Presentation on the topic "Types of glass." Glass Glass is ... Glass is one of the most ancient and, due to the variety of its properties, a material that is universal in human practice.

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Glass types

Depending on the main glass-forming agent used, glasses are oxide fluoride, sulfide, etc. The basic method for producing silicate glass is to melt a mixture of quartz sand (SiO2), soda (Na2CO3) and lime (CaO). The result is chemical complex with the composition Na2O*CaO*6SiO2. Quartz glass is obtained by melting high purity silica raw materials (usually quartzite, rock crystal), its chemical formula- SiO2. Quartz glass can also be of natural origin, formed when lightning strikes deposits of quartz sand. Optical glass - used for the manufacture of lenses, prisms, cuvettes, etc. Chemical-laboratory glass - glass with high chemical and thermal stability. OPTICAL GLASS Quartz glass

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Physical properties The density of ordinary glass varies between 2500-2600 kg/m3 chemical composition. Glasses have different hardness within 4,000-10,000 MPa. The hardest is quartz glass, with an increase in the content of alkali oxides, the hardness of glasses decreases. Fragility. Since brittleness is most pronounced on impact, it is characterized by impact strength. The impact strength of glass depends on the specific viscosity. Thermal conductivity. Quartz glasses have the highest thermal conductivity. Normal window glass has 0.97W/(m.K). As the temperature rises, the thermal conductivity increases, the thermal conductivity depends on the chemical composition of the glass. The high transparency of oxide glasses has made them indispensable for glazing buildings, mirrors and optical instruments. Theoretically, even a perfect glass that does not absorb light cannot transmit more than 92% of light.

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General classification by chemical composition. Inorganic glasses are divided into several types: elemental, oxide, halide, chalcogenide and mixed. 1) Elementary (monatomic) glasses. Glasses consisting of atoms of one element are called elementary glasses. In a glassy state, sulfur, selenium, arsenic, and phosphorus can be obtained. There is information about the possibility of vitrification of tellurium and oxygen. When cooled to -11°C gives a rubbery transparent product, insoluble in carbon disulfide. 2) Oxide glasses. When determining the class, the nature of the glass-forming oxide, which is part of the glass, boron oxide, silicon oxide, phosphorus oxide, is taken into account. Many oxides pass into the state of glass only under conditions of rapid cooling (arsenic oxide, antimony oxide, vanadium oxide), or aluminum oxide, tungsten oxide do not vitrify on their own, however, in combinations, the glass-forming properties are sharply enhanced.

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3) Silicate glasses. The most important in practice belongs to the class of silicate glasses. No other classes of glasses can be compared with them in terms of prevalence in everyday life and in technology. The decisive advantages of silicate glasses are due to their low cost, economic availability, high chemical resistance in the most common chemical reagents and gaseous media, high hardness, and comparative simplicity of industrial production. 4) Borate glasses. Glassy boric anhydrite is easily obtained by simple melting boric acid at 1200-1300оС. Due to their excellent electrical insulating properties and comparative fusibility, borate glasses are widely used in electrical engineering. Some borate glasses are of interest for optotechnics.

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Application Organic glass - It is used as sheet glass in aircraft and mechanical engineering, for the manufacture of household products, protective equipment in laboratories, construction and architecture, instrument making, glazing of greenhouses, domes, windows, in medicine - prostheses, lenses in optics, pipes in Food Industry etc. Quartz glass - Used for the manufacture of laboratory glassware, optical instruments, insulating materials, mercury lamps used in medicine, etc.

Glass is ... Glass is one of the most ancient and, due to the variety of its properties, a material that is universal in human practice. Physical and chemical inorganic matter, solid; structurally amorphous, isotropic; Aggregately, all types of glasses are an extremely viscous supercooled liquid that reaches a glassy state in the process of cooling at a rate sufficient to prevent the crystallization of melts obtained within the specified temperature ranges (from 300 to 2500 ºС), which are due to the oxide, fluoride or phosphate origin of their compositions. Glass is one of the most ancient and, due to the variety of its properties, a material that is universal in human practice. Physico-chemically inorganic substance, solid; structurally amorphous, isotropic; Aggregately, all types of glasses are an extremely viscous supercooled liquid that reaches a glassy state in the process of cooling at a rate sufficient to prevent the crystallization of melts obtained within the specified temperature ranges (from 300 to 2500 ºС), which are due to the oxide, fluoride or phosphate origin of their compositions.

