As considered for heating. The procedure for calculating payment for heating: a description of calculation methods, tips for saving money and possible difficulties in heat supply

Incoming payment receipts for heat supply services often baffle with their large amounts payable. In practice, it is very difficult to check the relevance of these figures, since each management company develops individual tariffs for the population. In this case, you need to know how payment for heating is carried out: the procedure for accrual and calculation.

Legislative basis for heating calculation

First of all, it is necessary to find out on what grounds the calculations for heat supply are performed. To do this, you should study the law on payment of heating. His last edition- No. 354 of 05/06/2011. In its paragraphs, the procedure for calculating payment is described in detail.

Compared to the old version, the procedure for calculating amounts for the services provided, as well as the forms for concluding an agreement and receipts, have undergone a change. The consumer, before calculating the surcharge for heating, needs to find out the type of arrangement of his residential building:

A common house metering device for consumed thermal energy has been installed, but there are none in the apartments;
Along with the common house meter, an individual energy meter is installed in the apartment;
There are no devices for monitoring the amount of consumed heat energy in the house.

Only then can you find out how the payment for heating is calculated. In addition, according to Decree No. 354, payment for consumed thermal energy It is divided into two types - for a specific dwelling and as a general house needs. The latter include heating stairwells, basements and attics of buildings. Therefore, before you calculate the payment for heating, you should ask the management company total area these premises, as well as the tariff for maintaining the desired temperature level in them.

The same information should be displayed in the received receipts - there will be 2 points for payment, which will give the final amount. Usually, the norms for payment for heating non-residential premises are higher than those for residential ones. But when separating total amount for all apartments in the house, their bleed in the receipt is reduced.

Since payment for heating residential and non-residential premises is considered, it is necessary that this information be written in the contract with the management company.

District heating - calculation options

Currently, there are no uniform tariffs according to which utility bills for heating would be paid. Instead, there are recommendations and rules for the formation of the cost of services by management companies responsible for heat supply residential buildings. The calculation method directly depends on the heat meters installed in the house or apartment.

In addition, the size of the amount is affected by the climatic features of the region, the degree of wear and tear of equipment, as well as the thermal insulation of the house. These factors are taken into account when maintaining the desired temperature level in the residential and non-residential premises of the building.

Those. the lower the efficiency of the system, the higher the payment for heating all year round. Consider the main options for calculating the cost of heat supply services according to the latest methods regulated at the legislative level.

In some cases, several heating risers can pass through one apartment. Installing a meter for each of them is a costly undertaking. Then it is best to install a common house heat meter.

Calculation of heating with a common house meter

If a heat energy meter is installed in the house, the management company is obliged to perform calculations according to a certain formula. In this case, the procedure for calculating payment for heating should consist of several points.

First of all, it is necessary to agree on the total area of the building and the specific apartment for which the calculation is performed. Then the following actions are performed:

Reconciliation of readings of a common house meter at the beginning and end of the payment period. The difference will be the total energy consumption of the house. Thus, it is possible to correctly calculate the payment for heating an apartment or non-residential premises;
Calculate the ratio of the total area of the apartment to the same indicator for the house;
Find out the tariff for payment of thermal energy from the management company.

Further calculation of payment for heating is carried out according to the following formula:

P=V*(Tk/Td)*K

Where R- planned amount to be paid, V- the amount of heat energy consumed during the period, Tk And Td- the area of the apartment and the house, TO- apartment heating tariff.

As an example, you can calculate the payment for heating for an apartment with a total area of 43 m², located in a house with 7000 m². The total heat consumption was 85 Gcal. For Voronezh, the average tariff is 1371 R/Gcal. Then, according to the norms of payment for heating, the total amount will be:

P \u003d 85 * (43/7000) * 1371 \u003d 715 rubles.

