Features of the biological treatment station. How to make a sewage treatment plant Do-it-yourself biological treatment septic tank

Country or Vacation home- this is good. But as is customary in places remote or somewhat remote from cities, there is no water supply and sewerage system. The arrangement of sewerage is a very important stage in order to comfortably live outside the city. But sometimes the services of specialized companies are expensive, moreover, unjustifiably. So why overpay when you can equip treatment facilities in a private house with your own hands? How? We will now tell you in detail.

What is a sewage treatment plant?

Before you start arranging treatment facilities in the house, you need to decide which type is right for you both in terms of consumer characteristics, and in price, and if possible self-assembly:

The sewage storage tank is a cesspool in which a filtering bottom and sealed cesspools are equipped.
Devices that process wastewater, namely septic tanks, biological deep cleaning stations, biofilters and aeration tanks.

If you dig deeper, then any of these systems can be installed by yourself without the involvement of specialists, well, unless you need a couple of friends and free time. But, before equipping one or another type, you need to figure out how suitable it is for you.

Cesspool

This is the most cheap option, which can be applied to a private house. Before talking about how to equip it with your own hands, I would like to clarify some points about it. This type has been used for a very long time, it has some advantages:

The available materials for the arrangement, one might say, are junk, and besides, they do not need much.
The design is simple.
Elementary installation.

installation of concrete rings for wastewater treatment plants

But, despite the clear advantages, you need to consider the disadvantages, as they can influence the final choice:

Over time, it will become necessary to clean the pit using sewers, which is far from cheap.
Not every site has the opportunity for the entrance of special equipment, you need to take care of this, so as not to rack your brains over cleaning later.
There is also a restriction on the distance to the source of drinking water.
Such a pit pollutes the soil.

Drains, getting through the sewer pipe, merge into a pit, in which a sand and gravel cushion is provided. From there, the liquid seeps into the ground, and solid waste remains on the pillow. Over time, it fills up and needs to be pumped out.

There are more modern version- this is a sealed cesspool, but here the need to call vacuum trucks can occur very often, especially if you live in the house regularly. In order to minimize the number of calls to special services, you need to choose a large capacity.

How to equip one and the other option, we will tell further.

Standard pit

Since ancient times, people have used cesspools. Then, at the dug hole, the walls were covered with clay, and the toilet itself was on the street. Today, of course, such "technologies" are no longer used.

digging a well for installing treatment facilities for a private house

Whichever option you choose, the first thing to do is dig a hole required dimensions. Concrete rings, bricks, even obsolete tires are suitable for its arrangement. In the latter case, the larger the diameter, the better.

With the use of concrete rings, the technology is somewhat different. To do this, you need to install a ring on the chosen place, then climb inside it and dig it out: as you dig, the ring will fall. With the next ring, do the same, and to the required depth. Then you need to fill the bottom with a sand and gravel pillow. In most cases, three to four rings will suffice. You also need to remember to provide an outlet for the drain, namely: a hole for the pipe, which will lead the drains to the required place.

When using old tires, you can either proceed in the same way as with concrete rings, or dig a hole in advance. In the second option for laying tires, the soil around them should be compacted so that there is no space between them and the wall of the pit. If applicable brickwork, then the pits are dug in advance in approximately the same size as the pit will be. Then it is simply covered with bricks using mortar standard masonry. Don't forget to wall up the pipe or leave room for it.

From above, this structure must be covered so that it does not exude odors and rainwater does not get there, or no one falls. It is also desirable to provide air vent and a well for pumping out.

Please note: this type will not work if there are a lot of drains, for a number of reasons:

The soil is not able to absorb very a large number of water.
Given that the filtration will be coarse, the liquid that enters the soil will be undertreated, which means that sewage will enter it and pollute it.

sealed pits

For their arrangement, it is necessary to purchase a special container. Today, the most common are plastic pits, their sizes vary from one to dozens of cubes, so you can choose by size. But here a problem arises: first of all, it needs to be transported somehow, and then installed in the place intended for it. Completely without the involvement of special equipment can not do here. Next, we will present the sequence of works:

Digging a hole. If a large capacity is expected, then it is not so easy to dig it out, and it is better to use the services of an excavator. If you are not embarrassed by the not very harmonious appearance of the container, then you do not need to bury it at all.
Screed. In most cases, the container is still hidden underground, but first the pit needs to be strengthened. To do this, it is necessary to reinforce and pour a small concrete screed.
Capacity installation. After preparation, you can install a container in the resulting pit. She may be different shapes, so that, most likely, it will have to be covered with a layer of soil from above in such a way that only a pumping well remains on the surface.

When arranging this type of sewage treatment system for a private house with your own hands, you need to take into account some important factors. For example, do not wait until the container is filled to the brim: there must be at least a meter of distance between the lid and the drains. Take care of ventilation, so you can get rid of the strong smell when you open the hatch cover. So, equipping this type of pit, take care of the convenient entrance of special equipment.

installation of concrete rings without a bottom for arranging drainage

A closed cesspool has the following advantages:

It can be arranged in any convenient place, as it does not pollute the soil and sources of drinking water.
This pit is perfect for country house because it does not require high maintenance costs.

Septic tank, or how to rationally use drains

Another option is to make a septic tank with your own hands. It is a design of one, two, three or four containers. The more of them, the better the cleaning will be. With the maximum level of such filtration, it is even possible to use wastewater for technical purposes, for example, for watering or cleaning the territory.

installation of special septic tanks with a system for treating wastewater and draining into the ground

The essence of the work of this treatment plant is that the effluents, falling into one chamber, settle in it for some time. Heavy particles precipitate, then the resulting liquid passes into the next chamber. After these processes, the liquid enters the aeration field, where it is cleaned using soil bacteria, which in top layer a lot of soil. In order to make such a design with your own hands, you need to correctly calculate all its parameters and take into account the features, performance, which will primarily depend on the size of the septic tank.

It is very important to determine the correct dimensions of the septic tank. Here, the amount of effluents that will be produced by the inhabitants of the house in two days is taken into account. Now we are talking about the calculation for the first chamber, since for smaller ones such a calculation goes to knocks. So, knowing that the approximate number of drains per day for one person is 200 liters, this figure should be multiplied by 3 days, since the process of filtering drains in a septic tank can take up to 3 days. In total, we get 600 liters in three days, but this is subject to the residence of one person, if more, then 600 must be multiplied by the number of people permanently residing in the house, which means they use water to wash dishes, take a shower, use the toilet. Having made such simple calculations, it is better to round the resulting figure to big side. For example, if three people live, we will get a figure of 1800 liters, that is, it is better to take a septic tank for 2000 liters.

Another size of the septic tank can be calculated if there is a water meter. Here you also need to calculate for three days, it is best that two weekends and one weekday fall into this period, since it is on weekends that the water consumption is greater, which means that the load on the septic tank is greater.

Scheme of the treatment system

Before creating such a treatment system, it is necessary to develop its scheme. We will offer the simplest one that can be implemented. The basic system includes:

A septic tank, it can be made from concrete rings, European cups, it can also be just a foundation pit in which the walls are lined with concrete. There should be at least two cameras.
Aeration field where post-treatment will be carried out.

When arranging a septic tank, you need to take into account that the best result can be obtained using three cameras.

The entire structure must be sloped. First, there is a pipe with a slope to the septic tanks. Each department of the septic tank should have its own hatch to control its filling. This is followed by an overflow pipe of at least two meters. The filtration field should be from 5 to 20 meters long; ventilation pipes must be installed above it. Above you need a gravel cushion of at least half a meter.

You can make a septic tank with your own hands from improvised materials. The following factors should be considered: durability, environmental friendliness, compliance with sanitary standards, efficiency. You can make a septic tank from bricks, concrete rings, eurocubes.

Septic tank made of concrete rings

Septic tanks made of concrete rings are created no deeper than four meters. Four or five standard rings will be enough for this. The diameter can also be different: from 70 cm to 2 m, this indicator must be taken into account when calculating the required volume. First of all, decide how many wells there will be, where they will be located and where the aeration field will be located.

installation of meter-long concrete rings and fixing in the ground

Please note that each ring weighs several hundred kilograms, and this must be taken into account, because you will most likely have to use special equipment. But, in principle, you can do it yourself, although you will need helpers. The pit digging technology is the same as we told for the cesspool. Lay in this way you need to consistently all the rings. To bind the rings, reinforcement is used, which is welded in the middle of the structure. At the bottom of the septic tank, a screed is poured, waterproofing is carried out. The same must be done with the joints - they are covered with cement and waterproofed. With the second compartment, you need to do the same, but it needs to be made smaller in volume by 20%, from the first. From the last compartment of the septic tank, you need to make an exit to the aeration field.

