Types of metal partitions in the apartment. All about interior partitions: materials, construction features, sound insulation

An interior partition can be a wall in essence, but it can only half-cover the space, it can be deaf, transparent or even suspended from the ceiling, it can divide a room or act as its decor. In a word, as many needs as the modern owner of an apartment or house has, so many offers on the market. Made of various materials, different sizes, shapes and methods of execution - interior partitions, meanwhile, always perform an important function - they zone the room into functional segments. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the options for creating interior partitions for a wide variety of cases with the help of our large-scale selection. At your service are 100 ideas for modern room designs with different functional accessories.

Interior partitions - the choice of material of manufacture

Depending on what function the interior partitions will perform, the material of execution is also selected. Someone needs a full-fledged wall that can bear the weight of hanging shelves or cabinets, while others need more of a decorative element that adorns the interior. Consider various materials for the execution of interior partitions, their advantages and disadvantages, technological characteristics, the possibility of self-assembly and affordability.

So, interior partitions can be made from the following materials:

• brick (full, hollow, clinker, ceramic);
• drywall;
• glass blocks;
• glass;
• aerated concrete blocks;
• expanded clay concrete blocks;
• metal;
• polycarbonate;
• acrylic;
• tree (bamboo, wickerwork, twigs, branches);
• combination of different materials within one product.

Brick partitions - building, hollow and clinker

Walls, and from brick (hollow, solid or clinker), it is usually the interior walls that are erected, that are the heaviest partitions. But their properties of strength and sound insulation are unrivaled. If you need a major partition between rooms or indoors, then brick can be an ideal material for execution.

Massive cabinets and shelves can be hung on solid brick and clinker walls without any problems. Various structures can also be hung on partitions made of hollow material, but it will be necessary to use reinforced fasteners, because. fasteners can get into the empty cavity of the product. The installation of a wall made of hollow bricks can reduce the load on the floor by about 20-30% compared to structures made of solid material. But the soundproofing qualities are reduced by about the same amount.

Structures made of traditional brick and clinker are heavy, so they can only be mounted on concrete floors. Expert advice is needed, both in apartment buildings and when building walls in private dwellings on the upper floors. But in any case, this occupation is quite laborious, not cheap and requires further processing - plastering, painting or wallpapering, wall panels. Clinker brick structures are usually not plastered, using the decorative effect of the products. But clinker structures have a high cost due to the price tag on the material itself.

Ceramic brick walls

Cheaper and faster, compared to the construction of partitions from ordinary bricks, will be the installation of a wall of ceramic products with a thickness of 11.5 cm. Indoors, walls made of light ceramic bricks can provide an ample level of sound insulation. Usually, walls made of this type of building material are plastered, less often covered with drywall. A ceramic partition can withstand hanging cabinets and shelves, but for fastening it will be necessary to use special spring pins designed for porous bricks.

Partition of glass blocks (luxfers)

Partitions made of glass blocks are most often used in cases where they want to save (without significant losses, at least) the penetration of lighting into different functional segments of the space, but at the same time get a sufficiently strong, wear-resistant and durable interior wall. Most often, the use of this expensive material is determined by a stylistic need, decorative qualities.

Construction of partitions from aerated concrete blocks

Aerated concrete or cellular blocks are a very popular material for the quick and inexpensive construction of interior walls and partitions. The main advantage of the material is its high flexibility to create surfaces of various shapes. If you need an original partition with smooth lines, original openings, or simply with internal wiring, aerated concrete products will be the best choice.

Compared to any type of brick, cellular concrete partitions have worse soundproofing properties. But, if you do not have the goal of protecting one zone from another in terms of penetrating noise, then this material that is easy to install can help you quickly create the desired partition.

Expanded clay blocks for interior structures

Expanded clay interior partitions are easy to build, they have sufficient strength for hanging shelves and cabinets (but still less than that of brick walls), they have sufficient wear resistance and durability. In addition, expanded clay concrete products perfectly absorb sound.

A partition made of expanded clay blocks can be mounted using a conventional mortar and plastered with the so-called ecological plaster - clay, lime, gypsum or cement. At a cost, such a design will cost less than a wall made of conventional concrete blocks.

Modern plasterboard partitions

A fairly popular way to create partitions of various modifications is the use of drywall products. Recently, the use of moisture-resistant panels has been effective, which can be installed even in bathrooms and bathrooms. Typically, a partition consists of two drywall panels mounted on a metal profile: mineral wool filler can be laid between them. As a rule, the thickness of such partitions does not exceed 10-12 cm, but may be smaller.

If we talk about the positive qualities of drywall partitions, then their presence in the premises has a positive effect on their microclimate - the structures are able to absorb and release moisture contained in the air. Such partitions can be erected very quickly, moreover, they do not require plastering, only putty joints.

Heavy objects cannot be hung on plasterboard interior walls. If such an action is necessary, then the fastening elements must be located inside the structure itself, mounted to metal profiles. Another disadvantage is the low impact strength (which is why they try not to use drywall partitions in children's rooms).

Partitions made of wood of various species

An interior partition made of wood of one modification or another can be either a very expensive product or cost you practically nothing - it all depends on what kind of wood it is made of, or you used waste material. In any case, wood products always bring notes of natural warmth, comfort and uniqueness to the interior.

Most often, wooden partitions appear in their natural color scheme with a beautiful natural pattern ...

But there are also situations when painting a wooden partition or its elements is necessary ...

The same group of interior partitions made of natural material includes various structures made of bamboo, vines, branches, twigs and other plants. The exclusivity of the interior with similar zoning elements will be provided to you.

