Relatively recently, an urgent issue arose - import substitution. Meat, vegetables, fruits - all agricultural products are currently urgently needed, and therefore - an actual product. In this regard, novice entrepreneurs began to increasingly wonder about opening their own farm.

How to open a farm? In this guide, we will take a comprehensive look at this issue.

This area has not lost its relevance, and will never lose. Millions of potential consumers of the final product live in Russia. Meat processing plants are more interested in quality meat suppliers than ever. But such a large-scale scope for a novice entrepreneur is not always achievable.

The primary task for a potential farmer should be to provide the products of his own region, and, as production grows, you can start thinking about entering the federal market.

Main types of farming activities

A farm may engage in the following activities:

• livestock breeding;
• Vegetable growing;
• Crop and seed production;
• Production of products from own natural raw materials.

The undoubted advantage of this type of activity is all kinds of government benefits and subsidies, which are relatively easy to get for a novice entrepreneur.

How to register a farm under the law?

Federal Law No. 74 “On Peasant (Farmer) Farms” is responsible for regulating this type of activity. This type of business is registered as a peasant farm.

It involves certain social benefits and support from the state. After registration, the head of the household receives , and information about the KFH is entered in

Create a farm any able-bodied persons over 18 years of age. There are no citizenship requirements. Family members of the head of the farm are accepted into it when they reach the age of 16 years. No more than 5 unrelated persons can be part of a farm.

This does not mean a ban on hiring workers or any limitation in their number!

The procedure for registering a peasant farm is very simple and will require collecting minimum package of documents.

Documents for the creation of a peasant farm

1. Agreement between members of the economy on its creation. Not required if the household is organized by one person. A sample can be downloaded here: http://www.blankbuh.ru/blank/39
2. Farm Registration Application (Form 21002). See an example of filling here: http://dombiznesa.ru/files/doc2/obrazec_primer_zap…
3. The passport or photocopy applicant's passport.
4. Receipt of in the amount of 800 rubles. An important nuance is that the head of the farm must pay the receipt using his own data, otherwise the tax office will simply not accept it.
5. Statement on the transition to a special tax regime.

Documents for registration can be submitted in person, send certified copies by mail, or using the registration procedure itself takes a standard 5 days, after which you will receive a ready-made package of documents for IP.

Important! If the head of the farm is already registered as an individual entrepreneur, then it will no longer be possible to register a peasant farm for himself.

What to do to get subsidies to start a farm from scratch?

To receive subsidies for opening a farm, at the initial stage, you will need to come to the Employment Center and register. It is not necessary to register an individual entrepreneur before applying.

Under the self-employment program, start-up entrepreneurs are provided with a subsidy to start their own business in the amount of 60 thousand rubles.

To apply for a loan (if necessary) It is worth choosing banks with state support. The most optimal choice is Rosselkhozbank, which has special loans issued for the development of agriculture.

The only thing is that the entrepreneur must own the land plot on which the farm will be located. To receive large amounts, you will need to provide a deposit

We will talk more about the costs of starting your own business below.

There is also an option to attract investors - they can act as members of the farm, and based on the share of their investments (which are determined by an agreement between the members of the farm), they will receive a share in the profits.

And now - about the main thing. Consider several areas of activity for peasant farms with numbers and calculations.

Farming: business plan with calculations

rabbit farm business plan

Rabbits are relatively profitable farm animals. From them they get skins and meat, which is considered dietary and sells well. Frequent illnesses are their greatest disadvantage.

If several rabbits fall ill, almost the entire livestock will eventually die, which is a serious problem. You can protect yourself from this by regularly vaccinating the livestock, and by obligatory compliance with the conditions for keeping rabbits.

Basic Rules

It is forbidden:

• To allow crowding, overpopulation of rabbits in cages;
• Buy animals from unverified breeders;
• To plant new rabbits to the main livestock without prior quarantine;
• Neglect mandatory vaccination;
• Keep rabbits in damp, poorly heated and ventilated rooms.

