Why is it necessary and how to install a sewer pipe in a private house - theory and practice. Everything you need to know about autonomous sewage Installation of a sewer riser in a private house

An urgent question that torments everyone who wants to live in private country houses without the ability to connect to a central water supply and sanitation is how to make an autonomous sewer. Indeed, without it, it is not possible to fully use such benefits of civilization as a bath, shower, kitchen sink, washing machine and much more. Sewerage in a private house can be equipped different ways, which we will discuss in this article. Choosing the right system for your individual conditions and needs is even more important than putting it into practice.

What can be a sewerage system - a private house with permanent and temporary residence

The option of arranging the drainage system in private homes is selected depending on several conditions:

House with permanent or temporary residence.
How many people permanently live in the house.
What is the daily water consumption per person in the house (depends on the number of water consumers, such as a bathroom, shower, toilet, sink, washbasin, washing machine, etc.)
What level of occurrence ground water.
What is the size of the plot, how much space can be used for treatment systems.
What is the structure and type of soil on the site.
Climatic conditions of the area.

More detailed information about the requirements can be found in the relevant sections of SanPin and SNiP.

Conventionally, all sewage systems in a private house can be divided into only two types:

Accumulation systems(cesspool without a bottom, sealed container for drains).
Cleaning facilities Wastewater (the simplest single-chamber septic tank with soil cleaning, a two-chamber septic tank - overflowing wells with natural cleaning, a two - three-chamber septic tank with a filtration field, a septic tank with a biofilter, a septic tank (aerotank) with a constant air supply).

The most ancient, proven for centuries and even millennia, way of arranging sewage is a cesspool. Some 50-70 years ago there was no alternative to this method at all. But at the same time, people did not use this a large number of water in private homes, as today.

The cesspool is a well without a bottom. Walls cesspool can be made of brick concrete rings, concrete or other material. Soil remains at the bottom. When runoff from the house enters the pit, more or less pure water seeps into the soil, being cleansed. Fecal matter and other solid organic waste settle to the bottom, accumulating. Over time, the well is filled with solid waste, then it must be cleaned.

Previously, the walls of the cesspool were not made waterproof, then when filling the pit, they simply dug it in and pulled out a new one in another place.

I would like to note right away that a sewerage device in a private house using a cesspool is possible only if the average daily volume of effluents is less than 1 m3. In this case, soil microorganisms that live in the soil and feed on organic matter have time to process the water that penetrates the soil through the bottom of the pit. If the volume of runoff is more than this norm, the water does not undergo sufficient purification, penetrates into the soil and pollutes groundwater. This is fraught with the fact that wells and other water sources can be contaminated within a radius of 50 m. The addition of microorganisms to the cesspool somewhat reduces bad smell emanating from it, and also speeds up the process of water purification. But still, it's not worth the risk.

Conclusion. A cesspool without a bottom can be built if there are visits to the house 2-3 days a week and do not consume much water. At the same time, the level of groundwater occurrence must be at least 1 m lower than the bottom of the pit, otherwise pollution of the soil and the water source cannot be avoided. Despite the lowest cost of arrangement, the cesspool is not popular in modern country houses and cottages.

Sealed container - storage tank

A sealed container is installed on the site near the house, into which sewage and waste from the whole house flow through pipes. This container can be ready-made, store-bought, and made of plastic, metal, or other material. And it can be mounted independently from concrete rings, the bottom is made of concrete, and the cover is made of metal. The main condition for installing sewerage in a private house of this type is complete tightness. Suitable for sewers corrugated pipes pragma.

When the container is full, it must be emptied. To do this, a sewer machine is called, the call of which costs from 15 to 30 USD. The frequency of emptying the tank, as well as the required volume, depends on the number of drains. For example, if 4 people live permanently in the house, use the bathroom, shower, sink, toilet, washing machine, then the minimum volume storage tank should be 8 m3, it will have to be cleaned every 10 - 13 days.

Conclusion. A sealed cesspool is one of the options for how to sewer in a private house if the groundwater level in the area is high. This will completely protect the soil and water sources from possible pollution. The disadvantage of such a sewage system is that you will often have to call a sewage truck. To do this, from the very beginning it is necessary to correctly calculate the installation location of the tank in order to provide convenient access to it. The bottom of the pit or container must not be deeper than 3 m from the soil surface, otherwise the cleaning hose will not reach the bottom. The container lid must be insulated to protect the pipeline from freezing. For such a sewer in a private house, the cost depends on the material of the container. The cheapest option would be to purchase second-hand eurocubes, the most expensive - concrete pouring or brick. In addition, there are monthly cleaning costs.