European cup septic tank

It’s still easier here, you just need to find or buy such containers, you can even use them. Here it will not be possible to particularly turn around in size: both the first and second, and subsequent containers will be the same in volume, only they need to be placed 20 cm below the level of the previous compartment. In such a cube, you need to make a hole for ventilation, it should be separate for each cube and for the aeration field. Before installing septic tanks, it is necessary to dig a hole. Cubes are not heavy, it is quite possible to move and mount them together.

installation of a septic tank from eurocubes and an overflow system

The containers must be connected to the pipe that comes from the house, between themselves and draw a conclusion to the aeration field, then this entire structure should be covered with a layer of earth, leaving only ventilation pipes and wells on the surface. Such septic tanks must be cleaned of sediment in order for them to work effectively.

brick septic tank

When arranging a septic tank of a brick pit, you need to decide on the number of drains. If there are less than a cube, then one camera will be enough. In a brick septic tank, a foundation is needed; on the basis of it, “walls” should already be erected. First you need to dig a hole. Its depth is the volume of the septic tank, we described above how to calculate it. It is also necessary to seal the bottom and think over a sand cushion.

construction of a brick septic tank complex system filtration and overflow

The arrangement of the chamber must begin with the processing of bricks with mastic, after which masonry is carried out using building concrete. After the construction of the structure, it is necessary to process the connection of the wall and floor of the pit cement mortar. The walls must first be treated with clay, and then plastered, after which the installation of a two-layer waterproofing should be organized. For such a septic tank, a reinforced concrete slab is needed for overlapping. It should have two holes - one for the hatch, the second for the ventilation pipe (it can be both plastic and asbestos).

Benefits this option many, namely:

Low price and availability.
Reliability of a design and durability, provided correct execution works.
Ease of arrangement.
Placement and erection options, no need to be tied to a cube or a cylinder.
All work can be carried out independently without the involvement of assistants.
Practicality.

Of course, there are also disadvantages, namely:

The construction process will take a long time, it is laborious.
The design needs additional protection from environmental influences.

Important! Do not build a septic tank from a foam block, as it will not withstand the effects of negative factors and will simply fall apart after a short time.

Other options

The last septic tank option that we would like to talk about is a tire septic tank. This option is cheap and takes less time to implement than the previous one. All work is carried out in stages:

First you need to markup. Lay a tire on the ground, which will be the basis of the first well, at some distance for the second. If there are more of them, then for the next ones. Now you need to dig holes according to the marks.
Bottom. It in any septic tank should not let sewage into the ground. That is why it must either be concreted or covered with the so-called "clay plug", that is, a layer of clay of at least 20-25 cm.
Tire preparation. Everyone needs to cut upper part, use a jigsaw or other suitable tool for this. By carrying out this operation, it will be possible to obtain smoother edges of the well, which will not let runoff into the ground.
Mounting. You need to stack them one on top of the other. For the stability of the structure, they must be connected to each other with wire, in the future, all connecting seams are treated with a sealant to prevent leakage of drains. At a distance of 2/3 to the bottom, you need to insert a transition pipe through which the drains will enter the well from the house.
The remaining space between the well and the pit should be covered with a layer of earth, for example, use the one that remains after digging it.
Lid. Any material that does not rot will do.

As you can see, everyone can equip a treatment plant with their own hands, and at the same time it is not necessary to spend money on expensive cleaning systems. A self-made septic tank will serve faithfully for many years.

Thanks to modern technology and science, have come up with many technologies that allow drainage without harming the environment. Sewerage country house can appear in the following form:

as a cesspool;
septic tank;
biological treatment plant

It should be understood that the construction of any of the above sewers implies the preparation and development of all required documents and schemes.

A cesspool is very easy to do with your own hands. Because of her easy installation and low cost, this type of sewage is most often used by owners of country houses. However, its maintenance will cost a pretty penny, since it is necessary to pump out drains very often when ordering the services of vacuum trucks. During pumping, there is an unpleasant smell in the yard, and the price for this event is high. It is best if you agree to clean up together with your neighbors.

To build such a sewer with your own hands, you need to calculate the volume of the cesspool. Cleaning is done no more than 2 times a year, so take this factor and the number of people living into account. So, for example, their number must be multiplied by 3 or 4 cubic meters (it all depends on how much waste each person produces monthly).

The pit is installed at a distance of 12m from the house, 1m from the fence and 30m from the well. The process itself looks like this:

They dig a hole of the required size with their hands or with the help of equipment.
Hands level the walls of the pit.
Lay on the bottom reinforced mesh(it is better to put stones or bricks under it).
Concrete is poured onto the grid with a layer of 20-25 cm.
During the drying of the concrete, they build an internal suburban sewage system with their hands.
Carry out laying outdoor sewerage(laying pipes to the pit).
Installation of the walls of the septic tank is carried out using concrete or brick.

The hole must be closed. You can close it using a concrete slab with a hatch, or you can make such a slab yourself using a large board and reinforced mesh.

The store sells ready-made septic tanks that require only transportation. The septic tank cleans the drains and cleans them, and anaerobic bacteria process solid organic matter. However, two tanks for wastewater treatment are not enough, and installing 4 is expensive. In fact, the septic tank is the same cesspool, only with a partition. This is a more expensive but safe solution for waste disposal. To make a septic tank with your own hands, you will need:

Build a pit of the required volume.
Fill the bottom with concrete.
Build walls with your hands.
Divide the area into 3 parts and fill in two more walls (separating).
When half of the wall is erected, a pipe is installed with a slight slope for overflow and then concrete is poured.

This is a modern sewer equipment, having installed it, you should not worry about possible environmental pollution. It is impossible to make a suburban sewer of this type with your own hands, but almost everyone can carry out the installation. For a station with an area of 1.5 cubic meters, it will not be necessary to hire lifting machines. It is made of polymeric materials, so the weight of such a sewer is not large.

With the help of a few friends, the installation of a deep biological treatment plant will be quick and easy. The main thing is that the pipe connected to the sewer installation should not be bent.

In country houses with an area where there is a high level of groundwater, a deep biological treatment plant must be installed on the surface or a small depression should be made.

Thanks to modern technology and science, many technologies have been invented that allow drainage without harming the environment. The sewerage of a country house can act in the following form:

as a cesspool;
septic tank;
biological treatment plant

It should be understood that the construction of any of the above sewers implies the preparation and development of all necessary documents and schemes.

A cesspool is very easy to do with your own hands. Due to its simple installation and low cost, this type of sewage system is most often used by owners of country houses. However, its maintenance will cost a pretty penny, since it is necessary to pump out drains very often when ordering the services of vacuum trucks. During pumping, there is an unpleasant smell in the yard, and the price for this event is high. It is best if you agree to clean up together with your neighbors.

The pit is installed at a distance of 12m from the house, 1m from the fence and 30m from the well. The process itself looks like this:

They dig a hole of the required size with their hands or with the help of equipment.
Hands level the walls of the pit.
A reinforced mesh is laid at the bottom (it is better to put stones or bricks under it).
Concrete is poured onto the grid with a layer of 20-25 cm.
During the drying of the concrete, they build an internal suburban sewage system with their hands.
Carry out the laying of external sewage (I lay pipes to the pit).
Installation of the walls of the septic tank is carried out using concrete or brick.

The hole must be closed. You can close it using a concrete slab with a hatch, or you can make such a slab yourself using a large board and reinforced mesh.

Build a pit of the required volume.
Fill the bottom with concrete.
Build walls with your hands.
Divide the area into 3 parts and fill in two more walls (separating).
When half of the wall is erected, a pipe is installed with a slight slope for overflow and then concrete is poured.

With the help of a few friends, the installation of a deep biological treatment plant will be quick and easy. The main thing is that the pipe connected to the sewer installation should not be bent.

In country houses with an area where there is a high level of groundwater, a deep biological treatment plant must be installed on the surface or a small depression should be made.

ogodom.ru

degree of cleaning, do-it-yourself installation, reviews

The biological treatment plant guarantees efficient wastewater treatment in the country. The method of operation of the facility with a high degree of purification is borrowed from nature. The main work here is performed by microorganisms. According to the reviews of the owners, the equipment is trouble-free, its installation is simple.

