Download ppt "First Space Flight" Presentation "The first flight into space"

First flight to space
April 12, 1961 happened
what people dreamed about. Man
broke the shackles of the earth
gravity and flew into
space.
This person is Yuri.
Alekseevich Gagarin - citizen
THE USSR. How was this flight prepared?
After launching the world's first
artificial satellite for everyone
it became clear that the flight of man in
space is not so much
distant future. For
flight into space prepared
ships, spring 1960
the first flight model of the ship
was ready. Ships were created
so was the development of the rocket,
because for human flight in
space required a rocket
more powerful than that
launched the first satellite.

October 4, 1957
The first artificial earth satellite

Satellite types

Yuri Gagarin was born on 9
March 1934 in the village
Klushino Gzhatsky district
Smolensk region.
Parents - hereditary Smolensk
peasants, collective farmers.
In 1941 he began to study at the secondary
school in the village of Klushino, but study
interrupted by the war. After graduation
war, the Gagarin family moved to
Gzhatsk, where Yuri continued to study in
secondary school.
(1934-1968)

In 1951 he graduated with honors
vocational school near Moscow
the city of Lyubertsy, having received
the specialty of a molder-caster, and at the same time a school
working youth. In the same year
continued his studies in Saratov
industrial college, which
graduated in 1955.
. On December 9, 1959, Gagarin wrote
application for enrollment in
group of astronaut candidates. Already
a week later he was called to Moscow for
comprehensive
medical examination.
March 3, 1960 by order
Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force
K.A. Vershinina Yuri was enrolled in
group of candidates for cosmonauts, and from 11
March started training.
"He said let's go!"

The day came April 12, 1961. And
TASS reports: "April 12, 1961
years in the Soviet Union
launched into orbit around the earth
the world's first space
satellite ship Vostok
person on board. Pilot-
the cosmonaut of the Vostok satellite spacecraft is a citizen
Union of Soviet Socialist
Republic Pilot Major Yuri Gagarin
Alexeyevich. space launch
multi-stage rocket passed
successfully, and after dialing the first
space velocity and separation from
the last stage of the launch vehicle
satellite ship started free
flight in orbit around the Earth ... C
cosmonaut comrade Gagarin
installed and supported
two way radio...

The first flight lasted only 108 minutes,
but these minutes were destined to be
stellar. When the good news
circled the Earth in a matter of hours, Yuri
Gagarin was already a citizen of the world.
Courage and fearlessness of a simple Russian
a guy with a wide smile conquered all
humanity.

The following years were very
tense in the life of Gagarin. Lot
took time and effort to prepare
new space flights and study at the academy.
December 20, 1963 Gagarin was appointed
Deputy Head of the Training Center
astronauts.
One of those who began to prepare for the flight to
The moon, and Gagarin became. For this it was
need to learn to fly space
Soyuz ship.
March 27, 1968 the world learned about the terrible
tragedy - the death of the first cosmonaut of the planet.
It happened in the sky of the Vladimir region near
Novoselovo village. Yuri Gagarin made
training flight with instructor, Hero
Soviet Union Vladimir Seregin.
Shortly before his death, Gagarin turned 34
of the year.

Y. GAGARIN

BUT THE FIRST "COSMONAUTS"
There were animals
First
detachment
astronauts

Flight suit
Space suits for dogs astronauts

Space suits for dogs astronauts

Participants of the space flight

Laika
Star
Wind and Coal

Belka and Strelka

Belka and Strelka became the first
biocosmonauts, safely
returning to earth

The astronauts were not only
men, but also women.
Women astronauts 50
Human…
Valentine
Tereshkova
Elena
Kondakova
Svetlana
Savitskaya

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky

Founder
astronautics and
rocket science
Substantiated
possibility
use
rockets to fly
space
space, to
other planets
solar system.

Friedrich Arturovich Zander (1887 - 1933)

Soviet scientist and
inventor in
areas of theory
interplanetary
flights, jet
engines.

Yuri Vasilyevich Kondratyuk (1897 - 1942)

Suggested when flying
to other planets
take the ship to
its orbit
artificial satellite
To place a person on
another planet and
return to ship
apply a small
runway
ship

First flight to space.

