The device of sewer wells snip. What wells does the sewer need? The main types of overflow wells

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The sewerage system is very ancient history, therefore, its design and technology of arrangement are brought to a very high quality state. This article will address the main issues related to the use of sewer wells in the sewer system.

The normative act regulating the requirements for sewer wells and the procedure for their installation is SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and structures”. The document displays all factors related to sewer wells, including their location, classification, dimensions and performance.

For arranging sewerage in a private area, it is imperative to use manholes, placing them on the pipeline section between the building and the receiver Wastewater. In addition, one of options disposal of wastewater after passing through the septic tank is a filtering sewer well.

Manholes must be installed not only in private households, but also on local sewer systems. The installation site should be located behind the so-called red building line, which is a conditional boundary that divides the target area into certain segments. The SNiP states that sewer wells must be installed every 35 meters if the pipeline diameter is up to 150 mm, or every 50 meters - with a pipeline with a cross section of 200 mm.

In addition, manholes are installed if the system contains:

twists and turns;
changes in pipe diameter or slope;
branches of the structure.

Requirements for the performance of reinforced concrete wells are displayed in GOST 2080-90, and for polymer wells - in GOST-R No. 0260760. Most plastic structures are also supplied with manufacturer's instructions, which set out the conditions for using the well.

Brick, concrete or reinforced concrete is used to make stone sewer wells, and rubble stone is used to create filter wells. Polymer wells can be made of PVC, polypropylene or polyethylene. In addition to structures made of one material, there are structures on the market made of compounds various resources.

According to SNiP, the dimensions of sewer wells vary as follows:

when using pipelines with a diameter of up to 150 mm - at least 700 mm;
up to 600 mm - 1000 mm;
up to 700 mm - 1250 mm;
from 800 to 1000 mm - 1500 mm;
from 1200 - 2000 mm;
from 1500 mm with a system laying depth of 3 m.

The volume of the structure is not indicated anywhere, but knowing the initial depth and diameter, you can calculate this indicator yourself.

The order of actions will look like this:

first, the place on the site where the well will be located is precisely determined;
then the selected area is cleared of any plants (bushes, trees, etc.);
if necessary, buildings located on the construction site are demolished or transferred;
it is very important to ensure unhindered access to the site.

Next, the preparation of the pit for the sewer well begins.

As a rule, a pit is created according to this principle:

first of all, a hole of the required dimensions is dug;
next, the bottom is cleaned;
it is mandatory to check for compliance with the depth of laying the structure and the angles of the slopes of the walls of the pit;
in the case of stone structures, a 20-cm waterproofing layer must be laid at the bottom of the pit, ramming it as tightly as possible.

The device of sewer wells made of concrete

When preparatory work finished, the process of mounting the well begins.

In the case of a concrete or reinforced concrete structure, the arrangement of the sewer well will look like this:

the foundation is first prepared, for which it is used monolithic slab or 100 mm concrete pad;
further, trays are installed in sewer wells that need to be reinforced metal mesh;
pipe ends are sealed with concrete and bitumen;
inner surface concrete rings must be insulated with bitumen;
when the tray hardens enough, it is possible to lay the rings of the well itself into it and mount the floor slab, for which cement mortar is used;
all seams between structural elements must be treated with a solution;
after grouting with concrete, it is necessary to provide the seams with good waterproofing;
tray being processed cement plaster;
at the pipe connection points, a clay lock is equipped, which should be 300 mm wider than the outer diameter of the pipeline and 600 mm higher;
one of final steps- checking the design for operability, for which the entire system is completely filled with water. If no leaks appear after a day, then the system is functioning normally;
then the walls of the well are filled up, and all this is compacted;
a blind area of 1.5 meters wide is installed around the well;
all visible seams are treated with bitumen.

The device of a sewer well made of concrete rings, described above, is no different from the arrangement of a brick structure, with the only difference being that in the latter, concreting is replaced by brickwork. The rest of the workflow will look the same.

In addition to the tray, one or more conditions may be required to equip the overflow well:

riser installation;
water tower installation;
arrangement of a water-breaking element;
creation of a practical profile;
pit arrangement.