Glass partitions - transparent and frosted

Glass partitions are used in cases where it is necessary to create a clear zoning, while maintaining the spread of light to all functional areas of the room. As a rule, for the manufacture of transparent or frosted partitions, especially strong and safe for humans, tempered glass is used (even if the surface is broken, a person will not be injured by fragments due to a special protective film that prevents the glass from scattering).

Most often, glass partitions can be seen in bathrooms and bathrooms. They can protect the shower area from the rest of the room or divide the room into a toilet and a segment for taking water procedures. In modern design projects, it is increasingly possible to find the use of absolutely transparent glass to create small partitions. But also matte products, surfaces with a pattern and photo printing are found as a decorative element of the interior, which, meanwhile, performs its main functions.

Partitions in the form of glass compartment doors can reliably fence off one of the functional segments located in the common room. Excellent soundproofing qualities, almost complete distribution of light fluxes and the ability not to burden the image of the room make this type of partition very popular. Although it is expensive and requires the participation of specialists.

Glass partitions with a pattern, laser engraving, photo printing or stained-glass window technique can not only decorate the interior, but become its highlight.

Examples of combining materials to create original partitions

One of the most common combinations of different materials for creating partitions is the use of glass inserts for a metal or wooden frame. Such partitions perfectly transmit light, but have good sound insulation. Such a combination is important if you need to separate, for example, an office from a living room and soundproof it, but at the same time be able to keep an eye on children who are in the adjacent functional segment.

The variety of interior partitions in terms of design and functions

Partition-rack

An excellent combination of functionality and aesthetics is the use of a shelving unit as an interior partition (and not necessarily a bookcase). An effective storage system and a beautiful element of the interior, which, among other things, zones the room. The advantage of such structures is that they can be used equally effectively on both sides of the zoned space.

One of the options for using storage systems as partitions is to create a spacious closet. It is up to you to decide whether to have storage systems on one side or two, or maybe use false facades in some places, use glass inserts or create a completely blank design.

The name speaks for itself - less durable surfaces - screens - are attached to supports made of durable material (metal, wood or columns made of bricks or blocks) (they allow you to reduce the weight of the structure and reduce its cost, as well as bring an element of exclusivity to the image of the room). \

Interior partition-fireplace

A stationary interior partition in the form of a fireplace is a modern and very popular device, despite the fact that it requires considerable financial and time costs for construction. Such a design hardly resembles ordinary partitions, because it has a very large width, sufficient for arranging an air duct, a chimney for a hearth. The obvious advantage of a double-sided fireplace is the ability to watch the flame dance in the hearth from different areas of the room.

Rotary partitions

An original and at the same time incredibly functional device - rotary partitions. The structures look like horizontal blinds, which, depending on the angle of rotation, can create different levels of closeness of one or another segment of the room.

Support partitions

One of the options for interior partitions, which are created not only for zoning rooms, but also for creating a support for any element of the interior, are structures that support steps and other parts of stairs. Most often, such partitions are made of wood or metal. It is extremely rare that they are performed in a continuous form, most often such partitions have holes, perforations.

The partition can serve as a support for various consoles and countertops, storage systems and even seating. It all depends on the purpose of the room in which the multifunctional element of the interior is located.

Partition - a decorative element

Often, the interior partition acts not so much as an enclosing surface, but as a decorative element. Indeed, for the embodiment of the imagination of a designer or owners of apartments and houses, there are currently practically no boundaries. It all depends on your preferences, the chosen interior design concept and financial capabilities.

Interior partitions - effective zoning

To begin with, we must understand what we call a partition in an apartment. Partition or any non-load-bearing partition. Most modern new buildings of monolithic housing construction are built without interior partitions. The construction of partitions is transferred from the shoulders of the builders to the shoulders of the owners of the apartment. It is for them that the question of what to make a partition in the apartment is the most relevant.

There is one fundamental question to the choice of material for a partition between rooms: In what room will the partition be built? Having answered this question, we will be able to more accurately understand what to make a partition from and choose the material for the interior partition. I'll explain why.

Any new partition in the room creates an additional load on the floor of the room, to be more precise, on the ceiling in the house. If your house, whether it is an apartment building or a private house, has restrictions on the load on the ceiling, for example, they are wooden, you need to choose a lightweight material for the partition. For example, drywall on a metal or wooden frame. If the floors in the house are strong enough, for example, floor slabs, then you can arrange a partition made of bricks or lightweight concrete blocks. Next, let's look at the pros and cons of various materials for interior partitions.

Popular materials for a partition in an apartment

Speaking of a partition in an apartment, the following popular materials come to mind from which you can make a partition between rooms (we rank by popularity):

• Foam blocks, including tongue-and-groove slabs;
• cinder blocks;
• Drywall on the frame;
• Brick.

As I said, by a partition in an apartment, we mean any non-load-bearing wall in the apartment, including the wall separating the bathroom and toilet (if any).

You can make a partition in the apartment of foam concrete blocks

Foam concrete block is a building material with strength and fire resistance close to concrete, but with improved sound and thermal insulation characteristics.

For interior partitions, foam concrete blocks are used, they are also called aerated concrete blocks, 50 or 150 mm thick. Foam concrete is perfectly cut with hacksaws on wood, which greatly simplifies their installation.

The laying of these blocks is carried out on a cement masonry mortar or gypsum adhesive for foam blocks. Glue for foam blocks is sold in the form of a dry mix and is closed with water until ready. You need to pay attention to important nuances:

• When laying a partition, it is better to lay the lower row of blocks on a cement mortar;
• When using cement masonry mortar in masonry, it is better to moisten foam concrete blocks before laying so that moisture does not leave the mortar;
• Wetting the blocks is not required if glue is used for masonry;
• Laying foam blocks in the bathroom, it is better to do it on tile glue. In general, tile adhesive is suitable for laying foam blocks, but is not actively used because of the price.

