A fire at an industrial enterprise can bring huge losses to the state and entail significant casualties. To avoid them, each worker must comply with fire prevention measures.

When performing copper and tinsmith work, fires may occur for a variety of reasons.

Fires can be caused by ignition electrical wires. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the health of the wires. After finishing work, turn off the light bulbs.

Fires can be caused by rags, pieces of rags and paper used to clean cars, as they easily ignite if fire is handled carelessly. After finishing work, rags, ends, pieces of rags and paper must be removed in special boxes. To avoid the risk of fire, it is forbidden to carry out work related to heating near flammable and flammable materials. It is necessary to ensure that there are no easily flammable and flammable materials near the heating devices.

Some chemicals are also highly flammable. Under the same conditions, different chemicals can give different reactions during a fire and form poisonous gases.

Some chemicals can ignite when exposed to air and cause an explosion at high temperatures. Exploded chemicals can spread over long distances, starting new fires. The flammability of oils and other liquids is one of the most serious fire hazards.

Fires are also caused by smoking in unauthorized places. Therefore, smoking should only be done in designated areas.

Fire brigades operate at machine-building enterprises, the so-called "combat crews of the DPD department." The duties of the members of the voluntary fire brigade are determined by the combat crew report, which indicates their actions in case of fire and preventive tasks.

Fire-fighting equipment and inventory are assigned to members of the voluntary fire brigade, who monitor their serviceability and suitability for use.

In the event of a fire at a machine-building enterprise, you must immediately call a professional fire brigade (district or city).

Before the arrival of the specified fire brigade fire extinguishing is carried out by a voluntary fire brigade with the active participation of all employees of the enterprise.

When extinguishing small fires, the simplest fire-fighting equipment and equipment is usually used: buckets of water, sand, a blanket, etc. Dry sand is used to extinguish a hot liquid or a burning container (vessel) is covered with a dense cloth.

It is impossible to break glass in the windows during a fire, as this can increase the draft of air and thereby increase the source of the fire.

For extinguishing fires and catching fire, hand-held foam fire extinguishers of the OP-3 or OP-5 model are used.

The fire extinguisher model OP-3 is activated by hitting the striker against a solid object, and the fire extinguisher OP-5 is activated by turning the handle up. After that, the body of the fire extinguisher is turned with its head down and the foam is directed to the flame.

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers can be successfully used to extinguish fires. Carbon dioxide has valuable properties that make it possible to quite effectively extinguish fires and fires; in a snowy state, its temperature reaches minus 70 ° C, it does not conduct electricity and does not leave any noticeable marks on things and objects. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are used to eliminate the ignition of flammable liquids, as well as to extinguish electrical equipment and electrical installations that are energized. Industrial enterprises three types of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are produced: with a cylinder capacity of 2 l (OU-2), 5 l (OU-5) and 8 l (OU-8). Inside the cylinder body there is liquid carbon dioxide at a working pressure of 170 atm. The carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is activated by turning the valve handle counterclockwise. A hose with a snowmaker is attached to the valve, through which liquid carbon dioxide is ejected in the form of snow and gas and, enveloping the burning object, extinguishes the fire.

To extinguish a fire, use internal fire hydrants installed in wall niches or in special cabinets (drawers). The internal fire hydrant is equipped with a sleeve, a barrel and rubber gaskets. The use of taps in case of fire is not difficult: it is enough to attach a fire hose with a barrel to the tap and open the valve to start the water. While working with the barrel, it is necessary to ensure that the sleeve is straightened and does not have “creases”.

Stationary air-foam installations are also used to extinguish fires. Stationary air-foam installations are most effective when extinguishing a large number flammable or flammable liquids. To extinguish fires with water at the beginning of their occurrence, sprinkler and deluge installations are used. The sprinkler installation consists of a network of pipes laid indoors, water feeders and special heads screwed into the pipes - sprinklers that automatically open when the air temperature rises caused by open fire.

A drencher differs from a sprinkler in that it does not have a lock, and the water outlet is always open. Drencher installations can be manual, with water supplied from the water feeder through a valve, and automatic.

ABOUT FIRE SAFETY MEASURES

APPROVE

__________________________

title of manager

__________________________

name of company

_____________ ____________

signature transcript signature

"__" _____________ 2006

1. General requirements security

1.1. Primary fire safety briefing on compliance with measures fire safety All newly hired employees must pass. Persons who have not passed fire safety training are not allowed to work.

1.2. On the territory, in the production, administrative, storage and auxiliary premises of the enterprise, smoking areas must be equipped, places and the permissible amount of one-time storage of flammable, combustible substances, raw materials and finished products established the procedure for carrying out hot work. All premises must be equipped with fire safety and instructions for their use.

1.3. The person responsible for ensuring fire safety is appointed by the head of the organization from among the employees of the production department.