The basic principle of installing wells does not change, with the exception of minor differences. In particular, before installing a drop well, it is necessary to lay a metal plate under its base, which prevents concrete deformation.

Thus, the composition of the differential well includes:

riser;
water pillow;
metal plate at the base;
intake funnel.

The funnel is used to neutralize the resulting high speed displacement of rarefaction effluents. The use of practical profiles is quite rare, since it is justified only on pipes with a diameter of more than 600 mm and with a drop height of more than 3 m. As a rule, such pipelines are not used in private households, and overflow wells are a rare occurrence, but other types of sewer wells are in demand.

According to regulations, the device of a well for sewerage is justified in such situations:

if the pipeline needs to be laid at a shallower depth;
if the main highway crosses other communication networks located underground;
if necessary, adjust the speed of movement of effluents;
in the last flooded well, immediately before the discharge of wastewater into the water intake.

In addition to the reasons described in SNiP, there are others that necessitate the installation of an overflow sewer well on the site:

in the presence of big difference heights between optimal depth laying sewerage on the site and the level of the wastewater discharge point into the receiver (this option is often justified, since laying the pipeline at a shallower depth allows you to perform less work);
in the presence of engineering networks located in the underground space and crossing the sewer system;
if there is a need to control the rate of movement of wastewater in the system. Too high speed has a bad effect on the self-cleaning of the system from deposits on the walls, as well as too low speed - in this case, deposits will accumulate too quickly, and the use of fast current is required to eliminate them. Its meaning is to increase the fluid flow rate in a small section of the pipeline.

Connecting the pipeline to the wells

Pipes are connected to the well, depending on what soils are on the site. In the case of dry soils, the connection is made using cement and an asbestos-cement mixture. To install pipes to wells on wet soils, a resin strand and a waterproofing layer must be added to these materials. These methods are only suitable for arranging the system on non-subsidence soils.

If the soil on the territory can move, then the pipes must be connected movably, for which each of them is wrapped with a plastic waterproofing packing. If necessary, a metal sleeve can be used to arrange the packing in its internal space.

Plastic wells for sewerage

Recently, plastic structures are increasingly replacing stone wells from their positions. Plastic sewer wells are much more convenient: they are easier to install, they do not require a large amount of preparatory work, and their performance characteristics are sufficient level(more details: ""). There is an opinion that their strength qualities leave much to be desired, but in practice this statement has not been confirmed, because wells are usually not subjected to too high loads.

Another advantage of plastic wells is the possibility of reducing the dimensions of the viewing window. For example, to replace a concrete well with a meter diameter, it will be enough to install a plastic 30 cm analogue, which is also much easier to maintain. Installing plastic sewer rings is easy and simple.

The installation of plastic structures is also simplified due to their low weight and versatility: the device of plastic sewer wells provides for inlets and outlets for pipes, which cannot be said about concrete structures in which the connectors have to be made independently. All these advantages indicate that it would be much more reasonable for private households to use plastic wells.

Conclusion

There are different designs of sewer wells, and the choice of a suitable device depends on the wishes of the owner of the site. This article answers the question of how a sewer well is arranged, and helps to choose the best option.

The technology for arranging sewer wells has been worked out to the smallest detail and documented. Building codes prescribe the main series of codes that the work being carried out must comply with. In particular, SNiP has the number 2.04.03-85 and is called “Sewerage. External networks and structures”. The document regulates the placement different types structures, dimensions and requirements for erected structures.

Regardless of the purpose, private or public use, the installation of sewer wells must be carried out according to the rules and requirements. For example, a viewing object must be placed in front of the entrance of the local sewerage system to the centralized collector, outside the red building line.

It is especially important to know that, according to SNiP, sewer manholes with pipelines up to 150 mm in size are arranged every 35 m, at 200 - after 50 m of straight-through pipeline sections. In addition, the installation of structures is indicated for:

Rotary changes in the water runoff system;
When changing the diameter of the pipeline or the presence of a slope;
At the entry points of additional branches.

Documents regulating the requirements: for reinforced concrete products- GOST 2080-90, for polymer structures - GOST-R No. 0260760. Manufacturers offer specifications for plastic structures, supplementing existing regulations.