Single-chamber septic tank - the simplest option for soil cleaning

A single-chamber septic tank is not far from the cesspool, very often it is called that. It is a well, at the bottom of which crushed stone is covered with a layer of at least 30 cm, and coarse-grained sand is covered with the same layer on top. Wastewater flows through pipes into a well, where water, seeping through a layer of sand, gravel, and then soil, is cleaned by 50%. Adding sand and gravel improves the quality of water purification and partially faeces, but does not solve the problem radically.

Conclusion. Sewerage in a private house using a single-chamber septic tank is impossible when permanent residence and large stocks. Only for houses with temporary residence and low groundwater levels. After some time, crushed stone and sand will need to be completely replaced, as they will silt.

Two-chamber septic tank - overflow settling wells

As one of the economical sewer options that you can install yourself, the arrangement of overflow settling wells and filter wells is universally popular.

This sewerage system in a private house consists of two wells: one with a sealed bottom, the second without a bottom, but with powders, as in the previous method (crushed stone and sand). Wastewater from the house enters the first well, where solid organic waste and feces sink to the bottom, fatty ones float to the surface, and more or less clarified water forms between them. At a height of about 2/3 of the first well, it is connected to the second well by an overflow pipe, located slightly at an angle so that water can flow there unhindered. Partially clarified water enters the second well, where it seeps through a powder of crushed stone, sand and soil, it is cleaned even more and leaves.

The first well is a sump, and the second is a filter well. Over time, a critical mass of feces accumulates in the first well, for the removal of which it is necessary to call a sewage truck. You will have to do this about once every 4 to 6 months. To reduce the unpleasant smell, microorganisms are added to the first well, which decompose the feces.

Overflow sewerage in a private house: photo - example

A two-chamber septic tank can be made independently from concrete rings, concrete or brick, or you can purchase a ready-made (plastic) one from the manufacturer. In the finished two-chamber septic tank, additional cleaning will also take place with the help of special microorganisms.

Conclusion. It is possible to install a sewerage system in a private house from two overflow wells only if the groundwater level, even during a flood, is 1 m lower from the bottom of the second well. Ideal conditions is sandy or sandy loamy soil on the site. After 5 years, crushed stone and sand in the filter well will have to be replaced.

Septic tank with filtration field - biological and soil treatment

We turn to the description of more or less serious cleaning systems that allow you not to worry about environmental pollution.

This type of septic tank is a single tank, divided into 2 - 3 sections or several separate tanks-wells connected by pipes. Most often, having decided to equip just this type of sewage system, a factory-made septic tank is purchased.

In the first tank, wastewater settles, as in the previous method (settlement well). Through the pipe, partially clarified water enters the second tank or section, where anaerobic bacteria decompose organic residues. Even more clarified water enters the filtration fields.

Filtration fields are an area underground where wastewater is treated by soil. Due to the large area (about 30 m2), the water is purified by 80%. The ideal case is if the soil is sandy or sandy, otherwise you will have to equip artificial field filtration from crushed stone and sand. After passing through the filtration fields, water is collected in pipelines and discharged into drainage ditches or wells. Trees or edible vegetables cannot be planted above the filtration fields, only a flower bed is allowed.

Over time, the fields silt up, and they need to be cleaned, or rather, crushed stone and sand should be replaced. You can imagine how much work will have to be done, and what your site will turn into after that.

Conclusion. Laying a sewer in a private house, assuming the presence of a filtration field, is possible only if the groundwater level is below 2.5 - 3 m. Otherwise, this is quite constructive solution subject to sufficient free space. Also, do not forget that the distance from the filtration fields to water sources and residential buildings should be more than 30 m.

Septic tank with biofilter - natural treatment station

The deep cleaning station allows you to complete the installation of sewage in a private house, even if the groundwater level is very high.

The septic tank is a container divided into 3 - 4 sections. It is better to purchase it from a trusted manufacturer, after consulting with professionals about the required volume and equipment. Of course, the price for such a sewer in a private house is not the lowest, it starts from 1200 USD.

