Rue fragrant (Ruta graveolens L.). Ruta: photo and description of a flower, planting, growing and care

Vegetable rue belongs to the rue family. Grown in vegetable gardens and orchards. It has spicy taste and medicinal properties.

Height is no more than 82 cm, branched, with pinnately dissected leaves and flowers yellow shade. Seeds are black-brown in color with a rough surface. Blooms from early to late summer.

Fresh herbs have a specific and bad smell, but if it is dried, the aroma immediately becomes softer. The stem has a branched shape, and the leaves are ovate with a dull green tint. Flowers are large yellow color.

Peculiarities

The lace maker easily tolerates cold and heat. Loves very much high humidity. Therefore, if you constantly moisturize fertile soil can be achieved big harvest. In one place it can be grown no more than 6 years.

Reproduction occurs by sowing seeds, seedlings or vegetative division of the bush. The seeds of this crop germinate tightly, so it is not uncommon when it is called a tight-growing plant. Because of this, development is very slow.

How to grow

As we said above, reproduction is carried out by seeds. If you have seeds from your own crop, it's best to plant them late autumn. Agronomists explain this by the fact that at the first sowing they may not sprout within six months. It is better to cover them, thus there will be more chances that the young culture will overwinter.

If you don't have your own, you can buy it in the store. Store-bought seeds germinate within two weeks after sowing. Therefore, store seeds can be planted in May. This culture is easy to transplant. In the first 12 months, the plant grows no more than 11 cm.

After winter, it is necessary to cut off all dry branches and fertilize the soil with nitrogen fertilizers. Urea is ideal.

Unlike other rue plants, vegetable lace is not susceptible to characteristic diseases. In rare cases, a young bush can be oppressed near growing weeds. Therefore, agronomists recommend regularly weeding the plant.

For what purposes is it used

In almost all parts of our country, the culture is used for food and medicinal purposes. As a rule, it is grown through seedlings and in permanent place. auspicious month May is considered for planting, because in April there may still be spring frosts.

It is important to remember that flowers and herbs are poisonous. Therefore, it is necessary to comply certain rules during sowing and harvesting. Often, in books it can be found in lists of poisonous plants. The plant has a great danger after moistening, it can be rain, watering or morning dew. At this time, the culture releases toxic elements that, if it comes into contact with the skin, can cause redness, itching and burns. This is due to the high content of alkaloids and essential oils. In many people, rue pollen can cause an allergic reaction that quickly develops into asthma. Therefore, it is better to carry out work in dry weather and in clothes that prevent direct contact of the plant with the skin (long pants, a jacket with sleeves and a high neck, gloves).

If the poison still gets on the skin, then you need to wash the affected area with a flow and make a bandage based on synthomycin emulsion or furacilin.

Medicinal properties

Has a wide range of activity in pharmacology.

The main features of the lace maker:

strengthens the general condition of the human body;
has antiseptic properties;
relieves convulsions.

It easily copes with the symptoms of inflammation of the connective tissues, joint diseases, forms of childhood tuberculosis, male impotence. Eliminates stomach and intestinal spasms.

Let's take a look at a few recipes. folk medicine prepared on the basis of this culture and their application.

Name	Recipe	How to use?	A course of treatment
Decoction	Fill the plant with boiling water in a ratio of 1/40. Boil no more than 20 minutes and insist 3 hours	3-4 times a day after meals	14 days
Infusion	Pour 15-20 g of dry crushed leaves with 2 cups of boiling water. We insist half an hour	Be sure to strain before using. Take half a glass 2 times a day after meals	Until the symptoms disappear completely
Ointment	Grind fresh leaves on a fine grater. The resulting juice (10 ml) is mixed with 20 ml, previously melted,	Use when skin diseases. Apply to affected areas every 4 hours	Before skin lesions
Tincture	We mix the dry leaves and flowers of the culture with in a ratio of ⅕. Infuse for two weeks in a dry, dark place	12 drops after each meal	20 days

Do not forget that vegetable lace rue is quite poisonous, so you need to work with it very carefully. All work in the garden or garden should be carried out with gloves, and when preparing spices or medicinal medicines, strictly adhere to the dosage.

The use of Rue vegetable in cooking

Various spices are prepared from the leaves and seeds of Ruta, after drying them. Thus, the aroma of the culture becomes more tender. seasoning are refilled various dishes, for example: stew, salads, meat filling, scrambled eggs, fish dishes and soups.

Often people use Ruta vegetable when preserving. It is worth noting that the plant has a strong aroma and rich taste, so it should be added to food in small quantities.

