What material is best for construction. The best modern materials for building a private house - an overview

Modern innovative construction technologies, striking the imagination with their originality and fantasticness, use both the achievements of the latest scientific research and the invaluable experience of ancestors.

Let's start with the most common building material - wood. It would seem that there is still something new to come up with? But even here modern innovative technologies come to the rescue.

1. Construction technology of domed houses without nails, Vladivostok, Russia

Scientists from the Far Eastern Federal University are creating modern wooden domed houses. At the same time, as in the good old days of Russian architects, without a single nail. Their uniqueness lies in the use of new designs of locks between the individual parts of a wooden spherical frame.

A domed house made of wooden parts is created in record time. Literally in a matter of hours, the frame of an unusual house grows. Today, they want to test this technology in several cities of Russia. Between themselves, the links are joined with the help of a special lock, which perceives all loads - vertical, lateral, and so on. Details are made with such precision that a kind of Lego constructor is obtained. Any person, having such a kit with a small assembly instruction, can mount this structure on their own.

At one of the recreation centers in Primorsky Krai, the Snezhok domed express cafe, built by scientists, is already operating, which is very popular, attracting visitors with an unusual shape. The second domed house is much larger - it is a two-story twelve-meter structure with an area of ​​195 m².

2. Multi-storey buildings made of wood, London, UK

We are all somehow used to the fact that wood is used to build low-rise houses, one or two floors. But developers from the USA consider it possible to use wood for the construction of buildings up to 30 floors high.

The first of the modern residential buildings, built of wood using modern technologies of wooden housing construction (from five-layer wooden glued panels), has 9 floors and 30 meters in height. This house stands in London, it has 29 residential apartments and offices on the ground floor.

It is amazing that the entire above-ground part of this house was built in 28 working days by just five people, armed with only one mobile crane and electric screwdrivers.

3. Construction technology of wooden houses Naturi, Austria

The technology consists of profiled small-sized tree trunks, called “balance” by experts, which are stretched on a four-sided machine. The fact that it is the thin gauge that is used clearly demonstrates the fact that in every element without exception there is necessarily a core of a tree.

Then from such "puzzles" you can assemble any part of the building. Drying, the individual elements are deformed and wedged "tightly ”, creating a very strong and lightweight construction.The purpose of the invention of such a technology is the use of low-quality raw materials, which in Russia, for example, are used only for pulp or in general simply as waste.

4. Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China

Chinese architects have invented a way to build cheap houses. Their secret is in a huge 3D printer that literally prints real estate. And there would be nothing unusual in this - the technologies for "printing" buildings are already known. But the fact is that Chinese houses will be made ... from construction waste.

Thus, the specialists of the architectural company Winsun intend to solve two problems at once. In addition to creating inexpensive houses, the project will give a second life to construction waste and industrial waste - this is what houses are made of.

The giant printer has really impressive dimensions - 150 x 10 x 6 meters. The device is quite powerful and can print up to 10 houses per day. The cost of each of them is no more than 5 thousand dollars.

A huge machine erects the outer structure, and the inner partitions are assembled later by hand. With the help of 3D printing technology in China, they hope to solve the pressing problem of affordable housing. In the near future, several hundred factories will appear in the country, where construction waste will be used to produce consumables for a giant printer.

5. A house is printed from bioplastic, Amsterdam, Holland

Dus Architects has developed a project to print a residential building on a bioplastic 3D printer. Construction is carried out using an industrial 3D printer KarmaMaker, which "prints" plastic walls. The design of the building is very unusual - walls are attached to the three-meter end of the house as in the Lego constructor. If redevelopment of the building is required, then it can be easily changed by replacing one part with another.

For the construction, a bioplastic developed by Henkel is used - a mixture of vegetable oil and microfiber, and the foundation of the house will be made of lightweight concrete. When completed, the building will consist of thirteen separate rooms. This technology can change the entire construction industry. Old residential buildings and offices can simply be melted down and made into something new.

The idea of ​​a similar material was found in ordinary shells. The fact is that the shells are enriched with the necessary complex of minerals that give them elasticity. It is these minerals that are added to the composition of concrete. The new type of concrete is incredibly elastic, more resistant to cracks, and even 40-50 percent lighter. Such concrete will not break even with very strong bends. Even earthquakes are not afraid of him. An extensive network of cracks after such tests will not affect its strength. After the load is removed, the concrete will begin the recovery process.