In the first chamber of the septic tank, water is settled, in the second - the decomposition of organic matter by anaerobic microorganisms, the third chamber serves to separate water, since in the fourth chamber organic matter is decomposed with the help of aerobic bacteria, which need a constant supply of air. To do this, a pipe is mounted above the chamber, rising 50 cm above the ground level. Aerobic bacteria are planted on a filter installed on a pipe leading from the third section to the fourth. In fact, this is the filtering field - only in miniature and concentrated. Due to the small area of water movement and the high concentration of microorganisms, there is a thorough purification of water up to 90 - 95%. Such water can be safely used for technical needs - watering the garden, washing the car and much more. To do this, their fourth section is given a pipe leading either to a tank for the accumulation of purified water, or to drainage ditch or a well, where it simply soaks into the ground.

Sewage treatment in a private house - scheme of work:

Conclusion. Septic tank with biofilter - good decision for a private house with permanent residence. Microorganisms can be added to the septic tank by simply pouring them into the toilet. There are no restrictions on the use of such a treatment plant. An undeniable advantage is that it does not require electricity. The only drawback is that sewerage wiring in a private house requires permanent residence, since without the constant presence of sewage, bacteria die. When new strains are introduced, they begin vigorous activity just two weeks later.

Septic tank with forced air supply - artificial cleaning station

An accelerated cleaning station where natural processes occur artificially. The construction of a sewerage system in a private house using an aeration tank will require electricity to be connected to the septic tank to connect an air pump and an air distributor.

Such a septic tank consists of three chambers or separate containers interconnected. Water enters the first chamber through sewer pipes, where it settles, and solid waste precipitate out. Partially clarified water from the first chamber is pumped into the second.

The second chamber is actually an aeration tank, here water is mixed with activated sludge, which consists of microorganisms and plants. All microorganisms and bacteria of activated sludge are aerobic. It is for their full-fledged life that forced aeration is needed.

Water mixed with sludge enters the third chamber - a sump for deeper cleaning. Then the sludge is pumped back to the aeration tank by a special pump.

Forced air supply provides a fairly quick wastewater treatment, which can then be used for technical needs.

Conclusion. Aerotank is an expensive, but necessary pleasure in some cases. The price starts from 3700 USD. There are no restrictions on the installation of such a sewer. Disadvantages - the need for electricity and permanent residence, otherwise activated sludge bacteria die.

Water supply and sewerage of a private house - general rules

Certain restrictions apply to the location of sewer facilities.

septic tank should be located:

no closer than 5 m from a residential building;
no closer than 20 - 50 m from the water source (well, well, reservoir);
no closer than 10 m from the garden.

House must be removed:

8 m from filter wells;
25 m from the filter fields;
50 m from aeration treatment plants;
300 m from drain wells or stations.

The pipes leading to the septic tank must be insulated so that they do not freeze through in winter. To do this, they are wrapped with heat-insulating material and inserted into asbestos-cement pipes. External sewerage wiring in a private house is carried out with pipes with a diameter of 100 - 110 mm, the slope should be 2 cm by 2 m, i.e. 2 °, in practice they do a little more - 5 - 7 ° (with a margin). But you shouldn’t joke with this matter, since a larger slope will lead to the fact that water will quickly pass through the pipes, and feces will linger and clog them, and a smaller angle of inclination will not ensure that wastewater moves through the pipes at all. It is advisable to lay the pipes in such a way that there are no turns and corners. For internal wiring of sewer pipes, 50 mm in diameter is sufficient. If the house has more than one floor, and baths, sinks, and a toilet are also installed on the upper floors, then a riser with a diameter of 200 mm is used to drain wastewater down.

If you decide that you can handle the sewerage of a private house with your own hands, be sure to take into account all the restrictions of SanPin and SNiP regarding the location and design of the sewerage system. In order not to spoil relations with neighbors, consider the location of their water sources and other buildings.

The sewerage project of a private house is extremely important; you should not try to do without it. Sewerage is not a system that tolerates approximation. Contact design bureaus or architects, let the professionals create a working draft for you, taking into account all the features of the soil, site, climate and operating conditions. It is better if this project is completed along with the project of the house itself before the start of its construction. This will greatly facilitate installation.

If you are interested in the question of how to make a sewer in a private house at high level ground water, then based on all of the above, it can be such options:

Sealed container for accumulation of waste.
Septic tank with biofilter.
Aeration cleaning station (aerotank).

Direct work on the installation of a sewer system in a private house is not so complicated. It is necessary to spread pipes around the house that will collect drains from different sources, connect them to the collector and lead through the foundation or under it along the ground to the septic tank. Excavation You can do it yourself, or you can hire an excavator. But choosing the right sewerage system and drafting a project is much more important.

Sewerage in a private house: video - example

For owners country houses doing a lot for home improvement with their own hands, it is useful to know some of the features of the arrangement of water supply and sewer systems. These are the most basic engineering Communication, without which the construction of any house is not complete.