1.4. The person responsible for ensuring fire safety is obliged to:

Be guided in their activities by this instruction;

Familiarize employees with real fire safety measures;

Do not allow employees to work in premises and on the territory where there is a threat of a fire hazard or safety measures are violated;

Do not allow work with the use of open flame, electric and gas welding in places not provided for this purpose, without the written permission of the administration;

Avoid cluttering up fire entrances to buildings and structures, to water sources, approaches to fire equipment, as well as passages in buildings, corridors and stairwells;

At the end of each working day, check the condition of the premises for compliance with fire safety measures;

Periodically, at least once every 6 months, check the knowledge of employees on fire safety techniques, including the ability to handle technical equipment.

Keep a special log of the state of fire safety at the enterprise in the prescribed form.

1.5. All employees of the enterprise are required to know these requirements of the Instruction and the rules of conduct in the event of a fire hazard.

1.6. Employees of the organization are prohibited from working in overalls soaked in fuels and lubricants.

1.7. For violation of this instruction, the perpetrators bear disciplinary, material, administrative, criminal liability, provided for by the current legislation. Russian Federation depending on the nature of the violation and the severity of its consequences.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, employees of the enterprise must:

2.1.1. Check condition and serviceability technical means firefighting.

2.1.2. watch the premises, completely excluding the conditions for the occurrence of a fire.

2.1.3. Report to the management of the organization and the person responsible for ensuring fire safety about all malfunctions, incidents, situations that can lead to a fire, indicating the causes of these circumstances and the perpetrators.

3. Safety requirements during work

Maintenance of the territory of the enterprise

3.1.1. Administrative premises, the territory of the production complex and warehouses must be constantly kept clean and systematically cleared of industrial waste.

3.1.2. Free access must be provided to all buildings, structures and premises of the enterprise.

3.1.3. In the places designated for smoking, ballot boxes are installed and appropriate signs are hung out.

3.1.4. It is forbidden to use fire breaks between buildings for storage of materials, equipment, containers, parking lots.

3.1.5. On the territory of the production complex of the enterprise, in parking lots, it is prohibited to use open fire to heat up vehicle units, burn garbage and waste.

3.1.6. On the territory of the enterprise, fire shields and instructions on the procedure for calling the fire brigade are installed in prominent places, the premises of the enterprise must be equipped with diagrams and signs of emergency exit for personnel in the event of a fire hazard.

3.1.7. Vehicles and other Vehicle whose exhaust pipes are not equipped with spark arresters.

3.1.8. Storage of cylinders with combustible gases is allowed only in separate non-combustible warehouses, provided that cylinders are protected from sources of thermal energy.

3.1.9. Placement of group balloon installations without gaps from buildings is allowed only near deaf and non-combustible walls of buildings.

Room maintenance

3.2.1. On the stairwells of structures it is forbidden to arrange storage, working and other premises, as well as to install equipment that impedes the movement of people.

3.2.2. Passages, exits, corridors, stairs are prohibited from cluttering up with various objects and equipment. All doors of emergency exits must open freely in the direction of the exit from the premises.

3.2.3. In basements with access to common staircases and basement floors of industrial and administrative premises, the use and storage of explosive substances, gas cylinders, as well as substances that have an increased fire hazard are prohibited.

3.2.4. It is forbidden to use the attic space in production purposes or to store wealth. These rooms must be permanently closed with a padlock, the keys to the locks attic space should be stored in a certain place, accessible for receiving them at any time of the day.

3.2.5. Wooden structures of attic spaces must be treated with a fire retardant composition.

3.2.6. openings in fire walls and ceilings must be equipped with protective devices against the spread of fire and combustion products.

3.2.7. In the production and administrative premises of the enterprise it is prohibited:

Install industrial equipment, furniture, safes and other items on evacuation routes;

To clean the premises using gasoline, kerosene and other flammable and combustible liquids;

Smoking, using electric heaters in places not specially equipped for this purpose.

3.2.8. Welding, painting, woodworking, as well as washing parts using flammable liquids should only be carried out in specially designated areas.

3.2.9. In premises intended for parking, maintenance and repair of vehicles, as well as in parking lots under canopies and in open areas, it is prohibited:

Installation of cars in quantities exceeding the norm, violation of the method of their arrangement, reduction of the distance between cars;

Parking of cars with open mouths of gas tanks, as well as in the presence of fuel leaks in cars;

Storage of containers from under flammable and combustible liquids;

Blocking exit gates and driveways.

3.2.10. Oily cleaning materials and industrial waste should be collected in designated areas. Spilled gas welding materials must be immediately cleaned up with sawdust, sand, etc.

3.2.11. Parking spaces and playgrounds open storage must be equipped with towing ropes and rods.

electrical safety

3.3.1. It is forbidden to leave uninsulated ends of wires and cables on the walls, floor after dismantling of equipment, electrical installations, lighting equipment.

3.3.2. In places where the formation of static electricity is possible, grounding devices must be provided.

3.3.3. In rooms with increased danger and especially dangerous when installing lamps with a voltage of 220 V general lighting with incandescent lamps at a height of 2.5 m, it is necessary to use lamps, the design of which excludes the possibility of access to the lamp without the use of a tool. The electrical wiring supplied to the luminaire must be in metal tubes.

3.3.4. Fixtures with fluorescent lamps voltage 127-22 V is allowed to be installed at a height of less than 2.5 m from the floor, provided that their current-carrying parts are not accessible for accidental contact.