Stone structures can be made from prefabricated, monolithic concrete, reinforced concrete mixtures, bricks. Filtering structures are made of rubble stone. For the manufacture of polymer structures, the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene of the desired density (PE) is permissible.

Important! Models can be made of combined material.

Dimensional rulers, work on the arrangement of wells

Sewer wells according to SNiP must have the following dimensions:

Pipelines up to 150 mm in diameter - at least 70 mm;
Diameter up to 600 mm - from 1000 mm;
Diameter size up to 700 mm - from 1250 mm;
Diameter 800-100 mm - from 1500 mm;
With a diameter of 1500 mm and above and a depth of 3 m and above are subject to individual consideration.

Volumes are not separately regulated, everything must be calculated from the depths and diameters specified on the diagrams. As for the work, the general cycle includes both preparatory actions, installation and completion.

Breakdown or marking of the territory, according to the rules of construction;
Cleaning the area from shrubs, vegetation;
Demolition/relocation of interfering structures. The impossibility of action is stipulated by special standards;
Preparation and arrangement of the entrance, the road to the construction site.

Arrangement and installation sewer facility typical preparatory work for SNiP:

An excerpt of a pit;
bottom cleaning;
Reconciliation with the project in terms of the level of laying, the angles of the slopes of the walls;
For stone structures, the arrangement of a waterproofing bottom layer, as shown by the diagram or plan (layer of at least 20 cm), subsequent tamping.

All preparatory work has been completed and the next stage is installation.

stone wells

The steps and actions are:

Preparation of the base involves laying a slab or arranging a pillow made of M-50 concrete with a thickness of 100 mm;
Arrangement of a concrete tray (M-100) reinforced with a steel mesh of the desired shape;
Seal with concrete and bitumen end openings of the pipeline;
Creation of an insulating layer of the internal cavity of the rings of the structure;
The rings are installed only after the tray has gained strength (2-3 days), then the floor slab is laid. The solution used for work - M-50;
Sealing joints with cement mixture;
Waterproofing with bitumen;
Mandatory plastering of the tray with cement, followed by ironing;
Installation of clay interlock connections at the entry point of a pipe/pipes with a width of at least 300 mm and a height of 600 mm greater than the diameter of the pipeline.

Subsequent test work pass during the day and include the complete filling of the structure with water with blocking of the pipeline by temporary plugs. If leaks are not detected, the well walls are backfilled, a blind area of 1.5 m in size is equipped, the joints are insulated with a hot bituminous mixture - work on SNiP has been completed, the system can be put into operation.

The installation schemes for brick structures practically repeat the concrete ones, but instead of combining the rings, a stone is laid out. Waterproofing works are completely identical. Thus, stone wells of any type of sewerage are installed: household, industrial, storm water or drainage. But each design has its own nuances:

The storm drain is equipped with lattice hatches that have a catchment function;
Drainage wells themselves are drainage systems, so installation does not require special calculations.

Differences in configuration are determined by the series:

KFK/KDK - household drains;
KLV / KLK - storm water;
KDV / KDN - drainage wells.

The size table gives a complete picture:

Drop wells

A more complex configuration determines the scope and requirements of SNiP for overflow wells. In addition to the tray device, it is necessary to make:

Installation of risers;
Have a water pumping equipment;
Install a water wall;
Create a practical profile;
Set up a pit.

Otherwise, with regard to the installation of the shaft, base, floors - the rules are the same as the previous ones.

Important! The exception is the riser differential well - installation in the base is required metal pipe, which will exclude the destruction of the concrete structure.

The schema looks like this:

Pipe-riser;
Pillow water-breaking;
Metal base (plate);
Funnel reception (stand-up).

The funnel is required for compensatory discharge processes that are formed in the riser due to the rapid movement of flows. DIY creation drop wells in private areas is not recommended, unless it is a pipeline with a diameter of 60 cm and a level difference of up to 3 m, but such pipes in individual systems practically not used, successfully replaced by other types of wells.