Since ancient times, people have looked at the sky and dreamed of flying like birds. Some daredevils tied makeshift wings and jumped from bell towers or rocks, others invented hot air balloons, and finally airplanes and airplanes.

But it was only in the 20th century that it was possible to fly to the stars, into airless space, overcoming the gravity of the earth. And it happened in Russia (then the country was called the USSR - the Soviet Union).

There is no clear boundary between the Earth and space, and the International Aviation Federation has adopted a boundary height of 100 km from the Earth's surface.

Only 100 km up and you are in space, but…

In order for the aircraft to take off from the Earth, it must be accelerated to the first cosmic speed - 7.9 km per second. Nobody in the world could do it. And October 4, 1957. Russian scientists led by General Designer Sergei Korolev

launched into orbit (into space) the first artificial Earth satellite PS-1. The launch date is considered the beginning of the space age of mankind, and in Russia it is celebrated as a memorable day for the Space Forces.

In addition to Gagarin, there were also contenders for the first flight into space; there were twenty of them in all. Candidates were recruited precisely among fighter pilots by the decision of Korolev, who believed that such pilots already had experience of overloads, stressful situations and pressure drops. Six out of twenty applicants were selected

Detachment of cosmonauts: Yu.A. Gagarin, G.S. Titov, A.G. Nikolaev, P.R. Popovich, V.F. Bykovsky, V.V. Tereshkova, K.P. Feoktistov, V.M. Komarov, B.B. Egorov. Star City, 1963

The one who will fly into space was determined at the last moment, they were Yuri Gagarin and his understudy German Titov (after 4 months he became cosmonaut No. 2).

It was on April 12, 1961 that a man made the first flight into space in history. This flight was performed by Yuri Gagarin. It became possible only thanks to the selfless work of Soviet scientists and engineers.

On April 12, 1961, an event took place that will remain in the memory of all subsequent generations of people.

This flight was performed by Yuri Gagarin. It became possible only thanks to the selfless work of Soviet scientists and engineers. Yuri Gagarin's flight into space was made on the Vostok spacecraft, whose weight was 4730 kg. Vostok was launched into space using a three-stage launch vehicle.

The maximum distance of the ship's orbit from the Earth's surface was 327 km.

Slide #10

Vostok-1 descent module

became the first spacecraft of the Vostok program aimed at manned flights.

Slide #11

The question is often asked about how long Gagarin's flight lasted. It did not last long at all - only 108 minutes. However, the air and food supplies on board the Vostok would allow spending 10 days in space. During this flight, some of the most important tasks were resolved:

testing of all ship systems;
study of the impact of weightlessness on the human body;
study of the impact of flight on the psychological and physiological state of a person.

Before the flight

Slide #12

The only stage of the flight that went as planned was the ejection of the astronaut and his subsequent successful landing at a short distance from the spacecraft.

During the flight, many difficult situations arose. There was a failure on the communication line, the tightness sensor did not work, for a long time there was no

the aggregate compartment was separated, the suit jammed.

Slide #13

When Vostok-1 went into orbit, Gagarin said: “I see the horizon, the horizon of the Earth is floating up. But there are no stars in the sky. The earth's surface, the earth's surface is visible through the porthole. The sky is black, and along the edge of the Earth, along the edge of the horizon, there is such a beautiful blue halo, which is darker away from the Earth.

What the first cosmonaut saw when he went into orbit is evidenced by the full transcript of his conversations with the Earth.

Slide #14

Due to a failure in the braking system, the descent vehicle with Gagarin landed not in the planned area 110 km from Stalingrad, but in the Saratov region near the village of Smelovka. The astronaut was wearing a bright orange spacesuit to make it easier to detect, because the fields were still covered with melted April snow.