The history of glass It has not yet been reliably established how and where glass was first obtained. For a long time the primacy in the discovery of glassmaking was recognized by Egypt, to which the glass-glazed faience tiles of the inner facings of the Jesser pyramid (mid-III millennium BC) were considered undoubted evidence; to even more early period(the first dynasty of the pharaohs) include finds of faience jewelry (see above), that is, glass existed in Egypt already 5 thousand years ago. Until now, it has not been reliably established how and where glass was first obtained. For a long time, the primacy in the discovery of glassmaking was recognized by Egypt, to which the glass-glazed faience tiles of the inner facings of the Jesser pyramid (mid-III millennium BC) were considered undoubted evidence; to an even earlier period (the first dynasty of the pharaohs) are the finds of faience jewelry (see above), that is, glass existed in Egypt already 5 thousand years ago. Egyptian glassmakers melted glass on open hearths in earthenware bowls. The sintered pieces were thrown hot into the water, where they cracked, and these fragments, the so-called frits, were ground into dust by millstones and melted again. Egyptian glassmakers melted glass on open hearths in earthenware bowls. The sintered pieces were thrown hot into the water, where they cracked, and these fragments, the so-called frits, were ground into dust by millstones and melted again. ancient vase

art glass Art glass is a very old craft. Glass was used to make not only dishes, window glass, lenses and other utilitarian items, but also a variety of artistic products. Art glass is a very old craft. Glass was used to make not only dishes, window glass, lenses and other utilitarian items, but also a variety of artistic products. Glass blowing is an operation that makes it possible to obtain from a viscous melt various forms balls, vases, glasses. Glass blowing is an operation that allows obtaining various shapes of balls, vases, glasses from a viscous melt. The glass blower's most important working tool, his blowing tube, is a hollow metal tube 1 1.5 m long, one-third lined with wood and equipped with a brass mouthpiece at the end. Using a pipe, the glass blower collects molten glass from the furnace, blows it into a ball shape and molds it. Ready product they knock it off the pipe onto a pitchfork and carry it into the annealing furnace. The trace (nozzle, cap) left from breaking off must be removed by grinding. The most important working tool of a glassblower, his blowing tube, is a hollow metal tube 1 1.5 m long, one-third lined with wood and equipped with a brass mouthpiece at the end. Using a pipe, the glass blower collects molten glass from the furnace, blows it into a ball shape and molds it. The finished product is knocked off the tube onto a fork and carried into the annealing furnace. The trace (nozzles, cap) remaining from the rebound must be removed by grinding