Disadvantages of foam concrete blocks

Foam concrete blocks, of course, have their drawbacks, this is the fear of water, the high cost of special glue, and impact fragility, but all these shortcomings do not work for an interior partition. So, for the partition in the apartment there is one drawback - the price per square meter of the partition made. A little cheaper are the interroom partitions made of cinder blocks.

Cinder block for interior partitions

Cinder block is a building material that is made from waste slag rocks. His appearance is gray (make color) with noticeable inclusions. Requires external finishing (plaster).

But it does not absorb moisture and easily, without wetting, fits on a cheap masonry, cement mortar. In the photo we see the laying of a partition from a hollow cinder block. There is a second option, full-bodied cinder blocks. Cinder blocks are actively used for the construction of walls in low-rise construction, so they are often called a wall block. By the way, many make them on their own, but this is not for repairing an apartment.

Tongue-and-groove block or tongue-and-groove plate (PGP)

I will not talk for a long time about the tongue-and-groove plate. In fact, this is the same foam concrete block, but with locks around the perimeter (ridges and grooves). They are expensive, but easy to fit because of the locks.

Advantages

• PGP is easy to saw, the lock fits into the groove easily.

Flaws

• The tongue-and-groove slab (GWP) in itself is expensive, especially of high quality;
• Glue for her is expensive and you need a lot of it;
• Therefore, a square meter of a partition is expensive. But, as you understand, this is a subjective drawback.

Drywall partition

I wrote a lot of articles about drywall partitions on this site. Here they are:

• Entries not found

Here I list the disadvantages of drywall partitions

• Poor sound insulation, even with the observance of soundproofing technologies for plasterboard partitions.
• Drywall is a material that is very easy to damage, but hanging anything on it is problematic.
• The service life of such a prefabricated partition is much shorter than a monolithic partition from the same foam blocks. Although the installation time is much less.

Classics of the genre - brick

To divide the common space of a large room or redevelop the entire apartment, many homeowners dismantle old and erect new partitions. When planning such alterations of living space, it must be remembered that only partitions that do not perform a bearing function can be installed and demolished. Alterations associated with the reconstruction of the main walls can only be made according to a carefully developed and comprehensively calculated architectural project approved by the relevant organization. This is due to the fact that the supporting structure of the house has a precisely calculated structure, which should not be weakened or overloaded. And it is impossible to determine the possibility of dismantling or installing a main wall on your own, without having the appropriate knowledge and skills.

A logical conclusion suggests itself - space-dividing structures installed in the premises of multi-storey buildings should be as light as possible. Therefore, the owners often have a question about what is better to make partitions in the apartment so that they become functional, have a neat look that fits into the overall interior and do not create an unacceptably high load on the overall structure of the house.

Partition walls and their purpose

The first step is to decide which partition is planned to be built, and for what purpose it will be installed. The fact is that separating structures can be of different types and have different purposes.

So, for example, partitions can be divided into two categories - they are stationary and mobile. In turn, designs can be divided into solid or decorative. To understand in which cases this or that option is established, it is necessary to consider what they are.

Stationary partitions

Stationary partitions can be solid or only conditionally divide the room into several zones.

• Stationary solid partition is installed in cases where it is necessary to completely fence off one of the areas of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment, turning it into a separate full-fledged room or into a utility room. Most often, such a reconstruction is carried out when one of the premises of the apartment has a large area, and there are not enough separate rooms for all family members.

In addition, this approach very often has to be resorted to when arranging an apartment in a new building. It is no secret that in recent years, the practice of renting residential buildings with apartments consisting of a bathroom, a kitchen area and one or two spacious empty areas. At the same time, in the process of finishing work, the future apartment owners themselves determine how many rooms they need, and then on their own, or by attracting builders, one large room is divided by solid stationary partitions. This type of enclosing structures is able to provide a separate room, so to speak, privacy, the required level of sound and heat insulation.

• Stationary decorative partitions. This design option is chosen in cases where one room needs to be divided into separate zones. For example, in one of them place a sleeping place, and in the other - install a desktop or arrange a play part of the room for a child.

This option is quite often chosen for the children's room, since the separation of the various actions of the child implicitly accustoms him to order.

However, sometimes such a division of a large room is also used for a one-room apartment, when it is simply necessary to separate the sleeping area from the one that will be considered. They are also used to separate the kitchen from the dining room and in other similar cases.

Decorative partitions, as a rule, do not have a continuous surface. They are usually made, for example, in the form of racks with numerous shelves of different heights and widths.

Movable partitions

Movable enclosing structures can also either completely cover part of the room, or hide only a certain section of it from prying eyes.

• Movable solid partitions. Such structures are most often not lined up, but installed ready-made, since certain mechanisms must be used to move them. Sliding partitions are installed like compartment doors, so if necessary, one or two of their parts can be moved. Thus, there will be a unification of space - this is why movable partitions are convenient.

The disadvantage of these structures is that they do not provide any serious soundproofing of the enclosed space. So, if behind such a partition one of the family members decides to listen to music, then it will be heard throughout the apartment.

Prices for decorative partitions

decorative partition

Sometimes movable partitions are installed instead of the wall separating the room and the loggia (in the opening instead of the removed window and door block). Due to the fact that this section of the wall is not load-bearing, it is often dismantled in order to increase the usable area.