The requirements of SNiP for drop wells are simple, installation is recommended in the following cases:

It is necessary to significantly reduce the depth of the pipeline;
If there are intersections with other underground utilities;
Need to adjust the flow rate of wastewater;
In the case when the well is the last before the direct discharge of wastewater into the river, lake.

The same reasons can serve as a reasonable justification for installing a drop well on your own site.

Arrangement of pipeline inlets into the well

Depending on the conditions of a particular place and soil, the entrance parts to the well are performed in different ways. Installation on dry ground is easier, as it regulates only two types of materials: cement and asbestos-cement mixture. For wet ground installation requires resin strand and waterproofing materials. But both methods are designed only for soils without subsidence.

On moving soils, SNiP installed movable connections: winding pipes with flexible plastic insulating packing. If you deviate from the rules, then you can insert a metal sleeve into the hole of the hatch and arrange a packing from a waterproofing material already inside.

polymer wells

Being a fairly new alternative replacement for stone wells, plastic structures are successfully used to create structures, however, so far only in private households.

Installation is not regulated by SNiP, but only in accordance with specifications, therefore functional features installation is not required. An important difference between the simplest wells of intra-yard networks is simplicity, a large volume of water passage and the strength of the material. In addition to other advantages, polymer structures can reduce the size, for example, a concrete well of 1 m can be replaced with a plastic one with a diameter of only 30 cm. Despite the small volumes, maintenance will be even much easier than a stone well.

There are plenty of other benefits too:

Easy installation;
Low costs for digging pits, pits - smaller sizes do not require large excavations;
The outlets and tray design are clearly defined by the standards, are factory cast, and therefore there is no need for additional equipment or fabrication;
The materials for the manufacture of wells are indicated above, polymer structures are combined with any pipes made of plastic, cement, asbestos.

That is why it is worth once again paying attention to the choice before starting the installation of a sewer manhole. All installation schemes are simple, SNiP clearly indicates installation requirements, tray sizes, recommended volumes. But at the same time, the owner will be able to save on related work, the purchase of equipment and time costs.

Summer cottages, where it is not necessary to equip many wells, to build a tray for each, it is more practical to equip them with polymer structures. Modest in size, they do not lose their functionality and practicality.

The process of planning and building sewer systems is not difficult, but there are special rules and regulations SNiP, which impose certain requirements on installation and materials. There are also special public services who check the device of the sewer well according to SNiP, and in case of violations, they may impose a fine or require the system to be rebuilt.

Therefore, before you build a sewer well with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with their main types and installation rules.

Types of sewer wells

According to the functional purpose, the mines are conditionally divided into several main types:

viewing;
differential;
rotary;
accumulative;
filtration.

Each of these types performs a specific function.

manhole

A manhole (photo) is called a mine, which is located above the main outlet line. Such a mine makes it possible to carry out visual inspection system performance and, if necessary, flush it or mechanical cleaning during operation.

In most cases, such shafts are installed on straight sections of the drainage system after a certain distance, however, shafts installed at turns or intersections of communications can also be called observation shafts.

Inspection shafts can be of several types:

linear, are installed on straight segments;

rotary, installed in places where the direction of the highway changes. In order to avoid hydraulic resistance, the angle between the incoming and outgoing lines must be at least 90 degrees;

nodal, installed at the junction of several highways. Such chambers connect one outlet pipe with several incoming pipes, however, there can be no more than three incoming pipes;

control, installed at the connection points private system to the main one.

Note! The distance between the inspection shafts is set by the diameter of the pipe. For example, with a pipe diameter of 15 cm, the distance between the wells is set to no more than 35 meters. With a pipe diameter of 50 - 70 cm, the distance between the shafts is 75 meters.

drop well

The device of the differential sewer well is a simple design (see photo), which is installed in such cases:

with a decrease in the depth of the ditch under the bypass line;
when bypassing other underground pipes or communications;
to prevent high fluid flow.