When installing a sewer, it is important to remember about such a device as a fan riser. What is this device and what are the nuances of its installation? These and a number of other questions can be answered in our article.

The fan riser in a private house is a part of the pipeline connecting the sewer riser to the open air.

Fan pipe on the roof of a private house

In the absence of this element, during the development of wastewater, a rarefaction occurs in the system, the water seal is broken, and an unpleasant odor is felt in the room. For each plumbing device, a discharge pipe with a knee is required. In this bend, water is normally found. It also performs the function of a water seal, preventing the penetration of unpleasant fumes into the house. With a sharp discharge of wastewater in the sewer pipes, a vacuum occurs. Air from the street passes through the fan device into the system, and the pressure returns to normal. This ensures that there are no odors.

Sometimes you can do without a fan riser. For example, in small building consisting of one or two floors. However mandatory requirement in this case, only one bathroom is equipped.

If the house has two or more bathrooms or several toilets, then the installation of a fan riser is mandatory. Its presence is determined by the following factors:

Development stage

Even at the design stage, in order to install the sewer riser correctly, two basic requirements must be taken into account:

The sewer pipe must be led out in the direction from which the vapors are discharged due to air flows.
Simplified, the installation of a fan system can be understood as the supply of pipes to the ventilation duct. If this is difficult, the outlet is carried out through the wall.

The ventilation structure for eliminating unpleasant odors consists of different parts:

fan pipes;
ventilation ducts;
connecting elements;
fittings.

Features of the work

Having dealt with what a fan riser is, you need to carefully study the principles of its installation. It is advisable to plan the installation of this device as soon as the development of the project of the internal sewer system begins. In order for ventilation to work better, you should try to avoid bends and corners in the structure.

Fan riser output diagram

The ideal position of the air riser is exclusively vertical. This pipe is led through the floors between floors to the roof. However, this is not always possible in practice. Often in country houses you have to use additional elements for connection.

Sometimes they use the method of connecting several risers into one duct. This can be connecting an auxiliary riser to the main one or removing a vent pipe with its connection at the same distance from two risers.

This installation method is better because it allows you to evenly distribute air pressure throughout the system.

Fan pipes on the roof of the building

One of the main rules of installation is the correct diameter of the air pipe. It should not be larger than the diameter of the sewer. At the same time, the indicator of this element ideally corresponds to the size of not only the central riser, but also the branch pipe, which serves to connect the external and internal sewers.

It is also worth remembering that it is unacceptable to combine sewer ventilation with any climatic design or outlet carbon monoxide during operation of the heating boiler.

How to change fan riser

If the air riser breaks down, it is often necessary to replace it. The replacement of the structure is carried out according to the same principle as the repair of individual sections of the sewerage system. This process differs mainly in the material from which the pipes are made, and in the method of their connection.

Fan pipe repair

To replace the fan riser, a number of conditions must be met:

During dismantling works necessary organize good ventilation in the living room.
Structural elements need to be replaced in a respirator and rubber gloves.
At the end, you need to make sure that all the pipeline was sealed.

By itself, the installation of a fan riser is not particularly difficult. Nevertheless, the masters recommend following some important requirements.

It is better that the diameters of the fan pipe and the riser match.

Fan cast iron pipe

If a combination of several materials is used in the work, for example, a plastic fan pipe and a cast-iron riser, it is recommended to use a rubber adapter.

For articulation of several fans, angles of 45 or 135 degrees are used. Sections of the fan system, located horizontally, must be laid with a slope of 0.02% in the direction of the gas outlet.

If it is required to change the angle of the direction of the pipe, a special bend with a degree of rotation of 135 is used.

Requirements that fan risers must meet

Certain criteria have been developed for air risers. During the installation of the system, it is advisable to check with them:

When the pipe is brought to the roof, it must rise above the roof by at least 30 cm.
If an attic or attic is built the minimum length of the pipe must be three meters.
The gap between the pipe and a nearby light opening or loggia is made in length at least 4 meters.
Fan system in accordance with existing regulations is carried out through rooms with heating or must have an individual insulation.
It is not allowed to lead the air pipe through the chimney.
The upper component of the fan riser is equipped protective grille , which prevents the penetration of insects and birds into the structure.

Common mistakes when installing a riser

Despite the fact that the installation of the fan system can be done independently, there are a number of nuances, the knowledge of which will help to avoid serious shortcomings in the installation of the riser.