But besides this, a system of norms for payment for heating was introduced. It is used in the absence of individual heat meters. The average norm W for residential premises is currently from 0.022 to 0.03 Gcal/m² per month. Then the calculation to calculate the payment for heating is necessary according to the following formula:

P \u003d Tk * W * K

Let's assume W=0.027. In this case, the payment will be:

P \u003d 43 * 0.027 * 1371 \u003d 1591 rubles.

It is by this formula that all management companies prefer to make calculations.

When drawing up a contract for heat supply, it is necessary to check the calculation method. In practice, management companies do not always provide it.

Calculation of heating with a common house meter and individual metering devices

The situation is much simpler when the apartment has a heat meter. In this case, you just need to multiply the meter reading by the tariff of the management company.

Bearing in mind that it is possible different interpretation law on payment for heating - special attention should be paid to tariffs. The difference in prices between different providers of this service can be as high as 30%. And even if heating is paid for by an individual meter, a high tariff can negate all attempts to save on current costs.

But in practice, the consumer does not have the opportunity to choose a management company. In particular this applies apartment buildings. Therefore, when a verification calculation of payment for heating is made according to an individual heat meter, current tariffs have to be applied.

However, in addition to the cost of the service for energy consumption in residential premises, it is necessary to take into account the costs of general house heating. First, the amount of thermal energy spent on this type of heat supply is calculated. To do this, you need to use the formula:

V=N*S*(Tk/Td)

Where V– the share of the owner of the apartment to pay for common house heating, N– consumption standards for payment for general house heating, S- the total area of the premises belonging to this category, Tk And Td- the area of the apartment and the house.

At present, the N indicator is 0.016 Gcal/m². For an example of calculating payment for general house heating, it can be assumed that the area of non-residential premises in the house is 500 m². Then the owner of the apartment must pay the following heat consumption for their heating:

V=0.06*500(43/7000)=0.18 Gcal

Then you need to multiply the result by the tariff from the service provider. In most cases, in the general calculation of payment for heating, this part takes from 5% to 15%.

How to reduce current heating costs

Given the ever-increasing tariffs for housing and communal services for heat supply, the issue of reducing these costs becomes only more relevant every year. The problem of reducing costs lies in the specifics of the operation of a centralized system.

How to reduce heating bills and still provide proper level space heating? First of all, you need to learn that conventional heating systems do not work for central heating. effective ways reduction of heat losses. Those. if the facade of the house was insulated, the window structures were replaced with new ones - the amount of payment will remain the same.

The only way to reduce heating costs is to install individual heat meters. However, you may encounter the following problems:

A large number of thermal risers in the apartment. Currently, the average cost of installing a heating meter ranges from 18 to 25 thousand rubles. In order to calculate the cost of heating for an individual device, they must be installed on each riser;
Difficulty in obtaining permission to install a meter. To do this, it is necessary to obtain technical conditions and, on their basis, select the optimal model of the device;
In order to make timely payment for heat supply according to an individual meter, it is necessary to periodically send them for verification. To do this, dismantling and subsequent installation of the device that has passed verification is performed. This also entails additional costs.

But despite these factors, the installation of a heat meter will ultimately lead to a significant reduction in payment for heat supply services. If the house has a scheme with several heat risers passing through each apartment, you can install a common house meter. In this case, the cost reduction will not be so significant.

When calculating payment for heating according to a common house meter, it is not the amount of heat received that is taken into account, but the difference between it and in the return pipe of the system. This is the most acceptable open way formation of the final cost of the service. In addition, by choosing the optimal model of the device, you can further improve the heating system of the house according to the following indicators:

The ability to regulate the amount of heat energy consumed in the building, depending on external factors– outdoor temperature;
A transparent way to calculate payment for heating. However, in this case, the total amount is distributed among all apartments in the house depending on their area, and not on the amount of thermal energy that came to each room.

In addition, only representatives of the management company can deal with the maintenance and configuration of the common house meter. However, residents have the right to demand all the necessary reporting for reconciliation of completed and accrued utility bills for heat supply.

In addition to installing a heat meter, it is necessary to install a modern mixing unit to regulate the degree of heating of the coolant included in the heating system of the house.