Subject to these simple rules and proper feeding, breeding problems should not arise. For breeding, rabbits of directly meat breeds (not mixed and not fur) should be chosen. These include: white giants, Californian breed, New Zealand - white and red.

These breeds are characterized by a high growth rate, as a result of which, by 4-5 months, young animals can be slaughtered. Rabbits of these breeds reach a weight of 4-5 kg ​​by 5 months.

The cost of equipping a rabbit farm (business plan) with a capacity of up to 1000 heads per year

Purchase of breeding stock	30 females + 2 males	15,000 for a 3-month-old young
Purchase of feed	Compound feed, hay, mineral supplements	150,000 per year
Vaccination	Veterinary drugs	10,000 rubles per year
Veterinary service	Preventive inspection of livestock	5,000 rubles per year
Building a shed or barn	Materials + work	From 10 to 25 thousand rubles
Buying cells	Based on 60 cells	From 30 to 60 thousand rubles
Hiring	1 person (optional)	180 000 rubles per year
Equipment for slaughter and waste disposal		From 20 to 50 thousand rubles
Refrigeration equipment	Carcass storage	From 20 to 40 thousand rubles
Other expenses		50 000 rubles per year

Profit from a rabbit farm

Calculation of net profit: 1,300,000 - 345,000 = 955,000 rubles per year. You can reduce costs without hiring staff, then the net profit will be 1,135,000 rubles a year from a small population of 30 females.

The advantage of rabbit breeding is that the volume of livestock can be increased very quickly, due to which profits will also begin to grow. It should also be noted that dressed rabbit skins in large volumes are purchased at a higher price.

Dairy farm business plan

Consider a plan for a small dairy farm for 10 cows. The sale of milk has been and will be a relevant area, in addition, cows and calves are also meat. The average cost of a pair of veal - 200-300 rubles per kg (wholesale prices), beef - 200-250 rubles.

Recently, many citizens have begun to open a business in rural areas, since in the city almost all profitable niches have long been occupied by experienced entrepreneurs. Another good reason is the ability to start without major capital investments. In this article, we will talk about how to start a farming business and how to lead it to success.

How to open a farm?

If you decide to open a farm, but do not know where to start, the first thing to do is to develop a competent business plan. First, carefully calculate all the costs, consult with specialists and plan all your further actions. After that, you can start implementing the idea. The business plan will become the guiding thread that will lead your business to success. The most important thing is to start successfully, and all problems can be solved as they come.

So, where to start organizing a farm? The first thing to do is to find a suitable piece of land. It can be purchased or rented. It's best to buy land. In this case, you will not worry that its owner will refuse to renew it after the lease expires. At the moment, in the regions, one hectare of agricultural land costs 2-4 thousand rubles. This is quite an affordable price even for beginners who do not have a large start-up capital.

After you understand the land, you need to decide what exactly you will do.

The most popular areas of activity:

• Pig breeding;
• poultry farming;
• Breeding cattle;
• Growing vegetables or melons;
• Fish farming.

The easiest way to start a farm from scratch is to choose one area of ​​​​activity and gradually develop it. The main advantage of any farmer is that in addition to the main profit, he can receive additional income. For example, if you organized, you can simultaneously engage in the production of frozen berries, preserves and jams. Entrepreneurs who raise cows or pigs can produce sausages and stew. The cultivation of grain crops can be accompanied by the production of flour, pasta and cereals.

Financial investments

It is rather difficult to answer the question of how much it costs to open a farm, since the size of the initial investment largely depends on the scale of the future enterprise and the scope of activity. If you plan to start raising cattle, you will need a large start-up capital, about 2-5 million rubles. The opening of a small poultry farm will have to spend 0.7-1.5 million rubles. For beginners who are interested in how to open a farm from scratch, it is better to start by growing vegetables. In this case, you will need money only for the purchase of seed and fertilizer.