Installation of a fan pipe

Sometimes incorrectly carried out work on the equipment of a funnel design has rather unpleasant consequences.

For example, the owners of country houses do not always correctly install the fan pipe, trimming the system immediately in the attic. This leads to the fact that unpleasant odors seep into the attic, which can also penetrate into the housing.

Another serious drawback is the installation of a fan on outer wall. In this case, there is a risk of condensation.

Some owners prefer to mount an additional device - a roof aerator.

Pitched roof aerators

Its function is to improve traction. However, this is not always advisable. In most cases, the following happens: the outflow of sewer gases is weaker and an unpleasant smell from the bathroom can be felt in the house.

Installation of an air riser becomes a prerequisite the right equipment waste system. The absence of this device leads to rather negative consequences.

Sometimes it is better to entrust the installation of the pipe to qualified specialists. If you don't have required amount tools or materials, you should not carry out the installation yourself. Buying the right equipment, which is unlikely to be useful to you in the future, does not make sense. In addition, the arrangement of sewer systems has its own specifics. An experienced master plumber will do the job efficiently, taking into account all requirements.

In order to correctly perform the installation, it is necessary to strictly observe the pre-prepared project and perform all the necessary calculations.

What can replace the fan pipe

An alternative option for ventilation sewer systems is considered to be vacuum valves. They are installed at the end of the sewer riser in the house itself.

Installation of a vacuum valve on a sewer riser

Inside the vacuum type valve is a special spring with low resistance and a rubber sealing element for tightness. The principle of operation of such a device is as follows:

Sewer drains, passing along the riser, provide a vacuum in the system.
The shutter or valve opens.
The air from the siphon is sucked in and passes into the sewerage network. This extinguishes the vacuum.
After normalizing the pressure in the sewer system, the spring mechanism comes into action. The valve closes the gap and does not allow an unpleasant smell to pass into the room.

In situations where it is not possible to install check valve sewers to the riser, this device can be mounted on any other segment horizontal pipe, brought to the riser.

Attention should also be paid to such an important point as the presence of a hydraulic lock at each plumbing point.

Using a hydraulic seal

Otherwise, an unpleasant smell in the house cannot be avoided, despite the properly installed sewer system and ventilation equipment. In most modern sewer devices there are built-in hydraulic locks.

There is a special document - a set of Building Norms and Rules (SNiP). These requirements must be taken into account. The documentation contains the conditions for the mandatory equipment of fan risers:

houses with two floors and above in which there is a sewerage system and installation of plumbing devices;
in houses with independent sewerage, with the presence of a storage tank, septic tank or cesspool;
if indoors constant bad smell.

In any case, equip the air riser in country house necessary. Only in this way can the work on laying the sewer pipe system be considered correctly performed. No one wants to put up with the presence of sewer odors in living quarters. You can invite professionals to install the fan pipes, or you can try to cope with this task yourself.

Fan pipe on the roof of a private house Sewerage with a septic tank in a private house Diagram of the outlet of the fan riser Fan pipes on the roof of the building Using a hydraulic lock Installing a vacuum valve on the sewer riser

Live outside the city with the same comfort as in a city apartment? Today it is already difficult to surprise anyone. Almost everyone has heard that for comfort, you just need to install an autonomous sewage system on the site.

But what it is, how it works, how to choose it correctly and what to do with it after installation - almost no one knows. Today we will tell you all about it, in this article:

What you need to know about the characteristics of an autonomous sewer?

So, what should be considered when choosing autonomous sewerage to a suburban area?

The main parameter of autonomous sewage - maximum stock volume which she can process in 24 hours.
Salvo drop.
No less important is insertion depth, indicating at what depth pipes for sewerage can be laid.
Service period when it is necessary to remove accumulated sludge from the equipment.
Wastewater treatment quality- usually this figure is 98%.
Housing material.
Ease of installation.

Among the disadvantages of systems can be identified high cost. But if you take into account the costs of calling a sewage truck when arranging an ordinary cesspool, they will quickly pay off.

4 sewer options

You can equip the sewer on the site in different ways:

Cesspool - often used in summer cottages, but does not meet the requirements of environmental conservation.
Installation of local treatment facilities is a more expensive option than the first, but is only suitable for houses with year-round use.
Storage tanks are a simple method, but not for everyone. Effluent accumulates in tanks, pumped out by a sewage machine. Eco-friendly but not cheap.
Septic tank - wastewater is purified up to 98% and enters the drainage well. Maintenance - pumping out sludge once every 2-3 years, which can be used as fertilizer.