With such an application, a sliding partition, when closed in the heat of summer, will help keep the room cool. In winter, it will create an additional layer between the wide window of the loggia and the interior, preventing the cooled air from penetrating into the room without hindrance. In addition, the loggia can be used as a completely separate room, for example, if you need to retire for work or leisure. Or, with one movement of the hand, combine it with a large room, significantly expanding it. Usually, partitions covering a window, especially in cases where it is the only one in the room, are made of glass, using a transparent or matte material for this.

Another variant of movable partitions is a folding structure - "accordion". It can either block an overly wide interior opening, or divide a room into two rooms, or into two zones.

This type of construction is unable to provide complete sound and heat insulation, but it can perfectly hide a sleeping place or, for example, a kitchen room, which is combined with a dining room ( ) by a wide opening. In part, this design can be attributed to the decorative options for movable partitions.

• Movable decorative partitions. This category includes lightweight structures that perform the function of only a visual overlap of space, without providing zones with any sound insulation at all.

Such partitions can be located from ceiling to floor or not reach the ceiling surface.

Lightweight movable structures can be made in the form of an "accordion" or open and close like a blind. The latter are especially appropriate in a one-room apartment, as they can be completely moved to one side if necessary to combine space.

Movable decorative partitions include their portable version - screens, which today have practically gone out of design fashion. Although, judging by the comments on the forums, many quite acutely feel the lack of this item in the interior.

The advantage of the screen lies in its extremely high "mobility". That is, it can, if desired, be moved to any place in an apartment or room, and if there is no need for it, simply fold it and put it against the wall, hiding it behind the curtains, or put it in a closet. It is clear that in order to install a screen, no plans, projects, drawings, assembly instructions, etc. are required at all. It usually has a small weight, moving it to the right time and place is the simplest task.

The screen, by and large, will be even more correctly attributed to pieces of furniture. This accessory most often consists of frame frames interconnected by furniture hinges. Any available material can be fixed to the frame - it can be plywood, fabric, panels woven from bamboo straw and much more that will fit well into the intended interior.

Later in this In this article, we will consider only stationary partitions. Those readers who are more interested in sliding structures can be recommended to go to other publications of our portal.

Drywall prices

drywall

How to mount sliding doors or partitions yourself?

The use of such systems allows you to optimize space, which is especially important for apartments with a small area. One of the articles on our portal talks about a different type. And the other provides detailed step-by-step instructions for.

Materials for the construction of stationary partitions

If it is decided to build a stationary version of the partition in the apartment, then you will have to decide what to build it from.

In cases where, for some reason, it is necessary to replace the old partition with a new one, it is often possible to use the same material from which the first one was built. In old houses, brick was most often used for this purpose. However, it is quite possible to replace it with modern designs - the main thing is that the materials used for this purpose do not exceed those previously used in weight.

If the partition will be mounted in a place where it has never been, then it is recommended to legitimize such an alteration in advance. That is, obtain permission from the relevant organizations, which will evaluate the design possibilities of the house and the ability of the floors to withstand additional walls made of one or another material.

So, in order to decide on the choice of material for installing the partition, it is worth considering different options.

brick partition

If permission has been obtained to build a brick partition, then you should know some information about the technical features of this material, as well as its advantages and disadvantages.

For laying partitions, solid brick and having voids can be used. It is quite obvious that for internal partitioning structures it is best to use a hollow version, since it has less weight, higher thermal and sound insulation qualities. Thus, the density of a solid brick is 1600÷1900 kg/m³, and the density of a material having internal voids is 1200÷1500 kg/m³

To virtues Partitions built of bricks can be safely attributed to the following qualities of the material:

• Fairly high soundproofing properties of masonry. So, such partitions, built of solid red brick, lined with a plaster layer on both sides, have the following sound insulation index:

- Masonry in two bricks, 530 mm thick, taking into account the plaster layer - 60 dB. Very good, however, this thickness is categorically not suitable for partitions in apartment buildings. The fact is that it will give too high additional load on the supporting structures of the building.

Brick prices

- Masonry in one brick with a thickness (including plaster) of 260 ÷ 270 mm - 54 dB. A wall of this thickness may be permitted in rooms on the lower floors of an apartment building.

– Half-brick masonry, having a thickness of 130÷150mm together with plaster - 48 dB. It - most favorable and the most commonly used option for the construction of interior partitions.

The sound insulation index is considered normal for walls, which is 50 ÷ 52 dB.

• Brick is an environmentally friendly material, as it is made from natural raw materials. In the process of its production, no toxic substances are used, and the masonry will never emit harmful fumes into the environment.
• Brick is resistant to moisture, so it is used without any restrictions to create partitions in bathrooms, showers, etc.
• There is no doubt the strength and durability of properly executed brickwork.

To shortcomings brick as a material for the construction of internal partitions can be attributed to the following features:

• Considerable the weight of the material creates a high load on the supporting structure of the house. So, a square meter of half-brick masonry, made of solid brick, whose weight is 3.3 ÷ 4.3 kg, is 95.7 ÷ 124.7 kg, since 29 products are required for laying one square meter. One hollow brick has a weight of about 2.5 kg. This means that 1 m² of masonry will give an additional load of an average of 72.5 kg.
• Due to the small size of the brick, the construction of the partition takes quite a lot of time.
• Good skills in masonry technology are required. Only at first sight it seems that laying a brick is simple, however, some skill is needed in this work, otherwise the wall will turn out to be crooked. If there is no experience of a bricklayer, then you will have to invite a qualified master, and his work is not cheap - this means that you will have to "fork out" for additional costs. Judging by the ads of the craftsmen offering their services, the cost of work for one "square" is approximately comparable to the price of a brick that will go into laying such an area.
• After completion of the masonry, as a rule, plaster work follows. And they, in turn, not only take a lot of time, given the drying of the solution, but also add dirt to the room. In addition, plastering a surface with a high quality result is also a very difficult task, accessible to a master finisher with considerable experience.
• Do not forget that the plastered surface also requires decorative finishing - this is also a fairly large amount of work and considerable funds.
• The need for a large amount of materials for the manufacture of masonry mortar, which will have to be purchased, delivered to the house and raised to the floor, should also be taken into account. . For reference - laying 1 m² of a half-brick partition will require a minimum of about 10 kg of cement and 30 kg of sand.

