Features of choosing a varnish for a floor from a pine board. How to varnish a wooden floor? Lacquer for soft woods

Choosing a varnish for a pine board floor is a very responsible procedure. This is due to the fact that not only appearance floor base but also its service life. The unique composition of this coating allows you to reliably protect wood from many external factors: mechanical and chemical damage, mold, fungus, etc.

Today, wood varnishes are presented in a wide range on the construction market. Both domestic and foreign companies are engaged in their production. Therefore, it is quite difficult for an ordinary user to choose the optimal composition. Let's take a look at what to consider when buying pine floorboard varnish.

Varnishes are widely used for processing various surfaces. It can be decorative wooden products, furniture, countertops, racks and much more. However, the most common area of use is the painting of the floorboard. The great popularity of the paintwork is due not only to its excellent protective properties, but also to the fact that it allows you to emphasize the natural beauty of wood and give it an unforgettable appearance.

The main criteria for choosing a varnish for a floorboard are the operating conditions of the floor. In most compositions, one property significantly predominates over the others. Therefore, when buying, you need to decide what is more important for you - wear resistance or moisture resistance, etc. So, for a bathroom, it is recommended to give preference to an alkyd or polyurethane-based material, for a hallway, a mixture with increased abrasion resistance would be the best option. For the children's room and bedroom, the main condition is environmental safety, therefore, water-based varnishes are suitable for floor treatment in these rooms, since they do not emit into space during operation. harmful substances.

Also, do not ignore the type of old coating. The fact is that some types of varnishes, when layered on top of each other, lose their aesthetic and operational properties. For example, the surface of a floorboard treated with different compositions may become blistered or cracked. To prevent this from happening, you should know how the floor was treated earlier, or before painting, clean the base from the old finish.

Floor varnishes from boards

To finish the wooden floor, you can use the following types of paints and varnishes:

alkyd;
acrylic;
water;
primers;
polyurethane.

The main component of alkyd varnishes used for oak or other types of wood are natural resins, due to which such compounds penetrate deeply into the structure of the material, reliably protecting it from various kinds of damage. Alkyd varnishes are resistant to unstable temperature conditions and high humidity, so they are perfect for painting the floor in the bathroom. Their main disadvantage is the long drying time. Therefore, in the room where Finishing work You need to open all doors and windows. The service life of the acrylic coating is no more than 4 years.

Acrylic varnishes are composed of synthetic resins and inorganic solvents, so when setting they give off a specific smell. Pine floor boards covered with such material will be reliably protected from abrasion and other mechanical influences. To increase the strength of the base, acrylic varnish is recommended to be applied in several layers.

Water-based paints and varnishes are absolutely safe for human body, therefore they have found their application in the processing of boardwalk in bedrooms and children's rooms. Another advantage of such mixtures is incombustibility, so they are allowed to be used even in rooms that have special requirements in terms of fire safety.

Primer mixtures are usually used to improve the adhesive characteristics of the treated surface. Before using such a varnish, you should find out if it is compatible with the existing decorative coating. For example, a water composition cannot be applied to an oil one and vice versa, otherwise the floor will be covered with ugly spots. The service life of a wooden floor finished with a primer varnish is more than 10 years.

As for polyurethane products, their main advantage is wear resistance. Therefore, they are often used for varnishing the floor in rooms with high traffic.

Lacquering the wooden floor with your own hands

Before processing a pine board wood base, some preparatory work. First, all furniture and other interior items that will interfere with you are taken out of the room. Then cracks and chips on the floor are filled with putty on wood. After it dries, the entire surface is carefully sanded, cleaned of dust and wiped with a damp cloth.

At the next stage, the prepared floor boards are treated with a primer mixture, which allows increasing the adhesion of the paintwork, thereby improving its mechanical properties. After the primer has dried, you can proceed directly to varnishing.

Lacquer is applied with a conventional brush, roller or sprayer. There is also a professional tool that allows you to achieve better coverage. Such devices include a metal spatula, a squeegee and a filling machine. It is recommended to start painting work from the wall opposite from the door, so as not to block your exit from the room.

When buying varnish for a wooden floor, it is necessary to take into account the conditions of its operation. Only the right material will allow you to achieve a truly amazing result that will delight you for many years.

Pine wood flooring- a guarantee of quality and comfort.

The quality of the repair in the apartment depends on many factors. One of them is the right choice of flooring. Now there are many practical and easy-to-install and use artificial materials. But natural wood flooring never goes out of style. Processed pine boards are especially in demand. Their popularity is achieved by many indicators.

How pine floor boards are made

Pine- an excellent building material. Houses are built from it and various lumber is made, which is necessary for finishing and arranging buildings from the outside and from the inside. Responsible Producers wooden products perform a complex of works on harvesting, drying, sizing, culling and processing of natural wood.