How does this happen? The secret is very simple. Normal rainwater reacts with concrete and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to form calcium carbonate in concrete. This substance also fastens the cracks that have appeared, “heals” the concrete. After removing the load, the restored section of the slab will have the same strength as before. Such concrete is going to be used in the construction of critical structures, such as bridges.

7. Carbon Dioxide Concrete, Canada

The Canadian company CarbonCure Technologies has developed an innovative technology for the production of concrete by binding carbon dioxide. This technology will reduce harmful emissions and could revolutionize the construction industry.

Concrete blocks are produced using carbon dioxide emitted by large industries such as oil refineries and fertilizer plants.

The new technology achieves a triple effect: concrete will be cheaper, stronger and more environmentally friendly. One hundred thousand of these concrete blocks can absorb as much carbon dioxide as one hundred mature trees absorb in a year.

Straw houses using modern technologies are being built all over the world. Reliable, warm, comfortable, they perfectly passed the test of our climate. However, until now, the modern technology of building from pressed straw (in the West it is called strawbale-house) is little known to us. It is based on the best properties of this unique natural material. When pressed, it becomes an excellent building material. Pressed straw is considered the best insulation. Straw stems of plants are tubular, hollow. They and between them contain air, which, as you know, has a low thermal conductivity. Due to its porosity, straw has good soundproofing properties.

It seems that the phrase "fire-resistant straw house" sounds paradoxical. But a plastered straw wall is not afraid of fire. Blocks covered with plaster withstand 2 hours exposure to an open flame. The straw block, open only on one side, does not support combustion. Bale density of 200–300 kg/cu. m also prevents combustion.

Straw houses are built in America, Europe, China. In the US, there is even a project for the construction of a straw skyscraper with 40 floors. The tallest straw houses today are five-story buildings that are combined with a reinforced concrete and metal frame.

Indeed, everything new is a well-forgotten old. Earthbite houses are gaining popularity again. This material is still used today for the construction of supporting structures and walls.

At the heart of the zembite is ordinary earthen soil. Zembitbit has been tested by time, it was built from it in ancient Rome. The earthen soil mass has high moisture resistance and practically does not shrink. And the thermal characteristics of the earth bit can be enhanced by adding, for example, straw cuttings. After a few years, earth bit becomes almost as strong as concrete.

The most famous building built of zembit can be considered the Priory Palace located in Gatchina.

10. Chameleon brick, Russia

Since 2003, the Kopeysky brick factory has been producing bricks, nicknamed "velours" for the ability to literally absorb light with its surface, as a result of which it becomes saturated, resembling velvet.

The effect is achieved with the help of vertical grooves applied to the surface of the brick with metal brushes. At the same time, it becomes possible to deepen the main color when the angle of incidence of light changes, which likens a brick to a chameleon - at different times of the day it is able to change color depending on the lighting.

The texture of velor brick works great in tandem with smooth brick in ornamental or figured masonry.

eleven. "Flying houses, Japan

Japan never ceases to amaze with its developments. The idea is simple - so that the house does not collapse as a result of an earthquake, it simply ... should not be on the ground. So they came up with flying houses, and all this is quite real.

Undoubtedly, the word "flying" is a beautiful allegory, suggesting childhood dreams of flying in a balloon house. But Japanese construction company Air Danshin Systems Inc has developed a system that allows buildings to rise above the ground and "float" above it during an earthquake.

The house is located on an air cushion and after the sensors are triggered, it will simply hover above the ground, and during such a change, the residents of the building will not feel anything. The foundation is not attached to the structure itself. After soaring, the house sits on a frame located on top of the foundation. During an earthquake, seismic sensors are activated, which are located around the perimeter of the building. After that, they will immediately start the pressure compressor located at the base of the house. It will ensure the "levitation" of the building at a height of 3-4 cm from the ground. Thus, the house will not be in contact with the ground and will avoid the consequences of tremors. The novelty has already been installed in almost 90 houses in Japan.

"Flying houses" have been developed by many Japanese firms, in the near future know-how will appear in other regions of Asia, which often suffer from earthquakes.

12. Container house, France

Used containers have long been used for the construction of budget housing in different cities and countries. Here is one example.

During the construction of the house, eight old shipping containers were used, which created an unusual architectural form of the building. In addition to containers, wood, polycarbonate and glass were also used. The total area of ​​the house is 208 square meters.