Having studied all the details of building a brick wall, you should immediately assess your strengths and financial capabilities. And also think about the fact that it might make sense to dwell on another, less difficult material for self-assembly.

Partition of foam concrete blocks

Foam concrete and aerated concrete are materials similar to each other, from which blocks are made for the construction of both external walls and internal partitions. To understand what they are, it is necessary to study their characteristics.

This material is obtained by mixing cement, sand and foaming agent with the addition of water to them. Thanks to the foaming agent, closed air bubbles are formed in the structure of the solution, which increase the volume of the material by almost five times, giving it a cellular gas-filled structure.

Foam concrete has good performance characteristics, quite suitable for the construction of partitions. Therefore, such material has become very widespread in new buildings, when the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment is divided into separate rooms.

Foam concrete blocks can be characterized by the following indicators.

• Strength. The foamed solution, hardening at natural temperatures, gains the required design strength after about 28 days. During operation, the strength indicators increase. So, if after 28 days after manufacture it is 1.0, then after a year it is already 1.5, and after five years - 1.8 MPa.
• Thermal insulation qualities. The thermal conductivity of foam blocks of low density (those used for partitions) is only 0.10–0.16 W / m² × ° FROM. Therefore, in rooms separated by such partitions, both heat in winter and coolness in summer will be equally well preserved.
• Breathability. Foam concrete is a "breathable" material, therefore, the air in the rooms does not stagnate. This means that there will be no stagnation of moisture in the material, and pockets of mold will not form on the walls.
• Soundproofing. If it is necessary that this indicator be as high as possible, a material of lower density should be chosen for the partition. In such blocks, a more pronounced porous air-filled a structure that is both a good insulation and effective sound insulation. Therefore, for partitions, foam blocks of the D 400 ÷ 600 brand are most often chosen.

According to the requirements of SNiP, the sound insulation index for fencing structures should be 52–60 dB. However, the foam blocks are a little short of this value, since their sound insulation index is at a thickness of 200 mm - 40 dB, 250 mm - 42 dB, 300 mm - 45 dB. So the brick has higher soundproofing qualities.

• Frost resistance. This parameter is not particularly important for internal partitions, but a few words must also be said about it. Foam blocks are resistant to temperature extremes, and their frost resistance is F35 - F70. The digital indicator indicates the number of cycles of complete freezing and thawing that the material is able to withstand without violating the internal structure of the blocks and without losing its performance characteristics.

• Material shrinkage. Foam concrete masonry practically does not shrink, or rather, it is no more than 2.5 ÷ 3 mm per square meter. This, of course, applies to material that has gained brand strength. Therefore, finishing work on the surfaces of the partition can be started almost immediately after the erection of the wall.
• Foam blocks do not contain toxic substances, so they can be called environmentally friendly material.
• Processing of foam blocks. The material is easily cut with a regular hacksaw. Therefore, to fit the blocks when the need arises, no special tools or equipment are required, no special skills are needed.
• Material weight and dimensions. Foam blocks can have different sizes, however, the following are considered the most popular for partitions - length 600 mm, height 300 mm, thickness from 100 to 200 mm. In terms of mass, there is a significant gain compared to even hollow bricks (on average, almost 2.5 times).

The mass of one block of standard sizes, depending on the brand of foam concrete

(brand in this case is considered an indicator of the density of the material, kg / m³)

There are many other standards for the production of foam concrete blocks. Dimensions in length and height can be different, but it makes no sense to make the thickness for partitions more than 150, maximum 200 mm. This is an excessive weighting of the structure, and unjustified costs of material resources and physical strength, and an uneconomical attitude towards the usable area of ​​the resulting rooms.

Foam block prices

foam block

• moisture absorption. Due to the fact that the blocks are quite hygroscopic, that is, they absorb moisture well, their weight, which is indicated in the table, corresponds to 75% of air humidity. So, moisture absorption foam concrete is up to 14% of the total mass, while brick has an indicator of 12%. As you can see, the difference is not particularly significant, especially since the partitions will still be lined with decorative trim, which will become a protective layer from direct water ingress on the surface.
• The price of foam blocks. The cost of a cubic meter of this material is 2÷2.5 times lower than for a brick.

Due to their size and relatively low weight, foam blocks are convenient both in transportation and in masonry. It is quite understandable - instead of several bricks that need to be adjusted to each other, one block is laid, which greatly speeds up the work. In addition, the brick is laid out on the mortar, with a seam thickness of at least 5 mm. The installation of foam concrete partitions is usually carried out on special adhesives, which are used very economically. And the thickness of the seam at the same time almost never exceeds 2.5 ÷ 3 mm, and sometimes less.

So, having familiarized yourself with the main characteristics of foam concrete, we can conclude that a partition erected from it will cost less than a brick version. And due to the fact that the blocks have quite large dimensions with a small mass and usually a very accurate "geometry", of which it is quite possible to try to fold the partition yourself.

How many blocks or bricks will be needed for a partition?

If the option of a partition made of brick or gas silicate blocks is chosen, then you can immediately calculate the required amount of material. To do this, we suggest using the online calculator below.