Questions about paying for heating services

In addition to the lack of transparency in the procedure for calculating payment for heating, there are still a number of problems associated with district heating. In most cases, they consist in the quality of the services provided, the legitimacy of charging year-round fees, as well as the methods for calculating payment for electric heating.

Alas, but in the law on payment for services central heating most of it is devoted to settlements and possible compensation for poor quality services. It is extremely difficult to get the latter due to paperwork. Consider the main problems of district heating and how to solve them.

Year-round or seasonal payment for heating services

Over the past five to seven years, there has been new form charging the cost of services for district heating. heating payment in summer period has become common practice. But how convenient is it for the consumer and legal in terms of legislation?

The problem is that the average consumer cannot choose whether to pay for heat supply all year round or only during the heating season. The decision on this is made only between the management company and the heat supply organization. In rare cases, it is possible to change the payment schedule in agreement with the HOA or housing cooperative.

What are the features of paying for heating in the summer?

Inability to control the relevance of the fee charged. For its formation, the management company uses a lot of intricate and complex methods;
Uniform financial burden on the consumer. The cost of heat supply services in summer and winter period always the same. Those. expenses in February will be the same as in August;
The possibility of making a decision on seasonal payment for heat supply in the presence of heating meters.

It is because of the last point that residents of apartment buildings prefer to install a common heat meter.

Summing up the total cost of seasonal and year-round payment, you can see that the smaller amount will be in the first case.

Payment for gas and electric heating

If possible, many apartment owners try to disconnect from the central heating supply. Alternatively, autonomous systems are made with gas or electric boilers.

In practice, one can face many problems when organizing such heat supply systems. The main one is not to pay for electric heating, but to obtain permission for its arrangement. And even after the legal installation of the equipment, the following difficulties may arise:

Payment for gas heating will be charged on a general basis. Before this, it is mandatory to install a gas meter for consumed gas;
Additionally, you will need to pay for heating associated with the common premises. The procedure for its calculation was described above;
It is impossible to connect the boiler to the central heating system, having previously disconnected from it. This will open the common house circuit.

There is a possibility of savings in the organization of electric heating. It consists in providing a preferential tariff by the electricity supplier. But it can only be applied if the house does not have a gas main. If it is available, the cost of electricity supply services will be calculated on a general basis.

How else can you save money on central heating bills? One possibility is to provide incentives or subsidies. However, these have been extremely difficult to obtain lately. To do this, you will need to collect a lot of documents, and confirm your requirements to reduce utility bills, including heat supply.

I received another payment for a communal apartment and was stunned. The heating bill reaches 4.5 thousand rubles. Moreover, it cannot be said that the batteries are especially hot. How to explain it? Many Russians are asking themselves a similar question this winter. After all, tariffs for thermal energy have not changed since January 1, 2018, and the amount has often increased. So that everyone can calculate whether we are charged, we will tell you how the calculation is carried out.

If there is a public meter

If a high-rise building is equipped with a common house metering device, then residents pay for heating according to the fact: how much they spent on heating the house, they will take that much, dividing the amount in proportion to the footage of the apartments. How more apartment the more expensive.

To find out how much was spent on a particular living space, you need to divide the area of \u200b\u200byour apartment by the total area of \u200b\u200bnon-residential, but heated premises in the house. We multiply the amount received by the volume that was required to heat the house, and again by the established tariff. The initial data for the calculation can be obtained from the Criminal Code. For example, heating a 10-story building requires 350 gigacalories. The apartment has an area of 50 square meters. All premises occupy 15,000 square meters. The tariff for heat is 1800 rubles per 1 gigacalorie. Substituting the data into the formula, we get 1890 rubles.

The meter is standing, but we pay for heat all year round

Even with a meter, heating charges can be charged throughout the year. In this case, the total amount in the payment is determined as the product of the tariff, the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment, the average monthly volume that was required to heat the house for the previous year. We must divide the result obtained by the area of all apartments and non-residential premises in the house. The tariff, the area of the apartment and the house are the same, and the amount of thermal energy, determined according to the readings of the common house meter for the previous year, is 1900 gigacalories (we divide this figure by 12 months). We get 948 rubles.