The cost of building such “container-type” economy houses is usually half that of building a similar house from ordinary building materials. In addition, it is built twice as fast.

13. Exhibition complex from sea containers, Seoul, South Korea

If you have not surprised anyone with residential buildings made of containers for a long time, then a completely unusual building has appeared in the center of the business and shopping district of Seoul. It was built from 28 old shipping containers.

The area is 415 sq. The complex will host exhibitions, nightly film screenings, concerts, master classes, lectures and other public events.

14. Student dormitories from containers, Holland

Each separate container room has all the amenities. In addition, the roof is equipped with an efficient drainage system that collects rainwater, which subsequently goes to domestic needs.

In Finland and other Nordic countries, ice hotels are being built with might and main. At the same time, a room in an ice hotel is more expensive than in a hotel made of other, more traditional building materials. The first ice hotel opened in Sweden over 60 years ago.

16. Mobile eco-home, Portugal

A variety of technologies are used in the construction of such mobile structures. The peculiarity of this house is its complete energy independence. Solar panels are fixed on the surface of the object to produce energy that fully provides the unique house with the necessary amount. By the way, the house is not only environmentally friendly, but also completely mobile.

The eco-house is divided into two sections - in one sleeping space, and in the other - a toilet. The outside of the house is covered with environmentally friendly cork.

17. Energy efficient capsule room, Switzerland

The project was developed by architects from the NAU company (Switzerland), who sought to make the most comfortable and compact housing. Called the Living Roof, the capsule room can be placed on almost any surface.

The capsule room is equipped with solar panels, wind turbines and a rainwater collection, storage and recycling system.

18. Vertical forest in the city, Milan, Italy

The innovative project of Bosco Verticale is the construction in Milan of two multi-storey buildings with live plants on the facade. The height of the two high-rise buildings is 80 and 112 meters. In total, 480 large and medium-sized trees, 250 small trees, 5,000 various shrubs and 11,000 grass cover plants were planted on them. This number of plants corresponds to an area of ​​10,000 m? ordinary forest.

Thanks to almost two years of research work by botanists, the species of trees that are most adapted to such difficult conditions of life at altitude have been successfully selected. Various plants were specially grown and acclimatized for this construction. Each apartment in the house has its own balcony with trees and shrubs.

19. Cactus House, Holland

A luxury 19-storey residential building is under construction in Rotterdam. It received such an original name due to its resemblance to this thorny plant. It has 98 apartments with superior comfort. Construction is carried out according to the project of the architectural company UCX Architects.

The peculiarity of this house is the use of open terraces-balconies for hanging gardens, located one above the other in a stepped order, screwing up in a spiral. This arrangement of terraces allows the sun to illuminate the plants from all sides. The depth of each terrace is at least two meters. Not only that, small pools will also be built into these balconies.

We are used to the fact that we are usually talking about energy-efficient houses. And in preparation for the Expo-2020 exhibition in the United Arab Emirates, an entire energy-efficient city will be built. It will be a "smart city", fully self-sufficient in energy and other resources. The project is planned to be implemented near the settlement of Al Avir in Dubai.

It will be the first of its kind to be completely self-sufficient in terms of providing residents with all the necessary resources, transport and energy. To do this, the energy-efficient city will be equipped to the maximum with solar panels, which will be placed on the roofs of almost all residential and commercial buildings. In addition, the city will independently process 40,000 cubic meters of wastewater. The area of ​​this super-complex will be 14,000 hectares, and the residential area itself will be built in the shape of a desert flower. Surrounded by a belt of green spaces, the "smart city" will be able to accommodate 160,000 residents.

"Construction Rules", No. 43 /1, May 2014

The copyright holder of all site materials is Construction Rules LLC. Full or partial reprinting of materials in any sources is prohibited.

Starting the construction of your own home, you want to choose the cheapest material for building a house - in order to maximize savings. But the pursuit of a low price of building materials can result in both expensive maintenance in the future, and an increase in the cost of the entire construction as a whole. How to build a cheap house?

What determines the value of a house?

The final price tag for construction depends on several factors. Materials play an important, but not the only, role here. So, the construction estimate will include:

If you do a monolithic fill, you will need a large amount of wood for the formwork. And working alone on weekends, construction is delayed indefinitely, which is also not always economically profitable.

The cheapest materials for building a house - handmade?

There is an opinion that materials made by one's own hands will be much cheaper than those purchased from the manufacturer. Of course, there are recipes for different brands of concrete, you can fold straw walls yourself or even fill the frame with sawdust.

