What is the name of the window in the roof of the house. Skylight on the roof

Installation of skylights should be carried out according to the instructions and constantly check the quality and implementation of the necessary installation steps. Otherwise, your roof will be of poor quality and leak at the slightest natural damage.

Skylights in the roof and three vertical windows - lucarnes in the roof of the attic

It is important to remember the main stages of installing skylights in the roof and their types in order to equip your house as efficiently and efficiently as possible and use the maximum possibilities of the modern construction market.

The first rule to remember when installing a roof window is that it must be attached not to the window frame, but to the truss structure (wooden or metal-plastic window frame).

In order to make your structure lighter and the window can be installed faster and more firmly, a horizontal beam should be installed at the bottom of the window and attached to the truss system.

During the installation of the attic structure, it is worth leveling the lower half of the window with a level and screwing all the corners with self-tapping screws, which are necessarily included with the purchased structure.

Next, you need to align the length of the window parallel to the rafters and screw the screws into the oblong holes at the corners of the attachment. They should not be screwed in completely, because after installation you can carefully check everything and, if necessary, adjust the parameters and position of your window system.

The roof window can hold itself if it is correctly and precisely aligned in such a way that there are approximately the same distances between the frame and the rafters.

After the final inspection of the structure and verification of all distances and positions, the self-tapping screws can be screwed into the structure to the base.

It is important to note the fact that attic structures must also have high-quality waterproofing installation from durable material, which will protect your premises from moisture and atmospheric influences as much as possible.

The laying of insulation materials should be carried out from the bottom up in order to fit it as closely as possible to the frame and avoid overlaps and excess material residues. In the end, all places where the insulation is connected are screwed and fixed with self-tapping screws.

When installing roof windows for a profile roof, it is worth using a special rail on which a corrugated addition is attached, which can be smoothly attached to the profile. This rail should be at a distance of 10 cm from the bottom of the frame and extend to the sides by 30 cm.

After the installation of the attic structure is completed, a special sash or double-glazed window is attached to it.

Insulation operations with a window are carried out from the inside, by laying a heater over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe frame and closing it from moisture with a heat-insulating material such as foil. Special fasteners can be placed on the insulating structure, which are made by using self-tapping screws or sealants.

If you are the owner of a cottage or a private house and want to install an attic structure, you should study in detail all types of these structures and make sure that your structure is reliable and durable.

With the help of an attic, you can create an extra room, a bedroom, as well as a kitchen and even bathrooms. Lighting through the windows will allow you to create maximum comfort and design your attic room in such a way that it becomes a favorite place for all home residents.

Skylights are very popular and in demand at this stage in the development of building technologies, as they allow you to save on lighting, create a certain style and charm for your home.

It is very important to decide in which part of the house you need to install the attic structure and how many windows will be the best option so that the shape and dimensions of your attic match the parameters of the house and achieve a unique and effective design effect.

Installing an attic window is a very important and responsible matter, the correct decision of which will determine the external design of your home and aesthetics.

Lucarna - a window in the roof of the attic floor

Lucarna(French lucarne, from Latin lux "light") - a window opening in a roof slope, usually attic, or a dome, with a vertical frame closed on the sides and top.

Lukarnaya, for example, is the well-known dormer window on the attic roof of the house.

The presence of a lucarne allows in the attic rooms get more usable space with a high ceiling. Through the window of the lucarne, you can see not only the sky, but also explore the surroundings.

Lucarna on the roof significantly affects the appearance of the house. To maintain harmony in the appearance of the house, the number, shape and location of lucarens must be determined taking into account the type of facade, type and steepness of the roof.

The dimensions, location and shape of the lucarna determine the interior of the room in which it is located.

There are several types and forms of windows - lucarnes.

Lucarna lean-to

A lucarne with a flat roof can be made wide enough, even for the entire length of the room. Then the attic room with a wide lucarne will not have beveled sections of the ceiling.

In a room by the window, furniture for relaxation is usually placed or a table is set for work.