According to the type of construction and functions, overflow wells are divided into several types:

a conventional shaft with a liquid supply at the top and a drain at the bottom;
differential with a baffle-drain wall to reduce the flow rate;
short channels with a large degree of inclination to increase the flow rate;
mine with multi-stage drops.

swivel well

Such shafts are installed in those sections of the highway where sharp turns of the channel are necessary, since it is in these places that clogging of the system most often occurs.

storage well

Accumulation shafts or wells (photo) are designed to collect and store the drainage liquid with its subsequent pumping out using a pump or special sewage machines.

For private houses, the device of sewerage wells of this type can be profitable solution, if the nearest central system is far away or does not exist at all. Such shafts, depending on the volume, can be made of reinforced concrete rings, monolithic concrete or large plastic containers.

With a small amount of wastewater, the installation of a plastic tank is most justified, since the price of such a tank is low and the installation process can be done by hand, without the involvement of equipment or professional construction teams.

filtration well

Filtration shafts or wells can be open or closed type. Both types of wells are designed to separate wastewater and separate large debris and heavy substances from the liquid.

Structures open type are shafts made of perforated concrete blocks, where liquid leaves through special holes into the ground, and heavy substances remain within the mine and are subsequently raked out by special equipment for disposal or disposal.

Wells of the closed type are sealed containers with technological outlets, which are located at different heights. As wastewater enters, floating particles are removed by the upper channels, sedimentary layers are removed by the lower ones.

Sewerage is an indispensable thing in urban life, used to drain wastewater, which, in the absence of it, would not have been where to go. It is present in every residential area.

What is a sewer well? - a question of interest to many. The structure of the sewer well is as follows:

Bottom - the lower part of the well, in direct contact with wastewater.
Shaft - a cavity equipped with a ladder inside a well 1.8 m long, used for various technical works.
The working chamber is the space in which all work with pipes is carried out.
Neck - top part well with a hole for the hatch.
The hatch is the closing component of the well, which makes it possible to avoid the entry of foreign objects into the well, including animals and people.

In a graphical expression, the design of the sewer well has the following form:

The designs of sewer wells are quite diverse, due to which they can be divided into the following types.

Variable

Overflow sewer wells are structures installed in places where it is necessary to reduce or increase the intensity of wastewater.

Installed in the following cases:

When there is a risk of changing the flow rate.
When crossing the sewer line.
When laying another pipeline.
In case of partial flooding of the water outlet.

Lookouts

Inspection sewer wells - wells used to monitor the state of the system as a whole, as well as to eliminate malfunctions that have arisen in it, have no analogues.

Installed in the following locations:

In the area of changing the slope and diameter of the pipe - it is most prone to breakage.
In the area of flow change.
In places where the main pipeline branches.
In places that seem to be reliable, but still require observation.

Swivel

They are mounted in those places where the pipeline is turned.

nodal

Mounted in case of branches from the main pipeline.

Direct-flow

Linear - designed directly for routine inspection and cleaning of networks.
Flushing - installed directly at the beginning of the network to flush it.
Control - installed in places of direct discharge of purified water into the sewer to monitor its quality indicators.

Features of calculating the dimensions of the sewer well and the depth of its installation

The first thing to do before building a well is to calculate its volume and determine the location. When making calculations, you should, first of all, take into account the number of bathrooms and people in this house. The volume of the well is directly dependent on the amount of water consumed. So, a family of four consumes water in the amount of 1000 liters per day.

According to existing standards, it is considered that a well for drains, with a bottom area of 1 sq. m. copes with a volume of water equal to one cubic meter. The working volume of the pit must have a margin that is equal to three times daily rate. Accordingly, the volume of the pit for a family of 4 people should be 3 square meters. m.

Knowing approximately the required volume of sewage, you can calculate its size. The average depth of a sewer well is 2.5 - 3 meters. Subtract the distance above drain pipe, which is equal to 70 cm and we get the working depth of the well, the maximum indicator of which is 2.3 meters. Next, by a simple mathematical operation of a geometric nature, we calculate its volume.

The volume of the sewer well is calculated using data such as:

The area of the bottom of the well.
Well height.

The most common are wells of round shape, this is due to their simplicity and ease of maintenance.

Bottom types

Round bottom - such wells are often called barrels.
Quadrangular bottom - made in the form of a square or rectangle.