Aspiring entrepreneurs who want to start their own business in the countryside often ask the question, I want to open a farm, how will the state help? You should not count on the fact that immediately after registering a company you will be able to get a loan. In our country, it is issued only to those farmers who fall under the program for the development of the agro-industrial complex. In addition, this is too troublesome, because in order to receive financial assistance, you need to find several guarantors. If you register for unemployment at the employment center, you may be given a gratuitous subsidy for starting a business in the amount of 50-60 thousand rubles.

Profit

The first profit from the farm can be obtained in 9-12 months. The payback period of a business does not depend on the direction of activity. With a competent approach, you can cover all expenses in just a year of work. After that, your income will be significantly higher than the cost of maintaining the farm. If you can’t decide, be sure to pay attention to this promising line of business. Many successful farmers started as a small family farm and have managed to reach great heights thanks to their patience and hard work.

Business Profitability

Some farmers cannot make their business profitable because they do not have the appropriate knowledge and skills. But this does not mean that this area of ​​\u200b\u200bactivity should be put an end to. To be successful, you need to regularly update equipment and other assets, study cutting-edge agricultural developments, and stimulate land.

To increase the profitability of the business, breed several types of animals or grow different vegetables and fruits. If one part of your structure turns out to be unprofitable, the other part will in any case cover all costs and allow you to make a profit.

Another effective way to increase profitability is own production on the basis of a farm. Open a small business and process finished products on your own. In addition, you need to find buyers who will buy it in bulk at competitive prices.

The most popular ideas for beginners

Are you interested in how to open a farm without large initial investments? In agriculture, you can open your own business literally from scratch. If you treat your work responsibly, over time, a small farm will turn into a highly profitable manufacturing enterprise. If you are not attracted to growing vegetables or other crops, you can start breeding:

• Geese. This is a fairly profitable line of business that does not require significant financial investments. Experts believe that this is the best option for a start. To begin with, it is enough to purchase 100 goslings. You will spend about 20 thousand rubles on this. In addition, another 20-30 thousand will be needed for feed. One goose leads 6-8 goslings per year. According to the most conservative estimates, a herd of 1,000 head brings in 1.8 million rubles of income per year;
• Laying hens. Any resident of the countryside can organize. This unpretentious bird does not require special conditions of detention. You can make a good profit from the sale of eggs and meat. To increase the profitability of the business, sell products on the market at retail prices. Over time, you can expand your business, for example, to do;
• Vietnamese pigs. In order to organize, you need to make a lot of effort, but it's worth it. Loose-bellied guinea pigs grow and reproduce quickly. In a year, 20 sows produce approximately 500 piglets. Half can be sold young, and the rest can be raised and slaughtered for meat. A small farm for breeding Vietnamese pigs brings about 750 thousand rubles of net income per year.

conclusions

We hope you have received an answer to the question of how to open a farm from scratch. This is a fairly profitable type of activity that brings a decent income. If you are determined to become a farmer, discard all doubts and get to work. Good luck!

Peasant farming (KFH) is usually organized by family kinship. This form of business organization is a commercial organization that produces agricultural products for sale. A farm is a business that earns 70% of its profits from the sale of agricultural products. KFH should be located on a plot owned by farmers or received from the state. The state implements programs designed to support and develop farms. There are tax incentives for farmers. Such support makes farming a very promising type of business in Russia. In the article, we will consider how to open a farm from scratch.

General legal features of opening a KFH

The Law “On the Peasant (Farm) Economy” is the main document containing information on the procedure for the formation of the property of a farm. According to Article 3.1 of the Law on KFH, any capable citizen of the Russian Federation, as well as a foreigner or a stateless person, can open and register a peasant farm. In addition to the law "On the Peasant (Farm) Economy", the activities of the KFH are regulated by: the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Land Code and the law "On State Registration of Legal. individuals and individual entrepreneurs.