Story modern bottle The very first bottles in the modern sense were ugly - thick-walled, lopsided, made of cloudy dirty glass with bubbles. However, they could already boast small size , a certain convenience, and therefore quickly gained popularity. But still, a lot of time passed before the bottles acquired modern harmony and noble posture. Of the first glass bottles, the most highly valued and expensive were the products of Venetian craftsmen - intricate shapes, with rich gilding and overhead, also made of glass mass, details. The very first bottles in the modern sense were ugly - thick-walled, lopsided, made of cloudy dirty glass with bubbles. However, they could already boast of small size, a certain convenience, and therefore quickly gained popularity. But still, a lot of time passed before the bottles acquired modern harmony and noble posture. Of the first glass bottles, the most highly valued and expensive were the products of Venetian craftsmen - intricate shapes, with rich gilding and overhead, also made of glass mass, details. The heart of this glass industry was the island of Murano - because of the threat of fires in 1292, all the glass production of the Venetian Republic was transferred to it because of the threat of fires. The craft reached its peak in the 15th century and was caused by the emergence of new glass blowing technology and new methods of glass processing. At the same time, the masters of the island of Murano learned how to make not only colored, but also white (it is also “milk”) glass, which immediately became fashionable in Europe ... The heart of this glass craft was the island of Murano - it was on it because of the threat of fires in 1292 In 1993, all glass production in the Venetian Republic was transferred. The craft reached its peak in the 15th century and was caused by the emergence of new glass blowing technology and new methods of glass processing. At the same time, the masters of the island of Murano learned how to make not only colored, but also white (it is also “milk”) glass, which immediately became fashionable in Europe ... In those days when glassmaking developed in Venice and Venetian products became known outside the Apennine peninsulas, the local craftsmen, as well as the glassblowers of the cities of Faenza and Urbino, put a lot of effort and skill in the production of bottles. The bottles made by these craftsmen (cast in special metal molds) have become real works of art - bizarre in appearance, tall and graceful, flat or almost spherical. They were decorated with convex relief drawings depicting flowers, fruits, and even various scenes from mythology. At the time when glassmaking developed in Venice and Venetian products became known outside the Apennine Peninsula, the craftsmen there, as well as the glassblowers of the cities of Faenza and Urbino, put a lot of effort and skill into the production of bottles. The bottles made by these craftsmen (cast in special metal molds) have become real works of art - bizarre in appearance, tall and graceful, flat or almost spherical. They were decorated with convex relief drawings depicting flowers, fruits, and even various scenes from mythology. It was in such bottles that wines, other drinks and seasonings were served on the table in rich houses. More simple bottles served to store liquid products, but they were also considered quite expensive in those days. It was in such bottles that wine, other drinks and seasonings were served on the table in rich houses. Simpler bottles were used to store liquid products, but they were also considered quite expensive in those days. Starting from the 17th-18th centuries, medicines and perfumes began to be stored in glass bottles of a modern design. It is the same 18th century was marked by an incredible rise in the wine trade, which, in particular, was famous for the Enlightenment. Manufacturers were forced to solve the problem of exclusive branding of their products on bottles. The main problem was that appearance products invariably had to attract with their grace the whimsical gaze of a fastidious buyer. Starting from the 17th-18th centuries, medicines and perfumes began to be stored in glass bottles of a modern design. It is the same 18th century was marked by an incredible rise in the wine trade, which, in particular, was famous for the Enlightenment. Manufacturers were forced to solve the problem of exclusive branding of their products on bottles. The main problem was that the appearance of products invariably had to attract the whimsical gaze of a fastidious buyer with its grace. Sealing wax, which was used to cover the cork of a bottle until that time, was a short-lived material: seals were easy to fake. Around the end of the XVIII century. the custom came into fashion to mark with seals not sealing wax, but the actual wine bottle immediately before putting it on sale. In addition, the quality of the product was additionally confirmed by excise lead seals, which customs officials supplied with those sent to long way wine boxes. Sealing wax, which was used to cover the cork of a bottle until that time, was a short-lived material: seals were easy to fake. Around the end of the XVIII century. the custom came into fashion to mark with seals not sealing wax, but the actual wine bottle immediately before putting it on sale. Plus, the quality of the product was additionally confirmed by excise lead seals, with which customs officials supplied wine boxes sent on a long journey. Somewhat later, after Napoleonic Wars, which almost undermined the export of Portuguese port wine to England, information about the contents began to be applied to the form before low tide glass bottle. At the same time, chemists synthesized glue, with which it became possible to attach a label to bottle glass. The further - the more: wine merchants invented the most incredible forms of bottles for bottling intoxicating drinks, and all these forms were patented. Somewhat later, after the Napoleonic wars, which almost undermined the export of Portuguese port wine to England, information about the contents began to be applied to the mold before the glass bottle was poured. At the same time, chemists synthesized glue, with which it became possible to attach a label to bottle glass. The further - the more: wine merchants invented the most incredible forms of bottles for bottling intoxicating drinks, and all these forms were patented. To date, bottles are one of the most mass-produced types of glass production. They are very diverse in purpose, shape, color and capacity. Bottles for wine differ quite a lot from each other: champagne, Bordeaux, Burgundy, Rhine, as well as those intended for strong and dessert wines and special wines like Tokay, port, vermouth, malaga and many others. etc. Today, bottles are one of the most popular types of glass production. They are very diverse in purpose, shape, color and capacity. Bottles for wine differ quite a lot from each other: champagne, Bordeaux, Burgundy, Rhine, as well as those intended for strong and dessert wines and special wines like Tokay, port, vermouth, malaga and many others. others

