Business plan for opening a new enterprise. Choice of field of activity

A cozy cafe can become a favorite meeting place for many people. Despite the abundance of such establishments in megacities, not everyone finds their regular customers and many are forced to cease to exist. Obviously, their owners made serious mistakes at the planning stage. When developing a business plan for opening a cafe from scratch, it is important to consider all the nuances in as much detail as possible and think over several solutions for each controversial issue. Of course, a cafe does not require as many requirements as a restaurant, but being an institution Catering, must comply with sanitary standards. Experts recommend developing a project taking into account sanitary standards, and not try to fit a half-finished institution under them.

Drawing up a detailed business plan

You should start drawing up a business plan by looking for a non-standard format for an establishment, because a profitable cafe is not easy 3 tables and an ice cream counter. The cost of rent, the need to order designer services, furniture and equipment depend on the chosen concept. For example, if the cafeteria will be located in the building of an office center or educational institution, it must have a sufficient number of seats and wide selection snacks suitable for potential customers, but the design of such an institution can be discreet and even modest. And the opening of a thematic institution, for example, a cafe for book lovers, will require much more investments associated with the design of the premises.

Before opening roadside cafe from scratch, it will be necessary to carry out large-scale analytical work and identify a good location, a set of dishes and drinks that will be in demand among travelers who decide to visit a diner along the road.

In order to figure out how to open a children's cafe from scratch, you need to have information about current trends in children's world entertainment, as well as be aware of which superheroes are now held in high esteem in order to properly decorate the hall. In addition, to children's menu there are higher requirements, and the basic set of meals and drinks should be expanded, taking into account the fact that children are usually accompanied by adults. Before you open a family cafe from scratch, you should choose a room near places where families spend time in large quantities and make sure that lovers of strong drinks do not bother vacationers in the cafe. alcoholic beverages and noisy pastime.

Drawing up a detailed business plan is a mandatory step-by-step instruction on how to open a cafe from scratch. The business plan should include the following:

• Detailed descriptions of the format of the institution, its location, premises for a cafe, organizational structure, work schedule;
• Analysis of the market and nearest competitors;
• Marketing plan;
• Pricing policy of the institution;
• Equipment;
• Suppliers;
• Financial expenses;
• Profit calculation and risk assessment.

Where to start opening a cafe? - With a clear understanding of what exactly it will be. The basis of the business plan will be a detailed description of the very idea of ​​​​the institution, based on what will be selected: location, design of the premises and necessary equipment. The format of the institution will also determine the number of employees, requirements for them and the appropriate work schedule.

It is necessary to analyze the market in order to better understand modern tendencies and evaluate the competitiveness of the future cafe. Familiarization with the activities of the closest competitors will help make the institution unique and build the right pricing policy. The marketing plan is intended to promote the cafe everywhere and should be drawn up for the long term. The choice of equipment in the business plan is prescribed taking into account the format of the institution, but in the future some positions may be changed. It is also better to take care of product suppliers in advance, not forgetting to register fallback options in case of force majeure. Financial investments, expected profit and possible risks will give an opportunity to imagine what the institution will look like from a financial point of view even at the planning stage. Therefore, “Make a business plan” is the first point of a comprehensive answer to the question: “I want to open a cafe, what do I need for this?”.

Activity registration

Before starting the process of registering activities, it is necessary to determine legal form business. To open a mini cafe from scratch, it is more profitable to register as individual entrepreneur, but in this case, the sale of alcohol in the institution will be impossible. IP is suitable for small eateries, mini coffee houses located in educational institutions or office centers.

The legal form of an LLC is chosen if it is planned to open a cafe where alcoholic beverages will be sold.

Before registration:

• The authorized capital is paid;
• The legal address is organized;
• Signatures in the application for registration are certified by a notary;
• State duty is paid;
• A print is being made;
• Opening a bank account;
• The OKVED code is selected (56.10);
• A charter is being prepared;
• An application is filled out in the form P11001.

After registering an LLC, it is necessary to obtain permits for premises, a license to trade in a cafe, licenses for the sale of alcohol and tobacco products, and for employees - the results of passing a medical examination.

The list of permits for the premises includes the following items:

• Lease contract;
• SES permission;
• Conclusion of the fire safety authority;
• Garbage collection and sanitation contracts.

The implementation of the following points for opening a cafe should be started only with all permits and licenses. In addition, you must first register with the tax authority at the place of business.

Choosing a taxation system

The tax registration of an enterprise is carried out at the stage of registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC, at the same time a system is selected according to which taxes will be deducted. For cafes, in cases where UTII (single tax on imputed income) cannot be applied (it depends on the region), they choose the simplified tax system (simplified taxation system) with a rate of 15% (income minus expenses).

The right location is half the success

The selection of the place where the opening establishment will be located is an important item on the list of what you need to open a cafe. The place must have high traffic, otherwise the institution will be idle without customers. In many ways, his choice depends on the format of the institution and the intended categories of visitors. For example, a detached building in the center of a large residential area or in a large park next to a residential area is exactly what you need to open a cafe bar. During the day in such an institution, the sale of coffee and confectionery for mothers walking with children, and in the evenings, visitors will be residents of nearby houses who want to relax after a hard day's work.