According to article 3.2 of the law on peasant farms, the organization may include:

• One person (similar to an individual entrepreneur);
• Close relatives of the KFH organizer: spouses, parents, grandparents, sisters, children, brothers, grandchildren (up to 3 families can be part of the KFH). Grandchildren, children, sisters, brothers, upon reaching the 16th, can become members of the farm;
• People not related to the organizer of the peasant farm (up to 5 people + it is necessary to conclude an agreement on joint activities in accordance with article 4 of the law on peasant farm).

The sectors covered by the activities of the KFH are as follows:

• animal husbandry: goats, pigs, cows, horses, sheep, rabbits;
• poultry farming: ducks, broilers, laying hens, turkeys, ostriches, geese, pheasants;
• fish farming: carp, trout, sturgeon, silver carp, carp, catfish, pike;
• beekeeping, etc.

The area of ​​activity of the KFH includes: breeding, cultivation, production, transportation and sale of agricultural products of this site. You can grow the following types of crops common in Russia:

• berries and fruits: melons, watermelons, pears, apricots, strawberries, apples, cherries, cherries, plums, prunes;
• vegetables: tomatoes, eggplant, cabbage, cucumbers, potatoes, pumpkin, peppers, carrots;
• greens: dill, onion, parsley, garlic;
• grain crops: oats, wheat, rye, millet, corn, barley, buckwheat, sunflower, etc.

One of the most common types of agricultural business is the cultivation of green onions: →» «, →» «, →» «.

Additional activities

The benefits of farming include the possibility of additional income, which may exceed the main one. Examples of additional activities:

• if the main activity is the cultivation of vegetables and fruits, then engage in the production of frozen fruits and vegetables;
• when breeding pigs or cows, establish the production of sausages, stews and other meat delicacies; if you breed cows, make a profit from the sale of dairy products: sour cream, milk, cheese, cottage cheese, etc .;
• when growing crops, organize the production of cereals, flour, open a bakery and sell bakery products.

How to open a farm: step by step instructions

Stage #1. Registration of KFH: paperwork

Registration of a peasant farm is carried out in the same manner as for an individual entrepreneur (IP). The procedure for registering a farm is described in Article 5 of the Law on Peasant Farms. Below are the registration instructions:

• Agreement on the establishment of a peasant farm. (required if additional partners are involved).
• Receipt of payment of the state duty (cost 800 rubles);
• Certified statement of state registration of a peasant farm with a notary in the form No. Р21001;
• Application for the transition to special taxation regimes: ESHN, STS (otherwise it will be OSNO by default);
• Copy of all pages of the passport.

It is recommended that when registering a peasant farm, immediately switch to special taxation regimes: ESHN or STS - this will save on tax payments and simplify the procedure for paying taxes. If, during the registration of a peasant farm, an application is not submitted for the transition to preferential regimes, then it will be possible to re-apply only by the end of the calendar year (no later than December 31 of the year of the previous year) and taxes will be calculated according to the general taxation regime.

Taxation system- single agricultural tax (ESHN)

tax rate — 6%

The unified agricultural tax is canceled if the share of agricultural production is less than 70% and the OSNO (general taxation system) is applied to the producer.

The video presents the features of the unified agricultural tax (ESNKh).

If the system of taxation of the simplified tax system is chosen, then it is necessary to choose a method for calculating tax rates.

• by gross income (tax rate 6%);
• on income minus expenses (tax rate 15%).

It should be noted that if a loss was received under the simplified tax system (on income minus expenses), then it is still necessary to pay the minimum established contribution in the amount of 1% of the income received.

Initially, bookkeeping can be outsourced to an accounting company.

Stage #2. Registration of KFH

Registration of a peasant farm can be carried out personally by submitting documents to the tax office (you must take the original passport), via the Internet using the online service of the Federal Tax Service or by mail. Sending documents by mail is the most difficult and time-consuming option. If the documents are submitted by an authorized person, then a notarized power of attorney for all submitted documents is required.