Glass bottles Glass is a very ancient packaging material: glass vessels were used in Egypt and Syria as early as three thousand years BC. e. At the same time, the technology of glass production is very static. Previously, bottles were blown using a special glass tube made of metal (most often iron) and approximately one third covered with wood. On one side of the tube was a mouthpiece, on the other - a special pear-shaped thickening for glass intake. After the tube was warmed up, it (with its thickening down) was lowered into the molten glass mass and turned so that the glass mass adhered to the “pear”. The glass blower quickly pulled out the pipe and, turning it so that the molten glass was held, inserted it into a special hollow mold made of clay or metal and began to blow hard into the mouthpiece. The resulting glass bubble filled the inside of the mold, forming a hollow bottle. Glass is a very ancient packaging material: glass vessels were used in Egypt and Syria as early as three thousand years BC. e. At the same time, the technology of glass production is very static. Previously, bottles were blown using a special glass tube made of metal (most often iron) and approximately one third covered with wood. On one side of the tube was a mouthpiece, on the other - a special pear-shaped thickening for glass intake. After the tube was warmed up, it (with its thickening down) was lowered into the molten glass mass and turned so that the glass mass adhered to the “pear”. The glass blower quickly pulled out the pipe and, turning it so that the molten glass was held, inserted it into a special hollow mold made of clay or metal and began to blow hard into the mouthpiece. The resulting glass bubble filled the inside of the mold, forming a hollow bottle. By and large, the only major innovation before the beginning of the twentieth century was the invention of a hundred years BC. e. glass tube. In addition, the master was not always able to maintain the beauty of the form. The lower part of the vessel, as a rule, turned out to be more massive than the upper one, since the bottle was blown from a hot glass bubble, pulling it up to the neck. The final shape - damask, cone or rounded - was also given to the bottle by hand, "running" it on special figured surfaces made of bog oak. The bottles were heavy because the composition of the glass mass included metal salts. By and large, the only major innovation before the beginning of the twentieth century was the invention of a hundred years BC. e. glass tube. In addition, the master was not always able to maintain the beauty of the form. The lower part of the vessel, as a rule, turned out to be more massive than the upper one, since the bottle was blown from a hot glass bubble, pulling it up to the neck. The final shape - damask, cone or rounded - was also given to the bottle by hand, "running" it on special figured surfaces made of bog oak. The bottles were heavy because the composition of the glass mass included metal salts.

Only since 1901, when the first automatic bottle machine was patented, did the real development of the mass glass industry begin. Glass is a very characteristic material. The main specificity is that it must be processed in an extremely hot and semi-liquid state. The molding or blowing operation is very fast, it should be completed in just a few seconds (in some individual cases - in a few minutes). After that, the glass loses its plasticity. By and large, bottle blowing technology has undergone only minor changes since then. Another thing is that this process is now fully automated. The molten glass mass from the glass melting furnace flows into the feeder, from where it is squeezed out in a fixed portion through a special hole and cut off with mechanical scissors. The resulting drop of a certain weight falls into the draft form of the glass-forming machine, where the neck rim is formed and the bottle body is pre-inflated. Then the draft mold is opened and the resulting workpiece is moved to the final mold, where the final formation of the product takes place. Frozen bottles go for annealing and slow cooling. The quality of annealing is determined by the term "glass thermal past". Good annealing eliminates the occurrence internal stresses inside the glass, due to which the finished product can crumble into small pieces at the slightest impact, pressure increase (bottling) or temperature (pasteurization). Only since 1901, when the first automatic bottle machine was patented, did the real development of the mass glass industry begin. Glass is a very characteristic material. The main specificity is that it must be processed in an extremely hot and semi-liquid state. The molding or blowing operation is very fast, it should be completed in just a few seconds (in some individual cases - in a few minutes). After that, the glass loses its plasticity. By and large, bottle blowing technology has undergone only minor changes since then. Another thing is that this process is now fully automated. The molten glass mass from the glass melting furnace flows into the feeder, from where it is squeezed out in a fixed portion through a special hole and cut off with mechanical scissors. The resulting drop of a certain weight falls into the draft form of the glass-forming machine, where the neck rim is formed and the bottle body is pre-inflated. Then the draft mold is opened and the resulting workpiece is moved to the final mold, where the final formation of the product takes place. Frozen bottles go for annealing and slow cooling. The quality of annealing is determined by the term "glass thermal past". Good annealing allows you to get rid of the occurrence of internal stresses inside the glass, due to which the finished product can crumble into small pieces at the slightest impact, pressure increase (bottling) or temperature (pasteurization).

« About the use of glass in the "Letter on the Use of Glass" M.V. Lomonosov

Head: Fedorova V. M., biology teacher

Relevance appeal to the topic is due to the fact that Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov is one of the great scientists, who without a doubt can be put in one of the first places among the versatile gifted people in the history of mankind.