Lucarna with gable roof

Lucarnes with a gable roof look good on the roofs of a house with a slope of more than 30 degrees.

The width of a lucarne with a gable roof is usually entered in 1 - 2 steps of the rafters. Wider lucarnes often spoil the appearance of the house.

Inside the room, the ceiling of the lucarne is made flat.

Lucarna with gabled roof

Lucarna with a gable roof looks good on slopes of any steepness and shape. Outside from the ground, the roof of the lucarne is not striking. It is easier to harmoniously place such a lucarne on the roof of the house.

A lucarne with a gable roof can be made wider - by 2-3 steps of rafters (up to 2 - 2.5 m.)

The ceiling of the lucarne in the room can be flat, or it can repeat the shape of the roof of the lucarne (in the figure).

Lucarne with low side walls

The vertical side walls of the lucarne can end at a height of less than 2 m from the attic floor. In this embodiment, the roof of the lucarne is made gable, and the window is pentagonal.

Inside, the ceiling of the lucarna niche follows the shape of the roof.

The low walls of the lucarne limit the possibility of using the space near the window to accommodate tall furniture.

Lucarne with a semicircular window

Outside, the roofing smoothly flows around the lucarne from above and from the sides. As a roofing, it is better to use bituminous, metal or ceramic tiles here.

Inside, the ceiling in the niche of the lucarne is made in the form of an arch of a cylindrical or conical shape.

"Bull's eye" with a wide oval window

A bull's-eye lucarne with a wide semi-oval window is usually placed on a large roof slope from the side of the main facade. The soft and smooth roof line above the hatch looks spectacular from the outside. The bull's eye lucarna serves as the main decoration of the house.

It is better if inside the attic the window is entirely in one room. A room with such a window is very bright and attractive.

triangular lucarne

A small triangular lucarne is most often made to illuminate the stairs, dressing room or bathroom.

A triangular lucarne can also be used to illuminate larger rooms. But such a lucarne adds very little to the space with a high ceiling in the attic.

Inside the room, the ceiling of the lucarna niche repeats the shape of the window.

Lucarna window size in the attic roof

The dimensions of the lucarne in the attic roof are determined from the following considerations.

To ensure the illumination and insolation required by sanitary rules, the area of ​​​​glazing of window openings in the room must be at least 1/8 of the floor area.

In a person with a height of 176 cm, the line of sight passes at a height of 165 cm if he is standing, and 121 cm if he is sitting. To view the surroundings from the attic window, the bottom of the glazing should be at a height of no more than 120 cm from the floor of the room, and it is recommended to place the top of the window above 165 cm.

If the lucarne window opens, then in order not to fall out of the window, the bottom of the opening frame must be located at a height of at least 85 cm from the floor. The window may be lower than this height, but in this case everything below is protected by a metal fence.

The question of how to make a window in the roof of a house arises when building new or reconstructing old buildings. In this case, the owner of the house seeks to make the most of the available space. The attic floor is a good way to increase the usable area, subject to competent natural lighting.

There are two groups of roof windows: dormers and dormers. Each has structural differences and requires its own approach to installation.

Dormer windows (the second name is lucarnes) have been used for centuries for ventilation of non-residential attic space, and subsequently found their application for attic floors. They are always vertical. A competent designer, choosing one of the various forms of lucarins, in addition to the utilitarian purpose, will be able to give sophistication and originality to the external appearance of the building.

Dormer windows are:

• with a flat roof with a slope of up to 15 degrees;
• quadrangular under a shed or gable roof;
• with a hip roof;
• triangular;
• panoramic with a trapezoidal roof;
• anti-aircraft lamp - completely glass surface of the original form;
• semicircular.

Since these skylights are mounted in a side-walled structure, less light passes through them than through a similarly sized skylight opening. Dormer windows are installed on the roof of any shape: shed, gable or more complex. When installing a lucarne in a new house, the design of its elements is developed and mounted simultaneously with the main load-bearing elements of the roof. When reconstructing old houses, for stability, it is recommended to place a dormer window between the supporting beams.