Slide #15

The first people who met the astronaut after the flight were the forester's wife Anna Akimovna Takhtarova and her six-year-old granddaughter Rita. Soon the military from the division and local collective farmers arrived at the scene. One group of military men guarded the descent vehicle, while the other group took Gagarin to the location of the unit.

slide 2

First cosmonaut

The first pilot-cosmonaut was 27-year-old Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, his understudy was German Stepanovich Titov.

slide 3

The first flight

On April 12, 1961, for the first time in the history of mankind, Yuri Gagarin flew into space on the Vostok spacecraft. The flight lasted 1 hour 48 minutes.

slide 4

spaceport

Kazakhstan. Baikonur Cosmodrome. It was founded in 1955. The first artificial satellite of the Earth was launched from here in 1957, the first Vostok spacecraft with a man on board in 1961, and many other spacecraft and orbital stations.

slide 5

First female astronaut

On June 16, 1963, the world's first female cosmonaut, Valentina Tereshkova, made a flight into space. The flight on the Vostok-6 spacecraft lasted 70 hours and 50 minutes. The ship made 48 revolutions around the Earth. At the same time, the Vostok-5 spacecraft, piloted by Valery Bykovsky, was in low Earth orbit.

slide 6

Merit Awards

For the perfect flight, Yuri Gagarin was awarded the highest state award of the USSR - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and many other awards. He became an honorary citizen of 16 cities around the world. A crater on the Moon and a minor planet were named after Gagarin. Valentina Tereshkova, as the first female cosmonaut, was also awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and many other awards. She became an honorary citizen of 14 cities around the world. A crater on the moon bears her name.

Slide 7

Exit to outer space

Alexei Leonov, who made his first spacewalk on March 18, 1965. Leonov's spacewalk. Drawing made by the astronaut himself.

Slide 8

Sergey Krikalev

Russian cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev made six space flights: four on the Soviet Soyuz spacecraft, two on the American Endeavor and Discovery. He spent 803 days 09 hours 41 minutes in space. Eight times he went into outer space. In the airless space, Krikalev spent 41 hours and 26 minutes.

Slide 9

American astronaut

American astronaut Jerry Lyn Ross was the first to make seven space flights, spending 58 days in orbit. He made five flights on the Atlantis ships, one on the Columby, once on the Endeavor ship, together with Sergei Krikalev. Nine times he went into outer space. In total, the time of his work in space was 58 hours.

Explanatory note.

Prepared by:

Gugnina Yu.S.

primary school teacher

MBOU secondary school No. 64 of Novosibirsk

Goals:

1. To acquaint students with the history of space exploration and the first cosmonauts, broaden their horizons by popularizing knowledge about achievements in the field of astronautics.

2. To instill interest in the study of space and the history of astronautics.

3. Cultivate a sense of patriotism and citizenship.

The presentation is dedicated to the first manned flight into space. It can be used as an addition to the classroom or extracurricular activities.

The presentation is automatic. During the change of slides, the teacher can read the written facts slowly.

On the5 slide MP3 recording starts automatically.

9 slide . On this slide, the song “What a guy he was” (music by A. Pakhmutova, lyrics by N. Dobronravov) is turned on automatically and sounds for 3 minutes 11 seconds. During this time, the teacher can change Yu. Gagarin's photos with a click.

slide 1

The first manned flight into space Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin (1934-1968)

slide 2

"Attention! Attention! Moscow speaking! All the radio stations of the Soviet Union are working! .. ”- this is how the announcer of the all-Union radio, Yuri Levitan, began his message on April 12, 1961. This message about the first manned flight into space marked the beginning of a new era in the history of mankind - the beginning of manned astronautics.

slide 3

Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin Born on March 9, 1934 in the city of Gzhatsk, Smolensk Region. April 12, 1961 The first of earthlings made a space flight on the Vostok spacecraft. Starting from April 12, 1962, the Day of Gagarin's flight into space was declared a holiday - Cosmonautics Day.

slide 4

Flight. The Vostok spacecraft was launched at 09:07 on April 12, 1961 Moscow time from the Baikonur cosmodrome. Having completed one revolution around the Earth at 10:55:34 at 108 minutes, the spacecraft completed its planned flight (one second earlier than planned.

slide 5

slide 6

Initially, no one planned a grand meeting of Gagarin in Moscow. Everything was decided at the last moment by Nikita Khrushchev. A huge crowd greeted the first cosmonaut. Gagarin stood to his full height in the open car and greeted everyone. Congratulations were heard all around. Nikita Khrushchev on Red Square presented Yu.A. Gagarin with the Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union.