The basis of the work of the biological treatment plant is the vital activity of microorganisms present in the effluents. Special conditions have been created here for their reproduction - air is pumped in, without which bacteria are not able to decompose waste. In fact, this is a copy natural processes in miniature.

The device of the biological treatment station

SBO is a tank with several chambers inside. How many such chambers are in the tank, how many degrees of purification the biostation has. Each camera has a specific function:

First, water, entering the first compartment, settles, large inclusions settle at its bottom. Subsequently, the sediment must be periodically removed.
The next chamber is the activator. Air is supplied to it by means of a compressor, which is necessary for the vital activity of microorganisms. Here an anaerobic process takes place, which makes it possible to obtain activated sludge.
The third chamber is another settling tank, where the processed product, sludge, is pumped out.
From the secondary clarifier, 98% purified water enters the last chamber.

The silt resulting from the work of bacteria is an excellent fertilizer, and the water that has passed all stages of purification is suitable for irrigation. So in the country, this installation brings a double benefit.

Attention! There is no need to replenish the colony of bacteria by introducing preparations intended for dry closets. Here they will not be of any use, because. completely different microorganisms inhabit it.

Pros and cons of a biological treatment plant

If compared with a septic tank, then the aeration tank has a lot of advantages:

the degree of purification is higher;
no intolerable odor;
compact parameters;

Scheme of treatment facilities

environmental friendliness;
simple installation - they are installed both underground and above, and deepened by half;
no special requirements for soils;
frost resistance;
exclusion of such a service as calling a sewage truck.

The operation of a biological treatment plant is impossible without electricity, so if the cottage is located in an area where electricity is supplied with large interruptions, then it is better not to install such a system. The rather high price of the station can also become a minus. The acquisition will justify itself if a large amount of wastewater is to be processed.

Attention! It is impossible to drain compounds containing chlorine into the sewer, otherwise the bacteria will die. Therefore, washing machines and dishwashers must be drained separately. Colonies of bacteria do not survive even when the station is idle for a long time.

Station installation

The SBO installation process consists of the following steps:

The design of the pit, including its digging, tamping of the bottom, the device of the loading plate, if The groundwater are close to the surface.
Lowering the station into the prepared pit.
Backfilling into the pit of sand, carried out in stages and accompanied by compaction.
Installation of a pipe and a supply of an electric cable.
Ground planning.

Scheme of arrangement of a biological treatment station in the country

To perform the installation work efficiently, you should take into account some features of the process:

The place for the station should be chosen at a short distance from country house.
SBO is best installed on a concrete slab.
When backfilling the bioreactor, the edges are first filled with sand, then the soil is poured.
With a low power station, the compressor and timer are placed in a special well located next to the reactor. Mounting of the control unit outside is allowed.
Cables, as well as air ducts, are placed in protective covers.
If sewer water cannot enter the chamber by gravity, then a pumping station is additionally needed.

Advice. Silt is pumped out 1 or 2 times a year. At the same time, preventive maintenance work is being carried out. It's better when professionals do it.

Popular models of biological treatment plants

Among the SBOs suitable for giving, use the following models:

Station for deep biological treatment BIOTANK

Reviews

When choosing SBO, it is useful to read reviews about different models.

Oleg. I installed Eurobion in my dacha. I was afraid of an unpleasant smell, but it is not at all. The vertical riser through which these odors are removed is high, so that nothing enters the yard. Purified clear water I water the garden. I don’t invite anyone to service, I do it myself with the help of a drainage pump. The only bad thing is that after a long break in work, it starts for a very long time.

Eurobion installation scheme

Andrei. I have TOPAS installed near my country house. I installed it myself, I was even surprised that everything went smoothly. Gives out approximately 1 cubic meter of water per day. It was unusual to bring electricity to this structure, but he managed. Launched, working for 3 months. The water comes out clean and odorless.
Egor. I bought Biotank. It has 4 degrees of purification. I had to somehow turn it off for a day, the bacteria survived, however, I had to wait a bit for the unit to switch to normal mode after being turned on again.

Svetlana. Of course, I like that after the installation of the biological treatment plant, we have fertilizer for the beds (silt) and water for irrigation. In general, country life has become comfortable, like in an apartment. One thing is inconvenient: you can’t drain the water after washing your hair, the husband says that the filters will become clogged, and also let it out of the washing machine.
Ilya. I have a Bioxi station, the device resembles TOPAZ. Yesterday, after a year of operation, I decided to look inside. Everything is fine: the silt is almost not compacted, the airlifts are clean.

Almost all users agree that any models of biological treatment plants work well. Each of them has its own advantages, small disadvantages are not excluded, but it is easy to eliminate them.

How to install a biological treatment plant: video

Wastewater treatment plant: photo

dachadizain.ru

Do-it-yourself treatment facilities for a private house

Country house or country house is good. But as is customary in places remote or somewhat remote from cities, there is no water supply and sewerage system. The arrangement of sewerage is a very important stage in order to comfortably live outside the city. But sometimes the services of specialized companies are expensive, moreover, unjustifiably. So why overpay if you can equip a treatment plant in a private house with your own hands? How? We will now tell you in detail.

What is a sewage treatment plant?

Before you start arranging treatment facilities in the house, you need to decide which type is right for you both in terms of consumer characteristics, price, and, if possible, self-assembly:

The sewage storage tank is a cesspool in which a filtering bottom and sealed cesspools are equipped.
Devices that process wastewater, namely septic tanks, biological deep cleaning stations, biofilters and aeration tanks.

Cesspool

This is the cheapest option that can be applied to a private house. Before talking about how to equip it with your own hands, I would like to clarify some points about it. This type has been used for a very long time, it has some advantages:

The available materials for the arrangement, one might say, are junk, and besides, they do not need much.
The design is simple.
Elementary installation.

installation of concrete rings for wastewater treatment plants

But, despite the clear advantages, you need to consider the disadvantages, as they can influence the final choice:

Over time, it will become necessary to clean the pit using sewers, which is far from cheap.
Not every site has the opportunity for the entrance of special equipment, you need to take care of this, so as not to rack your brains over cleaning later.
There is also a restriction on the distance to the source of drinking water.
Such a pit pollutes the soil.

There is a more modern option - this is an airtight cesspool, but here the need to call vacuum trucks can occur very often, especially if you live in the house regularly. In order to minimize the number of calls to special services, you need to choose a large capacity.

How to equip one and the other option, we will tell further.

Standard pit

digging a well for installing treatment facilities for a private house

Whichever option you choose, the first thing to do is to dig a hole of the required size. Concrete rings, bricks, even obsolete tires are suitable for its arrangement. In the latter case, the larger the diameter, the better.

When using old tires, you can either proceed in the same way as with concrete rings, or dig a hole in advance. In the second option for laying tires, the soil around them should be compacted so that there is no space between them and the wall of the pit. If brickwork is used, then the pits are dug in advance approximately the same size as the pit. Then it is simply covered with bricks using standard masonry mortar. Don't forget to wall up the pipe or leave room for it.

From above, this structure must be covered so that it does not exude odors and rainwater does not get there, or no one falls. It is also desirable to provide a vent and a pumping well.

Please note: this type will not work if there are a lot of drains, for a number of reasons:

The soil is not able to absorb a very large amount of water.
Given that the filtration will be coarse, the liquid that enters the soil will be undertreated, which means that sewage will enter it and pollute it.

sealed pits

Digging a hole. If a large capacity is expected, then it is not so easy to dig it out, and it is better to use the services of an excavator. If you are not embarrassed by the not very harmonious appearance of the container, then you do not need to bury it at all.
Screed. In most cases, the container is still hidden underground, but first the pit needs to be strengthened. To do this, it is necessary to reinforce and pour a small concrete screed.
Capacity installation. After preparation, you can install a container in the resulting pit. It can be of different shapes, so most likely it will have to be covered with a layer of soil on top so that only a pumping well remains on the surface.

installation of concrete rings without a bottom for arranging drainage

A closed cesspool has the following advantages:

It can be arranged in any convenient place, as it does not pollute the soil and sources of drinking water.
Such a cesspool is great for a country house, because it does not require high maintenance costs.

Septic tank, or how to rationally use drains

installation of special septic tanks with a system for treating wastewater and draining into the ground

The essence of the work of this treatment plant is that the effluents, falling into one chamber, settle in it for some time. Heavy particles precipitate, then the resulting liquid passes into the next chamber. After these processes, the liquid enters the aeration field, where it is cleaned using soil bacteria, which are very numerous in the upper soil layer. In order to make such a design with your own hands, you need to correctly calculate all its parameters and take into account the features, performance, which will primarily depend on the size of the septic tank.