On the special machines pine logs are cut into boards of certain sizes, the edges are trimmed. The resulting products are thoroughly dried so that subsequently they do not warp and turn blue on the floor. Among finished products there are boards with a large number of knots, flaws in the relief. They are used to create a subfloor. Conditional material is subjected to chips, grinding, ideally align the edges and impregnate special formulations protecting it from decay and insect invasion.

When heated strongly, pine boards emit resin. To avoid this during operation, they are varnished, mastic or painted. Processed wooden planks for flooring made of natural pine have qualities that make them in demand in the construction market.

Benefits of pine flooring

Natural pine wood floor is a cover with many advantages.

It is characterized by high environmental friendliness: natural material does not emit harmful substances and does not pollute the air with toxins. On the contrary, pine is able to purify space. She absorbs unpleasant odors and preserves them inside, releasing a pleasant aroma.
Natural wood flooring has a positive effect on human health. Regular walking barefoot on it helps to avoid joint disease. If you lie down on a pine floor for at least half an hour, fatigue and physical stress will go away.
Pine boards are one of the strongest, most reliable and durable materials. They withstand external influences well. If they are painted or varnished and periodically updated with a cosmetic finish, then they will stand for decades.
Pine floors are excellent at retaining heat. With their proper arrangement, the apartment will always have comfortable temperature and your feet won't get cold even in winter. And children on such a surface can safely play and crawl.
Even without staining, a pine wood floor looks attractive. Natural pattern and color create a positive psychological mood and an atmosphere of comfort.
Of all the species, pine wood is the most accessible and inexpensive. Therefore, it is bought for the construction of a rough and finishing floor.

Video how to distinguish a Christmas tree board from a pine tree

Pine wood floor installation

The wooden floor in the house can be single or double.

Single pine floor

A wooden floor made of pine boards, laid out in one flooring, is arranged in summer houses and at cottages. In winter, it will let heat through, and it will be uncomfortable to live in a room with such a coating. To mount such a floor, take thick boards or pine bars. They will perform the function of the lag. A tongue-and-groove pine board 40-50 mm thick is laid on them and screwed to the supporting parts with self-tapping screws. Linoleum is laid on top or the canvas is painted with floor paint.

Double pine wood floor

Double pine wood floor arrange in residential buildings. It allows you to keep warm at any time of the year. When creating an additional heat-insulating layer from modern synthetic materials, such a coating will become even more comfortable for the inhabitants of the living space.

Pine double floor installation- a labor-intensive process that requires certain working skills and material costs. However, such building construction the most durable and reliable and cannot be compared with a single-layer coating.

The double wooden floor consists of rough and finish decking.

For the first, you can use pine boards, substandard, second-rate condition. They are attached to the logs, which are installed between the ceilings at a distance of 40-80 cm from each other. The width of the step between the supporting, wooden blocks depends on the thickness of the boards used for the coating. The thicker they are, the greater the distance between the supports. Usually, pine boards 15-50 mm thick are used for rough flooring.

In a draft, wooden floor, minor gaps and gaps between the canvases are allowed. This is necessary so that the individual parts "breathe" freely. During operation, natural pine wood can shrink from cold and expand from heat or moisture. Therefore, it needs a certain freedom. Wooden strips are nailed to the logs or screwed with self-tapping screws.

Between the rough and finish flooring, the craftsmen recommend fixing waterproofing. This will protect the pine boards from moisture and extend their service life. For pine products, this is very important, since they do not have super density and can swell.

Such protective layer can be made from ordinary film and special polyethylene foam sheets, which are sold on construction markets. The film is overlapped, and the edges are fastened with adhesive tape. Small allowances are left at the walls and also fixed with adhesive tape.

A finished wooden floor is made from well-finished, absolutely smooth and even tongue-and-groove pine boards. In installation, this is the most comfortable material. Before you start laying a pine board, you must place it in the room where the repair is being carried out. She is given three days to "lie down" and "adjust" to room temperature and humidity.

Pine boards of a fine wooden floor are laid across the rough flooring. A gap is created along the walls around the entire perimeter of the room. Subsequently, it will protect the coating from deformation. At the final stage of the floor device, the plinth will mask it. To maintain the distance between the wall and the pine boards until the end of the installation, insert dies, 1-1.5 cm thick.

The first floorboards are placed with a spike against the wall and screwed to it. Next, the pine boards are “sewn” together, inserting a groove into the ridge. In order for the parts to fit tightly, they are tapped along the entire length with a mallet. It is important to prevent the presence of even minimal cracks in the wooden floor.