How to prepare seasoning

If you are growing Ruta vegetable to use it as a spice, then you need to harvest her greens in advance. The flowering period is ideal for this. Leaves with buds are cut with secateurs, while there should be at least a couple of blossoming flowers. After cutting, they are placed in a dark place and dried. When exposed to light, the spice may lose color and healing properties. Shelf life no more than 24 months.

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Ruta is fragrant, it is Ruta odorous - a widespread perennial and herbaceous subshrub as part of the Rutov family. Translation of the name of the flower from Greek means "save".

The plant can grow up to seventy centimeters in height. In the lower part, at the base, it has a woody trunk with numerous branches. The shoots of the plant have a muted green color, and the leaves have a regular arrangement. The lower and middle located of them are twice, and sometimes thrice dissected, with the formation of segments of an oblong-lanceolate shape. The upper leaflets are usually sessile, with pinnate dissection into smaller caliber segments. All leaves have multiple dots, resembling needle puncture marks.

Ruta has loose inflorescences apically located and corymbose in shape. The greenish-yellow flower contains four triangular green sepals, four yellow petals up to nine millimeters and a single pistil. The fruits of the plant look like a four-five-cell box, almost correct spherical shape up to 7 mm in diameter. Inside are angular black seeds. The flowering period is from June to July, fruit ripening occurs in September-October.

The fragrant rue comes from the Mediterranean regions of Europe. Widespread in the Crimea, in many regions of Ukraine and China, in Japan. AT Asian countries and Europe, it was cultivated as a medicinal and aromatic plant. Thanks to its fragrant bitter taste and peculiar spicy aroma, when used as a seasoning in food, it improves digestion and stimulates appetite. It has toxic properties, so it requires controlled use.

How to prepare rue for medicinal purposes

As medicinal product rue herb is used. It is harvested during the flowering of the plant. To do this, cut off its tops and dry it in a shaded, well-ventilated place or a special dryer so that the air temperature does not exceed forty degrees. For storage use a closed container. Beneficial features stored in raw materials for one year. The smell of a fresh plant is strong and rather peculiar, after drying it becomes pleasant, reminiscent of the smell of a rose.

Pharmacological composition of the plant

The main active component of the rue is the alkaloid rutin and a special essential oil. In addition to them, the ground part of the shrub contains coumarins, sesquiterpenes, special hydrocarbons, fatty acid higher order, flavanoids, carotenoids, alcohols, Vitamin P and ascorbic acid.

Young rue greens are eaten, used as a flavoring in tea, in the production of soft drinks, sausages and cheeses, for canning tomatoes and cucumbers, in hot meat dishes from lamb. Essential oil of this plant has found wide application in the production of alcoholic beverages, especially for the manufacture of cognacs and

It is interesting to know that in ancient times, monks and people seeking to preserve innocence ate this plant in order to reduce sexual desire in men.

To protect against the plague, people rubbed their bodies with this herb, and the premises were disinfected with smoke.

Growing rue in a garden plot

Ruta garden has good decorative properties persisting throughout almost the entire season. A place for planting a shrub should be chosen taking into account its southern origin, giving preference to sunny places, protected from cold and wind. The soil must be fertile, well permeable, with good drainage excess moisture. The flower does not tolerate spring stagnant water. In one place without transplants, the plant lives for five to six years. Grass is propagated by planting seeds in open ground or preparing seedlings, dividing an adult bush and cuttings.

For the plant to quickly achieve decorative properties, it is recommended to grow a succession using seedlings. Sowing seeds for this must begin in March-April, using special small containers for this. Seeds are immersed in the soil to a depth of no more than two centimeters, observing the condition of a sparse planting. AT open ground seedlings are transferred in the first decade of May, in rows located at a distance of up to one hundred centimeters from each other in increments of up to twenty-five centimeters.

Sowing seeds in open ground is carried out both before winter - in November, and in spring - in March-April. Based on the seeding rate of four to five kilograms per hectare. After the appearance of the first shoots, cultivation is carried out and the sprouts are thinned out in increments of at least twenty centimeters, while at the same time the rows are cleared of weeds. Further care for seedlings consists of episodic watering and timely removal of weeds.

Flowers appear on the rue a year after sowing.

It is important to remember that odorous rue is a Mediterranean plant and can freeze in conditions middle lane. However, the question of winter shelter flower does not find unanimous approval. Many gardeners are wary of this method, as it carries the danger of aging.

Spring plant care includes pruning to the level of living wood and top dressing, then young shoots grow quickly and make up a significant leaf mass.