3 ways to clean wastewater, which one to choose?

The most common first two types of sewers are:

with mechanical cleaning;
with biological treatment;
with combined cleaning.

Septic tank with mechanical wastewater treatment

Has its pros and cons. Let's highlight some of them based on user reviews. Works by itself, unlike the following type.

Pros/Cons

work without power consumption,
equipment does not require constant maintenance,
year-round work
if necessary, you can take a break in the work of the septic tank.

not a very pleasant smell
need to be laid sewer pipes, is activated big square plot,
service with special equipment,
suitable geological conditions are required.

Sewer installation:

We determine the volume of the device - at least 200 liters of waste per person per day.
We choose the place where the future sewerage will be installed.
We dig a hole under the tank or concrete rings.
We supply pipes and mount a platform for the withdrawal of purified water.

Biological treatment (septic tank or VOC)

The essence of an autonomous sewage system (link Topas treatment plants, as in the photo below) is its autonomous operation without constant maintenance. The septic is biological treatment without access to oxygen, but electricity is not needed. VOC is also biological purification by bacteria, but with the use of oxygen (aerobic). Local treatment plants are a subspecies of an autonomous sewage system, which is a monoblock. Effluent in the device is cleaned biologically due to the action of microorganisms on them.

The principle of operation of the device is based on forced aeration, due to which the effluents are cleaned so well. But, despite all its advantages, this device also has a drawback - it is volatile, that is, it works exclusively when voltage is applied. However, it works silently and without odors.

Installation of an autonomous station occurs as follows:

Preparation of the pit in accordance with the dimensions of the installation.
Digging a trench for the pipeline, insulation of outlet pipes.
Installation of the station and connection of pipes to it.
Electricity supply and connection.

As a result of all the above, it should be noted that an autonomous sewer system is not at all simple, therefore it must be built according to a specially prepared project.

What should be taken into account?

When choosing an autonomous sewage system, it is necessary to take into account many factors:

land relief,
the climate of your region,
groundwater level,
how often and how many people live in the house,
provision of access for sewage equipment.

The sewer system needs to communicate with the atmosphere for air inflow in the event of a rarefaction and removal of gases. For these purposes, a sewer pipe is installed in a private house. Its absence can lead to the fact that the system will not work correctly - the discharge of water will be accompanied by annoying sounds, and an unpleasant smell will appear in the room.

With intensive draining of water, the flow rate in the sewer system increases sharply, as a result of which a zone of rarefied pressure is formed. Since, according to the law of physics, the pressure in a closed system tends to equalize, water from the outlets and siphons rushes into the rarefaction zone, which causes unpleasant and rather loud rattling and squelching sounds in the kitchen and bathroom. Fan pipes for sewerage provide instant air flow into the rarefaction zone, thanks to which excludes the possibility of "sucking" of water from hydraulic seals.

Toilets are often cited as the main cause of rarefaction, but it should be remembered that the flow rate can increase significantly during operation. washing machine, which drains water under pressure. If you answer the question why a sewer sewer pipe is needed, in one phrase, we can say that such structures prevent the common clearance of the sewer riser from being blocked by the drained flow.

Another function of the fan pipe is removal of gases formed in the sewer system. Otherwise, they can get into the room, causing a lot of trouble.

Pipe materials and diameters

Since the fan pipe in a private house is part of the system, it will be optimal to make it from the same material that is selected for the rest of the pipelines. In some cases, a combination of materials is allowed, but experts believe that the effectiveness of heterogeneous systems is significantly lower.

For installation of the inside of the sewer in a private house, cast iron or plastic pipes.

Cast iron pipes have the required durability, however, in the presence of defects in processing or mechanical damage, they become susceptible to corrosion. In addition, the large weight of the products greatly complicates the installation, not only in terms of increasing labor costs, but also in terms of fixing the vertical sections of the pipeline.
Increasingly, for the installation of internal sewer systems are used plastic pipes, which, in addition to low weight, have a number of other advantages, including strength, durability, absolute immunity to corrosion and the presence of a smooth inner surface reducing the likelihood of deposits and blockages. Another benefit of plastic is big choice not only pipes of different diameters, but also the fittings necessary for the implementation of the developed scheme.

The choice of the diameter of the fan pipe is made taking into account the design features of the system. Main condition: the diameter of the vent pipe should not be less than the largest pipe(including pipes and outlets) systems.

Since in the vast majority of cases the largest sewer pipes are used to connect the toilet and have a diameter of 110 mm, the drain pipes are also installed with the same diameter.