Vertical racks are attached to the bottom of the box, which are connected between the transverse beam (when arranging a triangular window, they converge at the desired angle). As a result, another, now vertical, box of the front part of the frame comes out. The upper element of the roof of the dormer window - the ridge beam - is attached to the load-bearing elements of the roof through the lintel beam. The latter cannot be cut into the roof rafters (so as not to weaken the section), the connection is made only with metal fasteners.

The final stage of frame installation is the installation of rafters. Their number depends on the length of the ridge beam, and the step should ensure the reliability of the structure. A crate is made over the rafters, on which the roof is fixed, usually the same as on the main roof. Layers of hydro and thermal insulation are laid on the side walls. The material for the final cladding can be used varied: from lining to iron.

Design

Before the start of work, a project is carried out, which takes into account all the nuances of the design and fasteners. When making a window with your own hands, you need to remember:

• lucarnes are mounted on roofs with an inclination angle of 35 °;
• add-ons are placed at a limited distance from the walls of the house, for triangular windows - in the same plane;
• the minimum size of the window opening is 1.2 x 0.8 m (windows, respectively, 0.6 x 0.8 m);
• the total width of the dormer windows should be at least half the width of the attic;
• dormer windows are located strictly in line with the window openings under them;
• the lower edge is made at a height of 90 cm from the floor, the upper one is limited by the height of the ceiling (the larger the window, the more light).

Unlike dormer windows, skylights do not require complex construction. They are mounted directly into the roof plane.

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Installation steps

The first step is to arrange an opening of the required size in the roof. Its parameters are calculated based on the location of the lower part of the window and its height. The opening is limited to rafter legs of increased strength, capable of withstanding the weight of the future structure. The transverse beams connecting the rafter legs to each other form a horizontal box along the contour of the opening.

A frame and a window of the selected type are mounted in the opening of the front part: plastic or wooden. Gaps are carefully sealed. The joints of the structure with the main roof must also be airtight. Interior decoration can be performed in various styles and from various materials - this is a full-fledged part of the attic, harmoniously complementing and decorating the main space of the room.

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roof window

Windows can be opened:

• along the lower axis, which contributes to protection from precipitation, but the disadvantage is inconvenience in washing;
• along the upper axis - the movement of the window does not interfere with the access of fresh air and sunlight;
• on the lateral axis: convenient where access to the roof may be required.
• along the central axis of the window: able to rotate 180 °, which allows convenient maintenance of the window;
• using combined opening mechanisms.

When choosing a roof window, you need to remember that for normal lighting of 10 m² of area, 1 m² of glazing is required. The mounting height on an inclined plane should ensure ease of use: opening windows, washing them, etc. (usually, depending on the location of the handle - 80-130 cm). The height adjustment is also given by the type of material for the roof. Some shingles cannot be cut into pieces, so you have to adjust to the boundaries of the roofing. Roof window designs from different manufacturers may vary. Each kit includes detailed installation instructions.

The general steps are:

• opening preparation;
• installation of a window assembly;
• dismantling the window sash;
• waterproofing device;
• salary setting;
• installation of the window sash in place;
• activation of window springs and hinges.

Marking is done on the waterproofing layer fixed inside. The dimensions of the opening will be larger than the dimensions of the window: about 50-90 mm recede from the bottom for the installation of profile roofing materials, a margin of 30 mm is made on the sides, and 100-150 mm at the top. A neat cut is made in the waterproofing film with a margin of 200 mm around the perimeter (it is wrapped inside). The necessary part of the roofing material is removed, the crate is cut out.

For ease of installation, the window sash is removed and one frame is first attached. A roof window kit always includes a waterproofing apron and fasteners. The latter are installed on the window frame. On it, with the help of a stapler, the edges of the insulation, which were cut out at the beginning of work, and the insulation are attached. The frame installed in the window opening will press down the insulation. A lower waterproofing apron is placed on top of the structure, and then its side and upper parts are installed.