A few notes on working with it:

• The first step is to specify the dimensions of the partition - its length and height.
• Doorways are often arranged in the partition, where, of course, masonry is not carried out. So you can specify the number of such openings and their dimensions - their area will be subtracted from the total.
• Next, a choice is made - gas silicate blocks or bricks. In accordance with the choice, the necessary fields will appear for specifying the dimensions of the material, and for brick - also the type of masonry - half-brick or brick.
• For gas silicate blocks, the thickness of the seam, due to its insignificance compared to the dimensions of the blocks themselves, is not taken into account. For brick, calculations will be carried out taking into account the thickness of the seam of 5 mm.
• The construction of the partition can be carried out almost without waste. However, a small margin never hurts. In the last input field, you can specify which material reserve to include in the calculation.
• The final value will be shown in pieces. Accordingly, based on the chosen direction of calculation - blocks or bricks.

Zoning an apartment helps not only to give housing an original look, but also make the space functional. Often, the owners of apartments and private houses prefer to block housing on their own. What interior partitions are preferable and what to look for when building them - this will be discussed in the article.

Wall - part of the building that separates the premises, serving as a fence and support. Leaning on, the walls transfer to it the load from its own weight and the floors of the building. These walls are load bearing. and their demolition or relocation is strictly prohibited without special permission.

The rest of the walls separate the rooms in the building. In the buildings, all external walls and walls facing the stairs are load-bearing; these are thick and massive structures with increased heat and sound insulation.

Partition - designed for zoning space, it separates one part of the space from another and can be arranged directly on the floor. This is a relatively light construction with reduced heat and sound insulation. The partition can be built, demolished or moved independently.

Types of interior partitions

The type is determined by the material of manufacture.

• Brick. Traditional for our country material. Brick structures have undeniable advantages, but they also have disadvantages.

Of the advantages, we note: strength, durability, good sound insulation, moisture resistance.

Of the shortcomings the main thing is a lot of weight - a square meter half a brick thick weighs 280 kg. After laying, it requires mandatory plastering, and the construction itself is long and laborious.

• From tongue-and-groove slabs. One of the options for quick and convenient division of premises.

Advantages: easy installation, small volume, good sound insulation, ability to hold loads.

Flaws: due to mobility, mandatory fastening to the ceiling is required; if the base subsides, the structure may collapse, the cost is quite high.

• From cellular concrete. Cellular concrete is one of the best modern materials that combines the advantages of natural and artificial masonry stones. Lightweight, pre-fabricated structures with a minimum length of seams.

Advantages: perfectly processed, fireproof, good heat and sound insulation, low cost.

Flaws: the need for finishing, high water absorption.

• From glass blocks. Glass blocks - building blocks of various shapes made of glass, cast or prefabricated, of different colors. They are used for zoning residential premises, kitchens, bathrooms and bathrooms.

Advantages: moisture resistance, good sound insulation, incombustibility, no additional finishing needed, let in light.

Flaws: difficulties in processing (it is impossible to saw, cut, drill, etc.), problems with attaching objects, high cost, the need for additional ventilation of the premises.

• Frame type. The basis of such a partition is a metal or wooden frame. Sheathing can be different: drywall, wood, chipboard, plastic panels, etc.

Advantages: quick installation, light weight, good sound insulation, ease of assembly and low cost.

Flaws: low strength and moisture resistance, the impossibility of attaching heavy objects.

• Wooden. They are a frame made of veneered profile or solid wood with different filling options. They allow you to mount furniture elements: shelves, tables, cabinets, beds, wardrobes, etc.

Advantages: environmental friendliness, aesthetic appearance.

Flaws: low noise insulation and moisture resistance, the need for finishing natural wood, high cost.

• Metal. Metal partitions are more often used to protect premises, although there are also light decorative structures. Perhaps the combined use of metal with glass. wood, etc. To ensure safety, they are installed in vestibules on landings.

Advantages: strength, durability, fire safety.

Flaws: high cost, low sound insulation, the need for additional finishing.

• Glass. Glass products are used in various interiors.

Advantages: strength, aesthetics, a large selection of styles and colors, transparency, complete readiness without additional finishing.

Disadvantages: high cost, inability to process glass and attach objects to it.

• Aluminum and PVC. Office aluminum and PVC systems have appeared relatively recently.

Advantages: complete readiness for assembly, relatively low cost, quick installation, clean assembly, excellent appearance, especially for aluminum structures. Allow to implement design solutions of different configurations and levels of complexity.

• From polycarbonate. Cellular is often used for office systems.

Advantages: lightness, strength, transparency, fire safety, aesthetics, low cost.

Flaws: easily crumpled and scratched, cannot be used in large openings due to low weight and flexibility (additional stiffening ribs are needed), inferior in durability to glass, not used in an expensive exclusive interior.

The modern market offers a large selection of traditional and new materials for the construction of all types of partitions in production, in the office and at home. The consumer can choose simple and exclusive designs from various materials that will perfectly fit into the interior and will correspond to the required level of cost.

What is better to make a partition?

Of these options, the most popular are:

• brick;
• aerated concrete;
• tongue-and-groove gypsum blocks;
• drywall on a metal frame with mineral wool.

Brief characteristics:

• classical brick wall has weight restrictions. To make a final decision, calculate the weight of the structure and evaluate the possibility of overlapping. In high-rise buildings, it is better to refuse large brick partitions. Having settled on a brick structure, also note that it will definitely have to be plastered and finished.
• Aerated concrete partitions arranged, as a rule, with a thickness of 80 to 100 mm, less often up to 150 mm. The material is not bad in terms of sound insulation and strength, but requires plastering and finishing. There is also no consensus on the environmental safety of such stoves due to the use of chemical gas generation processes in their production.
• The easiest and fastest installation design - metal frame with plasterboard lining. In terms of sound insulation, this is far from the best option, but its main problem is its low strength. It is quite difficult to hang something on drywall - this usually forces you to refuse it. To reinforce structures, a substrate is usually made of plywood, chipboard or ordinary wooden bars.
• Tongue-and-groove gypsum blocks 900 x 300 x 80 mm are leading in popularity. The decisive role was played by mechanical strength, a flat surface and speed of installation. Experts consider tongue-and-groove blocks to be the best option for a partition.