The calculation of the area of a circle is carried out according to the following formula - S = πR2. Based on this, it turns out that the volume for a well with a working volume of a pit of 3 sq. m. will be equal to 3 m 3 \u003d 2.3 m * 3.14 * R2.

Having made some calculations, we find the value of R, it is equal to 0.65 m, and, accordingly, a pit with a depth of 3 meters should have a diameter of 1.3 meters. In the case of a rectangular or square well with a depth of 3m. its bottom area is 2.3 m.

The depth of the sewer well is calculated taking into account the additional depth, width and height, which will later be used for reinforcing walls that protect the well from a crumbling earthen ball. Installation of protective walls can be made of the following material:

Reinforced concrete rings.
Concrete.
Brick.

The bottom of the pit is covered with layers of sand and gravel, the thickness of which is at least 30-40 cm. brickwork, which is equal to 12 cm, the width of the pit should be increased by 25 cm, and the depth by 40 cm - a layer of rubble and sand. Calculations may be rounded to big side, rounding down is unacceptable. It should be remembered that the depth of the sewer well is one of the most important indicators, the calculations of which require special attention.

Features of the device and installation of sewer wells from concrete rings

Concrete rings are widely used among utility companies involved in the maintenance and laying of underground pipelines. They are also used for the construction of drainage systems and storm sewer, underground pipelines, collectors. They have no analogues.

Operational properties high level allow application in any climatic region. Due to the huge number of advantages, concrete sewer wells are in great demand.

Concrete rings for wells have a number of advantages, such as:

Low cost.
Fast installation work.
Ease in waterproofing works.
High structural strength.
Long service life.
Correct geometric shape.
Tight fit of the rings to each other, ease of elimination of the remaining gaps.

Disadvantages of concrete rings:

Low threshold for splitting resistance, increased brittleness and cracking.
The need for vehicles to move even a short distance.
Huge weight, requiring high costs for installation and delivery.

Reinforced concrete rings are a common material widely used in laying sewer systems. The construction of a sewer well using concrete rings requires the following steps:

Development of a scheme for further installation and calculation of the cost of work.
Pit preparation, which includes digging a hole according to predetermined sizes.
Having created a pit, they begin to work on the bottom of the well.
We carry out the installation of the main (first) ring, which sits on the concrete solution. After that, pipes are laid in holes previously made in the rings. The gaps remaining at the junction are tightly covered with a sealing agent.
Further, the installation of all other rings is carried out in such a way that the position of their locks coincides. The resulting cracks are covered with sealant.
On top of the resulting structure is laid concrete slab and hatch.

Features of the device and installation of brick sewer wells

The device of a sewer well made of brick requires a number of knowledge and skills. Knowledge is required to carry out work starting with the installation of the frame and other structures and ending with the internal and external design structures.

To build a brick well, only red is used - burnt brick or stone of natural origin. To connect the material to each other, a cement mortar is used, made from river sand. Also, for a brick well, such components are used as: brackets, anchors, round frames and fittings.

Installation of a brick sewer well has the following sequence:

Having previously calculated the volume of the well and its dimensions, we mark the pit. A small pit can be dug manually or with an excavator.
At the bottom of the resulting pit, we install formwork and fill it with a 20 cm layer of mortar prepared from sand, crushed stone and cement. Leave to harden for 1 week, periodically wetting with water.
After the mortar has hardened, we begin laying the walls on the cement mortar.
We plaster the obtained (finished) walls cement mortar. After it sets, we perform ironing - rubbing dry cement into wet plaster.
The bottom of the well is formed depending on its further purpose.
We carry out waterproofing of dried plaster. We take mastic or hot bitumen and cover the entire inner surface well.
We knock out a hole for the pipes. We insert the pipes, and seal the remaining gap with silicone.
We fill up the gap formed between the pit and the walls of the well, cover it. For the drain well, a ventilation installation is provided, which is carried out by mounting plastic pipe. A fungus is put on top of the pipe. The edges of the well are covered with soil in such a way that the base of the well is 10 cm above ground level.