If the floorboards are shorter than the length of the room, then they should be laid "in a run". So the pine wood floor will be more durable and acquire the necessary rigidity.

When using self-tapping screws, you must first drill holes for them. So the board will not split or crack.

Pine boards on the floor will last longer if you lay them so that the growth rings are located in the opposite direction to each other.

Pine wood floor does not require special care. However, over time, with improper installation or operation, it can become deformed. Most often, cracks form between the floorboards, the boards diverge, and the floor begins to “chill”. Then the coating is repaired by nailing the parts together and additionally inserting strips of the desired size. To make pine boards last longer, you do not need to cover them with linoleum.

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When choosing flooring for a home or office, many people have long preferred wood. This material is distinguished by its beauty, practicality, environmental friendliness and regardless of the type of coating: parquet board, plank floor or piece parquet, looks noble, modern and stylish.

Floors in the house or in office space are subjected to hourly stress, so they need protection - a coating that will preserve their structure, prevent color loss and provide an attractive look.

One of these protective coatings is floor varnish, which, depending on its chemical composition and decorative qualities, can be applied to both wooden and concrete floors.

Market building materials is replete with variety, in connection with this, buyers for a long time cannot decide how to choose a floor lacquer.

Make the right choice

When choosing a product for covering a wooden floor, consumers pursue several goals at once:

Give it a decent look
Protect from damage
Pick up the tone of the interior

The protective properties of wood floor varnish have great importance, and choosing it for this purpose, you should consider some points:

Possibility of post-processing
Has the tree been pre-treated?
wood species
Compatibility with the old coating (if you need to upgrade)
Operating conditions

With regard to the operating conditions of the floor, you should pay attention to the patency in the room and humidity. With a heavy load, wear-resistant and moisture-resistant floor varnish is selected.

The protective properties of the coating are determined by its composition, for example, alkyd floor lacquer protects against high humidity, urea-aclyd creates a reliable and durable coating, oil or petroleum polymer is well suited for rooms with increased load and high traffic.

Parquet varnish for wooden floors, which is water-based, acrylic and alkyd-based, is very popular with consumers.

When choosing a floor lacquer, you can determine which one is better by such criteria as its gloss and shade.

Depending on the illumination of the room, its architectural features, the color of the walls and ceiling, you can choose a glossy or matte floor varnish.

Matte floor varnish is suitable for bright, well-lit and spacious rooms, its noble shade will emphasize the dignity of the tree.

It is preferable to have glossy floors in poorly lit rooms and small in size, as gloss visually creates additional volume and reflects light.

Thanks to modern technologies, varnish floor coverings have appeared that differ not only in brilliance, but also in color. Colored floor lacquer was created relatively recently and this coating immediately interested many interior designers, allowing them to embody their fashionable ideas.

What to choose for a summer residence

Due to the fact that manufacturers have developed varnishes for exterior and internal works, consumers have the opportunity to create a unique and practical interior not only at home, but also in a country cottage.

Lacquer for a wooden floor in the country should be chosen with great care. The fact is that not every coating can fit. Experts recommend giving Special attention the type of wood from which the floor is made in the country. Many summer residents prefer to make floors in the country from pine boards in order to save money.

The features of this wood species include its softness and ability to bend under pressure. That is, the floor can be easily deformed.

Therefore, the varnish for the floor in the country should be chosen, taking into account the type of wood, the humidity in the room and the temperature regime.

Attention ! For soft wood, the most common parquet varnish cannot be used: when it is applied to the tree, a hard film is formed, which, when used on a pine floor, will destroy the structure of the tree.

Soft wood will flex while its hard, machined surface will stay in place. A void is formed between the wood and the coating. After some time, this void increases and a crack may appear on the tree.

When choosing floor varnish from a pine board, you should pay attention to the corresponding mark on the bank. It is preferable to stop at the product with the inscription on the package: for softwood and floorboards.

Another feature of the coating soft wood is the way it is applied. The parquet is first primed and the pine wood floor varnish is applied directly to the boards. Pine boards should not be primed; in this case, the first layer of varnish will be the basis for coating.

Attention ! Pine floor varnishes must be flexible.

The outdoor product should protect the wood from moisture, wind, sunlight and sudden changes in temperature.

Finnish floor lacquer Tikkurila - reliable and wear-resistant coating for any type of wood that can withstand high humidity and temperature changes. It can be used for both interior decoration indoors and outdoors, for example, to cover the floor on the veranda, since this floor varnish in the country house is frost-resistant.

Tools used for outdoor work can be used for:

Terrace
Outdoor railings and stairs
balconies
Arbors
Wooden garden furniture

Yacht varnish

This coating was developed in order to protect the wooden hull of water transport, hence its name - yacht. With good water-repellent properties, resistance to aggressive environments and salt water, this product has proven itself in the market and began to be used in everyday life.