Garden rue is not attacked by pests and diseases. The only threat to young seedlings are weeds that can significantly weaken the plant. That is why they must be removed.

When choosing a place to plant a flower, one should take into account the fact that it can cause irritation. skin and even burns. Therefore, it is better to plant it in those places. Where contact with a person in a plant is minimized. For safety reasons, all garden work This herb is best handled with protective gloves.

Medicinal properties

It has already been mentioned that fragrant rue refers to poisonous plants, however, this does not prevent her from being part of the eight pharmacopoeias of the world. It is used as a raw material for the preparation of drugs used to treat diseases of the joints and neuralgia, and also as a source of rutin. Decoctions and infusions made on its basis are detrimental to Staphylococcus aureus and inhibit the spread of fungal diseases, and fresh juice from the leaves has a good antiseptic effect.

It is difficult to imagine that someone does not know about such a plant as rue.

Its history goes back several thousand years, and all this time it has been widely used in folk medicine and in everyday life.

Now this flower is actively used in cooking, pharmaceuticals, and some antidotes are also prepared from it. Ruta occupies an honorable place in modern folk medicine.

However, we have already begun to forget that this plant is a magnificent guest in your flower bed. perennial grass rue will grow and smell wonderful in your area if you show a little care and attention when planting and caring for the flower. And how best to do it - read below.

Did you know? According to folk legend, on the night of Ivan Kupala, the rue flower turns red and the one who manages to pick it will find well-deserved happiness.

Ruta fragrant: description of the plant

Let's figure out what this rue. This plant is a long-lived shrub, with a very peculiar smell that not everyone may like. On European territory, rue does not grow in the wild, so you can only meet it behind the gardener's fence.

The height of the bush is approximately 55–70 cm with a lignified trunk and the lower parts of the branches. Every year, non-woody shoots die out, and in severe winters, the whole top part rue (with the advent of spring, it is completely restored from the root). The color of the lignified parts of the plant is rich yellow, and the leaves and the rest are green with a light gray tint.

AT summer period neat bright yellow flowers appear and if you look closely, then pale points will be visible in the light - microreservoirs with essential oil. In our latitudes, the rue flower lives a lot, and, most often, feels great up to twenty years.

Did you know? After drying, the rue leaves have a different, more pleasant aroma and no longer cause burns on the hands.

Choosing a place for rue in the garden

Ruta fragrant - unpretentious plant in terms of landing and care. The soil is not particularly important for him, so you can safely plant the rue almost anywhere in your front garden. However, one of important points when planting an odorous shrub - the absence of drafts (protection against them can be both natural and artificial). Due to its decorative, lacy leaf shape, rue is often planted to decorate borders.

Soil requirements for planting

Garden rue is a big fan of calcareous, loamy and crushed stone soils, in which it feels best. The plant is quite resistant to drought and does not tolerate strong waterlogging of the soil. Before spring planting, even in the fall, it is necessary to dig the site deeply and it is advisable to fertilize in the form of humus. In the spring, the earth can be loosened and dug to a shallow depth. The shrub is not whimsical to soil conditions and can live in one place for 5-6 years, while maintaining excellent flowering.

Important! When dried, the plant can be stored for no more than one year.

What should be the lighting for the rue, where to plant the plant

The lighting for the rue, in the place where you are going to grow it, should be sufficient for normal development, however, during the hottest time of the day, it is advisable to shade the bush for a couple of hours.

However, if the rue is given permanent partial shade or a little more shade, the leaves of the plant will begin to curl and turn yellow. So boldly, you can plant a flower anywhere where direct sunlight falls.

How to plant rue: scheme and planting dates

plant garden grass with fragrant flowers in several ways: seed, by cuttings or dividing the bush.

According to the rules, the plant must first be grown for seedlings in pots, and only then planted in open ground.

Of course, seeds can be sown directly into the soil, but this will increase the consumption of seed material, and you can achieve decorativeness from the plant only on next year. When planting, it is also important to leave room for the growth of the rue, although if you follow the 60x60 cm pattern, this is not difficult to do.

If you decide to grow seedlings, then the seeds must be planted at the beginning of winter. They are sown in open ground with the arrival of spring, and picking seedlings or cuttings should be done in the first days of summer.

Reproduction of rue by seed

The most convenient and popular way of propagating rue is considered to be its cultivation from seeds, therefore, in order to learn more about rue, and to understand in detail what kind of plant it is, we recommend starting to get acquainted with it from seed propagation. If the flower is already growing on your site, and you have collected its seeds, or your friends have shared with you, they can be planted for seedlings at the beginning of winter, because they will take root only after a few months.