A salary is mounted on the insulated and insulated opening with the frame. It is selected depending on the type of roof and can be smooth or with a wave of various heights. After that, the sash is attached. The lower fasteners of the frame are fixed tightly immediately, the upper ones are not fixed completely: so that you can check the evenness of the gap and adjust the skew.

Adjustment is mandatory for all window elements: moving parts must be activated, checked for their performance and adjusted. After the window is mounted and checked, it is time to start finishing work - installing slopes. The trick for a structure located at an angle to a horizontal surface is that the plane of the floor, not the frame, is taken as the reference point. The lower slope is oriented perpendicular to it, the upper slope is parallel. To ensure ventilation, the side slopes are made at an angle of 120 °.

A dormer window is a glazed window frame on the roof, designed to illuminate and ventilate the attic or attic space, as well as for direct access to the roof. This small architectural element has many names: "birdhouse", "dwarf's house" and the historical "lucarne". As a rule, the dormer window is located parallel to the facade wall or is its continuation. There are a thousand ways to make a dormer window on the roof and decorate it in an original way, giving the building its own unique look.

What is a skylight for?

Initially, the auditory openings on the roof were conceived to equalize the air pressure between the outer atmospheric and the inner underroof. From the point of view of the laws of physics, excess pressure is more likely to knock out fragile glass than lift and deform a heavy roof.

In addition to its practical function, lucarna often has a decorative value. Decorated with carved platbands, stucco framing and other decorative elements, it serves as a decoration for both the exterior of the house and the interior of the attic.

What are dormer windows?

The variety of types of roofing superstructures is determined by the given shape of the window opening and the architecture of the roof.

Dormer windows are distinguished by the shape of the window frame:

• rectangular,
• triangular,
• arched (semicircular).

According to the design of the slopes:

• lean-to,
• gable,
• hip.

According to the method of location in the roof structure:

• Dormer - is made in the form of a ledge in the roof slope, requires increased waterproofing. The most common in the practice of construction work.
• Antidormer - built into the roof structure, therefore, it does not require additional waterproofing, which is why it is easier to perform. However, it takes up internal space from the attic and, apparently, is rare for this reason.
• An inclined window is the same as a roof window.
• In a gable wall - a dormer window is arranged in the end wall. The frame is often triangular, trapezoid, or arch-shaped.
• Skylight - a window or glass structure on a horizontal or flat roof with a minimum allowable slope (5-15 0).

Also, attic "birdhouses" are made with and without side walls. They are located with a pediment in the same plane with the facade wall or outside its plane, a little higher and further on the roof slope.

What is the difference between a skylight and a skylight?

A variant of the glazed opening on the roof is a roof window. Only it is not installed vertically, but at an angle, and lies in the same plane with the roof slope. By virtue of its structural arrangement, such a window must withstand the same loads as the material covering the roof: rain, hail, the severity of the snow cover. A significant advantage of skylights is that they let more light into the under-roof space than vertical window openings closed from above and from the sides by a “birdhouse” box.

If it is possible to make the roof window opening large enough, then you can turn it into a balcony door and organize a roof balcony, as in the photo below.

Since roof windows should not let in external moisture, it is unlikely that you will be able to make a waterproof salary for them yourself. It is recommended to purchase ready-made plastic and wooden double-glazed windows from an official manufacturer. Such window blocks are manufactured in compliance with the production technology and, as part of the roofing, meet all the necessary requirements.

Dormer window in the form of a skylight

Historically, a lantern in architecture is a beam architectural form that crowns the dome of a building and serves as a source of overhead lighting and ventilation. Lanterns decorated with decorative details were installed on temples and cathedrals. Nowadays, the lantern is the glass part of the horizontal roof. It is performed in the form of a flat window, dome, pyramid or in the form of a greenhouse. They visually increase the height of the attic space and let in more sunlight.