According to their composition, yacht varnishes are divided into alkyd and urethane lacquers.

Yacht varnish for the floor has chemical composition different from those used to protect the hull of yachts.

Urethane varnish is safer for human health, since the concentration of solvents in it is much lower than in the yacht. Its composition is dominated by alkyds, which provide the floor with quick drying, and the wood treated with this agent, flexibility and protection from damage.

Acrylate yacht coating for wood has an order of magnitude lower toxic properties due to the fact that it is water-soluble, but such a product is completely unsuitable for coating yacht hulls. It can only be used for the floor, although it is called the yacht.

Water based products

Water-based floor varnish is the most environmentally friendly, it does not contain toxic components and is almost odorless. Its composition may differ, in some species, in addition to water, solvents and emulsifiers are contained, the lower their concentration, the less toxic the agent.

The disadvantages of water-based floor varnish include their long drying period, unlike other products.

The water that is part of this product can easily penetrate through the cracks in the floor, and this is highly undesirable, since the wooden floorboards can be deformed and subsequently creak. In order to avoid this, it is recommended to apply a primer under the water-based floor varnish. .

Another disadvantage of this coating is its low wear resistance. Many manufacturers, in order to improve the adhesive qualities of this product, add various special additives to its composition.

The main advantage of water-based floor varnish, judging by the reviews, is that it is odorless and protects the wood from burning.

Water-based acrylic floor varnish is also solvent-free, safe and well suited for interior decoration. By treating a wooden surface with such a coating, you can achieve the preservation of its natural color and emphasize the texture. To create a durable coating, it is recommended to apply it in several layers.

Such a coating dries for a long time, at least two weeks, but the result will suit any person who has good taste and thinks about his health.

The disadvantage of the tool lies in its low resistance to a humid environment and temperature extremes.

To date, many varieties have been varnish coatings for acrylic wood. Colored acrylic coating for wood, created on the basis of acrylic resin, is very popular with designers. It contains special additives that enhance its protective properties.

Anhydrous products

Anhydrous or polyurethane floor varnish can withstand high loads and has high adhesive properties. Therefore, it is recommended even industrial premises where floors can experience heavy loads.

Polyurethane varnish is suitable for concrete floors, polymer and self-leveling. It can be used as a reliable protective coating for precious woods and natural stone.

The composition of the polyurethane coating is one-component and two-component, contain acrylic, urethane or solvent.

Today it is the most wear-resistant floor varnish. And when buyers are faced with the question of what kind of varnish to cover the OSB slab on the floor, the choice is obvious - the most durable and aesthetic of all available - polyurethane.

How to apply

Varnishing the floor can be done with a brush, roller or special professional devices that allow you to make an even application.

As professional tools, a squeegee or a pouring machine is used, which ensures fast, even and high-quality varnishing.

Important ! Right choice tool will reduce the cost of materials and provide a quality coating.

So, having decided for yourself which floor varnish to choose, you must take into account the fact that any tool has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Despite the abundance of various artificial materials intended for fine floor coverings, natural wood has not lost its relevance. A floor or parquet made from first-class boards brings unique notes to the atmosphere of housing, contributing to the unique harmony of man and nature. Many types of wood are used in the construction of a wooden floor in buildings for various purposes, but pine remains the most common, combining acceptable durability, high aesthetic characteristics and a relatively low price. Naturally, the developer has a question, what kind of varnish to cover the pine floor in order to protect soft pine wood from the effects of static loads and moisture that inevitably gets on it.

Features of pine floors

Pine is a very interesting tree in terms of its properties, which has excellent strength with a wood density of 520 kg / m 3, which depends on the growing conditions. Located on more humid fertile soils forests produce looser wood, of lesser value than dryland pine, with a fine structure and increased density, which is especially valued in construction.

In the production of pine lumber, it is possible to obtain products with a peculiar texture and color, which varies to a large extent depending on which part of the trunk the boards are obtained from. The core of the trunk acquires a brownish-red hue when dried, and the sapwood may remain pinkish or almost white, with early wood having a lighter shade.

Pine lumber has a lower hardness (Brinell coefficient 2.49) than oak, beech or acacia, which leads to the presence of irreversible deformations in places where a small constant static load or impact is applied, and this should be taken into account in the further processing and operation of a wooden floor made from them .

One of the controversial qualities of a pine board, namely its increased resinousness, can be attributed to advantages when increased moisture resistance is required, or to disadvantages when resinous secretions on the surface of the facade or floor can spoil the appearance of the coating.

