Brick house pros. Pros and cons of houses made of stone, brick and concrete

Every adult thinks about building or buying their own home. Most families want to live in big houses.

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This option has many advantages. However, you will encounter some nuances that it is better to know about in advance and be ready to deal with them. How to build a house of brick and is it worth taking on this business.

In order for the house to turn out to be reliable and inexpensive, you need to choose wisely building materials. In our case, this is a brick. At first glance, it seems that it is the same for all manufacturers. But this is an erroneous opinion. In pursuit of revenue, companies often use cheap supplements. This will inevitably affect product quality, reduce resistance external environment and terms of operation. Choose only proven manufacturers who value their reputation. So you will make the first and very important contribution to your future home.

There are no problems with the range of building materials on the market today. There are those that are able to replace the brick. But, as a rule, they are more expensive. Using them, you increase the total cost of the entire structure. This option is not suitable for everyone. If the choice fell on brickwork, then you need to look at the products, and especially the manufacturers and make a choice.

What are the most popular types you will see on store shelves:

Building. Most often used for masonry with external and inside. Finished with plaster on top.
Facing. Designed for finishing walls. Him correct form, there are no deformations and chips. Color is even with no blemishes.
Silicate. Produced from quartz sand and lime. It has excellent sound insulation. Used in construction interior walls. It does not withstand a large load, therefore it is not used for masonry bearing walls multi-storey buildings.
Full bodied. There are no voids in it. It is used in the construction of any structures. Withstands heavy loads.
Void. Unlike the previous species, it has cavities. With its help, light elements of buildings are erected. It is also used for finishing or insulating walls.
Ceramic. Made from clay. It is fired in kilns at high temperatures. Ceramic brick is different kind. Accordingly, it is used for various purposes: the construction of walls, front decoration, the structure of chimneys and stoves.
Clinker. The most durable variety. Has excellent characteristics: frost-resistant, durable, resistant to high temperatures.
Curly. During construction, they are used for the construction of complex, unusual in shape window and doorways for building finishing.
Effective. It is hollow and able to withstand a large load. It is used to reduce the overall mass of the structure. At the same time, thermal insulation becomes better than in construction with solid bricks.

Advantages and disadvantages

The use of such material has a number of advantages and disadvantages. Of the positive aspects, the following should be noted:

Unlike wood, brick does not rot and is attacked by wood bugs. Therefore, there is no need for antiseptic treatment.
Wooden houses shrink. Therefore, before installing windows and doors, you must wait certain time. When erecting brick house there is no such problem and the construction time is reduced.
Brick walls are fire-resistant, moisture-proof and keep heat well.
Compared to wooden house, brick is more durable and little affected by aggressive environmental factors.
Brick is a budget material and is suitable for the construction of housing for any category of the population. The stores offer a wide range of products. It is easy to find and buy. Transportation to the place does not cause any difficulties.

Unlike wood, brick does not rot and is attacked by wood bugs.

The disadvantages can only be seen in comparison with the construction of a house from blocks.

If a monolithic-brick house is chosen for construction, the pros and cons of such a building must be taken into account. It is a building for the construction of which bricks, a reinforcing structure and a concrete mass are used. As a rule, in such buildings, concrete is used to create the frame part of the entire structure, but walls and exterior decoration are made of brick.

Features of houses of monolithic-brick type

What is a monolithic-brick house, almost everyone knows. The principle of its construction is as follows: if the house will have several floors, then a reinforced concrete frame is made on the slab or foundation. In this case, a formwork of a removable type is used, which will be transported from one floor to another. In addition, non-removable formwork can be used for construction. Floor slabs and columns, which are also supports, are poured.

Brick is the oldest material used in construction. Such buildings were erected in the days of Ancient Rome. But monolithic buildings are a newer option. It was invented at the beginning of the 20th century in Germany, and this type of construction almost immediately became one of the most popular. In the early 90s, monolithic-brick houses began to appear more and more often in Russia.

For such a construction, hollow-type bricks are usually used. One-and-a-half and double bricks of a solid type are used in order to reduce material costs for cubic meter. In addition, such construction of the building is carried out much faster. For the frame, reinforcement is used, which has a cross section of 1-1.2 cm. Formwork can be made using any material.