A room with an area of ​​​​250-270 square meters. m. - that's what you need to open a cafe from scratch for 50 seats. Based on these parameters, as well as the requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological service, it is necessary to select a room in a place where the traffic of people is quite high. If at first your cafe will serve up to 50 people per day, which is considered quite low workload, and average check each visitor will be 200 rubles, the profit will be 200,000 rubles. per month., and this is a pretty good indicator.

Arrangement and search for design solutions for the premises

It is unlikely that you will be able to avoid the stage of repairing the premises before opening a fast food cafe from scratch. But before calling a team of workers, it is also necessary to think about what the interior of the future institution will be like and find the appropriate design solutions. To do this, you can order services professional designers, or you can sketch out a preliminary plan on your own and set specific tasks for the masters, and they will tell you how to bring them to life correctly.

For example, for small cafes, a calm atmosphere is important, the illusion of privacy, student eateries do not require exquisite furniture, but should attract young people with some unusual, catchy and memorable interior details. It is more difficult with thematic establishments, their arrangement will require more skill and considerable financial investments, which, most likely, will pay off precisely thanks to the unusualness of the cafe. The cost of opening a cafe from scratch will largely depend on the direction of the institution. Experienced restaurateurs are advised to place a bar counter in establishments where alcohol is sold.

Cafe equipment

The list of a standard set of equipment that you need to open a cafe from scratch consists of the following items:

• Plate;
• Grill;
• Roasting and cooking cabinet;
• Refrigerators;
• Production tables;
• sinks;
• Dishes;
• Sets of furniture for visitors.

The purchase of equipment is a significant part of the cost of opening a small cafe from scratch. The approximate amount of expenses is 600,000 rubles. Equipment is usually purchased Russian production, crockery - imported. Furniture for the hall can be made to order, if not on sale ready-made kits, suitable for the interior of your cafe.

Restaurant advertising

At the stage of thinking about the idea of ​​​​how to open your own cafe and where to start, you should take care of a memorable and self-promotional name for the future establishment. Before the opening, an advertising campaign is carried out by a beautiful and bright sign that attracts attention and arouses interest. This is what you need to know to open your own cafe. In the future, the sign should be a landmark by which the institution will be recognizable. Therefore, do not spare money for the development of design and production of high-quality signs with the latest technology.

The marketing plan should be drawn up for the long term and include a list of regular promotions and promotions that draw attention to the establishment. The answer to the question: "How much money do you need to open a cafe?" must take into account the costs associated with advertising.

Happy hours, discounts on banquet menus, corporate cards - any methods of attracting visitors are good in the fight for regular customers for those who want to open a cafe.

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Calculation of financial investments

When deciding to go about their business, an entrepreneur must estimate how much money is needed to open a cafe. Costs may vary by region and size locality where the business is planned to be started. The cost of opening a cafe from scratch can be calculated according to the main items of expenditure at the initial stage: registration of activities (10,000 rubles), rental of premises (300,000 rubles), repair and improvement, purchase of equipment (600,000 rubles) and products (200,000 rub.), advertising (60,000 rub.). Monthly expenses will include: rent, utility bills, tax deductions, employee salaries, grocery shopping, advertising costs. Thus, the answer to the question of how much it costs to open a cafe from scratch will be an estimated amount of 1,200,000 rubles.

Profitability and payback

Having calculated how much it costs to open a cafe, an entrepreneur can estimate the profitability of such a business and its payback period. If you follow the planned business plan, choose the right place for the establishment, then the cafe, even according to the most conservative estimates, will pay off in a year. A well-chosen and high-quality implemented concept is what you need to open a cafe, the profitability of which will be 20-25%.

Business Advantages and Disadvantages

Question " ?" very relevant and many are looking for an answer to it. Opening your own cafe is a good answer to the question of interest to enterprising citizens. The current time is called successful for entering the business. The benefits of starting your own business now are still low rents, plenty of vacant space in busy areas, and the gradual exit of people from austerity. However, before you open a cafe, you should familiarize yourself with the nuances of running a restaurant business in order to avoid annoying mistakes. For example, you need to be ready to stop the theft of food and alcoholic beverages by unscrupulous employees, as well as to ensure that your cafe keeps its brand and does not turn into an ordinary eatery. For those who want to open a cafe and are thinking about where to start, it is with a willingness to check the work of their establishment on a daily basis and personally control all processes.

A person who dared to start his own business from scratch has conflicting feelings. On the one hand, he seems like a madman who risked taking this serious step in our difficult time. On the other hand, his deed and determination inspire respect and envy. Today you can find a huge amount of information on how to open your own business, which will enable a businessman to flourish and develop, have financial independence and recognition of society.

