foreign personalities, then one cannot fail to note the old philosophers: Aristotle and Plato; artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Picasso, Monet; geographers and discoverers of lands: Magellan, Cook and Columbus; scientists: Galileo and Newton; politicians: Thatcher, Kennedy and Hitler; inventors: Bell and Edison.

All these people were able to completely turn the world upside down, create their own laws and scientific discoveries. Some of them made the world a better place, and some almost destroyed it. In any case, every person on planet Earth knows their names and understands that without these personalities, our life would be completely different. Reading the biographies of famous people, we often find ourselves idols from whom we want to take an example and be equal in all our deeds and actions.

Determine the goals, objectives, prospects for activities aimed at creating conditions for the harmonious development of the child's personality;

Take into account age-sex and individual characteristics of human development in determining the content, forms, methods, means of organizing activities and communication;

To analyze the nature and degree of influence on the formation of the personality of both each factor individually and their combination.

Preparation for the seminar

Questions and tasks for self-examination

Describe the essence of the concepts that explain the factors under the influence of which a person develops.

Describe the degree of influence of heredity, environment and upbringing on human development.

Why is activity the leading factor in personality formation?

What is the role of learning in personality development?

Expand the structure of learning activities.

Highlight the main components of the static and functional models of learning.

How do the forms of organization of educational activities affect the development of students?

Expand the features of the purpose of education and the goals of the educational process.

What place does self-education occupy in the structure of the process of personality formation?

How do socialization, upbringing and personality development relate?

Describe the factors of socialization.

Expand the ratio of socialization and upbringing.

Name the main types of potential and real victims of adverse conditions of socialization and describe them.

control test

1. Establish a hierarchy of the following concepts: education of a person, development and formation of personality, socialization of personality, development of personality.

Fill in the chart:

2. Check yourself by carefully studying the materials and fill out the following table.

		Difference
Development is a purposeful process of determining quantitative and qualitative changes and transformations in a person, leading to an increase in the level of its development.		Purposeful and consciously carried out by the person himself the process of influencing his personality (self-awareness, worldview, accumulation of experience, etc.)
Formation is the process of mastering a special sphere of social experience, but it is completely different from the mastery of knowledge, skills, etc. Indeed, as a result of this mastery, new motives and needs are formed, their transformation and subordination.	Aimed at the formation of a person's personality	Copying by an individual of external organized influences
Socialization is the assimilation and reproduction by a person of cultural values, social norms, attitudes, patterns of behavior, his self-development and self-realization in the society in which he lives.	Aimed at the formation of a person's personality	It is both organized and spontaneous, not always meaningful process of influencing the personality of society
Education is the transfer of sociocultural experience to the younger generation in order to prepare it for an independent social life and productive work.	Aimed at the formation of a person's personality	A purposeful and consciously implemented process of influencing the personality of the whole society

3. As you understand, the statement of A.G. Asmolov and A.V. Petrovsky, cited in the Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia: “They are born as individuals. They become a person. Individuality is upheld."

I understand it as , the fact that an individual is a representative of the human race, similar to all other people (musculoskeletal structure, nervous system, location of internal organs, etc.), but at the same time different from others by a number of individual characteristics (color of eyes, hair, skin , body structure, etc.). A person is born as an individual, but becomes a person in the process of his development, upbringing, in other words, he acquires special qualities that are formed only in the course of communication with other people or nature. Is it individualitya combination of psychological characteristics of a person that determine his uniqueness, originality, difference from other people. The prerequisites for the formation of human individuality are the environment where he grows up, associations, upbringing, family.

on society:

- What place does religion take in your life, the life of your family, society as a whole?

(The role of religion is growing every year. We understand this when we see communication between the president and the patriarch in the media, their interaction on some issues, the presence of the president at services, the appeal of young people to religion, etc.);

Since the influence of religion on society is so great, then we need to understand, to see the positive and negative aspects of this phenomenon.

Look at the screen. Now we will fill in the table together. I will read the thesis to you, and you will determine in which column to put it. Do not forget to fill in the table in the reference notes. There you need to enter only abstract numbers. Theses:

1 .Thanks to religion, man stood out from the natural world and began to be perceived as "god-like."

2. Religious activity can reach the level of fanaticism, religious warriors aimed at the destruction of non-believers (Inquisition), the activities of terrorists justified by the laws of religion (Wahhabis).

3. Religion gives humanity moral standards, and culture, traditions, and politics are based on this.

4 . Religion helps a person to find the purpose and meaning of life, to find a solution to their problems.

5. At present, many charlatans have appeared around religion, who speculate on superstitions (clairvoyants, magicians), as well as sects that promote anti-social ideas, in which, for example, a family can be called a "creation of evil."

6. at turning points in history, when the old ideals in society have been destroyed, and the new ones have not yet been entrenched, religion comes to the rescue, with its eternal, unchanging commandments

7. Religion often imposes a ban on a certain type of activity, science, art. It fetters the creative power of people, calls for humility with evil.

8 .Religious activity can reach fanaticism, religious warriors aimed at destroying non-believers (Inquisition), terrorist activities justified by the laws of religion (Wahhabis)

Conclusion: (Screen)

The role of religions in modern society is controversial, because can

find both positive and negative aspects of religious beliefs. Philosophers see the future of religion in two ways: either its role will increase, or religion will be supplanted by science.

6. Consolidation of acquired knowledge. ( screen)

Questions to reinforce: On the desks you have blitz survey cards. You need to answer 5 questions within three minutes.