Objective: Show glass application with literary word Lomonosov and to prove that the "Letter on the Benefits of Glass" is not a simple transcription of the achievements of science into poetic form, but evidence of the unity of Lomonosov's scientific interests with practical activities.

To achieve this goal, we have set tasks:

1. Search for material on a given topic

2. Analyze the information provided

Natural glass has been known since ancient times. It is also called volcanic glass. Glass is not an individual substance, but an alloy of several substances. An approximate composition can be expressed by the formula Na 2 O CaO 6SiO 2 . The glass is based on quartz sand, soda and limestone. These substances are thoroughly mixed and subjected to strong heating (1500 0 FROM): Na 2 CO 3 + SiO 2 = Na 2 SiO 3 + CO 2 CaCO 3 + SiO 2 = CaSiO 3 + CO 2 The same reaction occurs during volcanic eruptions. And in the first part of the poem, the poet writes about the origin of glass:

Mount Etna

wonderful decorative properties glasses (the ability to perceive different colors, to transmit the play of light, the variety in the transitions from crystal transparency through all degrees of cloudiness to complete opacity) led to the existence of a special group of products combined common name"art glass"

GLASS CURRENT APPLICATIONS

AT national economy Approximately, the following main areas of glass application can be distinguished: construction industry, production of glass containers, glass apparatus, chemical glassware; electrovacuum industry, the use of glass as decorative material, optical industry and instrument making.

More than half of all melted glass is processed into sheets for building glazing. Products made of fiberglass materials (glass wool, mats, bundles, etc.), which are used as heat and sound insulators, have found wide application in construction.

A separate class of glasses is formed by the so-called laser glasses. These are multicomponent glasses of various nature (silicate, phosphate, fluoroberyllate, borate, tellurite, etc.) activated with neodymium. Lasers can be miniaturized, such as those used in medicine, and can be powerful systems used in nuclear fusion. Lasers are also used in scientific research, geodesy, precision metalworking

conclusions :

1. M. V. Lomonosov in his "Letter on the Use of Glass" fully opened the use and significance of glass in the world

2. "Letter on the benefits of glass" - a vivid example of Lomonosov's "scientific poetry"

The presentation on the topic Glass can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Presentation subject: Chemistry. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you to interest your classmates or audience. To view the contents of the presentation, use the player, or if you want to download the presentation, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 11 slides.

Presentation slides

Glass is…

Glass is one of the most ancient and, due to the variety of its properties, a universal material in human practice. Physico-chemically - inorganic substance, solid body; structurally - amorphous, isotropic; Aggregately, all types of glasses are an extremely viscous supercooled liquid that reaches a glassy state during cooling at a rate sufficient to prevent the crystallization of melts obtained within specified temperature limits (from 300 to 2500 ºС), which are due to the oxide, fluoride or phosphate origin of their compositions.

History of glass

Until now, it has not been reliably established how and where glass was first obtained. For a long time, the primacy in the discovery of glassmaking was recognized by Egypt, to which the glass-glazed faience tiles of the inner facings of the Jesser pyramid (mid-III millennium BC) were considered undoubted evidence; to an even earlier period (the first dynasty of the pharaohs) are the finds of faience jewelry (see above), that is, glass existed in Egypt already 5 thousand years ago. Egyptian glassmakers melted glass on open hearths in earthenware bowls. The sintered pieces were thrown hot into the water, where they cracked, and these fragments, the so-called frits, were ground into dust by millstones and melted again.

ancient vase

glass properties

Glass is an inorganic isotropic substance, a material known and used since ancient times. It also exists in natural form, in the form of minerals (obsidian - volcanic glass), but in practice - most often, as a product of glassmaking - one of the oldest technologies in material culture. Structurally - amorphous substance, aggregate related to the category - a solid body. In practice, there is a huge number of modifications, implying a lot of various utilitarian possibilities, determined by the composition, structure, chemical and physical properties.