Do-it-yourself device features

Self-assembly of partitions has features that depend on the type chosen. A few important points to consider when installing masonry structures:

• For all types, construction starts from markup. This is a crucial stage, on which the evenness of installation and the reliability of the structure depend.
• Masonry blocks at the walls should be at least a row fasten to the wall with a bracket(with a corner from the profile), and reinforce the masonry of the brick partition with a reinforcing bar with a diameter of 4–6 mm. Each block must be attached to the ceiling.
• In the corners, the plates should be laid so that they overlapped the joints of the lower rows. The outer corners of the structure must be reinforced with a perforated PU 25x25 profile, and the inner corners with a sickle and puttied.
• Each subsequent slab is installed with offset vertical joint by at least 10 cm.
• In the process of laying tongue-and-groove gypsum blocks or blocks of cellular concrete, the verticality and horizontality of each exposed block should be checked with a level. Deviations should not exceed 2 mm.
• When installing a double partition, the distance between the blocks in thickness is at least 40 mm. With an opening width of up to 90 cm, its joining can be done without reinforcement, if more, then the length of the lintel beam on each side is at least 500 mm.

Interior partitions in the interior

Designers offer interesting solutions for rooms of different purposes.

Partition screens

Solving two problems at the same time zoning and acoustics. They create an isolated space for each employee in a large open office where acoustic screens are installed on the tables. Thus, each employee gets the opportunity to communicate with a visitor or verbally communicate on the Internet.

Examples of successful use of screens include the central office of the City Hall of New York or workplaces of stockbrokers.

Partitions-racks

Usually used in small apartments. Shelves not only divide the apartment into zones, but also decorate the interior. In very cramped apartments, the lower part of the shelves is closed, and the upper part is open so that you can store things and unload the room as much as possible.

Decorated partitions

Decoration gives the partitions an aesthetically perfect look. You can try to make decor yourself, order from a specialist or buy a ready-made decorated system. If you have no experience and creative talents, you should not deal with decor on your own - art does not tolerate amateurs.

Sliding partitions

They allow you to save space and effectively divide the space into several zones. They are original, modern, have different design options: mobile walls, suspended structures, accordion partitions, folding glass office walls, sliding interior doors, etc.

Interior partition-fireplace

A fireplace in an apartment is a symbol of warmth and comfort, and interior systems in the form of fireplaces will be an elegant space solution. This option is often used for large spaces where the fireplace can be suspended from the ceiling, placed in the center of the room, or arranged as a raised fireplace without a chimney and redevelopment.

Rotary partitions

Swivel systems are usually made of wood or a combination of several materials. They can be deaf or transparent, they are easy to fit into the interior and enhance its aesthetic content. They work like blinds: the partition panels rotate 90 degrees and let in light or block off part of the room.

Using original and functional partitions, you can independently give sophistication and comfort to a modest size and layout of your home.

How much do internal partitions in apartments cost, what materials are better to use

Photo: Depositphotos/kalinovsky

To divide the living space into separate rooms, thin, relatively light, but strong and reliable, fireproof and noise-absorbing partition walls are required. The fulfillment of all these requirements largely depends on the characteristics of the wall material. Partitions are erected from bricks, foam concrete blocks, gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs and drywall. The editors of "RBC-Real Estate" found out what are the pros and cons of these materials, and compared the construction costs of 1 sq. m of internal walls.

The most expensive, labor-intensive and heavy walls are made of ceramic bricks. Their main advantage lies in strength, durability and the possibility of building walls of any curvature. Modern technologies have replaced them with more even and cheaper piece materials made of foam concrete and gypsum with approximately equal characteristics, with the exception of moisture resistance. Prices for materials vary, but foam concrete blocks have a less even surface than gypsum counterparts. They require additional plastering in one layer, which increases costs. In practice, the walls of bathrooms are usually built from bricks or gas and foam concrete blocks, since they are later combined better with cement-based plasters and adhesives for wet rooms. Lightweight plasterboard partitions are cheaper, but if you add another layer of drywall for strength and lay insulation inside for sound insulation, then their price will increase by 20-30%. As a result, the room will become much quieter and this will practically not affect the speed of construction.

Brick

Partitions are erected from inexpensive solid building (ordinary) bricks of grade not lower than M100 with a standard size (250 × 120 × 65 mm). A stable brick partition should have a thickness of half a brick (150-170 mm together with a layer of plaster with a rough finish). Such a design not only eats up centimeters of usable area, but also creates a local load on the ceiling, since the brick has a high density (1800-2000 kg / cubic meter).

pros:

- high strength and moisture resistance;
- the possibility of erecting curved partitions.

Minuses:

- low speed of erection of the partition;
- high consumption of masonry and plaster mortar;
- high weight of the partition;
- poor surface quality;
- high cost and terms of finishing works.

Gas and foam concrete blocks

Aerated concrete blocks have a high surface quality. Partitions made of such materials do not require laborious plastering. It should be noted that aerated concrete has open communicating air pores. On the one hand, this provides the material with excellent vapor permeability, and on the other hand, it increases moisture absorption, making the blocks hygroscopic. Foam concrete is devoid of this drawback, since the air cells are closed.