Brick-monolithic houses have the following features:

In such houses there is no set layout, so the owners of the apartment will be able to choose how many rooms they need and how they will be located.
The construction of such structures is typical for central and southern regions countries. This is due to the fact that there is a favorable climate for such construction. But in northern regions weather hinder such a process.
Most houses of this type have autonomous heating systems, which are planned in the project of the entire building. Such heating costs owners 3 times cheaper than centralized heating. But in houses in which central heating is immediately planned, it is quite difficult to switch to an autonomous system.

Since brick walls, as a rule, are made of several layers (that is, there must be an inner layer, insulation and cladding), in order to maintain the reliability and rigidity of the structure, all elements are connected with reinforcement and masonry mesh. If masons are not experienced enough, then they do not understand the importance of the fact that the masonry must be reinforced. As a rule, builders consider this an overkill, thinking that floors can hold on brick walls. The wall will be open if the masonry is laid out on monolithic slab without support, and then fix everything with cement. The walls will begin to gradually bend after shrinkage of the support-type structures. As a result, cracks and other defects will appear.

In the future, this can lead to the fact that moisture will enter the walls through cracks, especially during rains with oblique jets. Then the brick sticks out, washed out cement mortar. These defects can cause big problems, so a set of measures must be taken to prevent the destruction of the building. Even if you follow all the technology, the probability of cracks in the first years of using the building still remains, even if the shrinkage is minimal and uniform.

To prevent the appearance of cracks, the following must be done:

Use high quality sand concrete for screed. To make the material plastic, it is supposed to add a plasticizer to the mixture. In addition, reinforcement is also important, the use of expansion joints.
Even if tiles of a seamless type are used, then it is supposed to be glued, leaving small indents. Use crosses.
It is recommended to use fiberglass for the construction of the ceiling and walls. Thanks to him, the likelihood of cracks on the finishing layer is reduced to a minimum.
A parquet-type board can be laid not on a screed, but on plywood. This option allows you to make the structure floating.

In addition, there are other nuances that must be taken into account.

Advantages and disadvantages of a monolithic-brick house

Brick-monolithic house has the following advantages:

The frame, which is made of reinforced concrete of a monolithic type, is distinguished by the ability to withstand seismic vibrations.
The materials used are environmentally friendly.
Saving materials.
It is possible to build a monolithic house, while relying only on an individual project, so that the layout will be at the choice of residents.
The building can have any configuration.
The house will stand for about 200 years.
There are no seams.
To build walls outside, you can use brick with different shade and invoice. Thanks to this, you can get beautiful brick houses.
The drawdown rate of the house is minimal, so cracks appear extremely rarely.
The load on the foundation is much less than that of other types of buildings.
Construction will not take much time due to its ease.
Typically, the ceiling height in such apartments is from 3 m.
Thanks to modern technologies you can reliably protect the building and keep it warm. For example, brick facades additionally insulate mineral wool. You can also clad these walls to protect them from the effects of wind and precipitation.
The house, which is made of brick and reinforced concrete, is very durable.
You can build a tall building.
Construction can be carried out throughout the year without interruption. For this, it is additionally necessary to use additives for frost resistance.

In addition, brick-monolithic construction has a number of disadvantages, which include the following:

The monolithic type frame transmits sounds and vibrations well.
The thermal conductivity is quite high.
If a non-removable formwork of foam blocks is used to build a house, then for such a building it is dangerous high performance temperature (over 90°C). Then it is required to carry out additional plastering work or sheathe the building with non-combustible materials. Moreover, such work should be carried out both indoors and on the outside.
Such buildings can be built even in urban areas, when the area for construction is very small.
Grounding is required for such a house, since the frame is made of reinforced concrete.
To build such a house, you need to use special equipment. For example, these are cranes, mortar pumps, concrete mixers and so on.

In addition, there are other features that should always be taken into account.

Construction technology of a private and multi-storey building

The construction of monolithic-brick houses is a fast process. If you need to build private house, then the instruction will be as follows:

First prepare the site for construction. Carry out the marking of the territory.
Lay the foundation of the tape type. It must be monolithic.
Install frame with reinforcement.
Install fixed formwork. The thickness of the walls is recommended to be 30-50 cm.
Next, work on the concrete. In order to build a house with 1 floor, it will take about a couple of weeks.
To make partitions inside the house, you can use bricks.

For finishing outside, plaster, brick and other materials are suitable.