3.3.5. To power lamps and portable lamps in rooms with increased danger and especially dangerous, it is allowed to use a voltage not higher than 42 V . Portable lamps must be protected from mechanical damage.

3.3.6. Emergency lighting should be provided if the shutdown of working lighting and the associated violation of the normal maintenance of equipment and mechanisms can cause an explosion and fire. In industrial premises without natural light working and emergency lighting, both for continuation of work and for evacuation, must be powered by two independent sources of energy. The working and emergency lighting networks must be separate, and the use of electric power networks to power working or emergency lighting is not allowed.

3.3.7. The installation of oil-filled electrical equipment (transformers, switches, cable lines) in the premises must be protected by stationary or mobile fire extinguishing installations.

3.3.8. Electric motors, lamps, wires, switchgears must be cleaned of hot dust at least 2 times a month with a small release of dust, smoke and soot; 3 times a month with an average release and at least 4 times a month with a significant one.

3.3.9. During the operation of electrical installations it is prohibited:

Apply knife switches open type or knife switches with casings having a slot for the handle (with the exception of switchboard rooms);

Use cables and wires with damaged insulation;

Leave heaters on long time included in the network without supervision;

Use home-made electric heaters and devices for space heating;

Leave electrical wires and cables with uninsulated ends energized;

Use damaged sockets, switches and other electrical installation products.

Heating

3.4.1. Before the beginning heating season Boiler rooms, calorific installations and local heating devices must be carefully checked and repaired. It is forbidden to allow for operation faulty stoves and heating devices, as well as non-standard (home-made) electric heaters and devices.

3.4.2. It is forbidden to operate boiler rooms, furnaces and other heating appliances that do not have fire protection from combustible structures industrial premises.

3.4.3. Air heaters and heating appliances should be located so that they have free access for inspection and cleaning. Heating devices in industrial premises with significant emissions of combustible dust must have smooth surfaces.

3.4.4. Chimneys of solid fuel boilers must be equipped with reliable spark arresters and cleaned of soot at least three times a month.

3.4.5. It is forbidden to put overalls, oiled rags, combustible materials on heating devices and heating pipelines.

3.4.6. At each furnace in front of the furnace opening on wooden floor a metal sheet with a size of at least 500 * 700 mm must be nailed.

3.4.7. Fuel must be stored in rooms specially adapted for this purpose or in specially designated areas located no closer than 15 m from combustible buildings.

3.4.8. During the operation of stove heating is prohibited:

Leave fuel directly in front of the furnace opening;

Use petrol, kerosene, diesel fuel and other flammable and combustible liquids;

Leave heating stoves unattended;

Drying and stacking firewood, clothes, etc.

Provision and maintenance of fire extinguishing, communication and signaling equipment

3.5.1. It is forbidden to use fire equipment for household, industrial and other needs not related to fire fighting.

3.5.2. Fire hydrants, hydrant-columns and fire hydrants at least every 6 months must be subjected to maintenance and checked for performance by running water with the registration of the check in a special log.

3.5.3. Fire hydrants of the internal fire water supply in all rooms must be equipped with sleeves and trunks enclosed in cabinets that are sealed. Fire hoses must be dry, well rolled up and attached to taps and barrels.

3.5.4. The letter index of the PC, the serial number of the crane, and the telephone number of the nearest fire department must be indicated on the door of the fire hydrant cabinet.

3.5.5. Fire extinguishers should be placed on the floor in special cabinets or at a height of not more than 1.5 m from the floor level to the lower end of the fire extinguisher and at a distance of at least 1.2 m from the edge of the door when it is opened.

3.5.6. The fire extinguisher must be installed so that the instructive inscription on its body is clearly visible.

3.5.7. For fire extinguishers located on outdoors on the territory of the enterprise, lockers, canopies-peaks should be arranged.

3.5.8. At least once every 30 days, fire extinguishers installed at the enterprise must be subjected to an external inspection (check the integrity of the safety plate at foam fire extinguishers and fillings) and wipe clean from contamination.

3.5.9. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, when placed on objects, must be protected from heating above 50 0 C and exposure to sunlight.

3.5.10. Cylinders of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are subject to inspection every 5 years of operation.

3.5.11. Each fire extinguisher put into operation is assigned a serial number, which is applied with paint to the fire extinguisher body.

3.5.12. Each box of sand must have 2 metal shovels at all times. Boxes should be tightly closed with lids, which should be inscribed "sand in case of fire." The sand and box should be inspected regularly. If moisture or clumping is detected, the sand must be dried.

3.5.13. Asbestos cloth, felt (felt felt) must be stored in metal cases with lids and periodically dried and cleaned of dust.

4. Safety requirements in a fire hazard situation

4.1. Each employee who discovers a fire or ignition must:

Immediately stop all work not related to fire extinguishing measures;

Turn off all electrical appliances and production equipment;

Remove from the premises or the danger zone all workers who are not involved in the elimination of the fire;

Ensure the protection of people involved in fire fighting from possible collapse of structures, electric shock, poisoning, burns.