Lacquer, wax or oil

To preserve the appearance and significantly extend the life of pine wood floor boards, the most various materials, which impregnate or cover the floors. Varnishes, impregnations, various wax mastics on a natural or synthetic basis significantly increase the durability of pine products, and, in addition to durability, significantly change the appearance of floors made from pine boards, which makes it possible to solve complex design problems in the formation of interiors for various premises.

Oil-based impregnations

As folk wisdom says, the new is the well-forgotten old. When visiting old Russian mansions of the 18th and 19th centuries, you involuntarily pay attention to the appearance of the wooden floor, which has survived to this day in almost its original form. And the whole point is the impregnation of wood with natural drying oil or oil from hemp seeds, flax and other oilseeds. After additional waxing, such a coating, with minimal maintenance, is able to withstand intense loads for 10-12 years, and only then additional impregnation with the same composition is required with preliminary cleaning and grinding of the contaminated top layer. Even in the old barracks, where soldiers' boots create an intense load on the wooden floors, pine boards did not require replacement for 50-70 years. The use of oils to protect the pine floor is dictated by several conditions:

Better oil resistance in rooms for temporary stay, when it is impossible to avoid significant temperature fluctuations, for example, in small house in the country;
The oil fills the smallest pores to a considerable depth and better prevents the penetration of moisture, which largely eliminates warping of the floorboard;
Oil-based impregnations perform well on defense wooden structures mounted on outdoors. The oil-soaked decks of ships from the sailing era held up well against sea water;
Oil formulations do not change the microstructure of the fibers pine board, which when walking has a positive effect on the psycho-physiological state. This can be used in the manufacture of floor coverings in specialized areas.

Made from natural or synthetic raw materials, modern oils suitable for impregnating a wooden floor made of pine boards penetrate quite deeply into the pores of the wood and create a thick protective layer that prevents the penetration of air and moisture. A small amount of oil, remaining on the surface of the floors, cannot create the necessary protective film, which affects the abrasion resistance and durability of the coating. To eliminate this drawback, a wooden floor impregnated with oil is either additionally covered with a layer of wax, or the wax must be part of the impregnating oil, and, remaining on the surface, create a protective film of the required thickness. Natural-based wax is used for flooring or synthetic components based on polyurethane are added to the composition of the penetrating oil.

On a note: when deciding to cover the pine floors in the house with oil and wax, it should be remembered that in the event of a possible repair or reconstruction of the premises, it is impossible to protect the floorboards with any type of enamel or varnish without removing the layer of wood soaked in oil. Even after removing the layer of wood recommended by most manufacturers of at least 2 mm, there is no 100% guarantee of strong adhesion of the varnish to the surface of the board.

When choosing manufacturers of materials for oil impregnation of pine floors, you should pay attention to high-quality compositions from well-known proven domestic and foreign manufacturers, despite the fact that some of them have a rather high price. The Finnish concern Tikkurila, the German company DAW with their trademarks"Caparol" and "Alpina", Azko Nobel concern, widely known for its line of primers and protective compounds Pinotex, Slovenian Belinka and Swedish Bona offer customers a whole range of compounds for protecting a wooden floor, from primers to wax for finishing. Moreover, the materials are selected in such a way as to ensure their best interaction with each other and the highest quality of the finished coating. Many companies, including the Finnish Tikkurila, have their own production facilities in Russia, which allows them to successfully compete with domestic producers. The price of products of this brand is not much different from the products of domestic factories.

Lacquering

Very often, pine floorboards in a house or country house are covered with a protective varnish on top of various natural or synthetic bases. The resulting matte or glossy coating can reliably protect the surface from moisture, abrasion or impact. To protect pine lumber, a varnish is used that has some specific features:

It is impossible to cover pine products with varnish, which is not marked "For soft wood", due to natural features pine board;
The quality and durability of the coating depends on pre-training surface and additional processing with special compounds before applying the main layer of varnish;
When varnishing floors made of soft wood, use only the method of application of the material specified by the manufacturer, observe the exposure time between layers and the number of layers;
Be sure to apply a primer and varnish on dry wood so that the coating does not peel off during operation;
In places of significant release of resin on the surface of the board, apply additional measures to remove and neutralize it with the help of deeply penetrating compounds.

Manufacturers offer primers and varnishes for softwoods, either water-based or solvent-based. Which one is better is debatable. The dried coating has approx. the same properties, but the release of harmful substances during application and drying is unacceptable in many cases.

Working in the country in the summer, when good ventilation is provided, unpleasant odors disappear almost instantly as the solvent evaporates, you can choose materials for organic solvents, but in the case of working indoors, it is better to prefer a water-soluble varnish that emits only water vapor with a slight admixture of the resins from which it is made.