Well plastering

The solution used for plastering should have the density of purchased sour cream. The solution is applied with movements directed from top to bottom. To obtain smooth walls, vertical and horizontal beacons are used. Available metal constructions also covered with a layer of plaster, which will protect them from corrosion. Next, they are engaged in the design of the head and cleaning the bottom, which is covered with a gravel-sand mixture.

Construction of a well natural stone carried out according to the same scheme, only it is much more complicated, due to the fact that the stones have unequal sizes and shapes, which require time to fit them and a greater consumption of the solution, which costs money.

In order to design and build any type of sewer system, it is necessary to assemble necessary set materials. To monitor the performance of the sewerage system, use special systems- wells. Their role is very large in the sewerage system, so it is through them that the system is cleaned.

This article will be considered, because most of them are made of different materials and come in all sizes.

Design and structure of sewer wells

As a rule, the structure of a sewer well has a typical structure:

Manhole cover (upper part of the well);
Neck;
Camera;
Mine;

Depending on the material and which the well is made of, there may be different sizes products. The shape of the underground chamber is determined from the type of underground communications.

The dimensions and type of the well are determined based on the requirements that are presented for the communications that will be connected to the well. As a rule, the height of the working chamber of the well is 180 centimeters.

The well shaft is made in the form of a round section. Most wells have a ladder so that you can comfortably descend into them. Be sure to cover each well with a lid. It is needed so that garbage, dirt does not fall into the well, and also so that someone does not fall into it.

Often on the news you can hear talk that an animal or a person has fallen into an uncovered well. That is why it is strictly forbidden to use a sewer well without a cover.

How to correctly calculate the size of the sewer well?

For pipes that have a diameter of up to 300 millimeters, round wells with a diameter of up to 1 meter are used. In this case, the working chamber of the well must have a diameter of at least 700 millimeters.

If the pipe diameter is more than 300 millimeters, then it is recommended to install concrete wells that have a bottom diameter of up to one meter. In this case, choose a rectangular shape of the bottom. With this design, it will be convenient to make holes for the pipeline.

Advice! When installing the well, it is necessary to ensure that the angle between it and the pipes is no more than 90 degrees. If wells with drops are being installed, then this figure can be changed. If pipes of different diameters are connected to the well, then they are connected along the pipes.

The main types of sewer wells

To date, there are such types of wells:

corner well
passing well
Rotary sewer well
control well
station well

The main tasks to be performed by the construction in further work, are determined based on the installation of the well.

The main and primary task for any sewer hatch is to monitor the entire operation of the sewer system.

With the help of sewer wells, you can perform tasks such as:

Reducing the distance in the adjacent system;
Elimination of the difference in the inlet and outlet pipe;
Cleaning the system;
Collection of dirt and waste that is collected in wells.

Sewer manholes

Currently, inspection sewer wells are divided into the following types:

Linear well - is installed in three sections of the entire sewer system. The main thing is that the system has direct direction.
Rotary well - installed in places where the direction of the system changes.
Nodal well - performed to connect several sewer systems.
Control well - designed to connect the yard, quarter and street sewer networks.

In order to install a linear well, you do not need to have certain skills. Installation is quick and easy. The length of the well depends on the diameter of the pipe.

Useful information ! The minimum length is 35 meters. In this case, pipes with a diameter of not more than 150 millimeters are used. The maximum length of the system is up to 300 meters. In this case, pipes with a diameter of more than 2000 millimeters are used.

A rotary well is a kind of point where maintenance of the well is carried out, taking into account the cleaning of the system high pressure water.

Rotary wells are installed at each bend of the rotary pipe. Why is it necessary to do so? The fact is that rotary wells provide better access and make it possible to service the supply pipe.

Drop wells are a separate item. Their main purpose is to level the level of the supply pipe.

Drop wells are performed in order to reduce the depth of the pipeline, which is laid in the ground. The drop well limits the maximum allowable flow rate.

The main types of overflow wells

Depending on what kind of design the overflow well has, the following varieties are distinguished:

Differences in which there is a drain of water of a practical profile. Downstream there is a water well;
Tubular drops. Such wells have different designs, but they are all united by a single element - vertical pipe;
Drops that have a fender and spillway wall;
Chess multi-stage drops. They have a different design. In design feature - each stage extinguishes the energy of the flow;
Quick wells. They have small channels with a large slope.