When redevelopment, blocks with a thickness of 75-100 mm are used. Thinner products (50 mm) are not recommended, as partitions from them have a low level of sound insulation and do not hold a cantilever load in the form of a bookshelf or a TV on a bracket.

pros:

- high fire resistance and sound insulation;
- large block format increases the speed of work;
- fast drying of finished structures;
- easy processing with a simple tool;
- the possibility of creating arched openings without reinforcing elements;
- high surface quality.

Minuses:

- low level of sound insulation of thin blocks;
- insufficient resistance to cantilever loads.

Tongue-and-groove gypsum blocks

An alternative to cellular concrete blocks is tongue-and-groove slabs. For their production, ecological gypsum, cement binder and light fillers (mineral or organic) are used. Such products have protrusions (ridges) and recesses (grooves) at the ends, and they can be rectangular or trapezoidal. The length of the plates is 667 mm, the height is 500 mm, the thickness is 80 or 100 mm. Quality products are characterized by high geometric accuracy (permissible deviations do not exceed 0.5-2 mm) and a smooth surface.

pros:

- partitions do not require plastering for finishing. It is only necessary to seal the seams and make a thin putty;
- environmental friendliness of the material;
- vapor and gas permeability. Partitions absorb excess moisture and humidify the air;
- high speed of installation and ease of processing.

Minuses:

- low moisture resistance. In wet rooms, only specialized moisture-resistant blocks can be used;
- low level of sound insulation of plates 80 mm thick.

Partitions are also made of a supporting frame (steel profile) and plasterboard sheathing. The material has a three-layer structure: a gypsum core between two sheets of strong and rigid cardboard. Several types of similar products are produced: standard gypsum boards (GKL), fire-resistant (GKLO), moisture-resistant (GKLV) and moisture-resistant (KGLVO). GKL are applied in rooms with humidity no more than 70%. To improve the fire-retardant characteristics, crushed glass fiber (glass cut) 10-12 g/sq. m. In the production of moisture-resistant material, cardboard impregnated with an antiseptic and a gypsum composition, which includes fungicides and water repellents, are used. GKLV can be used in a humid environment (humidity up to 90%), provided that water does not get on the skin. In the area of ​​​​the bath or shower, they must be waterproofed and tiled so that there are no open areas and gaps.

pros:

- fast construction by dry technology. It is especially important for cosmetic repairs or tight deadlines;
- perfectly smooth surface;
- the possibility of installing sound insulation from insulation in internal voids;
- the possibility of erecting curved structures;
- vapor and air permeability.

Minuses:

- low strength. In order to hang a heavy shelf, it is necessary to make embedded elements. Corners require special metal reinforcement;
- low moisture resistance. Even moisture-resistant boards can be affected by water;
- exactingness to observance of technology of assembly of a design and furnish. Otherwise, the structure becomes unstable and cracks appear.

The cost of erecting partitions, rub.sq.m

partition type	The cost of materials, rub. / sq. m (including cement-sand mortar, mounting adhesive, fittings)	The cost of construction and installation works, rub./sq. m	Total cost, rub./sq. m
Brick (in 0.5 bricks) from solid ceramic bricks
From foam concrete blocks 100 × 300 × 600 mm (on cement-sand mortar)
From aerated concrete blocks 75 × 300 × 600 mm (on adhesive composition)
Tongue-and-groove from gypsum boards 80 mm thick (on adhesive composition)
Plasterboard structures on a single frame with a total thickness of 125 mm, without sound insulation

Table: "Vira-ArtStroy"

What to consider when rescheduling

Internal non-load-bearing walls are required in new open-plan apartments, in the process of replacing old, cracked or crooked walls during major renovations, or due to apartment redevelopment. In this case, the material of new structures can be any. It is important that the load on the prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete floor does not exceed the maximum parameters - 600-1250 kg / sq. m, which are determined by the length and thickness of the plates.

Redevelopment of apartments, which lead to a change in BTI plans, are divided into simple and complex. A simple redevelopment is coordinated according to a sketch and provides for minimal changes affecting non-bearing walls: combining a bathroom, moving a door in a non-bearing partition, etc. In a complex redevelopment, load-bearing walls are also affected, the communication scheme changes. This requires the development of a special project.

In the process of any redevelopment, according to the Housing Code, Sanitary Rules and other requirements, it is prohibited:

- increase the area of ​​​​the kitchen, bathroom and toilet at the expense of the living quarters;
- reduce the kitchen and bathroom to increase the living space;
- to equip a bathroom above the kitchen of the neighbors below;
- move the kitchen to the territory of the living quarters;
- combine living quarters and kitchen if there is a gas stove in the latter;
- divide one living room into several, if at least one of them does not have natural light.

Specifications and cost of materials

Material	Dimensions, mm	Weight 1 sq. m single partition, kg	absorption, kg / sq. m	Airborne sound insulation index, dB	Compressive strength, MPa	Price, rub	Quantity in 1 sq. m of wall	The cost of 1 sq. m of wall
Solid ceramic brick (M150)	250×120×65						(1/2 brick)
Silicate brick (M100)	250×120×65						(1/2 brick)
Foam concrete blocks D 600	100×300×600
Aerated concrete blocks D 600	75×300×600
Tongue-and-groove slabs, gypsum	80×500×667				5 (for compression), 2.4 (for bending)
Moisture-resistant tongue-and-groove slabs, gypsum	80×500×667				5 (for compression), 2.4 (for bending)
Drywall (12.5 mm) 3 sq. m	12.5×1200×2500
Moisture resistant drywall (12.5 mm) 3 sq. m	12.5×1200×2500

Table: knauf.ru, tokc.ru, market.yandex.ru

Anton Elistratov