This is economically justified in the following cases:

• the availability of free assistants - it is difficult to interfere, fall asleep and press alone, which can lead to poor-quality work;
• no need to go to work five days a week - otherwise construction will often have to be postponed due to weather conditions;
• the opportunity to obtain equipment and raw materials for building materials at very low prices - the delivery of sawdust from another region will not be cheap.

So, the cheapest construction options:

1. Thatched walls with clay plastering. They are distinguished by good thermal insulation, but require repair due to rodents that settle in the thickness of the wall.



2. Abrolite or sawdust concrete. You can make your own or purchase ready-made blocks. In the first case, you will have to wait a long time for the sawdust concrete to dry, in the second - to build walls as quickly as possible and do the exterior finish, since the wood concrete is hygroscopic.



3. Clay or cordwood. Dry logs and chocks, peeled from bark, are used. They are laid across the wall on a clay mortar. The ends of the wood must be impregnated with antiseptics or burned, otherwise they strongly absorb moisture.



4. Backfilling with sawdust or expanded clay. To do this, a non-removable formwork is made from a cut board on the frame, into which the insulation is poured.

The appearance of the house of these materials is rather unsightly. And if it is quite simple to beat straw walls or peeking logs, you will also have to make a screed on top of the wood concrete. Another significant disadvantage of homemade materials is that they are not strong enough. But this is a problem of all frame houses. To hang shelves or install a kitchen set, it is necessary to provide mortgage boards at the construction stage.

Economical building materials - what are they?

If it was decided to abandon self-production by common sense, it is worth taking a closer look at the prices on the market. What is the cheapest building material? Paradoxically, almost any:

• tree - can be purchased extremely cheaply in the forest belt, but in the steppe zone it is expensive;
• brick - building in the neighborhood of a brick factory, you will be able to buy red brick at manufacturer's prices;
• aerated concrete and foam concrete - lightweight and relatively simple material to build, has good thermal insulation;
• frame construction is the most budget option, suitable for any climate, but requiring the organization of forced ventilation.

Not every carpenter can assemble a log house with high quality, so you will also have to take into account the cost of the work of builders. The same applies to a brick house - the skew of the masonry will result in a large-scale alignment of the walls.

So when choosing materials, you need to take into account the cost of working with them. For example, aerated concrete is laid on a special glue, due to which the gaps between the blocks are minimal.

This allows you to save on fine finishing, but requires care from builders. Foam concrete does not differ in the quality of geometry - the blocks can be skewed and differ in size. It is unpleasant to work with such material, it is difficult to level the walls.

As a result, the cost of work is higher.

How to globally save on construction?

Not only building materials can reduce the cost of building your own home. To save as much as possible:

1. Think over the plan of the future building. The simpler the layout, the cheaper it is to equip it. You should not plant bathrooms at different ends of the building - laying pipes will cost a pretty penny. Placing the kitchen next to the bathroom will also save on pipes. The even geometry of the walls, the absence of non-functional niches and differences in floor heights, although they look simple, do not require extra costs. Together, this will give up to 20% savings on the total cost.



2. Refuse architectural excesses. Balconies, terraces and a tiered roof can increase the value of a home by 10-15%. It is much more rational in the future to build a small gazebo or attach an open terrace.



3. Use building materials produced in your region, abandoning the popular and advertised ones. This will allow not only to buy them cheaper, but also not to overpay for delivery. So, houses made of shell rock in the Altai Territory are among the most budgetary, but Moscow cannot boast of a low price for this material.



4. Lighten the truss system as much as possible using lightweight roofing materials. Then, instead of a 10x10 cm beam, it will be possible to use a 5x10 cm board laid on the end, while not reducing the pitch of the rafters.



5. Get rid of the basement. Filling, waterproofing and roughing out the basement will add another 20% to the estimate.

The choice of building materials

If the building materials market offers several types to choose from, that's great. Indeed, in this case, you can compare all the advantages and disadvantages and purchase materials that combine low price and good quality.

General features to look out for:

• durability - if the house is idle for a maximum of 10 years, saving on materials is rather doubtful;
• ease and accessibility of installation - the need to use heavy equipment at a construction site can negate all the savings;
• environmental friendliness - maintaining natural humidity in the house is achieved through "breathing" materials, otherwise you will have to take care of forced ventilation;
• heat capacity and thermal insulation are two parameters responsible for future efficiency, because the house should not only be cheap during construction, but also during operation.