Roof window: practical and aesthetic

Because of these examples, one might get the impression that dormer windows are needed only in residential premises, and they are not appropriate in uninhabited attics used as storage for all belongings. This is not entirely true, since roof outlets are needed to ventilate the attic space and to provide technical access to the roof. Forms of roofing and options for roofing superstructures can be very diverse. Lucarnes are placed both on roofing slopes and gables - the end walls of a gable roof. Made with a creative approach, they will become a decorative decoration for your entire home.

Regulations

Sitting down to think about the design and starting to draw up a drawing of the future dormer window, it will be useful to familiarize yourself with the requirements of sanitary norms and rules, better known as SNiPs.

If the project provides for the arrangement of several auditory openings in a row, the distance between their outer edges should be at least 80 cm. Compliance with this requirement will allow you to freely arrange routine inspections of the roof, clean it from snow or leaves, and replace roofing material. On some roofs, you can see auditory openings in two rows, made one above the other. In this case, it is recommended to comply with the same standards: a step from the bottom edge to the floor and between the openings themselves from 0.8 m.

Getting Started

As mentioned above and as will be seen from the drawings below, the most popular roof dormer design is the dormer. Therefore, in most sources, the description of the construction of an attic window involves the construction of just this type of dormer opening.

Installation of the roofing "house" is carried out only on the already installed load-bearing rafter "legs". With its constructive structure, the auditory opening resembles the structure of a roof, only in miniature. It has its own truss system, crate, and with a gable roof - a skate.

As for the inclined roof window, inscribed in the roof surface, its construction does not require the construction of a separate frame. However, there are additional requirements for the quality of the window unit. Since one of the purposes of the auditory opening is attic lighting, the owner should take this into account and plan a dormer on the south side of the roof. At worst - in the east or west, but most importantly - not in the north.

Manufacturing process

In the place where the dormer window is arranged, the supporting beams are sawn out and removed. It is better if the supporting rafters are at the same time the edges of the opening to be equipped.

Ideally, the width of the dormer window is equal to the distance between the inclined rafters.

Since it is better to install dormers without disturbing the truss system, several roofing superstructures are often constructed in the gaps between the beams. Then, reinforced vertical racks, a window frame and a top covering of rafters are mounted. As a rule, the frame of the "birdhouse" is made of beams, although, if the foundation and load-bearing walls of the house allow, the pediment and side walls of the "dwarf's house" are laid out with bricks.

Vertical racks are installed on the lower horizontal frontal board. Their tops are connected by another horizontal beam - a jumper above the window. Vertical racks are connected at the top with a run, and inclined rafters are mounted on the run - the basis of a mini-roof above the auditory opening. At the top point, where the rafters meet, a ridge beam is laid.

Outside, the structure is sheathed with board, plywood, other facade and roofing materials. Since the auditory opening is part of the roofing system, it must have reliable moisture and heat insulation. Therefore, special attention is paid to sealing joints and using a suitable insulating material: bitumen, insulation, silicone and acrylic sealants, vapor barrier film. All parts are fastened with metal corners and strips using self-tapping screws or construction nails.

After installing all the elements and completing the exterior finish, they move on to the interior design of the attic or attic exit. Here the owner has unlimited freedom for creativity. The wooden parts are covered with protective primers or paints and varnishes, the areas below and above the dormer window are made to match the overall interior of the under-roof space. Curtains or blinds are used as curtains from excess sun. If the attic is heated, then under the window, as is customary in standard city apartments, you can hang a radiator.

Conclusion

So, the dormer window has a functional and decorative value. On the one hand, it serves to ventilate and illuminate the attic space, and provides access to the roof. On the other hand, it adds variety to the architecture, gives the building a unique look. The homeowner who has decided to build a dormer window on his roof is faced with a choice: hire an experienced construction team or assemble the structure with his own hands according to his own drawings.