If there is no heat meter

The easiest way to calculate the payment for heating in a house in which there is no meter. If heating is paid only during the heating season, then the amount of the fee is determined as the product of the area of the apartment, the standard for consumption of utility services for heating and the tariff. If you have to pay for heating all year round, you need to multiply the amount of heating payment received by the number of months of the heating period (for example, from October to April) and divide by 12 months.

Housing calculator

The other day, the Ministry of Construction presented a unified methodology for determining the amount of payment for housing, which includes maintenance and Maintenance common property in the house. According to it, municipalities will be able to establish the procedure for regulating housing fees if the owners have not determined its size on general meeting. The main "fork" is whether to determine the cost of maintenance fees for residential premises by type of houses or based on the set of works that the management company performs. Then the tenants could use this set as a "calculator".

According to executive director national center public control in the field of housing and communal services "ZhKH Control" Svetlana Razvorotneva, setting the cost housing service by types of houses will make it possible to strictly limit the growth in the cost of this service. In addition, this technique is easier to apply - residents can easily understand what type of house they have. Although the disadvantages are also obvious - there are many houses in Russia and each has its own characteristics.

An alternative approach would be to list a set of jobs to be carried out in the home based on its specifications and degree of improvement. In this case, the tariff is individual for each house.

Razvorotneva believes that the "calculator" of the fee is needed for the tenants so that they can check the correctness of the size of the fee that the management company sets. And contractors need it to set an economically justified tariff, and not be guided by average calculations of municipalities, which are often far from reality.

point-blank question

If there are no meters in the house, then the size of the payment for heating during the year and from year to year should not change. With metering devices, the fee may differ.

Objectively, the size of the payment for heating depends on the temperature outside, the lower the degree, the higher the payment. But often this dependence is not respected. This is because heat supply organizations are interested in maximizing profit from the sale of heat. Even if a metering device is installed in the house, they are ready to supply thermal energy in an overestimated volume. It is not difficult to check this: if there is an overflow in the house and the residents are forced to open the windows, this certainly means that the thermal workers are abusing their monopoly position, - says Vladilen Prokofiev, director of the Urban Economy department of the Institute of Urban Economics.

Management companies should ensure that thermal workers do not misbehave. But, unfortunately, they do not always fulfill their duties. Citizens need to fix the fact of overflow. The existing temperature range is 18-25 degrees. If there is more on the thermometer, invite a representative of the Criminal Code, who will draw up an act. After that, you need to request a recalculation.

There is another way. According to the results heating season it is necessary to calculate the amount of heat that the house should have consumed if the thermal workers complied with the requirements of the law. It is better to involve a professional for this. Compare the results of the calculation with the volumes set by the meter. If the numbers are very different, then ask for a recalculation.

Heating costs are growing every year, and many consumers are interested in what they pay for and why the numbers in the bill are getting bigger. The cost of heating is calculated according to the norm of heat consumption, and in apartment buildings it depends on the heated area and on general house expenses.

Each consumer must know how the calculation of heating fees is carried out according to the standard in order to be able to control the fairness of charges in the management company.

The amount of the heating fee depends on various factors.

In Russia, there are two main documents that are used to calculate heating fees. The first of these is the Government Decree No. 354 dated 06.05.11. It regulates the rules for the provision of public services to residents of apartment buildings. This document became an alternative to government decree No. 307 of May 23, 2006, but in practice the old decree is still in effect.

The decision on which rules are used to calculate payments is made at the local level, the region chooses for itself best option. There is a very important difference between them: according to the Rules established in Decree No. 354, heating fees are charged only during the heating season, and are not distributed throughout the year. On the one hand, this simplified the calculation method, on the other hand, it led to an increase in the financial burden on the consumer.