Having considered the most popular of building materials, you can choose the most suitable option for yourself.

Wooden houses

Timber houses are considered the most environmentally friendly and one of the best in maintaining an optimal microclimate. A wooden building has the following advantages:

But such a structure also has disadvantages. So, the quality of literally every log is very important - an undried tree will begin to twist, longitudinal cracks may appear, the ends must be “plugged” with an ax to prevent waterlogging of the tree due to precipitation. If, however, to deviate from the classical processing of logs in favor of the use of modern antiseptic and flame retardant solutions, the house ceases to be environmentally friendly.

Ready-made kits are expensive, but only professionals can assemble an inexpensive log house from round timber. After all, you have to customize every log! In addition, in regions with cold winters, the thickness of the walls of a wooden hut should be at least 50 cm to ensure minimal heat loss during the heating season. Finding logs of this diameter will also cost a pretty penny.

To let the house "breathe", it cannot be insulated with polystyrene foam, only with vapor-permeable mineral wool. And so that the insulation does not get wet, be sure to arrange a ventilated facade. There are also certain limitations for interior decoration - it is better to use modern vapor-permeable membranes if you plan to cover the house with plasterboard or clapboard.

But the log house is beautiful in its original form. To get a cozy and windproof house, you need to regularly check and caulk the cracks in the walls. Particular attention is paid to the corner lock system - simply cutting into half a tree will not provide the necessary insulation and will lead to the formation of cold spots.

brick houses

Brick has excellent heat capacity. This means that when the heating is started, the house will warm up for a long time, but then cool down just as long. For permanent residence - a great option. But for a country house visited on weekends, this will become an irrational waste of money on heating. After all, while the house warms up, it is already necessary to leave back to the city.

For one-story buildings, walls of 1.5 bricks will be enough. But such a thickness of the walls is completely unsuitable for winters, where the temperature drops to -20 degrees.

In order not to increase the cost of brickwork, the house will have to be insulated from the outside. What is especially nice when building brick buildings - you can use any insulation! So, by choosing foam plastic with a thickness of only 5 cm, you can reduce the heat loss of the house from 125 kWh per square meter to 53 kWh per heating season. In other words, you can halve your heating bills.

The disadvantages of brick houses include:

• a large weight of the building - you will need a recessed strip foundation, which will significantly increase the cost of construction;
• the duration of the construction - a team of five people can raise a box at home in three weeks, subject to continuous work, but alone, the time increases significantly;
• finishing work - if you can live in a log house immediately after construction, a brick house requires a mandatory screed of walls and floors, followed by a fine finish.

Houses from a gas block or foam block

These buildings have all the advantages and disadvantages of brick houses. At the same time, they also have their own characteristics:

At the same time, the price per cubic meter of brick and gas block is almost the same. And given the need for insulation along the facade, the advantages of aerated concrete over ceramic bricks are rather illusory. But due to the large size of the blocks, building a house is quite simple, which determines the low cost of the work.

frame houses

For those who are really on a tight budget, frame construction is a real salvation. A house on a wooden frame with mineral insulation is many times cheaper than all previous options. And that's why:

But, despite the obvious advantages of frame construction, preference is still given to brickwork. All because of no less significant shortcomings:

On the other hand, approaching the construction of a frame house wisely and without saving on building materials, you can get a good and reliable structure that will last for decades. And in the future, the frame is just as easy to disassemble and put in its place a capital brick house.

You can build a small and cozy house in a few months, and this video confirms this:

Any person who decides to build a private house wants his future home to be reliable and give warmth and comfort for many years.

In order for dreams to become a reality, one must first of all seriously approach the choice of material from which the walls will be erected.

For the construction of a house, you can use a wide variety of materials - timber, cinder block, aerated concrete, logs, bricks, sandwich panels, foam concrete. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages, so there is no ideal option.

Timber house

Suitable for people who prefer natural and environmental material. Modern construction of houses is made from glued and solid timber.

According to its characteristics, solid timber is more environmentally friendly, but it needs to be treated with special compounds to protect wood from fire, pests and decay.

Glued laminated timber is more resistant to negative external influences and, in addition, has a low coefficient of deformation. But it also has its pitfalls.