Slide 7

Tragic death After flying into space, Gagarin studied at the Air Force Engineering Academy. N.E. Zhukovsky and therefore did not have flying practice for some time. He made his first independent flight after a break in early December 1967. On March 27, 1968, he died under unclear circumstances near the village of Novoselovo, Vladimir Region, during one of the training flights. He was buried near the Kremlin wall on Red Square.

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Slides captions:

THE FIRST MAN IN SPACE. The presentation was made by the primary school teacher of the Moscow State Budgetary Educational Institution School of Health No. 384 named after D.K. Korneev Smirnov oy D.M.

Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin was born on March 9, 1934, in the village of Klushino, Gzhatsky district, Western region of the RSFSR (now Gagarinsky district, Smolensk region).

Yuri Gagarin's childhood passed in the village of Klushino. On September 1, 1941, the boy went to school, but on October 12 the Germans occupied the village, and his studies were interrupted. For almost a year and a half, the village of Klushino was occupied by German troops. On April 9, 1943, the village was liberated by the Red Army, and schooling resumed.

In August 1951, Gagarin entered the Saratov Industrial College, and on October 25, 1954, he first came to the Saratov Flying Club. In 1955, Yuri Gagarin achieved significant success, graduated with honors and made the first solo flight on a Yak-18 aircraft. In total, Yuri Gagarin performed 196 flights at the flying club and flew 42 hours 23 minutes at the Saratov Industrial College.

On October 27, 1955, Gagarin was drafted into the Soviet Army of the USSR Armed Forces and sent to Chkalov (now Orenburg), to the 1st Military Aviation Pilot School named after K.E. Voroshilov. He studied under the then-famous test pilot Ya. Sh. Akbulatov. In 1957, Gagarin graduated from college with honors. 1st Military Aviation School named after K.E. Voroshilov

In 1957 he married Valentina Ivanovna Goryacheva. In Orenburg, in the house where Valentina's family lived, the Apartment Museum of Yuri and Valentina Gagarin was subsequently opened.

On December 9, 1959, Gagarin wrote a report asking him to be included in the group of cosmonaut candidates. A week later, he was called to Moscow to undergo a comprehensive medical examination at the Central Research Aviation Hospital. At the beginning of the next year, another special medical board followed, which recognized Senior Lieutenant Gagarin as fit for space flight.

On March 3, 1960, by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, Konstantin Andreyevich Vershinin, he was included in the group of candidates for cosmonauts, and on March 11, Gagarin and his family left for a new place of military service. On March 25, regular classes began under the cosmonaut training program.

On April 12, 1961, the Vostok spacecraft with pilot-cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin on board was launched for the first time in the world from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Gagarin's call sign was "Kedr". For this flight, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and the military rank of major ahead of schedule (he took off in the rank of senior lieutenant).

In orbit, Gagarin conducted the simplest experiments: he drank, ate, made notes with a pencil. "Putting" the pencil next to him, he accidentally discovered that he instantly began to float away. From this, Gagarin concluded that it is better to tie pencils and other objects in space. He recorded all his feelings and observations on the on-board tape recorder.

The ship "Vostok-1" made a revolution around the Earth, flying 40,200 kilometers, and then landed. True, at the moment of touching the ground, Gagarin was no longer in the cockpit of the ship. At an altitude of 7 km, in accordance with the flight plan, Gagarin ejected, after which the capsule and the astronaut began to parachute separately. Having completed one revolution around the Earth, at 10:55:34 at 108 minutes the ship completed its flight. Due to a failure in the braking system, the descent vehicle with Gagarin landed not in the planned area 110 km from Stalingrad, but in the Saratov region, not far from Engels near the village of Smelovka.

Vostok-1, capsule after landing

Meeting Gagarin on Earth after the flight.

Note by Yuri Gagarin, written after the flight around the Earth.

Thank you for your attention!