Promptly report the incident to the city and local fire department notify the administration of the enterprise;

Start extinguishing the source of fire with the available fire extinguishing equipment;

If necessary, call the gas rescue, medical and other services.

4.2. The organization of the liquidation of a fire hazardous situation is assumed by the person responsible for ensuring fire safety at the enterprise.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

5.1. At the end of work, each employee must check fire condition your workplace.

5.2. The person responsible for ensuring fire safety is obliged, upon completion of work, to check the fire-prevention condition of the premises as a whole.

5.3. The person responsible for ensuring fire safety is obliged to inform the administration of all violations identified, the perpetrators and measures taken for their elimination.

1. General safety requirements

1.1. All newly hired employees must undergo primary fire safety briefing on compliance with fire safety measures. Persons who have not passed fire safety training are not allowed to work.

1.2. On the territory, in the production, administrative, storage and auxiliary premises of the enterprise, smoking areas should be equipped, places and the permissible amount of one-time storage of flammable, combustible substances, raw materials and finished products should be determined, and a procedure for conducting hot work should be established. All premises must be equipped with fire safety equipment and instructions for their use.

1.3. The person responsible for ensuring fire safety is appointed by the head of the organization from among the employees of the production department.

1.4. The person responsible for ensuring fire safety is obliged to:

Be guided in their activities by this instruction;

Familiarize employees with real fire safety measures;

Do not allow employees to work in premises and on the territory where there is a threat of a fire hazard or safety measures are violated;

Do not allow work with the use of open flame, electric and gas welding in places not provided for this purpose, without the written permission of the administration;

Avoid cluttering up fire entrances to buildings and structures, to water sources, approaches to fire equipment, as well as passages in buildings, corridors and stairwells;

At the end of each working day, check the condition of the premises for compliance with fire safety measures;

Periodically, at least once every 6 months, check the knowledge of employees on fire safety techniques, including the ability to handle technical equipment.

Keep a special log of the state of fire safety at the enterprise in the prescribed form.

1.5. All employees of the enterprise are required to know these requirements of the Instruction and the rules of conduct in the event of a fire hazard.

1.6. Employees of the organization are prohibited from working in overalls soaked in fuels and lubricants.

1.7. For violation of this instruction, the perpetrators bear disciplinary, material, administrative, criminal liability, provided for by the current legislation of the Russian Federation, depending on the nature of the violation and the severity of its consequences.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, employees of the enterprise must:

2.1.1. Check the condition and serviceability of fire extinguishing equipment.

2.1.2. watch the premises, completely excluding the conditions for the occurrence of a fire.

2.1.3. Report to the management of the organization and the person responsible for ensuring fire safety about all malfunctions, incidents, situations that can lead to a fire, indicating the causes of these circumstances and the perpetrators.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1.1. Administrative premises, the territory of the production complex and warehouses must be constantly kept clean and systematically cleared of industrial waste.

3.1.2. Free access must be provided to all buildings, structures and premises of the enterprise.

3.1.3. In the places designated for smoking, ballot boxes are installed and appropriate signs are hung out.

3.1.4. It is forbidden to use fire breaks between buildings for storage of materials, equipment, containers, parking lots.

3.1.5. On the territory of the production complex of the enterprise, in parking lots, it is prohibited to use open fire to heat up vehicle units, burn garbage and waste.

3.1.6. On the territory of the enterprise, fire shields and instructions on the procedure for calling the fire brigade are installed in prominent places, the premises of the enterprise must be equipped with diagrams and signs of emergency exit for personnel in the event of a fire hazard.

3.1.7. It is not allowed to enter the territory of warehouses for cars and other vehicles, the exhaust pipes of which are not equipped with spark arresters.

3.1.8. Storage of cylinders with combustible gases is allowed only in separate non-combustible warehouses, provided that cylinders are protected from sources of thermal energy.

3.1.9. Placement of group balloon installations without gaps from buildings is allowed only near deaf and non-combustible walls of buildings.

3.2.1. On the stairwells of structures it is forbidden to arrange storage, working and other premises, as well as to install equipment that impedes the movement of people.

3.2.2. Passages, exits, corridors, stairs are prohibited from cluttering up with various objects and equipment. All doors of emergency exits must open freely in the direction of the exit from the premises.

3.2.3. AT basements with access to the common stairwells and the basement floors of industrial and administrative premises, it is prohibited to use and store explosive substances, gas cylinders, as well as substances that have an increased fire hazard.

3.2.4. It is forbidden to use the attic space for production purposes or for the storage of material assets. These rooms must be permanently locked, the keys to the attic locks must be stored in a certain place, accessible for receiving them at any time of the day.

3.2.5. Wooden structures attic spaces should be treated with a fire retardant.

3.2.6. Openings in fire walls and ceilings must be equipped with protective devices against the spread of fire and combustion products.

3.2.7. In the production and administrative premises of the enterprise it is prohibited:

Install industrial equipment, furniture, safes and other items on evacuation routes;

To clean the premises using gasoline, kerosene and other flammable and combustible liquids;

Smoking, using electric heaters in places not specially equipped for this purpose.