Well, that's all large quantity people are being exchanged for "government service" for employment own business, that is, open private business. Its advantages are obvious:

• a person gets the opportunity to do what he loves;
• work without a boss;
• there is no threat of layoffs or layoffs;
• Financial independence.

In order for the opening of your business not to remain a dream, but to become a reality, you need to know a few rules.

Business idea

Every business starts with an idea. Before you open your own business, you should think carefully about what you would like to do and what knowledge and experience you have.

Experienced entrepreneurs say that in order to formulate a business idea, you need to take a piece of paper and write down ten options that come to mind. This is called "brainstorming". Then you need to evaluate each option, describing its "pros" and "cons".

Niche selection and market analysis

It is important to correctly choose a niche and analyze the market. At the stage of development, it is not recommended to choose goods or services unknown to people, but it is necessary to be prepared to meet with high competition. Therefore, a thorough market analysis will help with the choice of a profitable niche.

Drawing up a business plan

Drawing up a business plan is one of the most important components. It will help to realistically assess your capabilities, outline the intermediate and final results.

The business plan consists of the following items:

Table. The main points of the business plan

Start	Here you need to describe the main occupation, the end result and the likelihood of losing money.
Niche Description	Clearly specify the product or service, who can use it, in which regions it can be offered.
Market analysis	Analysis of the economic situation, the number of competitors, planning promotions.
Business organization plan	Plan the stages and deadlines for the implementation of each stage.
Budget planning	It is important to calculate everything necessary costs, take into account one-time and recurring expenses, calculate the break-even point when the minimum sales cover the costs of the business, and all the rest make a profit.
Description of the end result	Detailed description of expected results, business expansion or work in other areas.

Registration with government agencies

Business registration is a mandatory procedure

After deciding on the type of activity and drawing up a business plan, it is necessary to register as an individual entrepreneur or LLC. By registering in one of these areas, we decide the issue of legality by doing our own thing.

Note! Illegal conduct own business entails criminal liability.

The next step is to register with pension fund, MHIF, FSS, Rosstat. Here you will need to collect a standard package of documents:

• original / photocopy of the passport;
• original / photocopy of TIN;
• a document confirming the existence of registration with the tax authority with an extract on the selected OKVED;
• paid receipt of state duty;
• statement about the chosen system of taxation.

The procedure for issuing all required documents you can go on your own. But some novice businessmen prefer to contact special firms dealing with these issues.

Choosing a place to do business

If you plan to open your business on the Internet, then the site will take on the role of a virtual office. To do this, you need to create it. You can do this both on your own and by contacting specialists. You will also need to purchase a domain and hosting.

If your own business is planned offline, then you will need to study all the specifics of opening it. So, a business in the service sector involves working from home and communicating with customers by phone. mobile phone. This will require office space. If this is a trade, the premises must be chosen in mall or near it. For own production it is best to choose an industrial zone within the city. The office should be there. This will allow you to constantly monitor the progress of work.

Necessary equipment

After the novice entrepreneur has decided on the place, you need to purchase the equipment necessary for doing business. Here minimum costs determined by the particular service sector.

• To open a retail outlet, you need to purchase display cases, refrigerators, scales and other necessary equipment. Some start-up entrepreneurs purchase used equipment in order to save money. This is an extremely unwise decision, since one cannot be sure of the quality and longevity of such equipment.
• For your own production, you need to purchase a whole line of equipment.
• Organizing your business on the Internet, in this regard, is somewhat easier. It does not require special room and equipment. But if we are talking about opening an online store, then in the future you will need to rent a warehouse for storing goods. Suppliers of goods can be found via the Internet.

Advertising and promotion

The same is true in online business. Internal and external website optimization is necessary for the development and maintenance of your own business.

Recommendation! Promotion also plays an important role. In order for a client to become a regular and tell his friends and relatives about you, you need to give him more than he expected. For example, when buying a product, you can make a gift or a small discount.

Total costs and total profit

The cost of starting a business must be calculated in advance

Costs are the amount of money a person spends on starting a business. They are divided into one-time and monthly.

Table. One-time and monthly expenses

When calculating the maximum amount of one-time costs, we get 183,000 rubles. This is the minimum required to open a business "on the ground".

If you start a business online, then, according to experts, you can meet 100,000 rubles, since the cost of purchasing equipment is excluded.

Monthly costs will range from 29,000 to 200,000 rubles, depending on the type of business, the number of employees and the area of ​​the leased premises.

You will also need to submit a quarterly report to the tax office, pay taxes and contributions to the Pension Fund.

A classic business pays off in about a year and a half if there is a well-organized advertising campaign. An online business pays off much faster, since the costs of opening and maintaining it are much lower.

How to start your own business? You can engage in the provision of a certain category of services. Here you can work both independently and in tandem. A good choice– resale of services (intermediary activity).

For example, you have legal education and plan to engage in the provision of services in this category. To learn the specifics of a business from the inside, it is worth some time to work in a company engaged in such a business. This will provide an opportunity to understand all the intricacies of the organizational process and, no less important, to build your own client base.