It is very important to determine the correct dimensions of the septic tank. Here, the amount of effluents that will be produced by the inhabitants of the house in two days is taken into account. Now we are talking about the calculation for the first chamber, since for smaller ones such a calculation goes to knocks. So, knowing that the approximate number of drains per day for one person is 200 liters, this figure should be multiplied by 3 days, since the process of filtering drains in a septic tank can take up to 3 days. In total, we get 600 liters in three days, but this is subject to the residence of one person, if more, then 600 must be multiplied by the number of people permanently residing in the house, which means they use water to wash dishes, take a shower, use the toilet. Having made such simple calculations, it is better to round the resulting figure up. For example, if three people live, we will get a figure of 1800 liters, that is, it is better to take a septic tank for 2000 liters.

Scheme of the treatment system

Before creating such a treatment system, it is necessary to develop its scheme. We will offer the simplest one that can be implemented. The basic system includes:

A septic tank, it can be made from concrete rings, European cups, it can also be just a foundation pit in which the walls are lined with concrete. There should be at least two cameras.
Aeration field where post-treatment will be carried out.

When arranging a septic tank, you need to take into account that the best result can be obtained using three cameras.

Septic tank made of concrete rings

installation of meter-long concrete rings and fixing in the ground

European cup septic tank

installation of a septic tank from eurocubes and an overflow system

brick septic tank

construction of a brick septic tank with a complex system of filtration and overflows

The arrangement of the chamber must begin with the processing of bricks with mastic, after which masonry is carried out using building concrete. After the construction of the structure, it is necessary to process the connection of the wall and floor of the pit with cement mortar. The walls must first be treated with clay, and then plastered, after which the installation of a two-layer waterproofing should be organized. For such a septic tank, a reinforced concrete slab is needed for overlapping. It should have two holes - one for the hatch, the second for the ventilation pipe (it can be both plastic and asbestos).

This option has many advantages, namely:

Low price and availability.
Reliability of a design and durability, on condition of the correct execution of works.
Ease of arrangement.
Placement and erection options, no need to be tied to a cube or a cylinder.
All work can be carried out independently without the involvement of assistants.
Practicality.

Of course, there are also disadvantages, namely:

The construction process will take a long time, it is laborious.
The design needs additional protection from environmental influences.

Important! Do not build a septic tank from a foam block, as it will not withstand the effects of negative factors and will simply fall apart after a short time.

Other options

The last septic tank option that we would like to talk about is a tire septic tank. This option is cheap and takes less time to implement than the previous one. All work is carried out in stages:

First you need to markup. Lay a tire on the ground, which will be the basis of the first well, at some distance for the second. If there are more of them, then for the next ones. Now you need to dig holes according to the marks.
Bottom. It in any septic tank should not let sewage into the ground. That is why it must either be concreted or covered with the so-called "clay plug", that is, a layer of clay of at least 20-25 cm.
Tire preparation. All need to cut off the upper part, for this, use a jigsaw or other suitable tool. By carrying out this operation, it will be possible to obtain smoother edges of the well, which will not let runoff into the ground.
Mounting. You need to stack them one on top of the other. For the stability of the structure, they must be connected to each other with wire, in the future, all connecting seams are treated with a sealant to prevent leakage of drains. At a distance of 2/3 to the bottom, you need to insert a transition pipe through which the drains will enter the well from the house.
The remaining space between the well and the pit should be covered with a layer of earth, for example, use the one that remains after digging it.
Lid. Any material that does not rot will do.

abvseptik.ru

Biological treatment station for a private house, comparison of a septic tank and SBO

If you do not have the opportunity to connect your country house to the central sewerage system, then the arrangement of a septic tank can rightly be considered the best solution. The use of such an installation allows you to cope with the removal of wastewater offline, which will be appreciated by any owner of a summer house or a house outside the city.

Biological treatment station can be installed by hand

The modern market amazes with a variety of proposals for choosing septic tanks for a country house - from the simplest to those characterized by complexity and perfection of design. The popularity of biological treatment stations for a private house or summer cottage is especially growing - equipment that has a number of obvious advantages that can bring a lot of benefits to their owners. Separately, I am glad that they can be installed with your own hands, which means significant savings for the family budget.

Design and principle of operation of biorefinery stations

SBO is a septic tank made of fiberglass, which includes several compartments. Their specific value is determined by the performance of the treatment plant and constructive principles set by the manufacturer.

In addition, the deep biological treatment plant provides for the presence of equipment that performs aeration - the process of saturating sewage with oxygen. The use of such installations contributes to the growth of the number of aerobic microorganisms, which carry out wastewater treatment - "digesting" the organic compounds included in them.

Air is forced into the septic tank with deep biological treatment by means of compressors - most often one or two. Without them, the microflora in the tanks will not be able to clean the drains, since for its full-fledged life, the presence of sufficient volumes of oxygen is simply necessary.

The principle of operation of the biological sewage treatment plant provides for the phased implementation of the following actions:

sewage entering the first compartment is settled, as a result of which heavy fractions settle to the bottom of the tank;
in the second, aeration chamber, the main process of biological wastewater treatment is carried out, followed by the formation of activated sludge;
water purified in this way enters the third chamber, in which it is finally settled.

It should be noted that stations for deep biological treatment of sewage are capable of removing 98% of unwanted inclusions from them. Due to this, the principle of operation of these installations does not provide for the arrangement of soil filtration fields, which is very convenient when compared with settling tanks of a conventional design.

Advantages and disadvantages

Now it is worth listing the main pros and cons that a biological wastewater treatment plant has. It should be said right away that the advantages of this equipment are much greater than the shortcomings, which ensures its steadily growing popularity. Its most significant benefits include:

higher degree of purification, in comparison with conventional septic tanks;
reliability and durability of the structure;
absence of unpleasant odors;
compact installation dimensions;
the possibility of installation regardless of the specifics of the soil;
no threat to the environment;
resistance to negative temperatures;
saving money on pumping.

In addition, the principle of operation for the maintenance of biological treatment plants is not very difficult.

Also, the operation of such installations provides for the pumping of activated sludge every few months, from which a good fertilizer is obtained for the vegetation growing on the site. Of the shortcomings of the SBO for country houses and cottages, the following points stand out:

unlike a conventional septic tank, a biological treatment plant depends on the electricity needed to operate compressors and jet pumps;
susceptibility to peak wastewater discharges;
relatively high cost;
the need to replace compressors every few years.

The biological treatment plant must operate without long downtime

Also, the equipment in question should not stand idle for a long time without loading - this can lead to the death of the microflora in it. In addition, when using bio-treatment stations, effluents containing chlorine should not be drained into the sewer - again, in order to avoid harming the colonies of beneficial microorganisms.

Installation of SBO for summer cottages or suburban households

With regards to the implementation of the installation for giving this equipment, then you can perform this procedure with your own hands - without the involvement of employees. In addition, in most cases you will not need to use lifting machines - due to the low weight of the mounted structures. Install the station in the following sequence:

digging a pit and carefully ramming its base;
installing a slab if the groundwater level is high;
lowering the biological treatment plant into the pit;
backfilling of the pit, providing for compaction every 25-35 cm;
connection of a sewer pipe;
connection power cable needed to power the compressors and the pump;
ground leveling.

It is also worth adding that for arranging SBO with your own hands, it is advisable for you to consider the following points:

it is not necessary to locate the station at a considerable distance from the dwelling;
it is most rational to install a treatment plant on a concrete slab;
filling the station, you should first fill the edges of the pit with sand;
if the performance of the equipment being installed is low, it is justified to place the compressor and timer in a separate well;
cables and air ducts must be placed in special casings that provide their protection.

Remember that with your own hands it is really only possible to install a bio-treatment station. It is almost impossible to make it yourself in compliance with all quality and safety requirements, and therefore it is better to refuse such an undertaking.

Finally, it remains to be noted that when answering the question of which is better - a septic tank of a classical design or SBO, it is worth considering whether you live outside the city permanently or not. If so, then such a comparison will most often be in favor of the treatment plant - due to the ease of its installation by one's own hands, ease of operation and other reasons listed above. The final decision - an ordinary septic tank or a station - depends only on you, in accordance with your needs, characteristics economic activity and financial possibilities.

vodospec.ru

Autonomous sewerage in a private house. Deep biological wastewater treatment. Autonomous sewerage is the most demanded part of communications. The article talks about autonomous sewage in a private house and wastewater biological treatment plants

Autonomous sewage systems are a complex installation with a characteristic system of overflows, filtration and no less complex electronics. Only competent calculation and observance of norms and rules will ensure a long and quiet life for the “autonomy”. How to arrange an autonomous sewerage system for a private house with your own hands, using "biological weapons" for peaceful purposes?