According to the new rules, from October to May, it rises sharply, as it begins to include the cost of heating. Many consumers find it difficult to pay increased bills, which leads to increased debt. According to the traditional method established in the rules. Decree No. 307, consumers throughout the year pay approximately the same amount for an apartment, and it is adjusted taking into account overall growth tariffs.

The amount of payment for heat depends on the installed common house meter, the presence of heat meters in apartments, as well as the presence of distribution sensors in residential and non-residential premises.

Calculation of the fee with an uninstalled common house meter

A common house meter saves

If apartment house not equipped with a common building, the heating fee is calculated based on three main factors:

heating standard. This is the number of gigacalories that is required to heat one square meter to the required temperatures. meters of area. Each region sets its own standard depending on climatic conditions.
heating tariff. This is the cost of one gigacalorie of heat, set for a given region.
The size of the heated area. In an apartment building, it does not include the area of \u200b\u200bthe loggia or balcony.

Thus, the calculation of the heating fee in this case is carried out according to a relatively simple formula:
The amount of the fee = standard * tariff *, the standard and the tariff are set by the regional authorities.

The total cost of heat does not depend on the number of calories of heat energy actually consumed, so this method of calculation is used less and less. Now a campaign is underway throughout Russia to improve the energy efficiency of heat supply, so heat meters are being actively installed.

Calculation of the fee with the installed common house meter

A more common situation today is that a common house has been installed in an apartment building, while there are no individual heat consumption meters in the apartments, engineering communications in many houses are such that it is simply impossible to include individual meters in the heating system, and each consumer does not have the opportunity to independently increase or decrease heating. In this case, the calculation is based on four main parameters:

The total amount of heat energy consumed by the house is determined by the readings of the common house meter. Its installation allows you not to pay for the heat lost along the road due to uninsulated heating mains and other problems of heating networks.
The heated area of the consumer's apartment or non-residential premises.
The total heated area of the building. All residential premises are taken into account, as well as entrances, attached shops connected to a common heating system, etc.
The statutory tariff for thermal energy. Tariffs are determined by local authorities.

The calculation formula is as follows: Payment for heat = total volume * area of the apartment / area of the house * established tariff. Thus, the distribution of fees becomes more equitable, since each house actually pays only for itself.

However, even in this case, the calculation system is not ideal: since consumers do not have the ability to control heat consumption, it is often necessary to simply “heat the street”, releasing heat outside due to its excess. However, you still have to pay for it in full. Because of this, more and more popular is becoming more modern version calculation with individual counters.

Calculation of fees with installed individual meters

An individual meter allows you to pay for the actual heat consumed

If individual heat consumption meters are installed in all apartments, the calculation becomes more complicated, but in the end the consumer pays for the energy actually used, and this option turns out to be the most profitable. The following parameters are taken into account in the calculation:

The amount of heat consumed by one residential or non-residential premises is determined by the readings of an individual meter. At least 95% of the premises in the building must be equipped with metering devices.
The amount of heat consumed by the whole house is taken into account on the basis of the indications of the general house meter.
The area of the apartment for which the heating charge is calculated.
The total heated area of the house. Includes residential and non-residential premises.
Government-established tariff for thermal energy.

All these parameters are taken into account when calculating according to the following formula: Fee = (individual heat + total heat * apartment area / total area) * tariff.

From the readings of the common house meter, the sum of the readings of individual meters is subtracted, and the remainder is divided among all consumers. Thus, the residents of the house pay for heating the entrance and other general premises on their own, but the main calculation is based on individual meters.

This allows you to significantly reduce on heating, as you do not have to pay for worn-out networks and endless utility breakdowns. And yet, the option with individual meters is not always possible to implement: most often a common house meter is installed in the house, and as a result, residents still have to partially pay for each other. This also causes difficulties in the fight against debtors: they cannot be disconnected from a single heating system, and as a result, they continue to use the heat paid for by other people.

The procedure for calculating payment for heat according to the rules of 2006

According to the rules, every year a recalculation must be carried out.