Construction technology high-rise building will be like this:

Make a project with all necessary documentation. Be sure to make all the calculations and check them.
Further exercise excavation i.e. dig a hole.
To equip the foundation of a beam monolithic type.
Formation of a frame with reinforcement.
Formwork arrangement.
The frame, which is located in the formwork, is poured with concrete mass.

When the concrete is completely dry, you need to remove the formwork and rearrange it to the next floor. Now you can start building the next floor. But the frame needs to be equipped immediately for the entire building. When several floors have already been made, then you can begin to build partitions and walls of the outer type. To do this, it is recommended to use a brick of a silicate or ceramic type. At the same time, in order to build new levels of the building, it is supposed to connect electricity and deal with other engineering networks.

Formwork and redevelopment

Due to the fact that the walls monolith-brick house have columns in the form of supports, apartments in such buildings can be redevelopment. Moreover, you can choose any option that you like, make arches, openings in the walls, and so on. But it is necessary to remember some rules that must be observed so that the layout in the future is completely legal. They are as follows:

It is forbidden to dismantle walls, beams, load-bearing supports, ventilation. It is impossible to wall up the wiring in the walls and gas pipes, risers from a centralized heating system.
If it is necessary to change the gasification system or water supply, then you need to contact special services. It is forbidden to perform such work on your own.
It is forbidden to put a bathroom above the living quarters and the kitchen of the neighbors.
Fire extinguishers must not be removed.
If you need to re-plan the kitchen, bathroom or bathroom, then everything should first be agreed with the neighbors.
The area of living rooms should be at least 9 square meters. m, and the width of the room must be at least 2 m and 25 cm. Heating batteries and windows must be present.
At the utility room, it is forbidden to increase the territory at the expense of living rooms, but you can make the corridor larger.

For the construction of a monolithic-brick house, 2 formwork options are used. First, it's removable. It can be used many times. Secondly, it is non-removable. It is only disposable. As for the latter, this one is perfect for the construction of one-story buildings. For houses with several floors, this option is allowed, but are used scaffolding. To create such a formwork, walls are made of hollow-core slabs. To do this, use a wood-cement composition or polystyrene foam. Plates or composition are attached with metal ties. It remains only to pour the concrete solution into the space between the plates and wait until it hardens. As a result, the wall will include 3 layers. Due to this, it has excellent thermal and sound insulation properties. In addition, facades can be additionally insulated with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. It is recommended to use ties that have a coating with anti-corrosion properties.

Conclusion

If the house is monolithic, brick is also used, then such a building is very convenient. It is created from concrete, reinforcement and bricks. Like all other types of structures, it has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The construction of brick buildings is one of the time-tested options for building housing. Such houses have many advantages - they are environmental friendliness, weather resistance and reliability. Today there are several types of brick buildings:

monolithic brick type;
crossbar;
glazed.

A monolithic-brick house is a building, the materials for the construction of which were concrete, reinforcement and brick. Typically, concrete in such houses is used to build the frame of the structure, and brick is used for partitions, walls and exterior finish.

The principle of erecting a monolithic-brick building is as follows: a reinforced concrete frame is erected on a slab (if the house has few floors) or a pile foundation. Such a structure is erected using a removable formwork, which is moved from floor to floor. Also, for the construction of a house, you can use a fixed type of formwork. Thus, floor slabs and supporting columns are poured.

Brick is the oldest material for building walls. Buildings made of such material first began to appear in ancient rome. More new technology is a monolithic construction. It appeared in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century, and practically won recognition all over the world. Brick-monolithic construction began to be actively introduced in Russia in the early 90s. This type of building has its pros and cons.

Building materials

For the construction of houses, mainly hollow bricks are used. In order to reduce material consumption per 1 m3 of masonry and speed up the pace of construction, you can use one and a half or double solid brick. For the reinforcing frame, reinforcement with a cross section of 10–12 mm is used. Formwork can be made from any material.

Features of a monolithic-brick high-rise building

living space in such houses does not have a fixed layout, that is, the owner of the housing himself can decide how many rooms he will have and what configuration they will be;
construction of buildings made of reinforced concrete and brick is more typical for areas that are located in the south and center of the country. This is due to the most favorable climate in these parts of the country. In the northern part of Russia, monolithic construction is difficult due to weather conditions.