Comparison of peasant farms and other organizational and legal forms of agribusiness

The figure below shows a comparison of peasant farms with other forms of doing business: individual entrepreneurs and private household plots (personal subsidiary plots).

Features of marketing and sales of agricultural products

For the profitability of doing business, it is necessary to agree with possible consumers before the production of products: processing and trading organizations. There may be an oversupply of similar imported products on the market, forcing farmers to sell products at reduced prices. Building a distribution network is a key factor in the success of a farming business.

State support for agricultural business

The state provides a loan for the development of agricultural business only to farms included in the program for the development of the agro-industrial complex. To obtain a loan, a large number of guarantors is needed, which complicates its obtaining. You can apply to the employment service by writing an application for inclusion in the self-employment program, and receive a subsidy of 50,000-60,000 rubles from the state. to open a sole proprietorship in the agricultural field.

Today there are a number of government programs that are aimed at developing and supporting farmers, and tax incentives for owners are defined. This type of entrepreneurial activity has become promising in Russia. We will figure out where to start a farm, what expenses will be required and how to successfully start in this business.

A farm is a commercial organization that operates on a family basis, produces agricultural products for the purpose of selling for profit.

Before opening a business in this area and to draw up a business plan, decide on the choice of direction.

Branches for breeding

• Livestock: , horses, .
• : trout, carp, sturgeon, silver carp, pike, carp, catfish.
• Poultry breeding: laying hens, broilers, ducks, geese, ostriches,.

What is grown

• Vegetables: cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, peppers, eggplant, pumpkin, potatoes, carrots.
• Fruits and berries: melons, watermelons, apricots, pears, apples, strawberries, cherries, cherries, prunes, plums.
• Greens: parsley, dill, onion, garlic.
• Grain crops: wheat, oats, barley, rye, corn, sunflower, buckwheat.

This is not an exhaustive list, but we have listed common and traditional cultures.

What type of activity to choose additionally

When drawing up a business plan for a farm, take into account that additional income from related activities is possible.

• If you decide to grow fruits and vegetables, additionally set up the production of frozen vegetables and fruits.
• If you want to engage in or pigs, at the same time start the production of stew, products and other meat delicacies. Cows are also profit from the sale of dairy products: milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese and others.
• when growing cereals, organize the production of flour, cereals or try.

How to start when opening a farm

Determines the procedure for the formation of property Law "On Peasant (Farm) Economy" No. 74-FZ of 06/11/2003 (amendments of 12/28/2010 No. 420-FZ).

According to paragraph 1 of Article 3, any capable citizen of the Russian Federation, as well as a foreign, stateless person, have the right to create a peasant farm. Clause 2 of the article states that spouses and parents, grandparents, children, sisters, brothers, grandchildren (up to three families) can become members. Also not relatives of the head of the person, but not more than five people.

Article 4 says that the creation of a farm by a group of persons will require the conclusion of an agreement on joint activities.

Article 5 describes the procedure for registering a peasant farm.

Registration procedure

• pay the state duty;
• notarize the application for registration;
• submit a package of documents to the IFTS;
• register with the Funds;
• receive a letter from Rosstat with statistics codes;
• open a bank account.

On state support for agriculture

There are a number of benefits for newly created enterprises, but when you need a loan for the development of an agricultural business, do not expect to receive a loan from the state. It is available to farms included in the agro-industrial complex development program. It also includes guarantors.

You are not a pensioner and do not work - contact the employment service with an application for inclusion in the self-employment program, so that you can receive state assistance from 50 to 60 thousand rubles to open an individual entrepreneur in the agricultural sector.

Here we will consider information on how to open a farm, what is needed for this, a business plan for opening a peasant farm.

For reference: a peasant farm (abbr. KFH) is a commercial organization (usually on a family basis) that produces agricultural products for sale and profit. An enterprise is called a farm if at least 70% of the total profit is received from agricultural products.