Opening any business requires start-up capital, because even simple business will require a small advertising campaign. The costs of some organizational issues. The minimum amount that must be “on hand” is a thousand dollars.

To make sure by a vivid example that starting your own business, becoming a successful and independent person is not a dream, but an accessible reality, we recommend watching a short video.

In this article, we will analyze in detail what a business plan is, why it is needed and how to write it correctly.

Greetings, dear readers! Alexander Berezhnov is in touch. Today we will talk about business, or rather about business planning.

As you know, any business or project starts with. But it doesn't carry much value on its own, since most people come up with dozens of ideas every day.

Many famous entrepreneurs talk about it, prominent people in the field of management, leadership and planning training. These are Stephen Covey, John Maxwell, Vladimir Dovgan, Alex Yanovsky, Tony Robbins and others.

Surely you had situations when an idea was born, but you didn’t have enough time and energy to bring it to life, and most importantly, you didn’t know where to start.

This article will be useful for both beginners and current entrepreneurs, because, as you know, any prosperous company or project always has a plan to achieve its goals.

When I myself was trained in the field of business planning, I well remembered the words of one of the trainers:

A dream differs from a goal in that it does not have a clear plan to achieve it!

In other words, if you don't have a good plan to achieve your goal, it is unlikely that it will become something more than just a dream for you even after many years.

In this article, I will cover issues related to business planning, as myself I have experience in writing business plans for my own entrepreneurial projects. But in order to convey information in plain language, before writing this article, I spoke with two of my acquaintances who are professionally engaged in writing business plans for entrepreneurs to order in order to attract third-party capital to their clients' businesses. The guys help by writing professional business plans to entrepreneurs in obtaining loans, grants and subsidies.

Dear readers, I draw your attention to the fact that in these articles we will consider a simplified model for writing a business plan for starting a small business. And if you are faced with the task of writing a business plan for big company, then I advise you to use the services of professionals who specialize in this.

I won't take any more of your precious time, let's get started...

1. What is a business plan

Every term has many definitions. Here I will give my own, it is quite short and reflects the main meaning of the concept of "business plan".

Business plan- this is a document or otherwise a guide that describes the idea of ​​the project, business processes and mechanisms for their implementation in order to achieve the goals stated by the author of the document (business plan).

In general, business planning, like any process, should have a goal, in this case, the success of your project will depend on 3 key factors:

1. Awareness of your level at the current time (point "A");
2. A clear idea of ​​​​the ultimate goal of where you (and your company) plan to be (point "B");
3. A clear understanding of the sequence of steps to get from point "A" to point "B".

2. What is a business plan for?

From my own practice, I will say that a business plan is needed globally in 2 cases, and in each case its writing is different in a certain way.

These are the cases:

1. Business plan for investors(creditors, grant givers, bodies providing state support in the form of subsidies, etc.)

Here the main purpose of the business plan is to prove the viability of the project and effective use funds. And it does not matter whether you will return them, if it is a loan or not, if it is a subsidy or a grant.

In a situation where you are thinking about how to write a business plan for investors, you need to emphasize the logic of the actions you are planning to take, perhaps even bluffing about certain points that will help you get funding. When writing a business plan, you can embellish something, but the main thing is not to get carried away.

In a word, your finished plan should be clean, neat, logical. Everything should be beautifully painted in it, explanations of the facts you have given, and so on.

It will not be superfluous to prepare a good computer presentation and speak publicly to investors.

Therefore, when I am asked how to write a business plan, I ask the question in response: “For whom is a business plan being drawn up? For yourself or for investors?

2. Business plan for yourself(according to this plan, you will actually act for the successful implementation of your own project)

Let me explain with an example. If, when writing a business plan to attract funding, you write that you need 300,000 rubles to buy 10 computers, then further in the form of a table you paint a detailed estimate:

№	Expense name	Quantity (piece)	Cost, rub.)	Amount (rub.)
1	Intel based system unit	10	20 000	200 000
2	Samsung monitor	10	8 000	80 000
3	Mouse	10	300	3 000
4	Keyboard	10	700	7 000
5	Speakers (set)	10	1 000	10 000
Total:				300 000

That is, you really need 10 computers to run the project. This is how you write it. BUT!

If you are making a business plan for yourself, then most likely even this small estimate for computers will look different for you. You will ask why?

Example

You know that you and your partner, with whom you are going to open a business, already have 3 computers for two, and you can find 3 more computers at your father at work, at home on the loggia and at your grandmother in the garage, having upgraded them a bit.

This is very figurative, but I think you understand the meaning. All this concerns the available resources, but for the investor, you will request funds for the purchase of new office equipment, since you will need to document it.

The same thing, if you are going to open a business in the field of cargo transportation, then in the business plan for the investor you write that you need 5,000,000 rubles to buy 5 trucks. Then it will be easier for the investor to navigate the expediency of using his funds.

Even if you already have 1 or 2 similar trucks, you can simply add them to a new fleet when you receive funding and everyone will be happy.