3.2.8. Welding, painting, woodworking, as well as washing parts using flammable liquids should only be carried out in specially designated areas.

3.2.9. In premises intended for parking, maintenance and repair of vehicles, as well as in parking lots under canopies and in open areas, it is prohibited:

Installation of cars in quantities exceeding the norm, violation of the method of their arrangement, reduction of the distance between cars;

Parking of cars with open mouths of gas tanks, as well as in the presence of fuel leaks in cars;

Storage of containers from under flammable and combustible liquids;

Blocking exit gates and driveways.

3.2.10. Oily cleaning materials and industrial waste should be collected in designated areas. Spilled gas welding materials must be immediately cleaned up with sawdust, sand, etc.

3.2.11. Parking spaces and open storage areas must be equipped with tow ropes and rods.

3.3 Electrical safety

3.3.1. It is forbidden to leave uninsulated ends of wires and cables on the walls, floor after dismantling of equipment, electrical installations, lighting equipment.

3.3.2. In places where the formation of static electricity is possible, grounding devices must be provided.

3.3.3. In rooms with increased danger and especially dangerous, when installing lamps with a voltage of 220 V for general lighting with incandescent lamps at a height of 2.5 m, it is necessary to use lamps, the design of which excludes the possibility of access to the lamp without the use of a tool. The electrical wiring supplied to the luminaire must be in metal tubes.

3.3.4. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps with a voltage of 127-22 V may be installed at a height of less than 2.5 m from the floor, provided that their current-carrying parts are not accessible for accidental contact.

3.3.5. To power lamps and portable lamps in rooms with increased danger and especially dangerous, it is allowed to use voltage not higher than 42 V. Portable lamps must be protected from mechanical damage.

3.3.6. Emergency lighting should be provided if the shutdown of working lighting and the associated violation of the normal maintenance of equipment and mechanisms can cause an explosion and fire. In industrial premises without natural lighting, working and emergency lighting, both for continuing work and for evacuation, must be powered from two independent power sources. The working and emergency lighting networks must be separate, and the use of electric power networks to power working or emergency lighting is not allowed.

3.3.7. Installation of oil-filled electrical equipment (transformers, switches, cable lines) in premises must be protected by fixed or mobile units firefighting.

3.3.8. Electric motors, lamps, wires, switchgears must be cleaned of hot dust at least 2 times a month with a small emission of dust, smoke and soot; 3 times a month with an average release and at least 4 times a month with a significant one.

3.3.9. During the operation of electrical installations it is prohibited:

Use open type knife switches or knife switches with casings having a slot for the handle (with the exception of switchboard rooms);

Use cables and wires with damaged insulation;

Leave heaters plugged in for a long time unattended;

Use home-made electric heaters and devices for space heating;

Leave energized electric wires and cables with bare ends;

Use damaged sockets, switches and other electrical installation products.

3.4 Heating

3.4.1. Before the start of the heating season, boiler rooms, air heaters and local heating devices must be carefully checked and repaired. It is forbidden to allow for operation faulty stoves and heating devices, as well as non-standard (home-made) electric heaters and devices.

3.4.2. It is forbidden to operate boiler rooms, furnaces and other heating appliances that do not have fireproof cuts from combustible structures of industrial premises.

3.4.3. Air heaters and heating appliances should be located so that they have free access for inspection and cleaning. Heating devices in industrial premises with significant emissions of combustible dust must have smooth surfaces.

3.4.4. Chimneys of solid fuel boilers must be equipped with reliable spark arresters and cleaned of soot at least three times a month.

3.4.5. It is forbidden to put overalls, oiled rags, combustible materials on heating devices and heating pipelines.

3.4.6. A metal sheet of at least 500*700 mm in size must be nailed to the wooden floor in front of the furnace hole on the wooden floor of each stove.

3.4.7. Fuel must be stored in rooms specially adapted for this purpose or in specially designated areas located no closer than 15 m from combustible buildings.

3.4.8. During the operation of stove heating is prohibited:

Leave fuel directly in front of the furnace opening;

Use gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel and other flammable and combustible liquids to ignite the stove;

Leave heating stoves unattended;

Drying and stacking firewood, clothes, etc.

3.5 Provision and maintenance of fire extinguishing, communication and signaling equipment

3.5.1. It is forbidden to use fire equipment for household, industrial and other needs not related to fire fighting.

3.5.2. Fire hydrants, hydrant-columns and fire hydrants must be maintained at least every 6 months and checked for operability by running water with checking registration in a special log.

3.5.3. Fire hydrants of the internal fire water supply in all rooms must be equipped with sleeves and trunks enclosed in cabinets that are sealed. Fire hoses must be dry, well rolled up and attached to taps and barrels.

3.5.4. The letter index of the PC, the serial number of the crane, and the telephone number of the nearest fire department must be indicated on the door of the fire hydrant cabinet.

3.5.5. Fire extinguishers should be placed on the floor in special cabinets or at a height of not more than 1.5 m from the floor level to the lower end of the fire extinguisher and at a distance of at least 1.2 m from the edge of the door when it is opened.