For the growth of seedlings, prepare a substrate of leafy soil and humus with a small addition of sand. The depth of sowing seeds should not exceed two centimeters. The soil should always be kept slightly moist, whether you are growing seedlings in a greenhouse or on a windowsill (the first shoots will appear in a few weeks).

It is better to plant the root immediately in separate containers, but the plant can tolerate several picks without problems.

Rue seedlings are transplanted to the plot as soon as all threats of frost have passed: usually, this time falls at the end of May and beginning of June.

Important! Rue essential oil also has healing properties. But be very careful when using it, as a large number of substances can harm your skin.

Rue cuttings

If you decide not to sow fragrant rue, then there is another easy way her breeding - cuttings. First you need to prepare the cuttings that are removed in early spring from last year's growth. After cutting, they are placed in a container with water for further rooting.

Rue branches take root in water for about one month, and the container must always be in a warm place. Then, the cuttings are planted in open ground or substrate for further root growth.

If you planted the cutting in a pot, then after 40 - 50 days it will be ready for picking on the site. But if a branch is planted immediately in open ground, it is necessary to cover it with a film and create a light penumbra. In this case, rooting occurs after 50 - 60 days.

How to propagate rue by dividing a bush

By dividing the bush, rue is propagated in spring or in the last month of summer. To do this, you need to dig a bush (preferably with a pitchfork), inspect it for negative growths (if any, carefully cut them off with a sharp knife), and then also carefully cut the rhizome. The divided bush should be immediately planted in prepared pits, after fertilizing them with compost. You need to immerse the root to the same depth at which it was before.

Growing rue, features of flower care

Ruta does not need close attention. Just give her enough sunlight and do not overmoisten the soil - that's all the basic needs of the southern flower. A plant needs a transplant very rarely (sometimes it happens once every ten years), but protection from drafts should be constant.
The plant is rarely attacked by diseases and pests, and its main enemy is weeds. Do not forget to weed the fragrant rue in time and loosen the ground in the area where it grows. It is also worth considering the fact that although the plant is accustomed to our winters, it is best to cover it during the cold season.

Important! Do not touch the flower with bare hands. This will cause blistering and itching, while oversaturation with juice or oil can lead to a slow pulse, fever, and even loss of consciousness.

How to water rue

Ruta - enough drought resistant flower, therefore, it needs watering only on especially hot days. Any waterlogging of the soil can lead to diseases and partial death of the plant. Also, spraying the flower will be an extra event.

What is rue and how to grow it on garden plot?

Ruta - evergreen grown to decorate garden plots. His distinctive feature are bright small flowers with a strong and persistent aroma.

Description of the rue plant

Rue also grows in the wild, but it can only be found in regions with a warm and humid climate. This is a perennial evergreen plant, which is a sprawling shrub up to 70 cm high. root system withstands frost, but the upper part with the stem and flowers dies during the winter.

Source: Depositphotos

Ruta has small but bright flowers emitting a strong fragrance

The average lifespan of a rue flower is about 20 years, but it is sometimes grown as an annual plant.

In the photo, rue buds may differ in color and shape. Wild species have small flowers of a pale yellow hue, and decorative ones have red, dark pink and purple buds. Plants bloom throughout June and July. After that, the flowers are transformed into fruits, which are multi-seeded boxes. Rue is grown not only in decorative purposes. Its young leaves are used as a seasoning for food, and dried flowers are used in folk medicine.

Growing rue in the garden

Ruta is a heat-loving plant, so choose sunny place protected from wind and drafts. At the same time, flowers tolerate prolonged drought. Any soil is suitable for planting rue, but it is better to give preference to crushed stone or loamy soil. Flowers are planted in open ground by seeds or seedlings. You can grow it yourself or buy it in the store.

Seeds are planted in open ground in late autumn or early spring, and seedlings - at the end of May, as young plants do not tolerate night frosts.

The plant does not bloom in the first summer after planting. Its seedlings grow only 20–25 cm. Rue care consists in regularly loosening the soil near the flowers and removing weeds. The plant does not need to be watered often. The soil must dry out completely between waterings, otherwise the roots of the rue will begin to rot. Fertilize the soil with complex mixtures at the beginning and end of the gardening season. In the spring, prune the plants, removing its dried branches and flowers.

Growing rue in your garden is an easy process, as it is a hardy and hardy plant. It retains its decorative properties throughout the summer. In addition, the fragrance of her flowers spreads throughout the garden. The leaves are also used to create spices and brew tea.