Pros and cons of monolithic-brick housing construction

Monolithic-brick housing construction has its pros and cons.

pros

Minuses

monolithic frame transmits vibration and sound well;
high thermal conductivity;
if a fixed formwork made of foam plastic blocks is used for the construction of a building, then high temperatures (more than 90 degrees) will be dangerous for it. In this case, it is necessary to carry out plastering work or make sheathing from non-combustible materials. Moreover, such work is carried out both outside and inside the building;
such buildings can be erected in cramped urban conditions;
a monolithic house needs grounding, since its frame consists of metal and concrete;
for the construction of a building, it is necessary to use a specialized construction equipment and equipment (mortar pumps, cranes, concrete mixers, etc.).

The technology of building a multi-storey building

After the concrete hardens, it will be necessary to remove the formwork and rearrange it for the device of the next floor. Thus, it will be necessary to erect the entire frame of the building.

After the first few floors have been built, you can begin to install partitions and external walls. For these purposes, ceramic or silicate bricks are used.

Simultaneously with the construction of new floors, it is necessary to carry out all network engineering and connect electricity.

Finishing work

The technology of building a private house

Preparation and marking of the site for the house.
Laying a monolithic strip foundation.
Reinforcing cage installation.
Install fixed formwork. The thickness of the walls should be 300–500 mm.
Produce concrete works. It will take about two weeks to build the walls of a one-story private house.
For the construction of partitions, you can use brick.

Brick, plaster or other finishing material is used as an exterior finish.

To date the best combination materials can be called a combination of reinforced concrete and brick. A house built from such materials meets all modern requirements for residential development.

Disadvantages of brick houses:

1. Small brick size. Longer and more labor-intensive work on laying walls. This disadvantage does not apply to all types of bricks. There are stone sizes comparable to the size of a foam block, for example, a block of warm ceramics 510x250x219.

2. "Wet" work with cement and masonry. Hence the limited possibilities for laying walls in winter period, the need to supply water to construction site etc. water restrictions.

3. High thermal conductivity of bricks. A brick wall should have a solid thickness. Again, this disadvantage does not apply to warm ceramics, or to the so-called porous type of brick. Its thermal conductivity is comparable to wood and aerated concrete.

4. Due to the large weight, it is inconvenient to stack, transport, and bring. High costs for loading and unloading operations using a crane, forklift. In addition, the foundation of a brick house must be very impressive and well reinforced for the same reason.

5. A brick house is heated for a long time and has a high temperature inertia. Consequently - high costs for heating, especially if the house is a country house. You have to live in a brick house all the time.

6. Required interior decoration premises. The walls inside the brick room are far from ideal. Of course, the basement, garage, can be left unfinished, it will even look original.

7. Long period of shrinkage of brick structures. The shrinkage is small, but it is there. Mainly due to the shrinkage of the foundation itself, because the house is not as light as, say, foam concrete or frame. The brick itself is a hard ceramic material. His shrinkage is negligible. Therefore, in new brick houses, they are not particularly in a hurry to make a final repair and “drive out” the walls. It is advisable to wait a year or two, or finish with materials that are resistant to shrinkage (gypsum board sheets, stretch ceiling, plastic).

8. High cost. Brick is still one of the most expensive materials in construction. The cost of masonry, even from warm ceramics (that is, with the same thickness and thermal conductivity as foam concrete), is at least 2 times higher than foam concrete.

9. Relatively low radioactivity, but not as high as heavy concretes.

Advantages of brick houses:

1. High weather and temperature resistance. Brick has a significant number of freeze/freeze cycles. Usually - 35F - this is the smallest number of cycles for the worst type of brick. The average is around 50F. Not afraid of getting wet. For comparison - in foam concrete F15-F35 at D600 density.

2. Fireproof. The brick does not burn and keeps a high temperature (with the exception of gas silicate).

3. Biologically stable material. Not susceptible to fungus, mold, insects, rodents.

4. Good noise insulator. This is especially true for buildings close to highways.

5. Durability, reliability (a house can stand for 100-150 years without any problems). Brick is treated as such a reliable, strong, stable material.

6. High strength. The average compressive strength of a brick is M100-M125. For comparison - in foam concrete M35-M50. Therefore, the number of storeys of brick houses significantly exceeds the number of storeys of foam concrete houses. In addition, there are no concerns for laying floors between floors. Of course, it does not hurt to make a reinforcing belt, but the requirements for its reinforcement are much lower than for a foam concrete house.