Thanks to the implementation of a number of state programs to support farms, as well as the introduction of tax incentives, manual farm labor in many regions of Russia has become a fairly promising type of business. If you and your family want to start a farm, then this information will help you "estimate" how much it costs to start this business and how to take the first successful steps in the agricultural business.

Business plan

We present you an example of a farming business plan for you to fill out yourself. We did not publish here an already completed example, because. The numbers vary greatly from case to case. In addition, peasant farms are different in terms of the “set” of activities.

Keep in mind that statistics show that large multi-specialization farms are more resilient to market changes. They give a more stable profit and, moreover, quickly pay off. True, the opening of such will require a rather impressive amount and a lot of time at the initial stage.

Possible areas of your activity

cultivation

• Grain crops: wheat, barley, oats, rye, millet, corn, buckwheat, sunflower.
• Vegetables: cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, pumpkin, peppers, carrots, potatoes, eggplants.
• Greens: onion, garlic, dill, parsley.
• Berries and fruits: strawberries, cherries, cherries, plums, prunes, watermelons, melons, pears, apples, apricots.

This list, of course, can be replenished, but here are the most traditional and popular cultures that are in stable demand every year on the territory of any city in the Russian Federation. Therefore, if you decide to open a farm, then pay attention to these crops.

Breeding

• Pigs, cows, rabbits, sheep, goats, horses.
• Beekeeping.
• Poultry farming: broilers, laying hens, geese, ducks, turkeys, pheasants, ostriches.
• Fish farming: carp, trout, silver carp, sturgeon, pike, carp, catfish.

Additional activities

The advantage of opening your own farm is that from each type of activity you can extract additional, sometimes even more significant profit, because you will not need to purchase raw materials for your production, because. you have your own, and the prices for finished products are usually even higher.

• If you are engaged in the cultivation of vegetables and fruits on your farm, then you can additionally produce frozen vegetables and fruits.
• If you are breeding, for example, pigs and cows, then you can produce stew, sausages and other meat delicacies. And also, in the case of cows, various dairy products: milk, cheese, cottage cheese, sour cream, etc.
• If you are engaged in the cultivation of grain crops, then we can produce flour, cereals in bags, as well as various bakery products, that is, open your own bakery.

And this list can go on and on.

How to open a KFH (farm) - registration procedure

So, how to create a farm (KFH) on your own and what you need to open it.

The procedure for the formation of the Federal Law of June 11, 2003 N 74-FZ "On the peasant (farm) economy" (as amended on December 28, 2010 N 420-FZ).

Article 3. The right to establish a farm

1. Capable citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons have the right to create a farm;
2. Farm members can be:
   • spouses, their parents, children, brothers, sisters, grandchildren, as well as grandparents of each of the spouses, but not more than from three families. Children, grandchildren, brothers and sisters of members of the farm owner may be admitted as members of the farm when they reach the age of sixteen;
   • citizens who are not related to the head of the farm. The maximum number of such citizens cannot exceed five people.

Article 4. Agreement on the establishment of a farm

1. In the case of the creation of a farm by one citizen, the conclusion of an agreement is not required.
2. Citizens who have expressed a desire to create a farm enter into an agreement among themselves.

Article 5. State registration of a farm

A farm is considered established from the date of its state registration in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

What you need to register a KFH

1. Pay the state duty;
2. Certify the application for registration with a notary;
3. Prepare a package of documents for the IFTS;
4. Submit documents to the IFTS;
5. Get registration documents;
6. Registration in the Funds;
7. Pick up a letter with statistics codes from Rosstat;
8. Open a current account.

State support for agriculture

If you want to take a loan, then do not count on a loan for farmers, because. it is issued only to farms included in the program for the development of the agro-industrial complex. Besides, there still need a lot of guarantors.

If you have not yet reached retirement age and do not work anywhere, you can register as unemployed and apply for self-employment in agriculture. Then it will be possible to receive 50-60 thousand rubles from the state to open an individual entrepreneur in the field of agriculture.

useful links

• State support for beginner farmers and family livestock farms // Portal of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation