Plumbing in the garden. Ways to organize water supply

The organization of water supply and sewerage in the country is a very important issue. It is from the solution of this problem that the comfort of living in a summer house and the availability of an irrigation system for the site will depend. During the initial design, you need to determine whether you will use it in the winter or everything will be limited only to the summer. The depth of pipe laying depends on this, because when sub-zero temperature they can burst from the presence of ice inside.

Best would be to use polyethylene pipes, and the wiring diagram should be prepared in advance. It will depend on the source of water supply and the method of transporting it to the place of consumption. Installation of such a system can be done by yourself or entrusted to professionals.

How to make plumbing in the country from a well: a scheme for laying plastic pipes

Before you conduct plumbing in the country, you should decide where the water will come from. If you chose a well as a source of water supply, because of its low cost compared to a well, then the pipeline is best made underground. But first, you need to find a place where there will be enough water. To do this, using a hand drill, a recess of up to two meters is made, inside which a drainage pump is placed. Depending on the volume of incoming water, you can determine its power. If enough liquid is collected, then the hole is dug in diameter and concrete rings are placed inside.

The layout of the water supply in the country begins with a pipe coming out of the well, it is located at its very bottom, parallel to the ground level. After its withdrawal and sealing of the joints, you can proceed to digging trenches. A marking is made on the ground, which corresponds to a scheme thought out in advance, and the excavation begins on it.

Pipes for water supply in the country are used plastic or PVC. AT modern version they are quite resistant to pressure drops and even withstand several freezing seasons. To create pressure in such a system, a pump must be laid, but it is placed in a separate room. The less environmental impact, the better.

The water supply scheme may include not only a country house, but also watering the site. Pipes for its organization are buried shallowly, but before the onset of frost they must be freed from water.

Winter and summer water supply in the country: differences in the device and pipe insulation

Do-it-yourself country water supply is easiest to make from hoses that will lie on the surface of the earth. In this case, it will be called summer, because at the end of autumn they are rolled up and put in the pantry until it warms up in the spring. The most convenient for connection are plastic fittings, which have special "Christmas trees" on them, the hoses are simply put on in one motion. The pipes themselves are made of durable rubber and proper care will serve you for more than one year. The main thing is to wind them in neat bays without inflection areas during storage.

Country water supply from plastic pipes is more resistant to weather conditions and may even be buried in the ground. The standard service life of such material is more than fifty years. Pipes are absolutely not subject to corrosion or other chemical influences. Do not forget that to avoid freezing, pipes should be at a level of 1-2 meters underground. In this case, the operation of the water supply will be available all year round.

If you want to avoid the hassle of digging deep trenches for winter plumbing in the country, then get an electric heating cable. True, when using it, electricity bills can increase significantly. Another simple way out of this situation can be the insulation of the water supply in the country. As an insulating material, merylon can be used, which has a different diameter and tightly covers the pipe when correct selection. If it is not there, then get glass wool, it is also used in hot water systems.

gidpostroyki.ru

Do-it-yourself water distribution in a private house and in the country

Properly executed water distribution in a city apartment or a private house provides a high level of comfort.

The well-appointed apartment has a bathroom and cold water considered the norm.

It is impossible to do without water for irrigation in the country.

Water supply of a private house

In a private house built according to modern project, mechanisms for the delivery of cold and hot water are provided.

On the site adjacent to the house, as a rule, a certain landscape is formed and a place is allocated for a traditional vegetable garden.

These objects require abundant moisture for watering.

You can not do without water and in the bath, which must be on the estate without fail.

Water for all needs (for the bathroom, irrigation, in the bath, etc.) is taken from various sources.

Where does the water in the living quarters come from?

A person living in a city apartment does not think about how and where the water comes from in the bathroom. Similarly, in the bath, where with hot water there are no problems.

Things are different in the countryside. Here, the owner of the site, often - has to mount the piping for irrigation with his own hands.

Technically savvy summer residents use a manifold for distributing pipes and hoses, instead of the usual tees.

Each gardener, laying pipes around the site, knows from which source water comes for irrigation.

There are four main sources of water:

open reservoir;
centralized water supply network;
wells;
wells.

Wells, as sources of water, are mostly a thing of the past. They continue to be used mainly as a backup source and as decorative element in landscape design.

In a modern private house, most often water is pumped from a well. As a rule, such a water supply scheme is used for estates that are located outside the city limits.

If the house or cottage is built in the immediate vicinity of engineering networks, it is technically easier to “crash” into an existing highway.

In this case, significant investments in drilling and well construction will not be required.

Centralized source

If there is no water in the apartment of a multi-storey building, then the residents call the control room of the water utility and find out when normal water supply will resume.

In the same way, people living in a private house have to act. It is impossible to correct the situation with your own hands in such a situation. The bathroom cannot be used. Wash dishes too.

When deciding to connect to a centralized water supply network, this must be remembered.

It should also be taken into account that in this case it will not be necessary to deal with drilling a well, acquiring expensive equipment and organizational issues. There will be less hassle.

decentralized source

Among the sources of this type are rivers, lakes, wells and wells. If there is no natural reservoir in the district, then it is necessary to carry out geological research on the site.

This is done in order to find the aquifer and determine its depth. It is more convenient and cheaper to make the well located in the basement of the house.

With such an arrangement of the source, it is much easier to mount the pipeline wiring around the site, as is done in the country. In summer, a lot of water is required for irrigation and in any season it is needed in the bathhouse.

The debit of the well must be higher than the volume of water that is consumed in a private house and other places.

Current water supply schemes

How to make plumbing in a private house?

If we approach the topic in principle, then the plumbing scheme in a private house has much in common with how water is distributed in an ordinary apartment of a multi-storey building.

To do this, you can install a pump with your own hands, which creates a pressure of two to three atmospheres.

On the fifth floor and above, the water supply for the bathroom and other needs is carried out by more powerful pumps.

From this comparison it follows that in a private house you can use plastic pipes which are more technologically advanced and much cheaper metal pipes.

The connection scheme for water fittings is of two types:

collector;
consistent.

The sequential circuit is the simplest in terms of the principle of operation. It is often mounted in the house, and in the bath, and in the country. Installation work, in order to save money, you can do it yourself.

And in the bath, and also, if there is a need, in the apartment - the main pipe is laid. Tees crash into it, at pre-marked places.

From a specific tee, a pipe or hose is laid to the water heater or to the shower, or to the washbasin. This connection scheme allows you to get by with a minimum of pipes.

However, the pressure of water in the system will decrease with distance from the source. At the most remote connection, the pressure will be the weakest.

This situation is familiar to people who live in an apartment on the upper floors of high-rise buildings. The collector circuit is devoid of such shortcomings.

The collector is a device for uniform distribution of water between consumers.

Collector piping has a more complex configuration.

Its cost is higher than with serial laying. Higher because more linear meters of pipe are required for installation. With all this, the collector provides a better water supply.

Collector system in the apartment

Modern apartments have a free layout and often occupy two levels. In this case, the water distribution scheme is developed individually.

You can install pipelines and install plumbing fixtures in the bathroom with your own hands. However, it is preferable to entrust these responsible works to professionals.

It is not recommended to install a collector, and maybe more than one, without proper experience. In this case, the risk of flooding neighbors from below increases.

To avoid such troubles, plastic pipes are connected with a special welding machine. In the country, for watering the beds, hoses connected by wire couplings are used.

When installing a pipeline in a city apartment, such connection methods are not suitable.

To make a strong connection, a special tool is used - scissors, napkins for cleaning grease, nozzles of the appropriate diameter.

Such a connection reliably serves in circuits for supplying both cold and hot water.

Material selection

When laying a pipeline from a well to a house or bath, it is preferable to choose from plastic. Polypropylene pipes are widely used in the country and increasingly in the apartment.

They are easy to install and their price, in comparison with pipes made of other materials, is low. The collector is made of copper or brass. Rarely stainless steel.

It is used to distribute both cold and hot water. In the apartment, for the bathroom, you can make a reliable wiring with your own hands from copper pipes.

In the country or in the bath, such a luxury is simply not needed. When planning the execution of certain works, you need to properly use the available opportunities.

Steel pipes continue to serve for water supply in the country, in an apartment and in a private house.

For laying a steel line, along the section from the well and to any point with your own hands, you will need to use a welding machine.

And, plus to it, considerable physical efforts. Practice shows that some private property owners prefer to use traditional materials.

Both in the bathroom and in the country, plastic structures are extremely rare. At the same time, a copper collector is considered a completely acceptable option.

Do-it-yourself installation is quite within the power of a person who is familiar with the installation rules.

The specifics of installation work

Before proceeding to installation work in the house or in the country, it is necessary to purchase all the necessary devices, materials and components.

An exhaustive list is contained in the project documentation. To install in the bathroom - you need the bath itself and a faucet.

The collector is installed in the room where the water distribution unit is located. All pipes and adapters must be properly assembled so that there is no confusion during installation.

When laying the pipeline along the section from the well to the bath, you need to carefully check the quality of the pipe connection.

When performing work inside the house - pipes, collector, shut-off valves fastened in pre-designated places.

The pipeline laying scheme is designed so that there are as few transitions “through” the wall as possible. This also applies to the bathroom and other rooms.

When the collector is attached, there should be a distance of 20–25 mm between it and the wall.

One of the laws of hydrodynamics says - the fewer turns and angles in the line, the less pressure loss.

It is desirable to observe this rule both when laying the line from the well to the bath, and when installing pipes indoors.

It is also preferable to mount the collector on a straight section of the pipeline.

By following all the installation instructions, as well as following the advice of experienced professionals, all water distribution work in a private house will be performed with high quality.

stoydiz.ru

Do-it-yourself plumbing in a private house, video, diagrams

In a private house, water can be supplied in two main ways:

through private sources;
through the central water supply.

The first method involves the supply of water from wells or wells, which are located on the site of a private house. AT this material collected videos, photographs, as well as schemes that will help you make the water supply in a private house or in the country with your own hands. We will analyze how the wiring is performed, and what is needed for this.

Interesting: sometimes the source can be a lake or a river. But today it is practically impossible to meet such a water supply system, since all water bodies located near enterprises are polluted. The way out can be a special treatment complex.

Water supply from a private source

Installation of water supply in the country should begin with checking whether private water sources comply with sanitary standards, be it a well or a well. This also applies to large reservoirs from which it is planned to draw a resource. The well is considered the most reliable, as it functions in any conditions. Turned off the electricity? We raise water on buckets with our own hands! In other cases, the work is done by electric pumps.

Nothing will stop you from equipping this beauty with electric pumps.

If a long work above the well does not attract, then as an alternative, you can make a well with your own hands. Usually it is performed in the basement of the building. The main plus is that there is no need to lay pipes from the well to the main water supply system. You also get a strong pressure, because electric pumps pump liquid from close range. Such a source of water also has its drawback - the well is flooded, as a result, every 3-5 years a thorough cleaning is necessary.

Depending on the amount of water, the possibilities of wells differ. In standard cases, the owners create a well, the width of which is 10-15 centimeters. Such a system allows you to receive liquid using an electric pump, but you will not be able to raise several liters of water with your own hands.

It looks like a water supply system installed in the basement of a private house. The scheme is quite simple, so the well is cheaper than the well.

If power outages occur in your area, it is recommended to install a water tank in advance. The volume depends on the number of tenants, but the more the better. As for artesian wells, they are too rare in a private house or country house.

Central water supply system

The central sewerage and water supply system has a lot of advantages. You do not need to spend money on the pumping station and the units themselves. Also not needed storage tank for liquid. As for the purity of the supplied water and its pressure, these indicators will be taken care of by the organization that provides water resource for objects. Also, an enterprise can be a state type, in simple words- ZhEK. In this case, the sewerage and water supply system may be unstable: additional bills for pipe repairs, rust, weak pressure.

The photo shows a large-scale system that provides water to an entire microdistrict.

When choosing centralized system sewers, you do not have to deal with digging trenches for pipes, creating a well, etc. You need to send an application to an organization that works in your sector. After obtaining a permit, work begins: special equipment prepares trenches for pipes, laying is carried out, meters are installed.

Important: before contacting such an organization, you need to study the reviews. If the water is supplied to other houses clean, without pressure drops, then you should choose centralized network, in other cases, you will be laying pipes and creating a sewer system with your own hands.

Charting

To make the scheme correct, you must have the skills of drawing and mathematics. If there is no experience in this matter, then it is better to turn to professionals who make plans.

So, you are ready to lay the water supply and make a sewer system with your own hands. You have studied the area and know what type of water supply is right for you. The next step is the scheme - this is one of highlights in the creation of a sewerage system in a private house, cottage or country house.

The schema must contain the following elements:

collectors;
filters;
boilers;
pumps;
pipe size;
pipeline path;
distances between elements.

What is the most important thing in a diagram? Of course, this is piping. They can be connected in two ways: using a collector or in series. As for the first method, separate pipes go from the collector to consumers in a private house or in the country. The main advantage of installing a collector is a uniform pressure in all areas of the building. There are also disadvantages - high cost due to a large number pipes.

Scheme of the pipeline with a collector.

A consistent method of connecting sewerage and water supply is recommended for small cottages. This scheme contains the main pipeline equipped with tees for each water consumer. If there are too many consumers in a private house or in the country, then the pressure indicator will constantly fall.

Construction with main piping.

Circuit example

You can study the features from the video and photo, consider the scheme where the pipe with water leads to the treatment system. This is done to ensure that consumers receive liquid suitable for consumption. Behind the treatment complex is a tee that distributes water flows to different consumers. The pipe that will supply hot water goes to the heating element, and cold pipe connected directly to the manifold.

A simple diagram allows you to understand how the water supply system works for a private house and for a summer residence.

Next, you need to put shut-off valves on the lines to consumers. Elements are mounted from the collector. The "hot" pipe goes from the heater to a separate collector designed for hot water. After it comes the piping of the building.

How is the installation and wiring

The differences between internal and external piping correspond to the difference between hidden and open wiring. If external wiring is selected, then the pipes will go through the house, in the case of a closed one, the elements will be placed inside the decoration of a private house and its walls. Also today you can make a semi-hidden version, in which the pipeline is installed in the box. They can be pasted over or painted in the same color as the walls. Also, the box can be left completely unfinished.

The water supply scheme in a private house or in the country is the most difficult moment, since the scheme is drawn up individually for each object. The water supply must be properly connected to the sewerage system. You will have to work on the walls with your own hands if you need hidden wiring. The fluid flow rate of each water intake point and the power of the well are the two main indicators that must be calculated before starting the process.

In addition to videos and photos, the advice of experienced builders always helps in the work:

Shut-off valves should be evenly distributed throughout the system, which will come in handy in an emergency to quickly shut off the flow of water.
It is best to fix pipes in a private house or in the country with threaded connection.
Fittings, fixtures and splitters must be the same if they are installed in the same system.
You can pass the walls in a private house with the help of gaskets that protect the material from corrosion, damage, abrasions and other adverse factors.
There are drain taps throughout the system, when mounting them, make a slight bias towards the elements. This feature is needed so that the liquid does not accumulate in the pipeline.
Buy fittings, seals, gaskets, tapes, fasteners and other items with a margin. If everything is the same in the system, then in the event of a breakdown, you can immediately replace the part.
The fewer bends, the better. Each of them reduces the pressure in the sewerage and pipeline system in a private house or in the country.

Polypropylene pipe welding

Polypropylene elements are considered the most reliable of the pipes for giving. Polypropylene pipes are welded on the machine. The process is specific, so you should read the following instructions when welding polypropylene pipes:

We need to get segments, for this we need to cut the pipes with special scissors.
Welding points should be marked and cleaned with an alcohol wipe.
Next, choose a suitable nozzle for pipes made of polypropylene, set desired temperature and start the unit.
We are waiting for the heating of the welding machine, after which it is possible to push the segments of the house of marks onto the welding nozzles. It is not necessary to rotate the pipes.

The welder looks like this:

soldering of polypropylene pipes

Pipeline Care

The secret to efficient and stable operation of the sewer along with the pipeline is simple - breakdowns must be eliminated immediately after they are detected. If the breakthrough in the pipe is small, then temporarily solve the problem rubber gasket. Also helps in emergency situations cold welding. Got a fistula? We make drilling and screw in the bolt (only suitable for new pipes).

jsnip.ru

Do-it-yourself installation and wiring of plumbing in a private house

Do-it-yourself plumbing in a private house can be carried out from a central water supply or from a well (well). The principles of its creation, the main components of the system in each of these cases do not actually differ.

Choosing a wiring diagram

There are two ways to supply water to consumption points, and the choice of a do-it-yourself water distribution scheme in a private house depends on the parameters of the system, as well as on the intensity of water consumption (permanent or periodic residence, number of residents, etc.).

serial connection

Such a connection is also called a tee. Faucet, shower and other points are connected in series. This method requires the use of fewer materials (pipes, fittings, etc.), therefore it is cheaper.

The disadvantage of a serial connection when distributing a water supply system is the likelihood of a decrease in pressure at the most remote points with the simultaneous use of several water intake points.

collector connection

A collector (or parallel) connection is the organization of a collector (or two collectors - hot and cold water supply), to which the lines leading to each water intake point are connected. To implement such a scheme would require large quantity pipes, however, its principle of operation allows for stable pressure.

Tee and collector water distribution schemes in the house

There are additional nuances when choosing the principle of water supply. Do-it-yourself installation of a water supply system in a private house can be done in two ways:

"Deaf" lines ending in a dead end (stub). Such a plumbing scheme in the house is more economical, however, when hot water is supplied, it can create some inconvenience - when opening the tap, you must wait a certain time until the liquid reaches the plug, and only after that hot water will appear in the tap.
Circulation closed lines are more practical and convenient, however, the implementation of such a project will require not only more pipes, but also a special circulation pump.

Experts recognize the most rational combined option, in which the "blind" distribution of cold water is combined with a hot water circulation line.

The main nodes of the scheme

The water distribution scheme in a private house, or rather, that part of it that is responsible for supplying water to the house, consists of the following main components:

pumping unit for a well or well,
nipple (adapter),
anti-backflow check valve,
pipeline,
filtration equipment (one or more different filters depending on water quality),
stop valve,
accumulator,
pyaternik (fitting) for connecting the main elements and devices (pressure gauge, pressure switch, pipes).

Elements of the plumbing system country house with a well

The sequence of the water supply scheme

In order to visualize how water is distributed in a private house with your own hands, you can consider the course of communications from the source to the end point.

1. An individual water unit (well or well) is equipped with pumping equipment, the choice of which is carried out according to the following principles:

for deep artesian wells, only submersible pumps can be used,
for narrow channels and casing pipes - only surface units, including pumping stations,
in other cases, the choice between submersible and outdoor equipment is made depending on specifications specific models and operating conditions.

2. The pipeline that brings water to the house is usually laid underground. The depth of the trench is usually chosen taking into account the depth of soil freezing in a given region. As an additional protection against freezing, communications are supplied with heat-insulating layer.

Conducting water supply to the house from a well with a caisson

3. The entry point of the pipeline into the house deserves special attention.

Firstly, the hole for the pipe is made with a large margin - a gap of at least 150 mm on all sides. This avoids deformation and destruction of communications if, over time, the wall begins to sag or deform.
Secondly, small plot pipe, located between underground and protected ground communications and internal wiring in a warm room, is located on outdoors. In this place, the risk of freezing of the pipeline is highest, so good thermal insulation is required.

4. The hydraulic accumulator and control devices are usually installed in the basement, basement or on the first floor near the entry point of the pipeline into the house. Purely technically, it would be more correct to place such equipment at the highest point, however, from the point of view of practicality and ease of use, the lower levels are more suitable. You should only take into account the need to raise water to the upper floors when setting the pressure switch.

The hydraulic accumulator is designed to stabilize the pressure in communications and prevent frequent switching on (and, accordingly, rapid wear) of pumping equipment.

The control and monitoring unit includes a pressure gauge, a pressure switch and a dry-running switch, which prevents air entrapment and the formation of air locks in the system when the water level in the well or well decreases.

5. Filter systems are completed, depending on the need, with devices for:

After that, the plumbing is done in a private house with your own hands according to the chosen scheme. For a collector circuit, it might look like this:

Immediately after the accumulator is a tee along with a stopcock. The tee divides the flow of water into two directions - to the house and for other needs (watering, washing the car, etc.);
A deep filter is connected;
Next comes the tee, from which the distribution of water pipes in a private house is divided into a pipe for cold water, which immediately goes to the cold water collector, and a pipe through which water will go to a boiler or other water heater for heating. After heating, the water is sent to the hot water collector.

In the photo, the water distribution scheme in a private house

Important: When installing water supply in a private house with your own hands according to the collector scheme, it is necessary to install shut-off valves at each point of water consumption.

Pipe selection

Communications diameter

When conducting a water supply system to a private house with your own hands, a correctly selected pipe diameter will ensure cost-effectiveness at the installation stage of the system, as well as avoid unpleasant noise when water moves through communications.

To calculate the parameters of lines supplying water to consumption points, the starting point is the total length of each line:

for a branch with a length of less than 10 meters, pipes with a diameter of 16-20 mm can be used,
for branches about 30 meters - with a diameter of 25 mm,
for the longest lines over 30 meters, pipes with a maximum diameter of 32 mm are required.

Important: Special attention should be given to the choice of the diameter of the collector pipe. Insufficient value can cause malfunctions in the system.

The distribution of water in a private house from the collector is calculated based on the fact that each tap has a throughput of about 5 liters per minute. After that, it is roughly calculated how much water is taken simultaneously from all points at peak moments and the diameter of the collector is selected:

25 mm for a flow rate of 30 l/min,
32 mm for 50 l,
38 mm for 75 l.

Pipe material

Laying a water pipe in a private house allows the use of pipes made of various materials, each of which has its own advantages, disadvantages and operating features.

If you decide to stop at polypropylene, it will be useful for you to know how to weld polypropylene pipes.

Read more about the difference between collector and tee plumbing schemes here.

Since you will need coarse water filters, we advise you to familiarize yourself with their types.

In order for the system to work flawlessly, it is important to know how to properly install plumbing in a private house with your own hands. This concept can include both the basic principles regulated by building codes and regulations, as well as some of the nuances and subtleties known to experienced craftsmen.

Ideally, the pipeline should not pass through building structures, however, in practice, the creation of such a scheme is often impossible or impractical. If it is necessary to conduct communications through the wall, the pipe must be placed in a protective glass.
Despite the fact that the owner of the house almost always wants to get the maximum free space and for this "press" the pipeline from the wall, there should be a gap of at least 25 mm between the building structures and the communications running parallel to them for easy installation. repair work. bypass inner corner requires a distance of 40 mm, and the outer 15 mm.
If there are drain valves on the pipelines or the hydraulic accumulator, a slight slope is made in their direction.
Most convenient way fixing the pipeline to the walls - these are special clips. You can choose single or double devices, the distance between them in any case should be about 2 meters.

When deciding how to make water distribution in a private house, remember that a well-executed internal system water supply has characteristic differences:

Minimum joints and adapters. This improves the reliability and efficiency of the system.
All connections are made in strict accordance with the installation technology of this particular type of pipe.
The presence of valves or shut-off valves in critical areas of the system and at connection points.
The minimum number of not too reliable flexible sections for connection (hose connections), which are most vulnerable to pressure drops.

The distribution of water in the country for irrigation can be greatly simplified if a central water supply is connected to the suburban area. The option of drilling an artesian well is suitable when there is no other way to bring water to the cottage. This method is more expensive, but in the future it will be possible to use the liquid without restrictions. In any case, it is necessary to take care of the normal water supply system of the summer cottage in the first place.

After bringing water to the site, they begin to lay pipes on the plan. This allows you to correctly distribute the need for irrigation in the country. If there is no experience with such systems, then you can contact the specialists. To save money, the recommendations below will help to carry out the wiring of the water supply system.

Having decided on which parts of the dacha should receive water, they begin to draw the wiring diagram. To do this, they must calculate the footage of pipes, select all the necessary fittings: adapters, couplings, taps, angles, tees, etc. If you prepare a plan taking into account the scale on which all points of water delivery will be indicated, this will allow you to quickly navigate the water supply system during its installation.

Plumbing will be required not only for the house, but also for all key places in the suburban area. Pipes should be brought to them, hoses should be connected and taps should be placed on them. Sprinklers are usually installed to water nearby beds. Carrying heavy hoses is not very convenient, so several hoses are usually connected to the wiring at the same time. The presence of a number of water intake points will allow you to quickly cope with watering plants in the country.

Water distribution scheme

When drawing up a wiring diagram, a drain valve is provided at the lowest point of the site. With it, you can drain the water before the onset of frost, since frost and cold lead to freezing of water in the pipes. This can destroy the system, as the density of the liquid that has turned into ice will increase. As a result, the pipes will be broken. Before draining the water, all distribution taps must be closed to protect the water supply from destruction in winter period.

If the pipes of the water supply system are made of polyethylene, then a special drain valve will not be required.

On the drawn up wiring diagram, the location of the taps on the main should be indicated.

It is necessary to provide a tap for emergency shutdown of water supply.

Arranging the distribution of irrigation in the country, you should determine the mode of its use, since the water supply system can be summer and winter. One method of wiring differs from another in the depth to which pipes must be laid. For all-weather cottages, insulated water pipes are usually provided. This system requires laying pipes lower than the depth of soil freezing.

A winter type of wiring is necessary if there is a greenhouse on the site. In this situation, it will be necessary to prepare a good ditch and lay insulated pipes. The most rational would be to use summer version water supply.

For the wiring device, you can use the plumbing scheme of polypropylene pipes. It is equipped with the possibility of draining water for the winter period. You must first calculate required amount consumed water, adding to the result just in case a small amount of stock. When calculating, one should take into account not only the volume of liquid for watering plants on the site, but also the water needs of family members of the owner of the cottage.

To bring the pump outlet pipe into the house at the dacha with your own hands, you will need polyethylene pipes laid in a trench, the depth of which is 50-60 cm. The pump is installed in a well or well, from where water for consumption should come. You can control the pump from home using a cable introduced into the house.

A second plastic pipe is laid in the trench for the pipe laid in advance, in which the cable must be laid. The pipe introduced into the room must be equipped with a check valve and a mechanical coarse filter for the liquid.

How to make a homemade well on the site

When arranging a mine well in a country house with your own hands, you should not only install a log house made of wood, but also take care of the following elements of the water supply system:

1 Power grid.
2 Spout with faucet.
3 Stop valve.
4 pipes.
5 Hoses.
6 Sand.
7 Rubble.
8 box.
9 blind area.
10 Clay castle.
11 Lid.
12 Ventilation riser, etc.

Do-it-yourself installation of a mine well in a country house is carried out if water is planned to be consumed in small volumes. Its design is quite simple. For normal operation of the device, it is necessary that groundwater lies at a depth of 3-4 to 10-15 m. This depends on the region in which the country house is located.

The components of the well are:

1 Ground part (head).
2 rings made of reinforced concrete.

Concrete is sometimes replaced with a log house made of wood, made using a beam, the diameter of which is 20-30 cm. The log house must be buried in the ground, and the well shaft - several meters into the groundwater. Sand, crushed stone and gravel should be alternately poured onto the bottom of the trench in layers, each of which should have a height of at least 20 cm. After that, installation is carried out in the well submersible pump.

If groundwater is located deep enough, more than 15-20 m, then drilling of wells will be required, which can be of the following types:

1 Simple ("on the sand").
2 Artesian wells (“on limestone”).

Wells of the first type can be drilled independently in 2-3 days using a drill. You will also need a steel pipe, a pump and a special filter mesh. This type of well will provide a small area with water for 5 years. The cost of an artesian well is too high, but its service life is more than 70 years. It allows you to supply water to the site in volumes from 4 to 110 m3 / h. To drill an artesian well, it is necessary to involve specialists and obtain permission to create such a well from the local authorities.

Autonomous water supply device

It is possible to carry out the distribution of water in the country different ways, the main of which are associated with a series connection of pipes or using a manifold. This device allows you to connect the pipe to each individual point. The collector is a pipe with a diameter bigger size than hoses. Connection to the collector of devices that consume water through hoses must be parallel. Due to this, pressure equalization occurs in the supply pipes. The flow of water into each of the hoses is carried out evenly, which does not depend on whether adjacent taps are open or not.

For irrigation of the site, you can use different types water pumps. These units are quite light and compact. They do not require special maintenance, as they are equipped with a pressure gauge, a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch. This allows you to support the automatic operation of devices operating on the principle of pumping stations.

Water supply in the country can be organized using a tank, which allows not only to have water in reserve in case it is turned off, but also to collect rainwater. To purify water, you need a high-quality filter system. At the first stage, a rough cleaning is performed, and at the second, a fine one. The latter is more thorough and requires several security filters to be applied.

Using a tank in the plumbing system on the site is also very effective for plants, since water will be heated in it in summer if it is installed outside. Watering plants with warm water allows you to achieve the best fruiting crops. The dacha can also be equipped with a drip irrigation system if special hoses are connected to the tees.

Water supply at home is an objective condition for the normal living of its inhabitants. SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Consumer water consumption rate" regulates water consumption in the range from 80 to 230 liters. per day per person. Consumption depends on the availability of centralized water supply, sewerage, a bath or shower, the presence of a column for heating water and other factors.

In multi-storey and communal buildings, this issue is resolved by connecting to the central water supply system. For a private country house or cottage, you have to provide water supply yourself.

Of course, once you can bring water from external source in the amount of needs will not be difficult. But how to provide a family with water for a long time?

This article will help to solve this problem, in which the types of water supply, schemes, systems and methods for their construction are structured in detail. It also indicates the nuances of doing the main types of work with your own hands.

Types and methods of water supply of a private house

From the standpoint of the dependence of the source of water supply on external factors two main points can be distinguished different types delivery of water to the user:

Centralized water supply at home

In fact, the same autonomous, but within the region. In this case, the user does not need to take care of arranging the source of water supply. It is enough to connect (crash) to the central water main.

Connecting the house to the central water supply

All actions are reduced to the phased implementation of a number of requirements, including:

appeal to the regional municipal organization MPUVKH KP "Vodokanal" (Municipal enterprise "Department of water supply and sewerage"), which controls the central highway;

obtaining the technical characteristics of the tie-in. The document contains data on the place where the user's pipe system is connected to the main and its depth. In addition, the diameter of the main pipes is indicated there and, accordingly, instructions for choosing home piping. It also indicates the water pressure indicator (guaranteed water pressure);

get an estimate for connection, which is developed by a utility or contractor;

control the execution of work. Which are also commonly performed by UPKH;

perform a system test.

Advantages of central water supply: convenience, simplicity.

Disadvantages: fluctuations in water pressure, questionable quality of incoming water, dependence on central supplies, high cost of water.

Autonomous water supply at home

You can independently provide water supply to a summer house, private or country house using autonomous water supply. In fact, this is an integrated approach, which includes activities for the installation of a water supply system, starting with providing a source of water supply, ending with its discharge into the sewer.

An autonomous water supply system can be represented as two component subsystems:

water delivery: imported, groundwater, from an open source;

supply to consumption points: gravity, using a pump, with the arrangement of a pumping station.

Therefore, in a generalized form, two water supply schemes can be distinguished: gravity (storage tank with water) and automatic water supply.

Using the container (water tank)

The essence of the autonomous water supply scheme at home is that water is supplied to the tank using a pump or filled manually.

Water flows to the user by gravity. After all the water from the tank has been used, it is refilled to the maximum possible level.

Its simplicity speaks in favor of this method, it is suitable if water is required from time to time. For example, in a dacha that is not often visited or in a utility room.

Such a water supply scheme, despite its simplicity and cheapness, is too primitive, inconvenient and, moreover, creates significant weight on the interfloor (attic) floor. As a result, the system did not find widespread, more suitable as a temporary option.

Using the automatic water supply system

This diagram demonstrates the operation of a completely autonomous water supply system for a private house. Water is supplied to the system and to the user using a system of components.

It is about her that we will talk in more detail.

You can implement a completely autonomous water supply of a private house on your own by implementing one of the schemes. There are several device options to choose from:

1. Water from open sources

These can be surface sources: ponds, rivers, lakes. In some cases, such sources may be water purification systems. But, in our country they are not yet common.

Important! Water from most open sources is not suitable for drinking. It can only be used for irrigation or other technical needs.

Obtaining water from an open source requires the creation sanitary protection places of water intake and is regulated by the provisions of SanPiN 2.1.4.027-9 "Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and water supply systems for household and drinking purposes."

2. Water from underground sources: basins and aquifers

This water is, in most cases, suitable for consumption.

How to conduct water in a private house with your own hands

A step-by-step guide to choosing and installing water supply in a country cottage or in a country house from A to Z

The house water supply scheme consists of the following elements:

water source;
pipe system;
pump, hydraulic accumulator, automation relay;
filters;
fittings, valves, non-return valves and plumbing fixtures;
water heating equipment (for hot water supply);
sewerage.

Element 1. Water source

Starting to provide autonomous water supply, it is necessary to determine the source of water supply and equip it.

Among the subspecies of autonomous water supply with an underground source of water supply, there are:

1.1 ordinary well;

1.2 Abyssinian well;

1.3 well "on sand";

1.4 artesian well.

The final choice will depend on the type and characteristics of the soil, the depth of the water, and the productivity of the water vein.

1.1 Ordinary well

A traditional well is preferred when the water vein is at a depth of 4-15 m. These are the so-called interlayer water sources. In addition to the depth of occurrence, it is important to determine the performance of the core. The incoming water should be sufficient to meet the needs of the family and/or household. Through the well, it is possible to ensure the flow of water at the level of 500 liters / day.

The undoubted advantages of the well are:

independence from electricity supplies. So in the event of a power outage, water can be taken with a bucket;
long service life (up to 50 years), which is proven in practice;
low cost of work;
the simplicity of the device.

It should be noted that in view of the shallow depth of water intake, it may be of low quality. This is due to the probability of entering the well ground water. Also, the well is characterized by drops in water level.

Important! When equipping a well, you need to properly position it in terms of distance from ground buildings. It should not be located close to buildings, optimal distance- 5 m. (will prevent the erosion of the foundation of the building). At the same time, the distance to direct sources of pollution (gutter, toilet, other sources) should be at least 50 m.

To dig a well, you need to perform a number of actions:

take a water sample;

Important! Before you arrange a well on your site, try the water from your neighbors, or even better, hand it over for analysis. It may happen that the water will be unusable and all efforts will be in vain.

obtain a conclusion on the quality of the soil and the depth of the aquifer. In practice, wells are often dug "by eye";

determine where to dig the well. To do this, you can attract specialists, use special devices - indicator frames. And you can watch the dew for several months. The largest accumulation of dew in a certain place indicates the proximity of water;

choose building material for finishing the walls of the well (mine). The most commonly used materials for this purpose are:

Reinforced concrete rings, which are made in factories or cast independently. Their diameter is 1-1.5 m.p., and the estimated service life is up to 50 years. The obvious advantage of using rings is the possibility of deepening up to 20 m, high speed and greater work safety. In addition, rings are installed as work progresses;

Small-piece materials: brick, rubble stone. This material is suitable only for wells with a depth of no more than 3-4 m. Its use significantly increases the complexity of the work;

Processed logs. To finish the shaft, wells are suitable for logs made of wood that is resistant to staying in conditions high humidity. These include oak, larch, pine. The diameter of the logs must be at least 120 mm.

dig a well shaft. To reduce the cost of work, this is usually done manually. You can determine the size of the mine in this way: measure the diameter of the concrete circles, measure their thickness and add 10-15 cm to the backfill. Then, with a circle diameter of 1 m and a thickness of 10 cm, the shaft diameter will be 1.4 m. If you plan to use another material, for example, brick, then it is enough to indicate the desired well diameter and add two material thicknesses to it;

finish the well - internal and external.

1.2 Abyssinian well

Water supply of a country house Abyssinian well or wells-needles the easiest way to get water from minimal cost. To do this, just follow a series of actions:

check the water
choose a place under the well;
hammer a well-needle;
install a check valve and a pump (manual or automatic).

The reason for the increased popularity of wells is the purity of the incoming water, tightness, ease of drilling, the ability to connect a pump, and a long service life (up to 30 years), a significant amount of incoming water - more than 1000 l / day. Among the disadvantages are the shallow depth of clogging and dependence on the composition of the soil.

1.3 Well "on the sand"

In this case, water also comes from interstratal sources. The sand well makes it possible to obtain more clean water, since the aquifers are located after the loam filtering the water.

Thus, a well is used if the depth of the aquifer reaches 40 m.

The well has a shorter service life (up to 10 years) and allows you to get up to 50 cubic meters. water per day. The well is distinguished by ease of drilling, less excavation.

A detailed description of how to make a well with graphic visualization is presented in the video

1.4 Artesian well

Allows you to use water from considerable depths. The depth of the well reaches 150 m, which makes it possible to obtain high quality water. The unlimited supply of water is also an argument in favor of an artesian well. At the same time, the service life of the well increases compared to the previous option up to 50 years.

The method of drilling an artesian well is identical to the previous one. The only difference is what is applied mechanical way drilling: auger, rotary, core or shock-rope. The design of the well is shown in the diagram.

Important! According to the law, artesian water is a strategic reserve of the state. Therefore, there is a need to register an artesian well.

Element 2. Pipes for water supply

Water supply cannot be organized without the installation of an extensive pipe system, both external and internal, and a water tank.

For wiring, galvanized, polyethylene, polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes are used.

Important! Using plastic pipes will prevent rust and leakage. They are also more comfortable to give desired shape. Estimated service life of a polypropylene pipe is 50 years.

External pipes are laid in the ground.

Important! The depth of pipe laying depends on the level of soil freezing (indicated in SNiPs, for middle lane Russian depth is about 1.5 m.). Pipes are located below this value. In this case, the system is not threatened by freezing and, as a result, deformation.

Advice. To prevent stagnation of water in the pipe, it must be laid at an angle to the house.

Next, one end of the pipe is inserted into the house (for this, a hole is left in the foundation into which a steel pipe is placed. It will prevent the water supply pipe from deforming if the house shrinks). The second one is lowered into the well.

Element 3. Pump or pumping station for water supply

The pump can be installed in the house (basement or utility room)

And it can be installed in a caisson or pit (directly above the well). The diagram shows the installation of a submersible pump and a surface pump in the caisson.

To get a caisson, you need to dig a hole 2-3 m deep. Lay a sand-gravel cushion on the bottom and fill it with concrete. It is convenient to lay out the walls with bricks. A pump is installed in the caisson, and the contour of the caisson is poured with concrete (a layer of about 0.4 m).

There are two types of pumps:

Submersible pumps. They are immersed in water (a well, a well) and raise water. For convenience, these pumps are equipped with automation, which allows you to pump water from home.

surface pumps. They are pumping stations equipped with a hydraulic accumulator and a relay.

The hydraulic accumulator performs the functions of a water tower.

Relay - regulates the pressure of the pumping station.

The principle of operation of the surface pump

The principle of operation is as follows: the pump supplies water to the accumulator, which accumulates it. After the water is turned on in the house, the pressure in the system decreases. After reaching a critical level of 2.2 bar, the relay turns on, which in turn turns on the pump. The pump supplies water to the accumulator until the pressure is restored at around 3 bar. After that, the relay turns off the pump.

You can choose a pump based on the following data:

depth of water (bottom of a well or well);
the height of the water in the source shaft;
height of the draw point;
the volume of water consumed (m.cube).

The water intake pipe of the pump is lowered into the source. To avoid clogging of the pipe, filters are installed on its edge.

Important! The pipe is installed at a distance of 20-40 cm from the bottom (gravel pad). The distance is determined by the height of the water at the source.

Advice. So that the pipe in a traditional well does not move, it must be fixed to a special pin located at the bottom.

Element 4. Filters for the water supply system

Cleaning the water entering the pipe system is an important aspect of the water supply at home. Two types of filters are used for cleaning:

The first is installed on the edge of the pipe placed in the well. It purifies water from mechanical impurities;

The second is directly in the house and can be a complex multi-stage filter system. The scheme of water purification in the figure.

Element 5. Fittings, valves and plumbing

These are the elements that are necessary for hermetically connecting pipes to each other and to other devices.

Important! To prevent rupture of the system and water leakage, try to use only high-quality shut-off valves.

Plumbing fixtures include faucets, drain cisterns, water locks (siphons). Don't skimp on their quality either.

Element 6. Water heating equipment

They will be needed if there is a need for hot water supply, i.e. almost always.

Important! To equip hot water supply, it is necessary to provide for a separate outlet to the heater.

In this case, there are several options for choosing heating equipment:

double boiler. It will simultaneously heat water for heating and domestic needs;

single boiler. Designed exclusively for heating water for the needs of users. A boiler is required for such a boiler. In this case, the boiler can be accumulative or flowing. In the first case, it becomes possible to heat a large volume of water;

electric storage water heater, which allows to satisfy the need for hot water of a significant number of users;

several instantaneous water heaters. They will heat water for each consumer separately. Such a system allows more rational use of electricity for heating water.

Element 7. Sewerage

After the place for draining the used water is determined, the process of arranging the water supply can be considered complete.

Water drainage is a mandatory component and the more water is consumed, the more it needs to be diverted. So you need to approach this stage responsibly. There are also two options here:

crash into the central sewer;

arrange your own autonomous sewerage. A septic tank or septic tank is designed to collect water. Concrete and plastic septic tanks are shown in the photo. And their volume and quantity (total volume) depends on the amount of water consumed.

The video substantiates the rules for the construction of a septic tank for a country house.

The process of water supply from design to construction is shown in the video

Conclusion

As you can see, there are different water supply schemes for a private house, from simple to complex, respectively, some will cost less, while others will cost more. Also, the cost of water supply is affected by the structural solidity, i.e. you will need a water supply device that works periodically (temporarily) or year-round - in winter and summer. In any case, the implementation of each system is possible with your own hands, but requires knowledge and skills.

Plumbing in the country is a vital necessity. Without water it is impossible to get a normal harvest, it is impossible to live a single day. Do-it-yourself plumbing in the country is relatively easy to install. The main difficulties, as always, with finances. If they are, then it is not difficult to buy everything you need.

How to make a water network?

Do-it-yourself plumbing in the country is done based on the following considerations:

If a person is at their summer cottage only during the warm period, then you can build summer plumbing, which in the cold season will be completely removed or preserved.
If a person visits a summer cottage in the winter, then a full-scale scheme for installing water supply and sewerage should be applied, which will allow the use of winter water supply in the country.

The main thing is that a pipe of the central water supply or a well should come to the site. If not, then you will have to fork out to create a source of water. It is best then to call a brigade that is engaged in drilling wells. The depth of the structure should be at least 120-200 m, then the performance of the pumps will allow you to get up to 10 cubic meters of water per hour. If it's too big then simple well 15-30 m will provide a country house with a plot of approximately 1.5 cubic meters. m of water. It all depends on the area occupied by the suburban area.

After the owner has decided and the water has appeared on the site, you can start harvesting materials and tools. If summer water supply is installed in the country, then you must do the following:

On the construction market you need to choose pipes for water supply or thick-walled hoses.
Purchase all the necessary plumbing fittings and tools.

After that, you can begin to mount the plumbing with your own hands.

Required plumbing work

How to make plumbing in the country? To do this, you must first draw up a plan for the passage of summer water pipes throughout the site. The system is used for watering plants and introduced into a country house for technical needs. If there is a well on the site, then a pumping unit is lowered there, from the exit of which plastic pipes begin to be laid.

But first, a special pipeline exit is made - a straight line, which should have a depth of about 1 m, and its dimensions are 700x700 mm. It is better to concrete its bottom and walls and cover with an antiseptic. This is necessary so that, if necessary, it is possible to remove the pump from the well. Electrical cable must connect the unit to a protected, moisture-proof socket.

If there is little time for arranging a summer cottage, then in order to create a summer water supply in the country, you can do it quite simply. To do this, purchase hoses and fittings - twins or tees. From them, right on the ground, they assemble the simplest network for water, which in winter can simply be quickly dismantled and put in a barn until spring. You can also use special "ruffs" with latches and use them to assemble the desired water network from the hoses.

But if the owner does not plan to dismantle the entire structure for the winter, then it is better to make it out of plastic using a soldering iron for plastic pipes.

After connecting all the details (angles, tees, valves) according to the plan and entering a half-inch pipe into the house through a special hole, a mixer is installed there. In places where plants are watered, a special fitting can be provided at the end of the pipe for rubber hose. The laying of the summer version, which will provide water supply to the cottage, can be carried out independently. To do this, they dig shallow trenches (30 cm deep) and lay the entire pipeline in them according to the plan. All its parts should be laid with a slight slope, and a drain valve should be installed at one of the ends. It is needed so as not to leave water in the pipes for the winter period, otherwise they will burst in the cold.

You can choose to install watering a polyethylene sleeve that will supply water to the grooves around the beds. In order not to trip over plastic pipes or hoses, you can dig shallow grooves for them, drowning and covering the entire network with earth.

To install a country water supply that can withstand severe frosts, it is necessary to choose thicker-walled plastic pipes. Such a water supply system with your own hands can be built in a few days.

To do this, you must first lay ditches with a depth of at least 50-60 cm according to the developed plan. Then they lower and assemble the water supply network with all the necessary elements into the trench. They make special exits for taps with fittings, which should be on the surface of the earth. After that, you can wrap the plastic heat-insulating material and cover the pipeline with earth.

A pipe is introduced into the house from the bottom of the foundation, for this a special heat-insulated hole is made. Sewer pipes must be taken from the house to the place where cesspool. They are installed with an inclination so that wastewater can flow out by gravity. The depth of these pipes is about 50 cm.

Such country water supply will allow you to have an uninterrupted supply of water all winter.

What do you need to have for a water supply in the country?

Necessary materials, tools, equipment:

Low-pressure polyethylene pipes for sewerage.
Plastic water pipes.
Rubber hoses, metal or plastic fittings.
Well pump unit.
Plumbing fittings (tees, elbows, gaskets, valves, faucets).
Shovel, measuring tool, crowbar.
Soldering unit for welding plastic pipes.

During earthworks, a small shovel and a crowbar work effectively in country conditions. No need to skimp on the creation of a well - it will last 15-20 years with proper operation and constant cleaning. The main thing is not to rush. It is necessary to draw up a detailed plan for the location of valves, outlet fittings, calculate the required amount of plumbing fittings, and only then get down to business.

H the need for plumbing in the country or personal plot obvious. Here we will consider how to make plumbing in the country / garden with your own hands, and taking into account the operation at different times of the year.

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For plumbing, you can use plastic pipes with soldered joints or special plastic fittings. For soldering, a special electric soldering iron is used. It is not very expensive, about 2000 rubles, and in addition, specialized stores selling pipes and accessories for and often provide rental services for such soldering irons. To lay the pipeline, a soldering iron will be needed for no more than one day. A soldering iron is not needed to connect fittings; such connections can be assembled, as they say, “with bare hands”.

For an ordinary dacha, pipes with a diameter of twenty, in extreme cases, twenty-five millimeters, are quite enough.

Do-it-yourself summer plumbing

First, consider the plumbing device, which is supposed to be operated only in summer period years, that is, summer water supply in the country, garden, garden plot. Such a water supply is mainly used for watering plants, connecting summer shower, current household needs. In winter, its operation is not provided. Summer water supply can be both permanent and collapsible.

The most common summer water supply in the country is pipes (hoses) lying directly on the ground. You can make such a water supply from ordinary silicone or rubber hoses, which are connected to each other by adapters. Connecting adapters are commercially available, they are made of plastic (see photo) or galvanized steel (the latter are better, but more expensive). On sale there are also special latches. On the one hand, they have "ruffs" on which the hose is put on, and the other side is a convenient spring-loaded connector, such latches are connected and disconnected in one movement and provide reliable joint. As you can see, there is no difficulty, the only thing when buying hoses is to buy thick-walled rubber reinforced with nylon fibers. Such a hose is more expensive than plastic, but it will last fifteen years, at least.

For a permanent summer water supply scheme in the country, do-it-yourself pipes are laid in the ground, bringing only water taps to the surface. The depth of the pipes is not great, it is enough just to cover them with earth a little so as not to stumble and, of course, to protect them from theft in the absence of the owners.

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