Why are there many different religions?

What religions are world and why?

What is the basis of religion?

What is the role of religion in modern society?

What is the future of religion?

I will ask you to hand over all the cards of the blitz survey to me.

7. Homework: (screen)

1. Understand the lecture materials.

2. Logic task:

8. Summing up. It was a pleasure to work with you, goodbye.

Reference abstract for lecture No. 14 "Religion as a phenomenon of culture"

1. The concept of religion, a brief description of world religions.

2. Positive and negative influence of religions on society.

Exercise. Fill in the table by reading the abstracts (only the numbers of the proposed abstracts can be entered in the table).

1. Give examples of prominent people belonging to different races. Fill the table

Field of activity	Caucasian race	Mongoloid race	Negroid race
Political figures	Mikhail Gorbachev, Angela Merkel, Charles de Gaulle	Mao Zedong, Yasser Arafat, Akihito	Nelson Mandella, Martin Luther King, Barack Abama
actors	Nikita Mikhalkov, Brigitte Bardot, Jean-Paul Belmondo	Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan, Miura Haruma	Damon Waynes, Eddie Murphy, Vanessa Williams
Musicians	Ludwig van Beethoven, Mstislav Rostropovich, Niccolo Paganini	Vanessa May, Viktor Tsoi	Louis Armstrong, Michael Jackson, Jimi Hendrix
Athletes	Michael Schumacher, Andre Agassi, Sergei Bubka	Pak Ji-soon, Konstantin Ju	Muhammad Ali, Michael Jordan, Pele

2. Compare the map of the "States of the World" in the atlas and the map in figure 101 in the textbook. Give two examples each of countries where the population is dominated by representatives of different races.

Caucasoid: UK, Denmark

Mongoloid: Mongolia, Japan

Negroid: Somalia, Chad

3. With the help of additional sources of information, give examples of countries with the largest population. Indicate on which continent each country is located.

a) China - Eurasia

b) India - Eurasia

c) USA - North America

d) Indonesia - Eurasia

e) Brazil - South America

f) Pakistan - Eurasia

4. What type is your locality?

Answer: Our settlement belongs to medium-sized cities.

How many people live in it?

Answer: 60 thousand people live in it.

Where do the people living in your community work?

Answer: Basically, people work in industrial enterprises and the service sector.

5. What natural disasters can happen in your area?

Make a memo "Rules of conduct in case of an earthquake" according to the plan.

Is it possible to warn of an impending natural disaster in advance?

Answer: It is impossible to warn about an earthquake.

Where is the best place to wait out a disaster? What do you need to take with you?

Answer: It is best to wait out the earthquake on the street, in a territory remote from buildings and trees. When going outside, you need to take documents, money, a small container with water, some food, necessary medicines.

Where is the best place to be if a natural disaster finds you at home?

Answer: If the earthquake caught in the house, you need to stand in the doorway or corner of the room. You can also hide under the table, bed.

What should you do at home before a disaster strikes?

Answer: Shut off gas, water, turn off electrical appliances from sockets. Warn neighbors and relatives.

What rules should be observed immediately after the end of a natural disaster?

Answer: After an earthquake, it is necessary to follow the warnings, as aftershocks are possible. Enter the premises only after the permission of the relevant services.

He defended his dissertation in which he tried to find the "laws of generation" of all organic bodies, and in accordance with this he successively considered in it the "genesis of plants", "the generation of animals" and, finally, "the general laws of the generation of organic bodies." Wolff made an important discovery while studying the development of stems, leaves, and flowers. He found that the tops of each growing shoot have a distinct "growing point or surface". Before Wolf, the process of "unfolding" (evolutio) of the bud, flower, and leaf was a classic example of preformation. Wolff's assertion that inside any leaf bud there are no noticeable leaves, but only the "internal substance of plants", which gives rise to the rudiments of leaves, was the starting point for a new principle of development. Another important discovery is made by K.F. Wolf, tracing the development of a flower. The doctrine of plant metamorphosis was completed by him in a work of the St. Petersburg period (1767), in which he states: “In the whole plant, the parts of which at first glance are so unusually diverse, I see, upon mature consideration, nothing more than leaves and a stem .. All parts of the plant, with the exception of the stem, are, therefore, only modified leaves. This doctrine of plant metamorphosis is an indisputable historical merit of K.F. Wolf. He also observed the development of an incubated chicken egg. He discovered the formation of "blood islands", which then turn into blood and blood vessels; he described the formation of limbs, primary kidneys, and a number of other organs. Such, in brief, are Wolff's observations that enabled him to reject the theory of preformation and put forward the idea of ​​the true development of plants and animals. In 1767, Wolf came to Russia, and in September of the same year submitted his new work, On the Formation of the Intestine in a Chicken, for publication. This is the most mature work of K.F. Wolf - a strictly scientific treatise, in which he refrains from hasty natural-philosophical generalizations; he formulates the general principle of the development of organs: “The part which, when completed, has an internal cavity, or represents a tube or reservoir, in its original state was open and stretched in the form of a certain kind of simple plate, the edges of which were forced to fold together to form whole channel. K.F. Wolf relentlessly reiterated that the patterns he discovered were "the main evidence for epigenesis." Thanks to the collection of the Kunstkamera, he wrote numerous anatomical works that were published annually for 25 years in the proceedings of the St. Petersburg Academy and wrote at least 1000 pages, descriptions of freaks that were especially interesting, from his point of view, still unpublished.