An unscrupulous manufacturer may use low quality wood in its manufacture. And, what is most offensive, it is almost impossible to determine this when examining the finished product.

cinder block house

Cinder block is an inexpensive building material that is made from slag, water and a binder. The thermal conductivity coefficient directly depends on the porosity and block size.

If we talk about the merits of the cinder block, then it will be distinguished by its low price, durability and short construction time.

This material also has a lot of disadvantages. It has low frost resistance, has a high water absorption coefficient and low environmental friendliness.

Aerated concrete house

A distinctive feature of aerated concrete is its porous structure, which is achieved by a special production technology.

Aerated concrete has low thermal conductivity and low specific gravity, which makes it possible to build houses from it on lightweight foundations. The presence of a groove and a spike on aerated concrete blocks facilitates the installation of walls during construction.

There are few disadvantages of aerated concrete blocks, but, nevertheless, they are. It has a high water absorption coefficient, so such houses need additional exterior decoration.

You can see the comparative characteristics of aerated concrete with other building materials on the website bgazobeton.ru. If necessary, you can also purchase it there.

Round log house

The round log house is a modern version of the classic "chopped" house. The only difference is that the logs have the same diameter and size, which has a positive effect on the construction of the house.

The advantages of a house made of rounded logs are the same as those of the classic material for log cabins. The main disadvantage is that it needs to be treated with special protective compounds from the negative effects of external factors.

brick house

Brick is a versatile building material that has long been a leader in the construction market. He does not lose his popularity at the present time. In the construction of houses, ceramic or silicate bricks are used.

Silicate brick has high strength, density and frost resistance, and when using a hollow option, sound insulation increases and heat loss decreases.

Its cost is lower than that of ceramic bricks. The main disadvantages include low fire resistance, high water absorption coefficient and construction time.

Sandwich panel house

Sandwich panels have found their application in the construction of prefabricated houses. The composition of these panels is insulation and galvanized steel sheets.

This material has a lot of advantages - quick installation of the building, does not require laying a reinforced foundation, has a high coefficient of sound and heat insulation.

And now for the disadvantages. There is a possibility of damage to the outer sheet, in places where the panels are joined, cold bridges can form, a rather short service life compared to other building materials.

Foam concrete house

According to its characteristics, foam concrete is similar to aerated concrete. A significant difference is the fact that houses built of aerated concrete practically do not shrink, as they have the necessary margin of safety.

Foam concrete also needs time to gain strength. It hardens within a month, and the house shrinks for some time.

But unlike aerated concrete, foam concrete has a lower water absorption coefficient. If we talk about the geometry of the blocks, then in aerated concrete it is more accurate.

Anyone who wants to build a house for himself is concerned about the question of what material to choose for building walls. After all, the strength, durability and comfort of the home depend on it.

The choice of wall material directly affects the cost of building a house.

To choose a wall material that is "up to you", we will turn to FORUMHOUSE specialists for clarification.

Where does the choice of wall material begin?

Aerated concrete or warm ceramics, timber, wood concrete or frame technology ... Any novice developer, when choosing a material for building a house for permanent residence, is faced with an abundance of conflicting information. It seems that there are so many materials that choosing the right one seems an impossible task. We have to narrow the scope of the search and select exactly what is needed!

According to a forum user with a nickname abysmo, it is enough to understand just ten things to decide whether to build a house. Namely:

1. What kind of housing do you plan to build - for permanent residence or for short-term visits;
2. What requirements do you impose on the strength and environmental safety of the wall material;
3. How quickly do you want to move in;
4. What fuel is planned to be heated;
5. What will the operation cost?
6. How much are you willing to spend on construction?
7. What building materials are available in your area;
8. Is it possible to carry out independent work, or will workers be involved;
9. What building technologies and means of mechanization are available in your region of residence;
10. Are you considering the possibility of selling the building on the secondary market.

There are no universal wall materials suitable for any project. A large or small area, the characteristics of the region of residence, climate, personal preferences require the use of their materials.

Construction consultant's opinion Romana Nikonova:

– When choosing wall materials, it is necessary to take into account a number of technological features and protective properties of the material: fire resistance, durability, thermal conductivity. In addition, you should be guided by your feelings - whether you like the material or not.

In the conditions of central Russia, the walls should provide good thermal protection. They must also be strong enough to withstand the weight of floors, roofs, snow and wind loads.

Snow in the conditions of the Moscow suburbs is capable of giving a load of up to 180 kg per 1 sq.m. roof surfaces. Do not forget about the fire resistance of structures.