Because often there is a situation when in negotiations with an investor you say that for the successful operation of your project you need 5 trucks, but in principle you have 2 ... And then you start to disorient the investor, saying that one of these trucks was bought in half with your friend, and the other belongs to your wife and she may not give it to you for a new project, and so on.

Conclusion

Write a business plan for investors as much as possible detailed and beautiful.

When writing a business plan for yourself, focus on the resources you have and write such a plan as close as possible to yours. realities.

Moving on to the technology of writing a business plan ...

3. How to write a business plan

Drawing up a business plan begins with a preliminary analysis of the current situation.

Before moving on to formulating, describing and filling sections, you need to gather together all the information that you own, and if it is not enough, then fill in these gaps using third-party sources or by contacting specialists.

One of the recognized technologies for preliminary analysis before the upcoming business planning is the so-called SWOT analysis.

It is quite easy to understand and clearly structures all the information you have.

4. What is SWOT analysis and how is it applied in business planning?

SWOT is an abbreviation and stands for:

• S trends- strengths;
• W eakness – weak sides;
• O pportunities- opportunities;
• T hreats- Threats.

SWOT analysis is needed in order to assess the internal and external factors of the company, making an objective picture for the upcoming business planning.

For example, in your case it could be the following indicators:

Strengths:

• Low cost of production;
• High professionalism of the project team;
• The company's product (service) has an innovative component;
• Attractive product packaging or high level providing services to the company.

Weak sides:

• Lack of own commercial premises;
• Low brand awareness among potential buyers.

Opportunities and Threats are characteristics external environment, which the company cannot directly influence, and therefore, they can influence the outcome of its work in the future.

These factors can be:

• Economic and political situation in the country or region;
• Socio-cultural environment (features of the mentality of consumers);
• The level of technology development in the territory of doing business;
• Demographic situation.

Analysis current conditions, we can highlight the potential of the future project.

Opportunities:

• Introduction of new materials and technologies for the production of the company's product;
• Obtaining additional funding for the project;
• Adapting product design to cultural and age features region.

Threats:

• High customs duties on raw materials for the production of goods;
• Strong competition in this market segment.

After the SWOT analysis is done, you can proceed to the description of the sections of the business plan. Below I will describe each of them, explain my point of view, and in the 3rd part of this instruction I will give in a concise form examples of filling out each section. This will help you visualize the technology of writing a business plan.

And so that my examples are not general phrases like “it’s better to be healthy and rich than poor and sick,” I will reveal the question “How to write a business plan” using the example of opening anticafe or in another way time cafe * .

anticafe(or time-cafe) is a new format of cultural and entertainment establishments that first appeared in Moscow in 2010.

Their essence lies in the fact that visitors do not order food and drinks for money, as in an ordinary cafe, but pay by the minute for the time they are in the establishment. For this payment, they get the opportunity to play board games(for example, the very popular game ""), play video games on the X-BOX game console, organize your own events: birthdays, corporate parties, parties, and also use free WI-FI Internet.

Here visitors can also participate in entertainment and educational activities: musical and theater evenings, trainings, clubs foreign languages, take training courses on the game on musical instruments etc.

By the way, personally, as a person leading healthy lifestyle life, pleases that in these establishments it is not allowed to drink alcohol and smoke.

5. What sections should be in a business plan

In order to understand the structure of a business plan, you need to decide on its sections. I will offer you my own version, which is classic for most business plans.

Business plan sections:

1. Introduction (summary);
2. Description of goods and services;
3. Market analysis and marketing strategy;
4. Production plan;
5. organizational plan;
6. Financial plan (budget);
7. Expected results and prospects (final part).

When starting to develop a business plan, I recommend that you conduct a small brainstorming session, describing your idea on 1-2 A4 sheets. This is necessary in order to understand the picture as a whole and only then proceed to detailed description the above sections.

Important point!

Before filling out the sections in detail, collect as much information as possible on the topic of your project (business).

It can be:

• Industry analysis with quantitative indicators;
• Ways to promote your products or services;
• Current competitors in the market;
• The amount of tax deductions for your company;
• Technologies applied in the industry of your future business.

All this will help you write a business plan as efficiently as possible on your own and not look for material for its sections along the way. This way you save a lot of time and get good results.

In the second part, we will analyze in more detail how to fill out the sections of the business plan.

It is a document that highlights all the characteristics of the future organization, analyzes possible problems and risks, their forecasting and methods by which they can be avoided.

Simply put, a business plan for an investor is the answer to the question “Should the project be financed or should it be thrown into the trash?”.

Important! A business plan is drawn up on paper, taking into account certain procedures and rules. Such a presentation of the project to some extent materializes your idea, shows your desire and willingness to work. Also, the design on paper simplifies the perception of the idea by the investor.

Self-drawing up a business plan

Drawing up a business plan yourself is not so difficult, you just need to carefully consider the idea. Before you grab onto the calculator and calculate income, you need to take a few steps.

1. Identify the "pros" and "cons" of the idea that has arisen. If the number of "minuses" rolls over - do not rush to give up. Some aspects can be turned in the opposite direction, think about ways to solve such "cons".
2. Competitiveness and market stability are important characteristics.
3. The sales market needs to be thought out to the smallest detail.
4. The payback of the product (service) and the time of receipt of the first profit will allow you to determine the (approximately) required amount for investment.

If, after such a superficial analysis, you do not want to abandon your brainchild, then it's time to take a clean slate and start creating a business plan.

It is important to know! There is no single structure and step-by-step instructions on how to calculate a business plan. Therefore, the presence and order of the items included in the plan is determined independently. However, experts have established the most best option plan structures. If there is no experience in compiling such documents, you need to use these recommendations in order to correctly compose the work.

Structure and procedure for drawing up a business plan

The structure of a good business plan, according to economists, should include 12 points. Each of them is described below.

Title page

The following parameters are specified here:

• name of the project;
• the name of the organization where the project is planned to be implemented, indicating telephone numbers, addresses and other contact details;
• head of the above organization;
• developer (team or leader) of a business plan;
• date of preparation of the document;
• it is allowed to place on the first sheet the most significant indicators of financial calculations for the project.

This document is necessary to protect the copyright of the idea and business plan. This reflects the awareness of the reader that he is not entitled to distribute the information contained in the document without the permission of the author. There may also be an indication of the prohibition of copying, duplicating the document, transferring it to another person, a requirement to return the read business plan to the author if the investor does not accept the agreement.

An example of a confidentiality memorandum can be seen below.

The next 2 sections of the plan are “Brief Summary” and “ main idea project" - introductory. They can be used as a preliminary offer (for review) to partners and investors until negotiations are scheduled.

Brief Summary

Although a short summary of such a document is at the beginning, it is written in final stage, as a result. A summary is an abbreviated description of the project idea and a list of the most significant characteristics of the financial component.

The following questions will help here, by answering which you can get a great resume:

1. What product is the company planning to sell?
2. Who wants to buy this product?
3. What is the planned volume of sales (production) for the first year of the company? What will be the revenue from this?
4. What is the total cost of the project?
5. How will the enterprise be formed according to the organizational and legal form?
6. How many workers are planned to attract?
7. What is the required amount of capital investments for the implementation of the project?
8. What sources of funding this project?
9. How much will total profit(profitability) for a specific period, payback period, volume Money at the end of the first year of operation of the enterprise, profitability. net discounted income.

It is important to know! The resume is read by the investor first. Therefore, the further fate of the project depends on this section: the investor will either become interested or bored. This part should not exceed 1 page.

The main idea of ​​the project

1. What is the main design goal?
2. What are the tasks of the enterprise to achieve the main goal?
3. Are there any barriers to the goal and how to get around them?
4. What exact actions does the author propose to perform in order to achieve results and achieve the goal as soon as possible? What are these timelines?

Important! It is necessary to give clear, real and explicit arguments that will confirm the confidence in the profitability and success of the project. The volume of this part is optimal within 1-2 pages.

In the same section, it is customary to use the conducted SWOT analysis – assessment of strong, weak features of the enterprise, opportunities (prospects), as well as possible threats. It is unlikely that it will be possible to make a business plan correctly and most completely without such an analysis.

The SWOT analysis reflects 2 sides that affect the life of the organization: internal, relating to the enterprise itself, and external (everything outside the company that it cannot change).

Do not forget: you describe the enterprise, not the product! A common mistake of the authors is that they start writing product characteristics in the “strength” column.

Here are some parameters that can be used to describe strengths or weaknesses:

• high-tech production;
• service and after-sales service;
• multifunctionality of the product (without affecting its specific properties);
• level of qualification and professionalism of employees;
• level technical equipment enterprises.

External factors (“opportunities” and “threats”) include:

• market growth rates;
• the level of competition;
• political situation in the region, country;
• features of legislation;
• features of the consumer's solvency.

Example

Characteristics of the industry in the market

• dynamics of sales of similar products in the industry for last years;
• growth rate of the market industry;
• trends and features of pricing;
• exhaustive assessment of competitors;
• search and indication of new and young enterprises in the industry, as well as a description of their activities;
• description of the consumer market, their desires, intentions, requirements, opportunities;
• assessment of the possible impact of scientific, social, economic aspects;
• prospects for development in the market.

Essence of the project

This section reveals the idea, the subject of the business plan. It also reflects the level of preparedness of the enterprise for the release of "public", the availability of all the funds required for this.

The most important provisions in this section are:

• primary goals;
• description of the target consumer segment;
• key performance factors for market success;
• a detailed representation of the product, the characteristics of which must be within the market segment defined above;
• stage of product development (if production is launched), patent and author's purity;
• characteristics of the organization;
• the total cost of the project, indicating the financing schedule for the periods and amounts of investments;
• the required expenses of the initial period for the marketing campaign and the formation of a coherent organizational structure.