Before proceeding with the arrangement of a window in the roof of a house, you need to decide which one is needed specifically for a particular housing construction. Dormer windows are those that are located on the roof and are needed for ventilation and lighting of the attic. Since they are placed vertically on the roof, it is necessary to equip a separate rafter system, which will be built into the roof structure. This is their main difference from the windows in the attic, which are installed on the attic roof at an angle. In modern housing projects, attic windows are becoming more widespread and popular. Considering that windows of any type with the same size occupy the same roof area, these openings, due to the inclined installation, let more light into the attic space and their installation is easier than other types of window frames.

The main types of windows in the roof of the house

Often the question of choice arises: what type of window to install? If the housing construction is old, and it will be necessary to adhere to existing architectural solutions, then it is better to choose the installation of a dormer window. In new, newly built housing constructions, when deciding on the arrangement of a residential attic on the roof, it will be advisable to install a roof window.

To begin with, it is worth considering the main features of both types of windows in order to choose the one that is suitable for a particular building.

To install a dormer window in the roof of a house, special niches are required, which should already be on the roof. The frame of triangle-trusses of rafters and walls on the sides requires a fairly large number of connections with the main roof, it is very difficult to make it without accurate calculations - “by eye”. This requires drawings drawn up by a trained specialist. The walls on the sides and the pediment are sewn up with construction plywood and sheathed with facade building materials. Roofing building materials are placed on the roof at the same level as the main roof covering. Be sure to carry out waterproofing and insulation of the junction of such a dormer window to the roof.

The second type - attic, is fixed in the space between two rafters. Windows for the attic are usually an obstacle to the normal descent of water from the roof, so the openings of such a constructive solution are often installed in roofs with a slope of 15-20 °.

Modern attic windows are structurally quite complex, well protected from water flow and cold penetration through them into the premises. It is impossible to make such a high-quality and reliable window construction on your own. Therefore, it is better to simply order the manufacture of a window from a reliable and responsible manufacturer.. Fixing to the roof window of the attic structure is carried out using a base plate. To remove moisture, the frame has a special cladding, consisting of a steel frame, located along the entire window. To open it, the window design has friction hinges, located slightly higher from the center of the window. This design, when the window frame is opened, prevents the accumulation of water from entering the room, and all the moisture that gets on it flows onto the roof.

Creating a window opening in an existing roof

In individual houses, sometimes it becomes necessary to arrange a window opening in the roof and install a window in it. Remodeling the roof completely is a rather expensive, time-consuming and complex process, therefore there are opportunities to make a window opening for a dormer window in several steps.

Windows on the roof of housing construction should take no more than 10% of the roof area under them.

Openings of considerable size on the roof lead to high heat losses. In addition, glass of large windows is less durable and less resistant to natural and mechanical influences from the outside than windows of small sizes. Optimum installation - placing the window frame exactly in the center of the roof in the gap between both load-bearing roof beams.

Roof window installation

At the beginning of the work, a hole of the required size is cut to create an opening in the roof covering, and the installation of the window frame begins. It is placed on the load-bearing rafters of the roof using a separately mounted wooden special frame made of 4x5 cm beams. It is best to attach the details of this design to the rafters using non-corrosive building material.. Frame parts are connected with special self-tapping screws for wooden structures, tightly fixing them to the rafters. Dormer frame windows are also installed parallel to the roof of housing construction, but for arranging such a complex and time-consuming constructive solution, it would be best to attract professional roofers.

Sealing and finishing of window openings

Sealants used for this purpose are silicone, bitumen, acrylic and hydro-tight self-expanding tape.

The best sealant for roof windows is self-expanding tape, which is placed along the entire length of the opening in one layer. Holes and gaps in the top of the window roof frame can be sealed with acrylic sealant. Finishing and sealing work is best done in the summer.

Dormer roof windows on a flat roof of a residential building are usually installed together with gutters for draining water, so the roof should have a slope of 5 - 15 °. A rectangular roof structure with one or two pitched planes resembles a flat roof window, but it should have a slightly greater slope of the pitched planes - more than 15 °.