Basic sanitary requirements for the arrangement of differential sewer wells

Terms sanitary requirements when installing a sewer system using pipes with a diameter of not more than 600 millimeters, it is not necessary to install a drop well.

When a sewer system is being implemented, the height of which is up to 3 meters, it is necessary to install tubular drops.

Celebrated! At the beginning of the network, a well for washing is installed. It will serve to flush the network in those places where the flow is the weakest.

You can install a regular manhole, which will play the role of a flushing well. Sometimes they use special designs that are equipped with a water supply.

Need to know everything design features well, as well as its elements that are part of the well. The well must be marked. Do not neglect labeling.

Most often, prefabricated reinforced concrete structures are used, which are performed in accordance with GOST 8020-56. Round concrete wells have diameters: 700, 1000,1250 and 1500 millimeters. Accordingly, hatches are selected according to GOST 3634-91.

Materials for sewer wells

From modern manufacturers today you can get sewer wells, which are made of different materials.

Reinforced concrete, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, as well as fiberglass are used.

Produce rectangular and round wells. Most often, round wells are used for sewage.

Why is well waterproofing needed?

Despite the fact that there is always moisture in the well, it must have reliable waterproofing. First of all, you need to protect the well as much as possible from the ingress of external waste water into it.

To date, you can choose from several dozen waterproofing wells. If a reinforced concrete well is being made, then any material on the market can be bought as waterproofing. it special formulations. It is important to read the instructions for the use of waterproofing before starting work.

Little advice ! In order to isolate the seams of a concrete well, it is necessary to use a special mixture for this purpose.

Before applying the waterproofing layer, it is necessary to prepare the concrete structure. The loose surface is removed, with the help of a brush it is cleaned and dried. A metal brush is used. If there are places where water flows, a recess is made in the form of a "swallow's tail". 5 centimeters deep, it is laid with a mixture for waterproofing.

Special attention is paid to waterproofing at the joints. Professionals advise to additionally moisten the joints. Then after a while it is necessary to fill them with a special solution.

Only then proceed to apply waterproofing to the entire surface of the well. It is recommended to perform several layers of waterproofing at once. At least three layers are used. The first layer should dry for about a day. Apply one coat every day.

Advice! When the well is waterproofed for three days, it is necessary to eliminate the load on the well, and also to prevent influence on the well low temperatures. It is important to remember that all three days the surface must be slightly moistened. Usually a sprayer is used. You can simply cover the well with polyethylene. Moisture will not come out of the well and its concentration will increase.

It takes at least two weeks to complete internal waterproofing well.

As a result, we can say that, despite the variety of drop wells, they are also used for other purposes. For example, a well can be used to wash away sediment that collects in a system if the flow rate and power in the pipes is rather low.

From a practical point of view, it is worth noting that it is best to use wells that are made of lightweight materials. The fact is that a well made of concrete has a lot of weight. In turn, for its installation, a unit of lifting equipment will be required, as well as transport for delivery to the work site. In order to connect pipes to a concrete well, it is necessary to additionally make holes, which then must be well sealed.

Plastic and PVC wells do not have such disadvantages. You can easily install them yourself. To the site in Vacation home you can easily bring a well on the roof passenger car. No pipe holes required. They are already there. Their plastic wells come in absolutely any size and design, which clearly makes them more attractive against the background of concrete structures. The service life of a plastic well is long term, while the concrete product has a limited service life.

To date, in the construction hypermarket you can find several varieties of wells. The cost of a plastic well will be an order of magnitude higher than a concrete one, but the advantages of the former are obvious. If it is necessary to carry out a convenient and reliable sewerage system, then it is necessary to use the best building materials.

Most of the work on the arrangement of sewer wells can be done independently. Clear instructions and guidelines must be followed. So you can save a lot of money on calling the wizard. However, if you are not sure that you will be able to do everything yourself, you can always seek help from professional plumbers who will help you quickly and efficiently complete all the work. They have a certain experience of work and the necessary set of tools and equipment that will be involved in the performance of all work.

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