From the cesspool to the biological wastewater treatment plant

Living in a private house is now becoming more comfortable, thanks to the successful and total implementation engineering systems water purification. Autonomous sewerage is the most demanded part engineering communications.

Starting with primitive and labor-intensive do-it-yourself “economy options” - cesspools and septic tank installations, modern autonomous sewerage for a private house is fundamentally different from its predecessors. The organization of sewer installations is based on the principle of deep biological wastewater treatment.

What is the principle of autonomous sewerage for the house

Work autonomous sewerage a private house is organized according to the wastewater treatment method, which involves the following steps:

Mechanical (cleaning of large fractions)

Biological (removal of organic compounds)

Physico-chemical

Waste water disinfection.

At the mechanical stage of treatment, the effluents pass into a state favorable for the release of suspended solids. result mechanical cleaning is the removal of up to 70 percent of contaminants and the creation of a uniform distribution of water in the drain.

The result of biological wastewater treatment is the degradation of water organic matter using microorganisms (aerobic and anaerobic).

An important step in wastewater treatment is sludge dehydration or a change in the chemical composition of water. To increase the efficiency of the mechanical process in the sewer system, a flocculant is used.

The final stage of wastewater treatment is based on its disinfection and subsequent salvo discharge.

A simplified diagram of an autonomous sewage device in a private house for waste disposal consists of the following elements:

Sewage and fecal waste storage

Tanks for purification and processing.

But of particular interest are stations for deep biological wastewater treatment, which include aerotanks and methanetanks.

Aerotank is a reinforced concrete structure open type. Waste water, which contains organic pollutants, is passed through the aerotank, air and recirculated sludge are supplied in an active state. In a flow-type aeration tank, water circulates continuously. During aeration, the liquid can be in the tank for up to several days.

What is deep biological wastewater treatment

The technology of wastewater treatment using deep biological treatment plants can be confidently attributed to complex processes in which microorganisms are involved. Technologically necessary:

Create conditions conducive to the formation of enzymes

Create conditions for aeration, oxidation and decomposition of substances

In the process of the created conditions for the life support of the biopurification cycle, the breakdown of products will be carried out

Perform technological discharge of cleaning products into a reservoir or onto a relief.

To date, there are many models of stations for deep biological wastewater treatment. Recall that ready-made stations from the manufacturer are designed for the disposal of sewage, but not for their storage.

The most popular autonomous sewers are:

Poplar - Eco

and this list is updated annually with new models.

Autonomous sewerage, what could be easier! This video will tell you about it.

Stations for deep biological wastewater treatment have an impressive cost, however, performance characteristics provide a good degree of wastewater treatment. In addition, the advanced sewage treatment technology makes it possible to reuse the treated waste water for irrigation. How to install an autonomous sewer for a house with your own hands?

Installing an autonomous sewer yourself

Of course, it is preferable to entrust the installation of autonomous sewage to specialists. If you intend to install it yourself, then you first need to consult with specialists who will help in choosing a place for digging a pit for installation. It does not hurt to draw up a plan and installation scheme.

selection of installation model for autonomous sewage

When selecting a plant model, the following initial data are required:

Number of consumers and users of sewerage

Location of groundwater and its water pressure level

Geological composition of soil and soil

Working volume of the receiving chamber

Depth of insertion of the outlet pipe

Estimated place of volley discharge of sewage.

Based on the collected data, the selection, purchase and delivery of an autonomous sewage installation is carried out.

Helpful information

In the model of treatment facilities, the manufacturer indicates the depth of the tie-in of the sewer pipe into the system. This is a height of 1.05 - 1.45 mm from the soil level to the lower edge of the supply pipe.

what you have to do with your own hands for installation and installation

Installation activities for an autonomous wastewater treatment plant consist of the following steps:

earthworks for excavation

Installation of the station structure into the pit (without concreting)

Insulation of the top and side parts of the station

Sand station design drainage

Gaskets for inlet and outlet pipes (inlet sewer pipe Ø110 mm with insulation and outlet pipe Ø110mm type DGT-PND)

Laying of an electric cable VVG 4x1.5 in a protective tube PNDØ25

Installation of a conical filtration well Ø0.6m. at the top, Ø1m. at the bottom, up to 2 m high.

Compressor connections

Polymer-sand manhole installations

Soil backfill.

If at the sight of this list of ongoing events your enthusiasm has not faded, then it's time to watch the proposed video.

How to independently install a wastewater treatment plant will help you video.

svouimirukami.ru

The device of the biological sewerage treatment station for the house

comfortable stay at home.

The principle of operation of the biological treatment plant

Installation of a station for deep biological wastewater treatment

System advantages:

Disadvantages:

Comparative table of wastewater treatment methods

Septic tank device

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Installing a septic tank is more difficult.

Using a septic tank to give

compressor;

first a pit is made;
the station is immersed in the pit;

Mounting Features

Installation of a biological treatment station

Biological sewerage for a country house is a modern environmentally friendly option for wastewater treatment.

abvseptik.ru

Overview of biological treatment stations for summer cottages

Out-of-town sewerage is a convenient and modern solution, therefore, in dachas and in private villages, local purification systems are increasingly being installed. Such systems are able to provide high-quality and efficient wastewater treatment through the decomposition of organic substances contained in them. Thus, problems regarding the disposal of these compounds are solved.

If a biological treatment station is installed for a summer residence, then you can forever forget about the issue of waste disposal and removal of sewers.

The installation of an autonomous sewage system in your home does not require much effort, while the result of the work justifies the costs. As a result, an ordinary summer cottage turns into a comfortable suburban housing designed for year-round use.

On the one hand, the owner of a country house must himself monitor the operation of the autonomous sewage system, ensuring its serviceability. On the other hand, if you purify wastewater and do sewage in the country with your own hands from a barrel, then you can be calm that everything is in order.

One of the main advantages of such systems is the independence from the general sewer system, which often fails. It is also worth noting that the price of such a solution is quite acceptable.

There are many important advantages of installing an autonomous sewer system:

eliminates the risk of pollution and poisoning of the land on the site;
the environment is not polluted, namely groundwater and reservoirs;
comfortable stay at home.

Features of biological wastewater treatment

As a rule, biological treatment occurs with the participation of bacteria, which are divided into two groups:

due to aerobes, ammonia is converted into nitrates and nitrites;
due to anaerobes, nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide are released in gaseous form.

Biological treatment is the most convenient and safe way to clean domestic water in the sewer system. There is different kinds stations, the work of which is based on the vital activity of aerobic bacteria, the question of how to make a toilet in a country house with sewage can be solved quickly and easily. Thus, organic compounds in wastewater decompose into simple components.

It should be noted that the biological method of wastewater treatment is considered the most versatile, since a local sewerage system can be installed in any suburban area. There is also no need to connect to a centralized sewer system.

You can install such systems for a country house of a country type, a cafe, a hotel, a restaurant and other establishments. Due to the biological treatment of wastewater, the destruction of organic impurities is ensured, so the water becomes clean and transparent. The advantages also include the absence of a problem with the disposal of water and a decrease in the risk of its re-contamination.

Autonomous sewer systems are used to effectively treat domestic wastewater. This is perhaps the most successful solution to such problems of a country house.

Biological stations are able to qualitatively purify wastewater without accumulation, which occurs in the case of using conventional septic tanks. If such a station is installed in the house, then there is no need to call a sewage truck.

Autonomous sewage system has a compact size and can be installed on any soil.

Deep biological treatment plant or septic tank?

The station consists of 4 sections, in which there is a stage-by-stage purification of wastewater due to activated sludge and oxygen. In this case, purification is carried out up to 98%. The resulting water can be fully used for irrigation or for technical needs.

Such a biological treatment plant is compact and easy to install, which is an indisputable plus for independent work. In addition, no further pumping of settling effluents is required. Despite this, the station needs regular maintenance, which consists in washing the sections with a washer high pressure besides this, the unit will need to be restarted. You can do this yourself or contact the service department. An important condition is the careful handling of the station during its operation.

It is advisable to use such treatment facilities at facilities where permanent residence is planned.