If payment for heat is charged according to the old rules, and a common house meter is installed in the house, then the final figures in consumer receipts will depend on how much heat the apartment building consumed during the past year.

This value is divided by the total area of the building, taking into account both residential apartments and non-residential premises such as offices and shops. The result is the amount of heat per 1 sq. square meter, it is divided into 12 months.

After that, the resulting average monthly energy consumption is multiplied by the tariff approved by the local government. The resulting value must be multiplied by the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment. Calculation example based on 2011 tariffs for Izhevsk. According to the general house meter, the total amount of thermal energy consumed in one year amounted to 990 gigacalories.

The total area of all apartments in the house and premises common use is 5500 meters. After the calculation, it turns out that during the year per 1 sq. meter spent 0.015 gigacalories per month. The resulting average monthly volume is multiplied by the cost of 1 gigacalorie of heat at the established rate. 943.60 (tariff) * 0.015 * 1.18 (VAT) = 16.70 rubles per 1 sq. meter of heated area.

The resulting value must be multiplied by the area of \u200b\u200beach particular apartment. If, for example, it is 45 sq. meters, then the total monthly cost of heating will be 751.5 rubles per month. It is this figure that residents will see in their bills throughout the year, since it is not the amount of heat spent per month that is taken into account, but the average monthly consumption received at the end of the last year.

How is the payment for heating calculated according to these rules if a common house meter is not installed in the house? In this case, the standard is used - the amount of thermal energy required for heating. For each house, it is determined separately, this information should be in the public domain. When contacting management company tenant apartment building must receive all the information on how the payment for heat is calculated.

According to the rules of Decree No. 307, a recalculation must be carried out in the house every year. It takes into account the amount of heat consumed in the past year, and a new payment is calculated based on it.

If the figures in the payment raise doubts and seem overpriced, he has the right to demand that the recalculation be recalculated. To do this, an application is written and sent to the management company, it must indicate the time for which it is necessary to recalculate. Public utilities do not have the right to refuse to apply, the answer is provided within 4 days. If, after re-calculation, an overpayment is detected, it must be deducted from the amount of the debt for the next month.

Knowing the laws allows you to fight for your rights and seek justice. Regular increase in tariffs creates a serious burden on, so you need to achieve fair accounting for heat losses.

You can find out how the payment for heating is calculated from the video:

Also, the amount of payment for heat depends on whether the house is equipped with common house or individual meters.

How much does heating cost in 2018

The payment for space heating is calculated at different rates. The difference by regions of the Russian Federation can be checked according to the table:

From July 01, 2018, heat tariffs should increase. For residents of homeowners associations and management companies, this procedure will become noticeable only with the onset of the first cold weather. On average, prices will rise by 100-130 rubles.

New rules for calculating the tariff for heating

Heating prices per 1 m3 in Moscow are adjusted in accordance with inflationary processes.

In 2017, Muscovites received receipts, where public Utilities were increased by 6.7 percent.

In 2018, the average monthly price per 1 m2 will increase by another 5.5 percent.

On average, Muscovites will pay 200 rubles for housing and communal services. more.

How is the heating fee calculated?

What the fee consists of is decided by the executive authority and the supplier organization. The principle of justice is present here.

In practice, hosts two-room apartments pay less than the owners of three-room and multi-level areas. But, unfortunately, in some regions and regions of Russia, prices are artificially high.

This circumstance is due to the fact that there is only one monopolist in the region, which, however, is a violation of the law on competition.

Regulatory regulation of this issue has been transferred to local authorities. So, in the Orenburg region, the calculation procedure involves the use of a coefficient for 7 months of 0.0210; for annual consumption - 0.0360 (Resolution 686-p of 17.08.2012)

Let's give an example of calculation.

So, the heating period has begun. According to the metering device, the volume of general house consumption for the first month of autumn (September) is 150 gigacalories. The entire area of the premises in the house is 7,000 square meters. m. The area of the owner's living quarters is only 55 sq. m. m.