3.5.6. The fire extinguisher must be installed so that the instructive inscription on its body is clearly visible.

3.5.7. For fire extinguishers located in the open air on the territory of the enterprise, lockers, canopies-peaks should be arranged.

3.5.8. At least once every 30 days, fire extinguishers installed at the enterprise must be subjected to an external inspection (check the integrity of the safety plate for foam fire extinguishers and seals) and wiped from contamination.

3.5.9. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, when placed on objects, must be protected from heating above 50 0 C and exposure to sunlight.

3.5.10. Cylinders of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are subject to inspection every 5 years of operation.

3.5.11. Each fire extinguisher put into operation is assigned a serial number, which is applied with paint to the fire extinguisher body.

3.5.12. Each box of sand must have 2 metal shovels at all times. Boxes should be tightly closed with lids, which should be inscribed "sand in case of fire." The sand and box should be inspected regularly. If moisture or clumping is detected, the sand must be dried.

3.5.13. Asbestos cloth, felt (felt felt) must be stored in metal cases with lids and periodically dried and cleaned of dust.

4 Safety requirements in a fire situation

4.1. Each employee who discovers a fire or ignition must:

Immediately stop all work not related to fire extinguishing measures;

Turn off all electrical appliances and production equipment;

Remove from the premises or the danger zone all workers who are not involved in the elimination of the fire;

Provide protection for people involved in fire extinguishing from possible collapse of structures, damage electric shock, poisoning, burns.

Promptly report the incident to the city and local fire department, notify the administration of the enterprise;

Start extinguishing the source of fire with the available fire extinguishing equipment;

If necessary, call the gas rescue, medical and other services.

4.2. The organization of the liquidation of a fire hazardous situation is assumed by the person responsible for ensuring fire safety at the enterprise.

5. Safety requirements upon completion of work

5.1. At the end of work, each employee must check the fire-prevention condition of his workplace.

5.2. The person responsible for ensuring fire safety is obliged, upon completion of work, to check the fire-prevention condition of the premises as a whole.

5.3. The person responsible for ensuring fire safety is obliged to inform the administration of all violations identified, the perpetrators and the measures taken to eliminate them.

Appendix 15 "Nomenclature of cases"

WORK SAFETY INSTRUCTION No. 85

ABOUT FIRE SAFETY MEASURES

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. This instruction establishes fire safety requirements for all facilities and territory of the enterprise.

1.2. This instruction must be observed by all employees of the enterprise, employees of other enterprises performing work on the territory of the enterprise or its facilities, as well as by all persons located on the territory of the enterprise.

1.3. All employees entering the enterprise for work pass induction training about fire safety measures, then primary briefing at the workplace and re-briefing on fire safety at the same time as briefing on labor protection with an entry in the briefing register.

Admission to work of newly hired workers and employees, as well as persons of other organizations to perform work at the facilities of the enterprise without fire safety instruction is prohibited.

1.4. Workers and officials associated with the organization and conduct of hot work on the territory and facilities of the enterprise are allowed to organize and carry out these works only if they have fire safety coupons issued after certification according to the fire-technical minimum.

1.5. For violation or non-compliance with fire safety requirements and these instructions, the perpetrators, depending on the nature of the violations, are subject to disciplinary, administrative or criminal liability in accordance with applicable law.

2. FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF THE TERRITORY

2.1. Cleanliness and order must be maintained on the territory of the enterprise and production facilities. Timely clean up garbage, waste, combustible materials, prevent littering and cluttering of the territory, driveways, fire breaks.

2.2. All garbage, dry grass, production waste must be regularly removed to specially designated places and taken to a landfill.

2.3. High-growing grasses and shrubs on the territory of the enterprise and production facilities must be periodically mowed and cut down, preventing their drying and storage on the territory.

2.4. All roads and driveways on the territory of the enterprise must be maintained in good condition, preventing their clutter and destruction. AT winter time roads and driveways should be cleared of snow in a timely manner, and illuminated at night.

2.5. Entrances to buildings, fire hydrants, water intake devices, dry pipes should be free and not cluttered.

2.6 The access of fire trucks to buildings and structures must be provided at all times of the year along their entire length.

2.7. Fire hydrants, reservoirs and water intakes should have signs that provide a quick determination of their location.

2.8. In winter, fire hydrants and entrances to them must be cleared of snow, a covers, hydrant wells - from ice. Hydrants must be insulated.

2.9 Materials, equipment and containers must be stored in warehouses or designated and prepared sites, the location of which on the territory of the enterprise must be agreed with the fire department. It is not allowed to use fire breaks between buildings and structures for storing any materials and equipment.

2.10. On the territory of the enterprise it is prohibited:

- work on vehicles, tractors, hoisting and transport machines and other mechanisms with faulty fuel and oil tanks, radiators, fuel and hydraulic equipment, gearboxes and other components that may leak fuel and lubricants;

- transport loose combustible materials without covering them with a net or tarpaulin;

- leave the transport after the end of work in a place not designated for this.