A triangular dormer window is most often installed on the roofs of cottage and country individual housing constructions. A window of this type has no walls on the sides, and their functions are performed by roof slopes. This type of roof window significantly reduces the amount of waterproofing work performed with it, however, it reduces the illumination of the attic space, and especially the attic room, if the front side of this window is not directed to the front part of the house building itself. In recent years, you can meet more and more unusual - round - type.

The most functional roof window is considered to be a window - like a skylight. Outwardly, it looks like a light, almost weightless detail that does not weigh down the roof, and most importantly, it perfectly illuminates the entire attic space. When creating projects, specialists most often adhere to such values ​​\u200b\u200bfor determining the size and number of dormer roof windows: the width should not exceed ½ the width of the attic room, their lower plane is located at a height of at least 0.9 m from the floor, and than the dormer roof window will be installed higher , the greater the illumination will be in this room.

Skylight frame on the roof of the house

The frame of the dormer window on the roof is installed at the same time as the installation of the roof rafters of the house. If the roof has two pitched planes, its own truss system and crate are equipped for the window frame. Therefore, the installation of the frame of such windows implies the construction of a separate mini-roof. When arranging the roof truss system in the areas of the planned installation of dormer windows, it is necessary to provide for the placement of future openings enclosing the legs of rafters with enhanced strength characteristics. After all, the rafters and other details of the truss structure will also take on a lot of elements of the dormer window.

Then, transverse bars are placed on the rafters: the upper one corresponds to the size of the window itself, and the lower one is at the level with the outer wall of the housing construction. On the lower bar, racks are placed in a vertical position, connecting the transverse bars at the top. It turns out a window frame fastened with longitudinal bars with an upper bar placed on reinforced rafters. So it turns out the finished frame, but without window rafters. The attic system of rafters is equipped according to the model for the main roof structure.

triangular window frame

When placing jumper bars, it is undesirable to fasten window parts by cutting them into the rafters of the main roof truss system, so as not to weaken the bearing capacity of all parts. All frame components are fixed with galvanized steel fasteners.

Having checked the strength and reliability of the frame in the horizontal and vertical planes, you can begin to place the ridge bar and small rafters for the dormer window.

To greatly simplify the laboriousness of the work, the rafters are cut according to a pre-made template blank. The walls on the sides are sewn up with moisture-resistant building materials.

Window roofing is laid at the same time as the roofing is installed on the entire roof.

Important: strictly follow the sequence of work during the installation of details of roof windows in the roof of the house.

Main types of skylights

Before you make a skylight, you need to understand what kind of window you need. Auditory are those that are located in the roof and are necessary to illuminate and ventilate the attic. Due to their vertical arrangement, the construction of a separate truss structure built into the roof is required. This is their main difference from the roof window, which is built into the roof at an angle. Dormer windows were invented in the first half of the 19th century, while dormers appeared after the Second World War.

In recent years, the use of skylights has become more and more widespread. In addition, occupying the same roof area, they give more light, thanks to the slope, in addition, they are much easier to arrange.

Yet the dilemma often arises: what to choose? If the house was built a long time ago and it is necessary to adhere to some architectural framework, then in this case, most likely, a dormer window will do. If the house was built relatively recently and you just decided to make a residential attic of your house, then an attic may also be suitable.

First, let's look at the auditory variety. For its device, special niches are needed, which the roof must have. The frame of the roof truss and side walls requires a large number of connections to the main roof, it is quite difficult to make it “by eye”. Therefore, you need a drawing created by a good specialist. The pediment and side walls are sheathed with construction plywood and sheathed with facade material. Roofing materials are laid on the roof at the same level as the main roof. The junction of the dormer window to the roof is waterproofed and insulated.