7. Beauty and aesthetics. The brick house looks very beautiful and impressive.

Having decided to build a house of brick, the pros and cons of this material should be studied in advance. Ultimately, its performance characteristics and the cost of the entire construction depend on what the walls of the future dwelling will be built from. Let us consider in more detail the advantages and disadvantages of ceramic bricks.

Houses made of ceramic bricks have been in high demand for a long time, because. have outstanding performance and demonstrate the level of status of the owner of the house.

Material Features

Ceramic (red) brick - popular modern material, made from clay of a fine fraction with the addition of various impurities.

The type and amount of additives are strictly regulated depending on the characteristics that are required from the output units. Brick acquires its final properties after firing in special kilns.

Varieties of ceramic bricks:

To size. Standard ceramic material has the same length and width - 250x120 mm. The name and marking of the brick depend on the height of the product. Released: single brick(height 65 mm), one and a half or thickened (height 88 mm), double (height 140 mm). Another type of material is euro brick (250x85x65 mm) and fourteen types of ceramic blocks.
According to the standard classification, bricks are distinguished: class I (used for the construction of load-bearing walls), class II (used for ordinary buildings, interior partitions, enclosing structures), class III (used for building cladding).
By surface type: smooth and corrugated.
By structure (presence of voids): full-bodied (without holes) and hollow (with holes in the form of circles or squares).

There is also a special refractory ceramic brick that is used in the construction of fireplaces, stoves and chimneys.

A variety of types and a wide range of applications of ceramic material are an undoubted advantage in the construction of a house, as there is a brick for building a foundation, and for building walls, and for final cladding.

Main advantages

A house built by professionals from ceramic bricks will please the owners high quality and durability. And all this thanks to the undoubted advantages of the building material.

Advantages of ceramic bricks:

Long service life. According to manufacturers, a well-built brick house can last a very long time. Modern brick and monolithic buildings made of ceramic blocks have a service life of 125-150 years.

Ease of laying. The construction of walls and partitions from ceramic bricks does not require special skills that differ from the usual laying of brick buildings.
Variety of sizes. Allows you to realize any conceived architectural solution.
High strength. Domestic and external walls bricks are highly resistant to various external influences.
Fire resistance. ceramic block and the brick does not burn, which means it protects the home from the onset and spread of fire.
Frost resistance. Houses made of ceramic bricks show high performance values in harsh cold climates.
The ability to efficiently store heat. Brick house has good heat capacity. The walls of such housing slowly give off heat in winter (they cool down for a long time and retain heat) and heat up slightly in summer. ceramic walls smooth out fluctuations in air temperature and humidity, increasing the comfort of residents.
Environmental friendliness of the material. All components of the mixtures from which ceramic bricks are made are natural, absolutely safe for humans and the environment.
Good soundproofing. The thickness of the interior walls in the house, even half a brick, muffles almost all sounds, allowing each family member to enjoy peace and relaxation.
Wide range of colors and aesthetics. The brick house is beautiful. The modern variety of shades of facing ceramic bricks opens up wide possibilities for decorating a building, allowing you to realize the most original projects.

Ceramic brick and block are unpretentious in maintenance, not prone to the formation of mold and fungal deposits on the surface (without additional processing).

Main disadvantages

A brick house, the pros and cons of which must be carefully weighed before starting construction, still has a number of disadvantages. These include:

a fairly tangible cost of quality material;
longer construction period (when using standard bricks);
susceptibility to chemical corrosion (manifested in the form of efflorescence on the surface of white plaque blocks);
difficulty in selecting shades of brick when buying material from different batches or from different manufacturers.

Other disadvantages may be due to the poor quality of the brick. Possible problems:

geometry violation;
fragility (especially if a low-quality ceramic block is used);
low compressive strength;
high moisture absorption (does not allow the use of ceramic blocks in rooms with high humidity and significantly reduces the number of freeze-thaw cycles of masonry).

When building a house of ceramic bricks, the pros and cons of which we examined, it should be remembered that only high-quality material purchased from a conscientious manufacturer will allow you to build a dream building. And such a house will stand for more than one century, delighting grandchildren and great-grandchildren.