2.11. On site and production facilities it is forbidden to use open fire (bonfires, torches, blowtorches, etc.) for heating various pipelines, mechanisms, soil, etc., as well as for lighting tanks, trenches, wells and other structures.

2.12. Smoking on the territory of the enterprise and its divisions is allowed only in specially designated, equipped and designated places. In these places, signs "Smoking area", a bin for collecting cigarette butts, fire extinguishing agents should be posted.

3. FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS, ROOMS, STRUCTURES AND INSTALLATIONS

3.1. For all buildings, premises, structures, the category of explosion hazard and the class of explosion-hazardous zones according to the PUE must be determined, indicating these data on entrance doors along with the last name official responsible for the fire safety maintenance of this site.

3.2. Permanent storage of combustible substances, materials and finished products in the premises of workshops and sections is not allowed.

3.3. In each production (warehouse) premises, storage standards for flammable liquids and combustible liquids must be established. Storage of materials over allowable norms prohibited.

3.4. All doors on escape routes must open freely in the direction of exit from the building. From each floor of the building and from the premises with mass stay there must be at least 2 emergency exits. External emergency exits from buildings must have locks that can be opened from the inside without a key.

3.5. In stairwells it is forbidden to arrange storerooms and other premises, lay gas pipelines, pipelines with flammable liquids and combustible liquids, arrange exits from the mines of cargo lifts, as well as install equipment that impedes the movement of people. Under the flight of staircases of the first, basement or basement floors, it is allowed to place only water metering units and central heating controls.

3 6 Dormer windows attic spaces should be glazed and permanently closed.

3.7. Openings in fire walls and ceilings must be equipped with protective devices against the spread of fire and combustion products ( fire doors, gates, windows, valves, vestibule locks, water curtains, dampers, scrapers, anti-smoke devices). Starting devices for water curtains must be located in accessible places, and all workers must be trained in their launch.

3.9. Oiled, as well as contaminated with paints and varnishes and solvents, cleaning materials must be removed in metal boxes with tight-fitting lids and removed from production facilities and technological sites at the end of the shift.

3.10. Do not use compressed air for cleaning.

3.11 It is forbidden to leave at the end of the work of the electrical installation under voltage, & also not removed chips, sawdust, oils, drying oil, varnishes, glue and other flammable liquids and materials.

3.12. Equipment and assemblies in fire hazardous places can be put into operation after a shutdown only with the approval of the fire department, provided that they are thoroughly cleaned from oil contamination and combustible waste and dust are removed.

3.13. Spilled flammable liquids and combustible liquids must be covered with sand and removed from the premises to specially designated places.

3.14. In explosive and fire hazardous premises, it is not allowed to carry out work on the repair of equipment that can be removed and repaired in a repair shop.

3.15. In industrial, administrative and other buildings it is prohibited:

- warm up frozen pipes of water supply and heating systems with blowtorches and other methods using open fire;

- beat off the walls of the premises with combustible fabrics and other materials without fire retardant impregnation.

4. PAIR SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN ORGANIZING AND CARRYING OUT WELDING AND OTHER FIRE WORKS

4.1. Welding and other hot work (soldering, bitumen cooking, metal processing with the formation of sparks, etc.) can be carried out at the facilities and territory of the enterprise only with strict observance of the requirements of the Instruction “On fire safety measures in the production of welding and other hot work at the enterprise.

4.2. hot work outside the places of their permanent implementation, determined by the order of the enterprise (temporary hot work), can be carried out only with a written permit for hot work.

4.3. Hot work without preparing the workplace (cleaning from combustible materials, taking measures to prevent the scattering of sparks and hot metal particles, providing fire extinguishing equipment), appointing persons responsible for preparing the workplace and conducting hot work, instructing performers and sanctions of the fire inspector is prohibited.

4.4. Equipment used for hot work must be in good working order. It is not allowed to use equipment with an expired test and verification period.

4.5. Only persons who have undergone special training and certification in accordance with the established procedure, who have passed exams for knowledge of fire safety requirements with the issuance of a special coupon, are allowed to carry out welding and other hot work.

4.6. After completion of welding and other hot work, monitoring of the place of hot work should be provided.

5 RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACTIONS OF WORKERS IN THE FIRE.

5.1. When a fire is detected, each employee must:

- report a fire to the fire brigade by phone 01, 63-01, 64-01;

- take measures to notify the management of the organization, facility;

- take measures to alert people in the building or neighboring premises;

- start extinguishing the fire with the available fire extinguishing equipment (fire extinguishers, sandboxes, improvised means, etc.);

- Organize a meeting of the arriving fire departments.

For fire prevention, all buildings and structures are equipped with lightning protection devices. According to SNiP, lightning rods are installed to protect objects from direct lightning strikes.

Fire mode

For each object and educational institution a certain fire regime is established.

Fire regime - a set of measures and fire safety requirements established for the facility and subject to mandatory implementation by all employees of the facility. It is determined by the rules, instructions, orders and orders of the head of the enterprise. They include the following organizational measures:

development of instructions on fire safety measures and a plan for the evacuation of people and property in case of fire, bringing them to the attention of employees;

training employees in actions to prevent and extinguish fires;

the creation of a fire-technical commission and a voluntary fire brigade (FPD);

smoking area equipment;

indication of telephone numbers for calling the fire brigade.