Riser installation and roof outlet

The current building codes (SNiP 2.04.01-85 * "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings") recognize the mandatory installation of a fan riser for houses with 2 or more floors, however, experts are sure that in a one-story private house such a design can significantly increase the degree comfort and relieve extra hassle. Taking into account the purpose of the vent pipes, it becomes clear that their need directly depends on the degree of risk of blocking the flow of the sewer, and therefore on the amount of effluent entering the system. Thus, when using the house as a place summer holiday with short-term residence and the presence of a minimum amount of plumbing and drain points, you can completely do without a fan pipe.

For a full-fledged residential building, which has a toilet, bathroom or shower room, several taps, washing and Dishwasher, the fan pipe is, if not mandatory, then, in any case, a very desirable addition to the sewer system.

The installation of a sewer pipe is not difficult. In fact, the fan part of the system consists of individual outlets for drain points and a fan riser. With a large area of \u200b\u200bthe house and several bathrooms or toilet rooms located at a considerable distance from each other, several fan risers can be installed in order to eliminate the laying of long horizontal pipelines in which the traction force is reduced. When connecting several outlets with one fan pipe, it is better to place the supply pipelines with a slight slope.

Intensive movement of gases through the pipe and their effective removal the temperature difference contributes from the system - the initial section of communications is located in a heated room, and the final one is outside the house.

Since the main part of the fan pipe is a vertically located line, it is important to take care of its reliable fixation. Fan pipes are attached to the walls with the help of. In some cases, it is recommended to soundproofing of fan risers using materials specially designed for this purpose (for example, mineral wool rolled cloth or plates).

Special attention is required to bring the vent pipe to the roof. It can be carried out through a riser located inside the house or using a pipe fixed on the outer wall of the house. Optimal is the output of the fan riser exactly on the roof, since the exit to the attic is not allowed by existing norms and rules, and the installation of the structure under the overhang increases the risk of pipe destruction when ice or snow masses leave the roof.

In order for the system to work effectively, it is important to follow certain rules.

The height of the vent pipe above the surface pitched roof should be at least 0.5 m above the non-operated flat roof- 0.3 m. And if the roof is used, then the height of the pipe must be at least 3 m.
If there are several pipes leading to the roof ( general ventilation, chimney from a fireplace or stove, etc.), the fan pipe must necessarily be higher than all the others. Otherwise, unpleasant odors can enter the room. For the same reason, it is strictly forbidden to combine a fan riser with common system ventilation or with a chimney.
The distance from the windows to the vent pipe should not be less than 4 m.
It is preferable to carry out the exit of the fan pipe in the place where the maximum number of drain points is located, without transferring the pipe for aesthetic reasons.
It is not recommended to install on fan pipe decorations or other additional elements. Their presence can contribute to the formation of condensate and, accordingly, icing and a decrease in the diameter of the passage. The removal of gases in this case will be less efficient.

check valve

Installing a non-return valve on the downpipe can improve the efficiency of the system, in particular, prevent the backflow of gases. In addition, non-return valves reduce the risk of clogging the drain pipe.

Sewerage without a fan pipe equipped with will perform its functions, however, its ease of use and degree of reliability may be lower, therefore, the combined use of these elements is still recommended. In particular, with dried water in the siphon, the valve alone will not be able to get rid of the smell.

The installation of the fan pipe is carried out at the stage of construction of the inner part of the sewer, it is quite possible to do it yourself with minimal skills. It is only important to strictly follow the recommendations of specialists and the requirements of building codes and regulations. Usage modern materials significantly reduces labor intensity.

Before talking about fan pipes, you need to find out if a fan pipe is needed in a private house. The purpose of the fan pipes is easy to explain - they are needed to connect the sewer to the atmosphere, which ensures ventilation of the system. In addition, the drain pipe equalizes the pressure in the sewer pipeline, so the resulting rarefaction does not lead to the emptying of the siphons.

The need to install fan pipes directly depends on the volume of simultaneous discharge into the sewer - if it is large enough, then the pipe is definitely needed. However, this point will be discussed further. In this article, we will talk about why a fan pipe is needed in the sewerage of a private house.

Fan pipe functions

Air is always present in any sewer pipeline, but when drained, it begins to escape into the atmosphere and draws water from the water seals. The absence of a water seal always causes a characteristic sewer smell to enter the room.