System advantages:

Compact dimensions - the deep biological treatment station does not take up much free space.
Easy installation - this is especially important for independent work.
Pumping out is not necessary if maintenance is performed in a timely manner.
There is no need to install a post-treatment system.

Disadvantages:

The station is volatile, so it does not work without electricity.
Regular maintenance required.
To wash the unit, you need to use special detergents which can be bought at the store.
If no one lives in the house in winter, equipment conservation and its subsequent launch will be required.

Septic tank device

The device is a polyethylene container, consisting of three sections, directly in which wastewater is purified up to 90%. Such septic tanks should not be confused with simple storage tanks. This device performs wastewater treatment by directing water into special systems for final purification. Such water can be used as a technical liquid, for irrigation of the soil or for the construction of drinking sources.

If the water from the septic tank is not further purified, then unpleasant consequences can be observed. There is sediment left in the device, which must be pumped out, about once a year. From a certain point of view, septic tanks are considered cheaper than biological treatment plants, but do not forget about the need to use a post-treatment system. Installation of such a unit is relatively more difficult, since anchoring is required. Despite this, this system can be used for country houses, where it is not provided year-round living.

Advantages:

It does not require electricity to work.
Do not buy and use special detergents.
The device can be used both in the country and for the house where people live permanently.
Maintenance is not required, the filtration composition in the post-treatment system needs to be changed once every 15 years.
Affordable cost, even if you take into account the purchase of a post-treatment system.

Disadvantages:

The need for post-treatment systems.
Installing a septic tank is more difficult.
Periodic pumping required.
Such a septic tank in the country with your own hands from the rings can be installed for any house or cottage.

The principle of operation of biological treatment plants

Stations where sewage biotreatment is carried out are called SBR reactors. Intermittent aeration of activated sludge colonies takes place in them. As a result of such actions, ammonium is converted to nitrogen, while phosphate-accumulating bacteria contribute to the removal of phosphorus from wastewater.

Inside the case, made of foamed polypropylene, the stations are located:

automatic control unit;
compressor;
4 chambers, namely the receiving chamber, the aerotank, the activated sludge stabilization chamber and the secondary clarifier.

Wastewater treatment steps at aeration stations:

There is a separation of wastewater into fractions in the receiving chamber.
The wastewater is then saturated with oxygen. Effluent is pumped through the operation of airlift pumps, in other words, air bubbles act on the water, while the biomass is not damaged.
When biomass enters the aeration tank, they turn into suspended activated sludge, on the flakes of which the main purification is carried out.
After that, the spent sludge enters the chamber, where the activated sludge is stabilized.
In the secondary clarifier, the treated effluents are released from particles that are in suspension.
When the wastewater treatment process is completed, the wastewater is discharged into a reservoir or simply onto the terrain of the site.
After going through all the processes, the sludge becomes safe and can be used as a biofuel or a good fertilizer for plants in the country.

Installation process of biological treatment plants

The advantages of installing equipment include the absence of the need to use special equipment. So, you should follow a certain sequence:

first a pit is made;
if there is a high level of groundwater, then it will be necessary to form a loading plate. In the case of non-watered soils, the station will have to be installed on a compacted site;
the station is immersed in the pit;
the pit is covered in layers with sand and compacted;
inlet and outlet sewer pipes are mounted;
bring the electric cable;
the site is being planned, while only the hatch will be visible on the surface.

Mounting Features

During the installation of a biological station, it is required to take into account the following features:

the bioreactor should be mounted at a short distance from the house, while the station is completely or partially submerged underground;
concrete rings are not used for installation, therefore, construction costs are significantly reduced;
the station is usually installed on a concrete slab;
the edge of the bioreactor is sprinkled with sand and then earth;
if the equipment is of low power, then the timer and compressor will be located near the reactor in the technological well. If necessary, the control unit can be installed on the outside of the bioreactor;
with the help of special casings protect air ducts and cables;
if it is not possible to organize the flow of water into the equipment by gravity, then it is necessary to install a pumping station.

Only specialists should pump out excess sludge, check airlifts, compressor and aerator membranes, as well as change faulty parts and clean the walls of the bioreactor. Such processes are required to be carried out at least 1-2 times a year.

The degree and quality of wastewater treatment depends on the facilities and methods used. One of the effective ones is biological. For this, a special station is being installed in the country house. She cleans up all waste sewage water. Details and reviews - below.

Station for biological treatment: description, principle of operation

Most often, the issue related to the disposal of polluted water and waste is of concern to residents of the private sector, summer residents, owners country cottages, recreation centers, campsites. After all, where, if not far from cities with an established sewerage system, you have to think about where to put it and how to filter the drains. This is where biological wastewater treatment plants come to the rescue. Working from the mains, they clean sewage waste and take it to any place equipped for this: a ditch, filtration fields, etc.

Connecting the biological treatment plant to the sewerage of the house

The principle of operation of the station is based on the vital activity of microorganisms that are initially found in wastewater. They have the ability to reproduce in special devices in the presence of favorable conditions. Bacteria need air to work, which is specially pumped into the cleaning system for this. Under its action, microorganisms decompose sewage waste, resulting in the formation of brown flakes - activated sludge. It is considered a good fertilizer, so use the station on suburban area very appropriate.

Advice. It is not necessary to introduce additional bacteria into the biological treatment plant. Useless here will be special "sourdough", which is used to process cesspools, dry closets. Be aware that the composition of the microorganisms contained in such preparations and in wastewater differ from each other.

Facilities and methods for biological wastewater treatment

According to the types of microorganisms that are involved in wastewater treatment, there are 2 methods:

Aerobic bacteria that require oxygen to function. With this method of purification, biofilters and aerotanks are used, which are more efficient. It is as a result of their use that activated sludge is formed, which fertilizes vegetable gardens.
With the help of anaerobic microbes that live without oxygen. They start the fermentation process and turn organic waste into methane and carbon dioxide. To do this, metatenki are used. The anaerobic method requires less investment, because. additionally, aeration (air saturation) does not occur.

Attention! For maximum efficiency, experts recommend using installations that involve both types of microorganisms.

Methods for the purification of polluted waters using aerobic microorganisms are divided according to the type of tank where waste waste is oxidized:

biopond;
filter field;
biofilter.

Aerotank station

The use of the first two structures has the following features:

seasonality - they work only during the warm season;
relatively low performance;
the need to use large tracts of land.

Stages of biological treatment. Station installation

The biostation is a container, which is divided into several compartments. In the first of them, mechanical purification of water from municipal solid waste and sediment accumulation takes place. It needs to be removed periodically. Further, depending on the design features, the already slightly purified water is poured either into the secondary sump (metatenk or anaerobic chamber) or into the biotreatment compartment. In it, the further process occurs with the help of a biofilter or aeration tank.

Attention! The degree of water purification in the aeration tank is better than in a device with a biofilter. In addition, such a station does not require additional insulation. But the biofilter is more convenient to use, in particular, it is autonomous in terms of electricity.

The station fits into the design of almost any dacha, because it can:

install underground;
deepen by half (if groundwater passes close to the surface)
put on the land (relevant for devices that do not work all year round but only during warm weather).

Station installation diagram

It is better to trust the assembly of the station to professionals, since the cost of an error during installation can be very significant. For example, a well-installed structure is not a source of an unpleasant odor, since it is absolutely hermetic. In addition, due to improper installation, expensive parts gradually fail.

Pros and cons of a biological treatment plant. Owner reviews

Station benefits:

high environmental friendliness;
ease of use;
durability, since there are no metal parts;
versatility - suitable for any soil;
compactness;
high performance;
the need for maintenance is rare.

Disadvantages of biological treatment devices:

the high price of the system itself, as well as expensive service costs;
restrictions on use - it is not recommended to drain substances containing chlorine;
the need to constantly use the station, since microorganisms die during long breaks.

True, the last drawback loses its relevance if you choose a device, for example, with an activated sludge auto-oxidation system.

Owner reviews indicate that with proper installation and operation of the station, there are no problems: filters do not clog, the seam on the body does not diverge, and parts do not break. In addition, you should take into account the following observations of those who managed to test the devices in their area:

It is very important to properly install

Despite the lack of recommendations from manufacturers, it is better to insulate some biological stations.
Waste of some vegetables, for example, mushrooms or tomatoes, is better not to be dumped into the sewer: they are not recycled.
Bath or shower drains, as well as sinks, should be equipped with special nets that trap hair, otherwise the filters will quickly become clogged.
Drainage from washing machine and dishwashers must be arranged separately, since aggressive detergents can destroy microorganisms.