The cost of heating is calculated by the formula:

S room / S gen. * OOP * T,

S room - the area of \u200b\u200bthe room (apartment for which heating is paid);

S total - the total area of all rooms in a residential building;

OOP - the volume of general house consumption;

T - tariff for the region.

We make a calculation:

55/7000 * 150 * 1600 \u003d 1 thousand 886 rubles - payment for September.

How to calculate payment for heating in the absence of individual meters, in the presence of a common house

Apartment buildings in Russia are often equipped with collective metering devices.

It is worth noting: if in residential buildings(apartments) do not have individual meters, then all owners pay bills depending on the total amount of heat consumed.

Payment is made only on the fact (not charged in summer).

How is the heating fee calculated in the presence of common house and individual meters

In 2018, there is a unified payment scheme for heat energy. The amount of consumption per month depends on the general house and individual needs. Recalculation of the difference in readings is carried out in the first quarter of the next year.

How to calculate heating in an apartment in the absence of meters

In the absence of a meter, a uniform payment method is applied. The formula in this case does not change, as does the amount of charges.

The bill for heating the premises is received at the address of the owner both in the winter months and in the summer.

According to Appendix 2 of the Rules of Decree No. 354, the amount payable is charged depending on the following parameters:

the area of the premises owned by this owner;
tariff approved by regulatory legal acts;
payment frequency ratio.

To calculate, you need to know the number of "cold" months in a given area. During this period, heat is supplied to all apartment buildings: the average for Russia is 200 days, or 7 months. When we think so, then we divide seven by 12, and the periodicity coefficient is 0.583;

standard for the consumption of thermal energy.

All indicators are multiplied.

Calculation example.

Charges for the use of heat are made on an individual basis. It is possible to reduce the amount in the receipt by installing individual meters on batteries, the power of which is adjustable. You should also save money hot water. Let the cost of housing and communal services not be so significant!

Often, after the next payment of unbearable heating bills, residents of apartment buildings feel deceived. In some apartments, you have to constantly freeze, in others, on the contrary, they open windows to ventilate the premises from excess heat. These examples show how imperfect centralized system heat supply, and payment for heat is unfair.

To solve the above problems allows the installation of apartment heating meters. In this case, apartment owners who plan to install a thermal energy controller as the final stage of preparing housing for insulation receive the maximum possible benefit.

Before proceeding to the choice of a metering device and calculating the required amount of energy, it is recommended to understand the schemes of thermal wiring of apartment buildings:

Single-pipe schemes with a vertical type of wiring - it is necessary to install one meter per riser and a temperature sensor for each of the radiators.
Two-pipe schemes with a vertical type of wiring - installation of a separate metering device and a temperature sensor for each radiator is required.
One-pipe schemes with horizontal type wiring - it is enough to install one heat meter per riser.

In the presence of the first two wiring diagrams in an apartment building, residents often stop at the option of installing a common house meter. If the wiring is designed according to the third type, then the installation of a separate meter for the apartment will be most beneficial.

Types of heat meters

As measuring instruments ultrasonic or mechanical controllers of thermal energy consumption can be used to determine the volume of liquid passed through each of the radiators.

The simplest according to the constructive and functional features are counters of mechanical type. The operation of these devices is based on the conversion of the translational energy of fluid movement into rotational movements of the measuring elements.

Ultrasonic models are based on the measurement of the time difference during the passage of ultrasonic vibrations both in the direction of the fluid flow and against the flow.

Most ultrasonic heat meters are powered by autonomous sources energy in the form of lithium batteries.

The charge of such batteries is usually sufficient for continuous operation for more than 10 years.

What is needed to install a heat meter?

To install a separate meter in an apartment building, you will need the following:

obtain information about the technical conditions of the installation from the heat supply organization or the balance holder of the building;
develop an installation project by attracting specialists who have a license to carry out this type of activity;
carry out the installation of the heat meter, strictly following the requirements specifications and previously developed installation project;
conclude an agreement with the supplier of thermal energy on payment based on the meter readings.