Ten types of lacquers are suitable for wood protection work, but only five of them can be used for painting soft woods.

The best varnishes for soft woods, including pine, are based on urethane and polyurethane resins diluted with aqueous or organic solvents. Such materials create a strong and, most importantly, elastic film on the surface of the wood, capable of maintaining integrity even with significant deformations of soft wood under load. For example, the Tikkurila company offers universal varnishes for parquet and soft wooden floors. Varnish "Tikkurila Temadur Clie" and urethane-alkyd varnish for a wide range of applications "Merit Yahti" are distinguished by high quality and affordable price, which makes the material accessible to a wide range of consumers. A whole line of varnishes, primers and oils for soft wood is produced by the Swedish company Bona, one of the leaders in the production of such materials. But the price of polyurethane materials from this manufacturer is 2-2.5 times higher.

Varnish on acrylic base cheaper than polyurethane, but has less elasticity, which limits its use on pine floors with high throughput. Despite somewhat worse strength indicators, acrylic materials are widely used when carrying out precisely budget repair. The democratic price "hides" some shortcomings.

Alkyd and epoxy-based varnishes behave worst on soft wooden surfaces. Hard wear resistant film showing excellent performance on hard surfaces, becomes powerless with deformation changes linear dimensions pine lumber. The film formed by such a varnish cracks, the coating peels off and opens up unhindered access to dirt and moisture, which over time will do their unseemly work.

Oil-based paints and varnishes perform well. The only drawback of oil varnishes - long time drying. But, on the other hand, you can still admire the view of the old wooden floor, where the mirror-protective coating is formed by oil varnish applied in 7-8 layers with intermediate polishing of each layer.

To choose the right varnish, it is better to cover the pine floorboard at home or in the country, you should follow a few rules:

Correctly assess the operating conditions of the future coating and the requirements for it. With a lack of own knowledge, you can turn to specialists;
Estimate financial side question. If for home use permanent residence you can choose environmentally friendly water-based polyurethane materials, then polyurethane and acrylic materials on organic solvents are suitable for protecting floors in the country, the price of which is much lower;
Don't rush to the store right away. Many sellers have a vague idea about the materials they sell and the intricacies of them. specifications, and only some of them will help you choose the right enamels and paints;
On the packaging of paintwork material suitable for pine floors, it is necessarily written "for soft woods" or "for wooden floors", but in no case "for parquet";
Lacquering the wooden surface of the floor, especially if the work is done independently, you need to read the instructions carefully manufacturer for the application of the selected material.

When laying a new wooden floor or restoring an old one, each owner asks himself the question: “How to cover it so that it is beautiful, durable and not too expensive?”. The choice of coatings for this purpose is huge, but in order to preserve the beauty and emphasize the texture of wood, it is best to use floor varnish.

Colorless or tinted varnishes will retain the original attractive appearance of the wood structure for a long time, favorably shading or emphasizing its unique pattern. It is very important to choose all the parameters correctly so that after the repair is completed, the parquet will please with its beauty for a long time. And its care will be simple: just wash it with water or with the addition of detergents.

What to look for when choosing

In order for a brand new or freshly repaired floor to please the eye for a long time, not to darken or rot, when buying varnish for a wooden floor, the following factors must be considered.

Flooring location. Depending on whether the floors will be covered on the street or in the house, it is necessary to purchase a paint and varnish product for outdoor or indoor use.
temperature fluctuations. For a country house that is not heated in winter, it is better to take floor varnish with a frost-resistant composition.
protective qualities. You need to think about whether there is a need for flame retardant and antifungal components.
Type of wood. What is suitable for oak may not be suitable for staining larch.
Load. If the room has a high traffic, then you need to buy wear-resistant mixtures, preferably two-component ones, consisting of a base and a hardener.
Environmentally friendly (non-toxic and odorless varnishes are usually used for residential premises).
The components that make up the paint and varnish solution.
The appearance of the varnish (colorless or tinted, matte or glossy).
Profitability (coating service life and material consumption: how much is needed to process one square meter).

Varieties of varnish coatings by composition

Depending on the solvent, they are divided into:

Water soluble. Such mixtures are almost odorless, easy to care for, dry quickly and form a strong protective film as a coating. The downside is that such compositions are very fluid, penetrate deep into the wood, and after the varnish dries, the plank floorboards can make an unpleasant creak. To prevent such consequences and in order to reduce material consumption during painting, the floors must first be primed.
Primer varnishes are able to give a beautiful even finish. They are ideal for exotic wood, reliably protecting it from moisture and solar ultraviolet radiation. Quick dry.
Alcoholic. Quick-drying, give the floor surface a glossy sheen. Non-toxic, the smell of alcohol disappears quickly. Paint consumption is small. Medium strength, affordable.
Based on resins from natural raw materials. When applied, such a coating penetrates deeply into the structure of the tree, emphasizing its uniqueness and beauty, resistant to temperature fluctuations and changes in humidity.