Advice. The highest efficiency - the degree of purification up to 98% - is provided by a three- or four-stage processing system. This indicator is typical only for stations. More simple devices, with filters, have an indicator of 65%. Keep this in mind when deciding to equip the bio-sewerage on the site.

Biological treatment station: video

Biological treatment station: photo

To make life in the country comfortable, it is necessary to carry out the main communications - plumbing and sewerage. In suburban areas, there is often no centralized sewerage network, so each owner of the house solves the problem on his own. Periodic use of the dwelling does not require the installation of expensive and complex equipment, it is enough to arrange a septic tank.

Often in summer cottages, the function of collecting wastewater is performed by a cesspool. If the house is not equipped plumbing system this option justifies itself, but when installing plumbing fixtures and large volume drained water, it is not enough. In this article we will talk about how to make a sewer in the country with your own hands. different ways(from concrete rings, barrels, without pumping out), as well as demonstrate diagrams, drawings, photo and video instructions.

Sewerage should be built according to the developed project, including schemes for external and internal piping.

Two-chamber septic tank

The most convenient is the installation of a collector of two chambers connected by an overflow pipe. Let's find out how to arrange it yourself.

Work begins with digging a pit in a place chosen taking into account all sanitary requirements. The volume of the structure depends on the number of people living in the country. You can dig a pit manually or with an excavator.
At the bottom of the pit, a sand cushion up to 15 cm high is formed. The depth of the pit is 3 meters.
It is necessary to install formwork from boards or chipboard. The design must be reliable. Next, a reinforcing belt is formed from metal rods tied with steel wire.
It is necessary to make two holes in the formwork and insert pipe trimmings. These will be places for the entrance of the sewer line and the overflow pipe between the sections.
The formwork is poured with concrete, which is distributed throughout the entire volume with the help of a vibrating tool. The design of the septic tank must be monolithic, so it is advisable to fill the entire formwork at a time.
In the first compartment, the bottom is poured with concrete, a sealed section is formed, it will serve as a sump. Here, the wastewater will be divided into solid coarse fractions that sink to the bottom, and clarified water that overflows into the adjacent section. For better decomposition solid residues can be acquired by aerobic bacteria.
The second compartment is made without a bottom; it can be made not only from monolithic walls, but also using concrete rings with a diameter of 1–1.5 meters, stacked on top of each other. The bottom of the well is covered with a thick layer of sedimentary rock (crushed stone, pebbles, gravel) to filter wastewater.
An overflow pipe is laid between the two sections. It is installed at an inclination of 30 mm per linear meter. In height, the pipe is located in the upper third of the wells. The number of sections is not necessarily limited to two; a four-section septic tank can be made to provide better cleaning.
The overlap of the septic tank is made independently, using formwork and concrete, or ready-made reinforced concrete slabs. Be sure to arrange a hatch that allows you to control the filling of sections and exhaust. The pit is filled with sand and selected soil. The sump of such a system will be cleaned every 2-3 years.

Due to the ease of installation, many summer residents prefer to make a septic tank from concrete rings.

If the soil in the area is clayey or groundwater is very close to the surface, it will not work to arrange a septic tank of this design. You can stop at a sealed container of sufficient volume, securely installed and secured to concrete slab in the pit.

Another option is a biological treatment plant. Local stations are convenient and efficient, they are indispensable for suburban buildings of a large area. Specialists are engaged in the installation and launch of the device, the cost of such a station is acceptable for a narrow circle of summer residents.

External line laying

From the exit of the sewer pipe from the house to the septic tank, it is necessary to lay a pipeline. The main line must lie at a slope providing the flow of polluted water. The larger the diameter of the pipes you use, the smaller the angle of inclination required for their operation, on average it is 2 degrees. The depth of the trench for laying pipes should be greater than the amount of winter freezing of the soil. If the trench is shallow, provide thermal insulation for the line.

The average depth for laying sewers is 1 meter, in warm regions it is enough to go down by 70 cm, and in cold regions you will need to dig a pit up to 1.5 meters. The bottom of the dug hole is covered with a dense cushion of compacted sand. This procedure will protect the pipes from soil displacement.

The best option would be to lay a direct pipeline to the collector. If necessary, make a turn, this place is equipped with a manhole. For the highway, you can use plastic and cast iron pipes with a diameter of 110 mm, their connection must be tight. After installation, the pipeline is covered with sand, and then with soil.

The design, which does not require regular pumping of sewage, consists of several tanks operating simultaneously. It can be two / three-chamber septic tanks. The first tank is used as a sump. It is the largest in size. In two-chamber septic tanks, the sump occupies ¾ of the structure, and in three-chamber ½. Here, a preliminary treatment of wastewater takes place: heavy fractions settle, and light fractions are poured into the next compartment as the first one is filled. In the last part of the septic tank, the final post-treatment of wastewater takes place. The water is then directed to the filtration fields/drainage well.

The first 2 compartments must be sealed. The last chamber has holes in the walls/bottom. In this way, purified water seeps into the ground, which helps to avoid the systematic pumping of waste without causing irreparable harm soil.

It is worth considering that in wastewater, in addition to organic matter, there are also insoluble impurities. In view of this, such a design will also have to be periodically pumped out in order to get rid of the sediment that accumulates in the sump. This can be done with a fecal / drainage pump. The frequency of maintenance of a septic tank depends entirely on the size / volume / composition of wastewater.

For the independent construction of such a septic tank, you need to correctly calculate its volume. It depends on the water consumption of your household. The norm of water consumption per person is 200 liters per day. So, multiplying this amount by the number of households, you get daily allowance water consumption in the home. Add another 20% to the resulting figure.

18 m 3. In this case, you need a septic tank that has a depth and length of 3 m each, and a width of 2 m. Multiplying all sides, you get 18 m 3. Minimum distance from the bottom of the septic tank to drain pipe- 0.8 m.

The advantage of the treatment system is that the sludge is processed by anaerobic bacteria, as a result of which it settles to the bottom in a much smaller volume. Gradually, this sediment thickens and rises. When the sludge reaches the overflow level, the septic tank must be immediately cleaned. The septic tank needs to be cleaned infrequently. This is due to the fact that the volume of sludge for 6 months will be from 60 to 90 liters.

Volatile septic tanks have built-in pumping units. Their non-volatile analogues should be cleaned manually or using sewage equipment.

However, not so long ago, biological preparations with special enzymes appeared, processing sludge into acid, and then into methane and carbon dioxide. To remove these gases, you just need to install ventilation in the septic tank. Thus, your septic tank will become an absolutely waste-free, safe and energy-independent treatment plant.

Bacteria need to be "fed" with oxygen for greater efficiency of their work. Tanks for a septic tank can be bought or made independently.

Before installation finished construction septic tank, it is necessary to determine a suitable place for this. The minimum distance between the septic tank and the house is 5 m. The sewer pipes leaving the house should go directly to the septic tank. Turning the pipeline is best avoided, because it is in such places that blockages form.

The septic tank should not be installed near trees, as their roots can damage the integrity of the body. The depth of the septic tank and sewer pipes directly depends on the level of soil freezing.

If groundwater is close to the surface, then reinforce the bottom of the pit with a concrete slab / screed. The size of the pit will depend on the size of the septic tank. If you have to install a compact structure, then it is easier to dig a pit manually in order to save money.

The pit should be slightly wider than the septic tank body. The gaps between the walls and the ground should be at least 20 cm, and preferably more. If there is no need to strengthen the bottom, then you should still lay a sand cushion 15 cm thick (meaning the thickness of compacted sand).

The top of the septic tank should rise above the ground. Otherwise, melt water in the spring will flood the equipment of the device.

After installing the base of the pit, lower the septic tank into it. This can be done with the help of cables placed in the stiffeners of the septic tank. In this case, you can not do without an assistant. Next, connect the device to communications, after digging trenches for pipes, laying a sand cushion and installing pipes. They should be laid under a slight slope - 1-2 cm per linear meter. Pipe laying is carried out to a depth of approximately 70–80 cm.

The septic tank should be installed strictly according to the level. It will work better in a horizontal position.

To connect the sewer pipe to the septic tank, a hole of the appropriate diameter should be made in it. This is done according to the instructions for the cleaning system. After that, you need to weld the pipe to the hole. To solve this problem, you will need a polypropylene cord and building hair dryer. When the pipe has cooled down, it will be possible to insert a sewer pipe into it.

If you are connecting a volatile septic tank, then after these steps you need to connect the electrical cable. It is carried out from the shield to a separate machine. It must be placed in a special corrugated pipe and placed in the same trench as the sewer pipe. The septic tank has special holes with stamps. Connect a cable to them.