Marketing plan

Here the tasks, goals of the marketing policy and methods for their solution and achievement are indicated. It is important to indicate which task is intended for which personnel, in what time frame it is required to complete it and with what tools. The funds needed for the latter must also be indicated.

Marketing plan is a strategy, a set of successive and / or simultaneous steps, created to attract consumers and effectively return on their part.

The investor will be attentive to such points as:

• a well-developed system of comprehensive market research and analysis;
• the planned volume of sales of goods (services) and its range, scheduled for time periods until the enterprise reaches full capacity;
• ways to improve products;
• description of product packaging and pricing policy;
• procurement and marketing system;
• advertising strategy - clearly articulated and understandable;
• service planning;
• control over the implementation of the marketing strategy.

Production plan

Everything related directly to the creation of products is reflected in this part. Therefore, it is advisable to compile this section only for those companies that plan not only distribution, but also production.

Points to be noted:

• required production capacity;
• detailed interpretation technological process;
• a detailed description of the operations entrusted to subcontractors;
• the necessary equipment, its characteristics, cost and method of purchase or lease;
• subcontractors;
• required area for production;
• raw materials, resources.

It is important to indicate the cost of everything that requires costs.

organizational plan

At this stage, the principles of organizational strategic management company. If the enterprise already exists, then this item is still mandatory: it determines the compliance of the existing structure with the intended goals. The organizational part must necessarily contain the following data:

• name of the organizational and legal form (IP, OJSC, partnership and others);
• an organizational management system that reflects the structure in the form of a scheme, regulations and instructions, communications and dependencies of departments;
• founders, their description and data;
• management team;
• interaction with staff;
• supplying the control system with the necessary material and technical resources;
• company location.

Financial plan

This chapter of the business plan gives a cumulative economic assessment of the written project, accompanied by calculations of the level of profitability, payback periods, and financial stability of the enterprise.

The financial plan is very important for the investor, here he determines whether this project is attractive to him.

Here it is necessary to make some calculations and summarize them:

Risk Analysis

In a risk analysis, the author must investigate the project and discover potential threats that could lead to a decrease in revenue. It is necessary to take into account financial, industry, natural, social and other risks. At the same time, it is necessary to develop a detailed and effective plan to prevent them or minimize the impact on the company. Therefore, the business plan should include:

• a list of all potential problems;
• a set of methods and tools that prevent, eliminate or minimize risks;
• models of the company's behavior in the event of events that do not contribute to its development;
• substantiation of the low probability of occurrence of such problems.

Applications

This is the last link in the structure of the business plan. It includes documents, quotations, sources, copies of contracts, agreements, certificates, letters from consumers, partners, statistics, calculation tables used in the preparation of this document. Attachments in the text of the business plan are required to insert links and footnotes.

General document requirements

• write a business plan in a clear, concise language, without long and complex wording;
• the desired volume is 20-25 pages;
• the business plan should cover all the information required by the investor in in full;
• the document must necessarily be based on real facts, reasonable rational proposals;
• the plan must have a strategic foundation: strict, delineated and complete, with clear targets;
• interconnectedness, complexity and consistency are important features of drawing up a plan;
• the investor must see the future, the prospects for the development of the project idea;
• The flexibility of the business plan is a significant plus. If you can make adjustments, amendments to the written project is a nice bonus for the investor;
• conditions and modes of control over the functioning of the enterprise should become part of the business plan.

Making a business plan from scratch without the help of a specialist is not easy, but possible. It is important to adhere to the above rules, construction structure and avoid mistakes.

The most common mistakes

• Illiterate syllable

The rules of the language cannot be ignored. It often happens that the most incredible and promising idea flies into the basket along with a bunch of plans of mediocre IPs. And all because mistakes in spelling, vocabulary, punctuation and poor presentation of the text completely discourage the desire of any investor.

• Careless design

The design should be the same throughout the document: bullets, headings, lists, font, size, numbering, spacing, etc. Contents, headings, numbering, names of figures and tables, designation of data on graphs are required!

• incomplete plan

To properly write a business plan, you need an exhaustive amount of information. The sections of the document listed above are the minimum that should be unconditionally included in the project.

• vague plan

Work should be "like in a pharmacy on the scales." clear, defined, specific language goals and (important!) ideas.

• Too many details

The abundance of technical, financial, marketing terms will only help in exams. For a business plan, you need to select only the most significant details. If there is a great need for a thorough description of a process, then you can put it in an application.

• Unrealistic data

Such business proposals are based on assumptions. Therefore, the author needs to rationally approach the idea and have a reasonable background, real reason supported by calculations.

• Few facts

For each assumption - its justification - real, valid. Facts give the work meaning and confidence. The fountain of facts is also not worth arranging, and if you are carried away, then we look at the rule about the details.

• "We have no risks!"

Rule of thumb: no business without risk. There is no such business in which "quiet, yes smooth surface." The investor knows this, and the author should also know this. Therefore, it's time to descend from the clouds to the ground and study, explore, analyze.