Depending on the type of resin that the floorboard varnish contains, natural-based preparations can be divided into:

Polyurethane floor varnish. Wear-resistant, often contains acrylic or urethane, durable, well suited for high traffic areas. Dries in less than 3 hours even with high humidity. Minus - high cost.
Polyurethane-acrylic. A coating with an acrylic additive to polyurethane resins is less durable compared to polyurethane mixtures, it is used in rooms with medium and low traffic. Consumption per 1 m2 is moderate. Easy to care for: just wash it.
Acrylic is made only on a water basis. Moisture resistant, elastic, eco-friendly, almost odorless. Suitable for outdoor and indoor use, but resistant to abrasion and mechanical damage. Economical: low price and low consumption.
Urethane is resistant to scratches and other damage. Elastic and water repellent. Medium resistance to abrasion, affordable.
Alkyd dries quickly, but is of low strength and inelastic.
urethane-alkyd combines positive traits alkyd and urethane varnishes, has increased strength and protective properties.
Epoxy refers to the type of acid-cured. Highly toxic: to work with it, you must use protective equipment and ensure good ventilation of the room. The surface painted with it can release toxins for up to three days, all this time it is impossible to be in the room. Epoxy mixtures have increased strength, resistance to weathering and are widely used for outdoor work.
Urea-formaldehyde, also belong to the acid-curing group, wear-resistant, but toxic. How much preparation is required depends on the surface to be treated.

In addition, varnishes are:

one-component (consist of a solvent base and an active substance);
two-component (a hardener is added to the base with a solvent, which is added before use).

The choice of varnish depending on the type of wood

To beautifully and qualitatively lacquer flooring, you need to correctly choose a varnish for a wooden floor, taking into account the type of wood.

Larch

Larch boards are highly durable, resistant to moisture and decay. Often larch is used for lining baths or saunas. Larch boardwalk is good for gazebos, verandas or high humidity areas such as kitchens, saunas or bathrooms.

To cover the floor of larch, water-soluble, alkyd or polyurethane compounds are used; for outdoor work, acid-cured solutions are often used. Choose the best composition for finish coat and the required amount for the surface of a larch board can be, focusing on its location (at home or on the street) and the load (patency) of the room.

In addition to the fact that a larch board has high strength, it does not deform during operation. How many layers of coating to apply? At least two - it all depends on the composition of the drug.

Pine

Compared to larch, pine wood is not as durable. So paintwork should provide it with increased protection, and ordinary parquet varnishes are not always suitable for this purpose.

Due to its soft structure, pine boards require more careful selection of products for its coloring. If you neglect this and purchase a cheaper option, as many do when buying floor varnish in the country, then soon the varnished surface will crack, and then it will no longer be able to fully protect the pine base from moisture, mold or fungus.

For painting, it is better to use urethane, polyurethane or epoxy preparations, which have high strength and elasticity. Pine, like other soft woods, is recommended to be covered with several layers of paint and varnish composition. The material consumption will increase slightly, but the quality will be high.

hardwood

For floors made of unstable types of wood (beech, ash, oak), it is necessary to use special primer mixtures before painting. After such preparation, alkyd or polyurethane compounds are applied - they will give the tree the necessary strength, protect it from moisture and mechanical damage, and greatly facilitate the care of the floors.

Exotics

It is best to lacquer exotic tree species after neutralizing their secreted essential oils. The neutralizer is selected depending on the breed, then the surface is primed and coated with any varnish, in accordance with the load on the floor surface and the influence of the environment on it.

It must be remembered: if the wood contains tannins, then it is better to prime the floor before varnishing. If this is not done, the surface will soon darken with uneven spots, spoiling the beautiful appearance of the decorative coating.

Location Matters

When thinking about which product is better to choose for painting the boardwalk, one must take into account not only toxicity, drying time and wood species. You also need to take into account the location of the object.