As part of fire regime prohibited:

without special permission to carry out hot and other fire hazardous work;

smoking in undesignated places;

make fires and burn combustible waste near buildings and structures (less than 50 m);

operate faulty electrical installations and heating devices;

clutter up escape routes, arrange thresholds, clog doors;

arrange storage rooms under the stairs;

use elevators in case of fire;

place more than 50 people in rooms with one emergency exit.

Fire safety measures

To prevent the spread of fire from one building to another, fire breaks are provided between them, which are determined by the degree of fire resistance of other buildings.

Fire breaks between buildings In buildings with a degree of fire resistance of categories IV and V, fire zones are provided to limit the spread of fire in the building.

In order to limit the spread of fire, they construct:

fire walls (firewalls) - to reduce the fire gap between buildings, as well as to separate the buildings of workshops into fire compartments with different categories fire hazard; they rest on foundations or foundation beams, are erected to the full height of a building or structure and separate structures (ceilings, roofs, lanterns, etc.);

fireproof ceilings - to prevent the spread of fire along the vertical of the building;

easily dumped structures - to reduce the load on the building envelope during explosive combustion; they are used in areas where explosions are possible (glazed buildings, doors, swing gates, turntables, etc.).

flame arresters - to create an obstacle to the passage of the flame; are installed in pipelines of combustible gases, on tanks of combustible liquids;

high-speed cut-offs - for protection against flame propagation on pipelines for pneumatic transportation of dust-air mixtures; are made in the form of dampers or valves.

Smoke protection of buildings (smoke removal systems) greatly facilitates the evacuation of people and fire extinguishing. Smoke is considered dangerous when visibility does not exceed 10 m. The concentration of carbon monoxide in the air of 0.2% causes fatal poisoning of people when they stay in the zone for 30-60 minutes, and at a concentration of 0.5-0.7% - in within a few minutes.

Measures to reduce smoke in a fire are Constructive decisions, which do not allow combustion products to spread through vertical and horizontal channels in the building:

creation of smoke-free stairs;

use of smoke hatches in coatings storage facilities and lanternless buildings of foundry and thermal shops, in basements;

arrangement of smoke openings, shafts, the sections of which correspond to 0.2% of the area of ​​industrial premises.

Localization and extinguishing of fires. Fire extinguishing

The process of extinguishing fires is divided into localization and elimination of fire. Localization is understood as limiting the spread of fire and creating conditions for its elimination. Fire suppression - the final extinguishing and elimination of the possibility of re-emergence of fire.

From the point of view of the production of work related to extinguishing fires, saving people and property, there are three zones:

zone of individual fires - areas in the territories of which fires occur in separate areas, zones, production facilities;

zone of massive and continuous fires - a territory where there are so many fires and fires that the passage and presence of the relevant units in it without localization or extinguishing measures are impossible, and rescue operations are difficult;

zone of fading fires and smoldering in rubble - areas of strong smoke and prolonged (over two days) burning in rubble.

The rate of fire spread is influenced by the degree of fire resistance of the building, wind speed and building density.

The dependence of the probability of fire spread on building density Let us illustrate the effect of the degree of fire resistance of a building and wind speed on the speed of fire spread by examples:

at a wind speed of up to 5 m/s in buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance, the fire spread rate is approximately 120 m/h;

at wind speeds up to 15 m/s in buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance, the fire spread speed reaches 360 m/h; in buildings of the IV degree, the speed under the same conditions will be 3 times higher.

The success of the rapid localization and elimination of a fire depends on the availability of extinguishing equipment, the ability to use them, communication and signaling equipment to call the fire brigade and actuate automatic fire extinguishing installations.

Fire extinguishing agents

The main fire extinguishing agents are water, foam, sand, inert gases, solid extinguishing agents, etc.

Water is the most common remedy. Compared to other substances, water has the highest heat capacity and is suitable for extinguishing most combustible substances.

It cools the combustion zone and burning substances; dilutes reactants in the combustion zone; isolates combustible substances from the combustion zone. However, when burning flammable liquids, electrical wires, as well as some chemical substances water is not used. For extinguishing flammable liquids wide use received chemical and air-mechanical foams.

Chemical foam is formed when a carbonate or bicarbonate reacts with an acid in the presence of a blowing agent. Such foam is obtained in portable foam generators from foam powder and water. As a result of the release of a large amount of carbon dioxide, a dense cover of stable foam is obtained (a layer 7-10 cm thick), which is little destroyed by the action of the flame and does not pass liquid vapor.

Air-mechanical foam consists of a mixture of air (90%), water (9.6-9.8%) and a foaming agent (0.2-0.4%). The foam mixture is harmless to humans, non-conductive and economical. The fire extinguishing action is based on thermal and moisture insulation and cooling of combustible substances. On the surface of burning liquids, the foam forms a stable film that does not collapse under the action of a flame for 30 minutes, which is enough to extinguish combustible and flammable liquids in tanks of any diameter.