• “And we have no competitors either!”

The competitor, as well as the risk, is always there. It can be direct or indirect. Carefully and meticulously study this topic, and an opponent will definitely appear on the horizon, waving your pen.

• Neglect of outside help

Creating a business plan yourself does not mean doing absolutely everything yourself. Moreover, obtaining a high-quality result is possible through the joint efforts of several specialists. Don't be afraid of helpers!

Successful business development directly depends on the preparation of a business plan.

It is not enough just to make a plan, it is necessary to constantly adjust it in accordance with market changes.

This will allow your business to "stay afloat", receiving income and conducting a clear planning of the expenditure side of the budget.

Every successful individual entrepreneur (IE) knows that a well-written business plan is the “foundation” of any activity. Using a business plan, an individual entrepreneur can attract investors or apply for a loan from a bank.

A business plan is a complete program for launching and developing a business, containing detailed information about the product, its release and distribution. The business plan reflects the planned profitability of the company, and also demonstrates the financial return on investment.

The preparation of a business plan for lenders should focus on specific financial indicators. The basic rule for writing a successful business plan is to be dynamic and short (no more than 15-20 sheets). Consider how to write a business plan yourself?

Title page

How to draw up a business plan? This requires a sample, especially for a beginner. Any work, first of all, consists of a title page.

This is the "face" of your business. The title page "acquaints" a potential investor with a business idea, so it is very important to learn how to correctly draw it up.

The title page should be attractive and briefly inform the investor about the essence of the business. The obligatory items of the title page are:

• IP name;
• contact details of the enterprise (telephone, address, etc.);
• privacy note;
• short name of the project;
• Full name of the head of the IP, his contact details;
• information on the preparation of a business plan (who made it, when, where);
• information about the timing of the project.

Want to know more about writing business plans? Then the next topic is for you. : purpose and structure, algorithm and examples.

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1. Summary.
2. Project descriptions.
3. Carrying out market analysis, evaluation of competitors.
4. Marketing strategy.
5. Production, organizational and financial plans.

The summary is short and general information about the project. The volume of the resume should not exceed 1 printed page. The summary contains information about the scope of activities and financial results of the company, which are expected. The summary also substantiates the goals of creating the project, its uniqueness and benefits for investors.

Product Description

When compiling a description of products, it is necessary to focus on the usefulness of this good.

You can also make a brief comparison of this product with analogues, dwelling on the main differences.

The Product Description section should provide an opportunity for analysis further development business.

Description of the business model

The business model is a simplified version of the functioning of all IP systems and business processes. Creating a business model is one of the most important steps at the stage of strategic planning of a company's activities.

A business model succinctly describes how a company creates and sells its product. The development of the business model is entrusted to the IP management team.

Market and industry analysis

At the stage of market analysis, it is necessary to get acquainted with the situation in detail, analyze the total volume of potential sales for the products produced. You can also make a trial batch of goods in order to study the behavior and reactions of buyers to it. Analyzing the market, it is necessary to evaluate competitors.

The general scheme of a competent business plan

How to write the right business plan? A competent business plan contains detailed information about the main competitors to understand the prospects for the development of IP.

Strategic SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis is carried out in order to determine the actual state of the company and highlight the prospects for its development in the long term.

At the stage of conducting a SWOT analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of the company are studied, risk factors and market opportunities are assessed.

SWOT analysis helps the IP management to evaluate the following points:

• the presence of an IP advantage in the market for similar goods;
• vulnerable ("bottleneck") places of the company;
• chances of making a profit;
• threats from the market and competitors.

Risk assessment and management

An integral part of the business plan is the concept of risk management.

This section is designed to prevent the occurrence of adverse events in the company's activities in order to avoid significant financial losses.

Active risk management implies their prevention at the decision-making stage. In this case, risk management is related to marketing research of the market, which shows the probability of incurring losses based on an assessment of demand and the pricing policy of competitors.

Any investor who decides to invest funds pays attention to the risk of losing the invested capital.

Sales strategy

The sales strategy is integrated planning consisting of answers to the following questions:

• How (through what channels) will the product be distributed?
• What will be the price of the product?
• How to interest buyers?
• How to create an ad? How much money to allocate for this?

In this section, it is necessary to analyze the market and make a clear description of the conditions under which potential buyers will become clients of the IP.

organizational plan

In the section "Organizational plan", as a rule, the general structure of the IP and the role of each of its links in the process of production and sale of goods are indicated. In addition to the general structure of the enterprise, investors are interested in information about each member of the management (if the company plans to raise capital).

This paragraph demonstrates the general table of income and expenses of the company, draws up a forecast balance sheet, and calculates the calculation (cost) of goods.

Composing financial plan, it is necessary to calculate the payback period of the project with a breakdown of cash flows by months.

When working on a business plan, you should not overdo it. Consider only basic information. It is important that the investor, after reading the first two pages, already understands what in question. The data used in the preparation of the business plan must be 100% reliable.

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