A fan pipe in a private house simultaneously serves three purposes:

Gas withdrawal from the pipes of the sewer system;
Maintaining the required pressure in the pipes, which allows you to simultaneously drain a large number of drains without the risk of introducing an unpleasant odor into the house;
Forms the necessary vacuum in the sewer.

It is mandatory to install a fan pipe if the following conditions are met:

The diameter of the sewer riser is less than 50 mm;
Each floor has a separate bathroom connected to a single sewer system;
Water from the connected pool is drained into the sewer;
Right next to the building there is an autonomous sewer system (for example, a cleaning septic tank).

Installation of sewer pipes

When installing a fan pipe in a private house, you need to ensure that the following rules are observed:

The diameter of the fan pipe must always match the dimensions of the riser;
The fan pipe and ventilation are brought to the roof so that it is located at the maximum distance from windows and balconies;
It is best to place the fan pipe at a distance of 30-50 cm from the ridge - as practice shows, this height is enough for the normal removal of air from the system;
Fan pipes are installed to compensate for one-time drains, so their value must be known exactly before the system is put into operation;
For the bathroom, a 110 mm riser is used, so the pipe diameter cannot be less than 110 mm;
Bathroom drains typically use 50mm pipes and the drain pipe should have the same capacity.

Fan pipe installation rules

When arranging a system with a vent pipe connection, the following rules must be observed:

When choosing material for a fan pipe, you need to ensure that the diameter of the selected pipes matches the diameter of the riser;
The top edge of the exhaust pipe should be at the point where the exhausted air will mix with the atmosphere the fastest (for example, attic space not suitable for this);
The first segments of the sewer system must be located in the heated part of the room;
The last section of the pipeline is installed where there is no heating - the movement of polluted air masses is provided due to temperature changes and pressure changes.

There is one more point that should be considered separately, since it is not directly related to the fan pipes, but is directly related to the work of the sewer. When installing various plumbing fixtures, the following situation arises - the volume of siphons does not correspond to the characteristics of plumbing.

All this leads to a simple result: in small siphons, the water dries out too quickly, and nothing prevents the smell from getting into the room, and draining from large siphons is impractical, and the fan pipes will most likely simply not be able to compensate for it.

Conclusion of ventilation pipes to the roof

The sewer system is used to divert wastewater outside the building. In order for the sewage system to fully function, it must be equipped with ventilation - and for this, risers with fan pipes are installed. Important point: fan pipes for outdoor sewerage can not be equipped with various exhaust devices, such as deflectors or weather vanes.

If there are several risers in the building, it will be much easier to combine them into one system and bring them out through one ventilation duct ending in a fan pipe. The design provides for the sequential installation of a skew tee, a 45-degree elbow, another elbow and a straight tee.

There are several simple rules outlet pipe to the roof:

The fan pipe is installed about half a meter above the roof ridge - but this is only relevant for unused roofs. On the roof, where available summer terrace or a garden, the fan pipe will have to be raised three meters above the roof level.
A sewer system that includes more than one riser is usually combined through a single ventilation pipe.
When calculating the place for the outlet of the fan pipe to the atmosphere, it is necessary to select it in such a way that the distance from the nearest windows is at least 4 m.
It is highly undesirable to bring the fan pipeline under the roof eaves - the structure is very likely to be damaged by precipitation. See also: "".

Installation of a check valve in a private house

In order for the fan pipeline to function efficiently, it must be additionally equipped with a check valve, which allows solving a number of problems:

Compensation for errors made during the installation of the sewer in determining the slope of the pipeline, due to which the wastewater discharged into the system can return to the plumbing fixtures;
Prevention of getting into sewer pipeline various foreign objects, rodents and other living creatures.

The operation of the check valve is reduced to the following points:

Wastewater discharged from plumbing fixtures easily enters the system through the automatically opening valve cover;
The rest of the time, when wastewater is not discharged into the system, the valve is closed;
An increase in pressure in the pipeline or its clogging will not cause runoff to enter the room - the valve does not open in the opposite direction.

The non-return valve can be mounted on the external and on the internal part of the sewer system. Before installing the valve in the system, you must first clean and degrease the pipes so that the element fits well into place.

When the preparation is completed, the valve is launched into the system with the right side, and its petals are bent towards the plumbing fixtures. When preparing pipes for valve installation, do not use different kinds lubricants - the structure must be dried at the time of installation.

Conclusion

A fan pipe in a private house allows you to solve a number of problems associated with the operation of the sewer system. Installation of a fan pipe and a non-return valve is not particularly difficult, and if the sewer was equipped with your own hands, then these elements can be installed independently.

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