Currently, materials have been developed for an extremely wide, truly universal range of applications, which are both inherent initially (for example, transparency, reflectivity, resistance to aggressive environments, beauty, and many others) and previously uncharacteristic of glass - its synthesized qualities (for example, heat resistance , strength, bioactivity, controlled electrical conductivity, etc.). Different kinds glass is used in all areas human activity: from construction, fine arts, optics, medicine - to measuring technology, high technology and astronautics, aviation and military equipment.

glass formers

Glass-forming substances include: Oxides: SiO2 B2O3 P2O5 TeO2 GeO2 Fluorides: AlF3, etc.

art glass

Art glass is a very old craft. Glass was used to make not only dishes, window glass, lenses and other utilitarian items, but also a variety of artistic products. Glass blowing is an operation that allows obtaining various shapes from a viscous melt - balls, vases, glasses. The most important working tool of a glassblower, his blowing tube, is a hollow metal tube 1-1.5 m long, one-third sheathed in wood and equipped with a brass mouthpiece at the end. Using a pipe, the glass blower collects molten glass from the furnace, blows it into a ball shape and molds it. The finished product is knocked off the tube onto a fork and carried into the annealing furnace. The trace (nozzles, cap) remaining from the rebound must be removed by grinding

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Glass is... Glass is one of the most ancient and, due to the variety of its properties, a universal material in human practice. Physico-chemically - inorganic substance, solid body; structurally - amorphous, isotropic; Aggregately, all types of glasses are an extremely viscous supercooled liquid that reaches a glassy state during cooling at a rate sufficient to prevent the crystallization of melts obtained within specified temperature limits (from 300 to 2500 ºС), which are due to the oxide, fluoride or phosphate origin of their compositions.

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The history of glass It has not yet been reliably established how and where glass was first obtained. For a long time, the primacy in the discovery of glassmaking was recognized by Egypt, to which the glass-glazed faience tiles of the inner facings of the Jesser pyramid (mid-III millennium BC) were considered undoubted evidence; to an even earlier period (the first dynasty of the pharaohs) are the finds of faience jewelry (see above), that is, glass existed in Egypt already 5 thousand years ago. Egyptian glassmakers melted glass on open hearths in earthenware bowls. The sintered pieces were thrown hot into the water, where they cracked, and these fragments, the so-called frits, were ground into dust by millstones and melted again. ancient vase

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Properties of glass Glass is an inorganic isotropic substance, a material known and used since ancient times. It also exists in its natural form, in the form of minerals (obsidian - volcanic glass), but in practice - most often, as a product of glassmaking - one of the oldest technologies in material culture. Structurally - amorphous substance, aggregate related to the category - a solid body. In practice, there is a huge number of modifications, implying a lot of various utilitarian possibilities, determined by the composition, structure, chemical and physical properties.

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Currently, materials have been developed for an extremely wide, truly universal range of applications, which are both inherent initially (for example, transparency, reflectivity, resistance to aggressive environments, beauty, and many others) and previously uncharacteristic of glass - its synthesized qualities (for example, heat resistance , strength, bioactivity, controlled electrical conductivity, etc.). Various types of glasses are used in all spheres of human activity: from construction, fine arts, optics, medicine - to measuring equipment, high technologies and astronautics, aviation and military equipment.

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Glass-forming substances Glass-forming substances include: Oxides: SiO2 B2O3 P2O5 TeO2 GeO2 Fluorides: AlF3, etc.

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Artistic glass Artistic glass is a very old craft. Glass was used to make not only dishes, window glass, lenses and other utilitarian items, but also a variety of artistic products. Glass blowing is an operation that allows obtaining various shapes from a viscous melt - balls, vases, glasses. The most important working tool of a glassblower, his blowing tube, is a hollow metal tube 1-1.5 m long, one-third sheathed in wood and equipped with a brass mouthpiece at the end. Using a pipe, the glass blower collects molten glass from the furnace, blows it into a ball shape and molds it. The finished product is knocked off the tube onto a fork and carried into the annealing furnace. The trace (nozzles, cap) remaining from the rebound must be removed by grinding

Slide 8

Types of glasses Depending on the main glass-forming substance used, glasses are oxide fluoride, sulfide, etc. The basic method for producing silicate glass is to melt a mixture of quartz sand (SiO2), soda (Na2CO3) and lime (CaO). The result is a chemical complex with the composition Na2O*CaO*6SiO2. Quartz glass is obtained by melting high purity silica raw materials (usually quartzite, rock crystal), its chemical formula is SiO2. Quartz glass can also be of natural origin, formed when lightning strikes deposits of quartz sand. Optical glass - used for the manufacture of lenses, prisms, cuvettes, etc. Chemical-laboratory glass - glass with high chemical and thermal stability. OPTICAL GLASS Quartz glass