The roof window is fixed between two rafters. Mansards serve as a barrier to water flows, therefore such a structure is usually equipped mainly on roofs with a slope of 15-20 degrees. Modern roof windows are quite complex structures that have good protection against leaks and cold. It will be very difficult to make it on your own, so that it turns out to be of high quality and reliable. Therefore, you will make your life easier by simply buying it from a reliable manufacturer. Fastening to the roof is carried out using a base plate. To drain water, the frame has a special salary, represented by a metal frame, which is located around the perimeter. In order to open it, the design has friction hinges, which are located just above the center of the window. They open the window frame so that all the water that enters it flows onto the roof and does not get inside.

Window opening in finished roof

In private homes, there is often a need for a window opening in the roof. Completely redoing the roof is a rather long and expensive task, therefore it is possible to construct an auditory opening using several techniques.

Determine where the window will be

Window parameters should occupy no more than 10% of the area of ​​​​the space below them. Large windows on the roof provoke a large loss of heat. In addition, their glasses are not strong enough and not as resistant to external influences as it is necessary. The best option is to position the window clearly in the center between the two roof beams.

Installing the window frame

Cut the desired opening for the window opening in the slate and begin assembling the window frame. It is installed on the supporting roof rafters using a special wooden frame 40x50 mm. It is better to fasten it to the rafters using stainless material. The frame is mounted with wood screws with tight fixation to the rafters. You can also mount a frame dormer window that will be parallel to the roof of the house, but such complex structures are best left to professionals.

Sealing and finishing the window opening

Sealants that are suitable for this:

• vapor-tight sealed self-expanding tape;
• acrylic;
• bituminous;
• silicone.

Self-expanding tape, laid in a layer around the perimeter, works best. From above, the gap can be sealed with acrylic material. Such actions are best done in warm and dry weather. If you decide to build a dormer window with your own hands, then let's talk about this in a little more detail.

Types of dormer windows

A flat roof dormer is usually mounted with gutters, so the roof should have a slope of 5 to 15 degrees. The quadrangular design with a single or gable roof is similar to a flat roof window, but it must have a slightly larger slope of the slopes, at least 15 degrees.

A triangular dormer window is most often found in cottages. This design does not have side walls, their place is occupied by roof slopes. This leads to a reduction in the amount of waterproofing work, but at the same time reduces the illumination of the attic if the front part of such a window is not directed to the facade of the house. Recently, an interesting solution has appeared in the form of a round shape. In the people, such designs are called "frog mouth" or "bat".

The most functional is a window in the form of a skylight. Visually, this is a lightweight construction that does not weigh down the roof, and it illuminates the attic perfectly. Specialists usually adhere to the following figures when drawing up drawings, determining the number and size of dormer windows: the total width must not exceed half the width of the attic, the lower edges of the dormer windows should be at a height of 0.9 m from the floor; the higher the location of the dormer window, the better the lighting occurs.

frame

The frame of the dormer window is mounted at the time when the roof truss system is being installed. If the roof is gable, the frame has its own crate and its own rafters. Basically it is a separate mini-roof. When a rafter system is being erected, in those places where dormer windows are planned, it is necessary to provide openings that enclose the rafter legs with increased strength, because they will have to take on the mass of the dormer window structure.

Then, transverse beams are laid on the rafter legs: the upper one - according to the size of the window, and the lower one - at the level of the outer wall of the house. Vertical racks are installed on the lower beam, which are connected by a transverse bar along the top. We get a frame, which we fasten with longitudinal bars with the upper beam, which was laid on. So we get the frame, but so far without the truss system of the window itself. The rafter system in the attic is made following the image of the main roof structure.

triangular window frame

When installing jumper beams, it is undesirable to cut into the rafter legs of the main roof structure in order to prevent a weakening of the bearing capacity. Fastening of all frame elements is carried out using metal fasteners. After checking the frame horizontally and vertically, you can install a ridge beam and small rafters of the dormer roof. The rafters are cut according to the template - this simplifies the work quite well. The side walls are sheathed with moisture resistant material. The roof of the window is mounted simultaneously with the execution of the roofing material on the main roof.

Properly waterproof the joints of the dormer window and the main roof so that there is no leakage.