If the level of soil freezing in your area is large enough, then insulate the septic tank. Any heater can be thermal insulation material which can be used for laying in the ground.

After completing the connection of electricity and pipes, the septic tank should be covered with soil. This is done in layers of 15–20 cm. To equalize the pressure in the process of backfilling the soil, water must be poured into the septic tank. In this case, the water level should be slightly higher than the backfill level of the pit. So, gradually the entire septic tank will be underground.

If you are not satisfied with a ready-made plastic autonomous sewage treatment system, due to its size or cost, then you can make a septic tank from several compartments yourself. An excellent inexpensive material for the implementation of the plan is concrete rings. You can do all the work yourself.

Among the advantages of a septic tank from reinforced concrete rings, we note the following:

Affordable price.
Unpretentiousness during operation.
The ability to perform work without the help of specialists.

Of the shortcomings, the following deserve attention:

The presence of an unpleasant odor. It is impossible to make the structure absolutely airtight, and therefore the formation of an unpleasant odor near the septic tank cannot be avoided.
The need to clean the chambers from solid waste using sewage equipment.

It is possible to reduce the frequency of the need to pump out a septic tank if bioactivators are used. They reduce the amount of solid fractions due to the fact that they accelerate the process of their decomposition.

If the installation of the rings is illiterate, then the septic tank will be leaky, which will increase the risk of untreated sewage penetrating into the ground. But, with proper installation, the septic tank will be airtight, so this drawback of the system is rightfully called conditional.

The scheme for the construction of a septic tank, as a rule, includes 1-2 chambers designed for settling and treating wastewater and a filtration field / filter well.

If few people live in your house and a minimum of plumbing devices are connected to the sewer, then you can easily get by with a septic tank, consisting of one sump and a filter well. And vice versa, if you have many households and many devices connected to the sewer, then it is better to make a septic tank from two chambers and a filtration well.

How to calculate the required volume for a septic tank has already been described above. According to building codes, the septic tank chamber must contain a three-day volume of wastewater. The volume of the reinforced concrete ring is 0.62 m3, which means that in order to build a septic tank for 5 people, you will need a sump of five rings. Where did this amount come from? For 5 people, you need a septic tank with a volume of 3 m 3. This figure must be divided by the volume of the ring, equal to 0.62 m 3. You will get a value of 4.83. It needs to be rounded up, which means that in order to equip a septic tank in this particular case, you will need 5 rings.

The pit must be of such a size that it can accommodate the septic tank chambers and the filter well. These works, of course, can be done manually, but it is long and very difficult, so it is more cost-effective to order digging a pit from a company with earthmoving equipment.

The bottom of the pit at the installation site of the sedimentation chambers must be concreted in order to avoid the possibility of penetration of untreated effluents into the ground. Before starting concrete work, it is necessary to drain a part of the bottom of the pit for the installation of sedimentation tanks, laying a sand cushion on it, with a layer of 30–50 cm.

If you do not want to concrete the bottom, then you can purchase reinforced concrete rings with a blank bottom. They will need to be installed first in a vertical row.

The place for the filter well also requires the preparation of the base. Under it, you need to make a pillow of sand, crushed stone and gravel with a thickness of at least 50 cm.

To install the rings, you will have to order the services of lifting equipment. It is very difficult to perform these tasks manually. You can, of course, install the rings by digging under the bottom ring. But this method is labor intensive. Yes, and the bottom will have to be filled after the installation of the last ring, which will entail a number of inconveniences. In view of this, it is better not to save on ordering lifting equipment.

Typically, the rings are fastened together with a solution, but for greater structural reliability, they can be fastened metal plates or staples. In this case, your septic tank will not suffer due to ground movement.

Now it's time to organize an overflow, and for this you need to bring pipes to the rings. It is better that they work on the principle of a water seal, that is, they must be installed with a bend.

To seal the joints, you need to use a solution with an aqua barrier. From the outside, the tanks must be treated with coating or built-up waterproofing.

Another option is to purchase plastic cylinders installed inside the well. In this case, the likelihood of dirty water ingress will be minimized.

Installation of ceilings / backfill

Finished wells must be covered with special concrete slabs, in which holes are provided for mounting sewer manholes. Ideally, the backfilling of the excavation should be carried out with soil with a high percentage of sand in its composition. But if it is impossible to realize this, the pit can be covered with soil removed from it before.

Now the septic tank can be put into operation.

The wastewater treatment system from barrels, as well as a similar design made of concrete goods, can be two- or three-chamber. Wastewater will flow into it by gravity, so it must be installed below the sewer pipes. The principle of operation of this device is similar to the construction of reinforced concrete rings.

For the arrangement of an autonomous sewage system according to the principle of a treatment system, you can use any containers. These can be old metal/plastic barrels. The main thing is that they are airtight.

If you decide to make a septic tank from metal barrels, then they should be pre-treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

Plastic containers have several advantages over their metal counterparts:

A wide range of plastic containers that can be used to equip a septic tank.
Barrels are highly resistant to the aggressive effects of effluents. Therefore, they last longer than their metal counterparts.
The light weight of the containers simplifies their installation at the place of permanent deployment.
Plastic does not need to be further processed, unlike metal.
The high tightness of the barrels eliminates the possibility of penetration dirty waters into the ground.

Plastic barrels must be securely fixed when installed in the ground, because due to spring floods or winter frosts, they can be squeezed out of the ground. In view of this, plastic barrels are fastened with cables to a concrete base (it must first be poured or a reinforced concrete slab installed). In order not to crush plastic barrels, backfilling should be carried out very carefully.

For seasonal use, sewage from metal barrels is also suitable, but for stationary use this is not an option.

The popularity of metal containers for arranging sewerage is associated with their compactness and ease of installation. As a cover, you can use a wooden blank of the appropriate size or the one provided by the manufacturer. To install a metal septic tank, you need to dig an appropriate pit, which also needs to be concreted - walls and bottom.

Metal containers do not have a long service life even after they have been treated with anti-corrosion compounds. Therefore, their installation as a septic tank may be unprofitable. Buying stainless steel containers is not an option, as these products are very expensive.

Maybe you decide that in this case you can buy barrels with thin walls. However, this is also not the best solution, since during operation such a septic tank can be pushed out. Yes, and such barrels have a limited capacity - up to 250 liters, which is not suitable for a large family.

For the installation of a reliable wastewater treatment system, it is better to use factory polymer barrels.

To make a septic tank from 220 l barrels, you will need the following materials:

geotextile - 80 m 2;
sewerage pipe Ø110 m, length 5 m;
crushed stone fraction 1.8–3.5 cm, approximately 9 m 3;
corner for sewerage at an angle of 45 and 90º - 4 pcs.;
plastic barrel with a volume of 220 l - 2 pcs.;
coupling, flange - 2 pcs.;
wooden peg - 10 pcs.;
Y-shaped sewer tee- 4 things.;
building level;
drainage perforated pipe in the filter 5 m - 2 pcs.;
epoxy two-component sealant - 1 pc.;
glue for PVC - 1 pc.;
water tape - 1 pc.

Of the tools you will need:

Shovel.
Electric jigsaw.
Rake.

For a summer house / small country house, with economical use, standard plastic barrels are suitable. Installing such a cleaning system is easy. If you do not drain black drains into the sewer, then the septic tank will be unpretentious in maintenance. If the house has a toilet, then the sewer will have to be cleaned regularly, calling for sewage equipment.

For private houses with permanent residence, barrels will not be enough. For sewage, it is better to purchase plastic cubes / tanks / tanks. The process of their installation in the ground does not differ from the installation of barrels.

The distance of the septic tank from the house should not exceed 15 m. Too much distance will complicate the process of connecting the sewer to the house:

there is a need for a large deepening of the pipeline;
on the way to the septic tank, you will need to install a revision well.

The sewerage system from metal barrels does not require large financial investments and complex installation work. To begin with, as in previous cases, you need to prepare a pit, and then install 2 barrels, each of which has a volume of at least 200 liters. Then pipes are installed for overflowing liquid from one barrel to another and a transition to the filtration fields / drainage well.

Each subsequent container must be located below the previous one in level.

The joints must be sealed, and the barrels must be insulated with foam. After that, the pit with a septic tank is filled up. Since, as mentioned above, metal barrels are short-lived, you need to be prepared for the fact that after 3-4 years they will need to be replaced.

Pipe laying

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