The main nuances in the calculation of heat

A common situation is when housing is purchased immediately after the completion of the construction of an apartment building. One of the main problems in this case is the independent calculation of the necessary heat supply and the installation of the heating system with your own hands.

To deal with the necessary amount of thermal energy for high-quality heating of housing, it is necessary:

Decide on heat transfer - the number of battery sections in each room, as well as the competent location of radiators in the room.
Choose reliable, efficient pipes.
Decide which one shut-off valves will be installed.
Choose the most efficient type of radiators, taking into account the features of a centralized heating system.

Extremely important nuance it remains to install an individual meter at the entrance to the housing. Benefit typical for modern new buildings horizontal wiring allows you to install the meter with minimal cost. Combined with automatic or manual adjustment heat flow a heat meter will give tangible savings.

The formula for calculating heating for apartment buildings according to a common meter

The most common option in high-rise building the installation of a common meter for calculating the consumed thermal energy is in favor.

When installing a single metering device on the riser of an apartment building, the calculation is made according to the formula - Po.i = Si * Vt * TT, where:

Si is the total area of an apartment building;
Vt - the volume of heat energy consumed on average per month, based on indicators for the entire previous year (Gcal / sq.m.);
TT - tariffs for the consumption of thermal energy (rubles/Gcal).

Divide the meter readings taken from the previous year by 12 months.
Divide the resulting value by the total area of the building, taking into account all heated premises: basements, attics, entrances (we will get the consumption of thermal energy by each square of the area on average per month).

Based on the foregoing, several logical questions arise. First of all, how to determine the indicators of energy consumption in the house for the previous year, if a common meter has just been installed? Everything is pretty simple. The first year after the installation of the meter, the tenants pay, as before - according to the tariffs. Only in next year You can use the above formula to accurately calculate your monthly payment.

How to calculate the required amount of heat based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment?

The calculation of the amount of required thermal energy for a particular apartment is made using a simple formula. So, for 10 square meters of living space, on average, no more than a kilowatt of heat is required. Available values are adjusted on the basis of special regional coefficients:

for houses that are heated in southern regions country, required amount energy should be multiplied by a factor of 0.9;
for the European part of the country, in particular the Moscow region, a coefficient of 1.3 is used;
for the extreme northern and eastern regions, the need for heat during heating increases by 1.5–2 times.

An example of self-calculation for a separate apartment

As an example, it is enough to give a simple calculation of heating. Let's say that calculations are being made of the required amount of thermal energy for housing, which is located in an apartment building in the Amur Region.

As you know, this region is characterized by rather severe climatic conditions.

Let's take an apartment in a multi-storey building with an area of 60 m2. As noted above, heating 10 m2 of housing requires approximately a kilowatt of thermal energy. Based on the climate characteristics of the above area, in this case, a regional coefficient of 1.7 will be used.

We translate from units to tens the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment, getting an indicator of 6, which we multiply by a value of 1.7. As a result, we calculate the required value of 10.2 kilowatts or 10,200 watts.

Possible errors

The above calculation method is incredibly simple. However, there are significant errors here, the cause of which may be the following:

The amount of required thermal energy is more tied to the volume of the room. It is quite natural that more heat is required to heat apartments with a ceiling height of about 3 meters.
The presence of a significant number of windows and doors compared to monolithic walls increases the consumption of thermal energy.
It is easy to guess that the heat consumption for apartments located at the ends and in the middle of the building, in the presence of standard radiators, is extremely different.

Instructions for calculating heat according to the volume of living space

The basic, standardized value of sufficient heat output per cubic meter of apartment space is 40 watts. On its basis, it is possible to calculate the required amount of heat both for housing as a whole and for individual rooms.

In order to calculate as accurately as possible a sufficient amount of thermal energy, it is necessary not only to multiply the volume indicators by a value of 40, but also to add about 100 watts to each window and 200 watts to the door. Ultimately, the same regional coefficients should be applied as in the case of calculations by housing area.

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