In living rooms with moderate humidity, it is better to use aqueous acrylic solutions. They are non-toxic, harmless to the health of people and pets, easy to apply, dry quickly, and have low consumption. The surfaces covered with such a varnish do not require special care, they are easy to wash. In case the use of water-soluble formulations is not possible, the least toxic mixtures should be chosen. Surface care consists in cleaning them from contaminants.
For baths, kitchens, and other wet areas, you need to choose moisture-proof varnishes with antifungal antiseptic additives. For a steam room or a bath, it is better that they also contain flame retardant components. It is preferable to paint with acrylic two-component mixtures. Two-component options have the greatest strength and do not have toxic substances in the composition.
For closed verandas and unheated in winter country houses it is advisable to choose a frost-resistant mixture for outdoor work.
When painting the flooring in the gazebo or on an open plank area during outdoor work, you should choose preparations with increased strength. For this purpose, you can use deck (boat) varnish - it is high-strength, used for painting boats. It can also be used for outdoor painting of products that are outdoors and exposed to adverse external factors (rain, wind, snow). How many layers of application will be required? At least two, but more.

Aesthetic appearance

In addition to the protective and strength qualities, the aesthetic side is important during repairs, because it is it that creates the mood and helps to give the room a unique look. In this case, the choice of means depends only on what the floor should be.

According to the gloss of the coating can be divided into:

glossy - suitable for a board with an unusual wood pattern;
matte - will emphasize and preserve its beauty for a long time.

By color varnishes are:

Colorless. When applied, the wood acquires a sheen or matte sheen.
Colored, giving wood required shade, emphasizing or shading its unusual texture. Sometimes such tinting is done by hand: the master himself adds a dye to the colorless solution, periodically checking on a wooden sample with a brush what the shade of the floor should be.

How to repair the floor surface yourself

Having decided what composition you need to purchase so that it is beautiful, durable and inexpensive, you can start finishing the floor with your own hands. This requires such tools.

polishing machine. It can be purchased, but it will be cheaper to rent, because if all the work is done correctly, then the device will not be needed again soon.
Abrasives of various denominations, while the presence of the highest and softest number is mandatory.
Spatulas.
Application tool. Best of all, the varnish is distributed with a roller, but you need to stock up on various brushes for smearing corners and hard-to-reach places.
Soft cloths to remove excess composition.
Cleaning equipment to remove all dirt before work.

Training

Necessary conditions for quality work:

The room must have a temperature corresponding to the parameters specified in the instructions for the purchased mixture. Exceeding or not achieving these parameters will affect the quality of the final result (strength, durability).
Humidity. High humidity is needed only for water-soluble mixtures; in the rest, it causes violations of drying and the formation of a protective film. When used for outdoor work, this will be atmospheric precipitation.
drafts. Ventilation is allowed only when working with acid-curing compounds, in other cases it leads to a deterioration in the quality of work performed.

Operating procedure

How is DIY repair going?

First, the surface is properly prepared. To do this, it must be cleaned of contaminants and remove the old coating. The removal of the previous layer can be done with a spatula or grinder(Bulgarians).
After removing the old decorative layer (if restoration was carried out), the surface is cleaned with a grinder with a special nozzle or sandpaper of different softness. All irregularities must be removed.
If the floor is old, after the layers of peeling paint have been removed, it must be leveled with putty or sanded.
You can cycle the floor surface with your own hands or resort to help experienced craftsman. But it is worth remembering that if it is not possible to cycle correctly, the parquet will be damaged. Maybe it would be more profitable to hire a master?
After that, it is necessary to remove all debris, to improve the quality of such a floor, it is even better to wash it, only then you need to let it dry.
Now, if the floor is old, uneven, or the wood needs protection, apply a coat of primer. With your own hands, it is applied with a spray gun or roller, and hard-to-reach places painted over with a brush. All excess, how many of them turned out, must be removed with a soft cloth.
Now you can open a jar of varnish or mix the ingredients (if two-component mixtures are used). If desired or necessary, do the tinting with your own hands after opening the can of paint.
It is better to apply the drug after preparing and washing the surfaces with a roller, working in parallel and perpendicularly, applying the composition in one direction, and leveling it in the other. Apply as many layers as recommended in the manufacturer's instructions or a little more as it dries.
After that, after a day or more, depending on the speed of drying, it will be possible to vacuum and mop the floor. Further care behind the surface will be simple.

Possible application problems

Sometimes there are problems with coverage. This happens for the following reasons:

The varnish does not dry. It either does not fit the type of wood used, or requires a different drying temperature. If it does not fit, then it will have to be removed, removed with a grinder, then applied again. If the problem is temperature, then you should bring it to the required minimum.
There was not enough hardener in the two-component varnish. In this case, it is necessary to remove (by grinding) the unsuccessful coating and reapply.

When deciding which varnish to choose for repair, each owner will be able to choose for himself one that will be economical, easy to maintain and relatively durable. Perhaps it is worth buying a more expensive composition that will protect and decorate wood for several years than buying a cheaper one for a year? How much is this extra cost?

Properly covered floors for several years will only need to be washed, they do not need more care. The main thing is not to be too lazy and apply as many layers of the product as shown in the instructions, or 1-2 more.

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