The point of view of the expert of our forum Alexey Melnikov(nickname on the forum Lyokhin ):

- If building codes and technologies are violated, even modern and expensive wall material can be damaged.

And vice versa - a competent approach and careful planning allow, with a very limited budget, to build a reliable, practical and not so small comfortable house for permanent residence.

For your information: the cost of building a box (relative to the total construction budget) usually does not exceed 20-30%.

The following example is illustrative:

If the house is planned to be operated in the "cottage" mode, then it is not cost-effective to build stone walls for the following reasons:

1. Economic component. If the stone housing has cooled down, then upon arrival it needs a long heating. It is unprofitable to do for the sake of one or two trips a week.
2. operational component. Irregular heating of a stone structure in winter negatively affects its durability.

What house to build. ABOUT features of wall materials

Among the most famous materials used in the construction of walls, the following can be distinguished:

• brick and warm ceramics;
• foam concrete and aerated concrete;
• wood;
• frame technologies;
• arbolit.

Consider their main features.

1. Brick and warm ceramics

The advantages of this material:

1. Strength - denoted by the letter "M". The number after the letter indicates how much load the brick can withstand. This value is expressed in kg per 1 sq.cm.

2. Durability. Brick buildings are among the most durable.

3. Environmental friendliness. Bricks are based on clay, sand and water. Due to its structure, the brick passes air well. Therefore, a favorable microclimate is established in the room, and excess moisture is removed outside. In addition, the walls accumulate heat well and then give it to the inside of the room.

4. High frost resistance. The higher the frost resistance, the more durable the building. Frost resistance is the ability of a building material to withstand freezing and thawing in a water-saturated state. The frost resistance of the material is indicated by the letter F. The numbers after the letter indicate the number of freeze and thaw cycles that the material can withstand without losing its qualities.

5. Aesthetics. A cottage built of brick can be made in any architectural style, and the masonry technology itself has been worked out for decades.

6. High degree of sound insulation. Brick walls dampen both street and interior noise well.

Despite a number of undoubted advantages, a simple brick also has significant drawbacks.

Alexey Melnikov:

- Traditional ceramic bricks with a size of 250x120x65 mm do not meet modern thermal standards.

Calculations show that the required thickness of homogeneous brick walls (even for the southern latitudes of our country) is at least 1 meter.

It is possible to build a house for permanent residence with such a wall thickness, but it is not economically feasible. Therefore, the brick received its further development - in the form of such a modern solution as warm ceramics.

Roman Nikonov:

– Ceramic block, or porous ceramics, is a high-tech clay-based material.

Thanks to the smallest pores filled with air, ceramic stone is very warm and has high mechanical strength. The dimensions of a block of warm ceramics exceed the dimensions of a standard brick by several times, which increases the laying speed. But warm ceramics is a rather fragile material. Therefore, for fixing any structures in a wall made of a ceramic block, it is necessary to use special anchors.

Alexander Toporov(nickname on the forum 44alex) :

- Warm ceramics have a thin-walled structure, so it is not easy to fix any heavy objects on it, and an expensive special tool is required for its sawing. After laying warm ceramics, it should either be plastered from the outside, or additionally fill the vertical seams. Before buying a ceramic stone, I recommend paying attention to the geometry of the blocks and making sure that there are no cracks.

When chasing and drilling walls made of warm ceramics, you need to be very careful, otherwise you can split the block.

The main disadvantages of brick:

• 1. High construction cost. Brick is an expensive building material, which leads to an increase in construction costs;
• 2. The large mass of a building built of brick requires the laying of a carefully calculated, powerful and expensive foundation;
• 3. Seasonality of construction works.

Wet processes (preparation of building mixtures and mortars based on water) impose restrictions or make it impossible to lay bricks in winter.

2. Foam and aerated concrete

Today, gas and foam concrete blocks are the most common materials for building walls. This is due to a good balance in the price-quality ratio.

Alexey Melnikov:

– The advantages of such blocks are their relatively low thermal conductivity (as a result, high thermal resistance), high fire and bioresistance, ease of processing with hand and portable power tools, as well as their lightness.

It was these qualities that allowed the user of our forum with the nickname Dimastik25 independently, in one hand from aerated concrete.

- I chose aerated concrete, because it makes it possible to carry out laying independently, without the involvement of auxiliary forces.

The size of the block allows it to be laid by one person, but due to the large format of the block, the work is done quite simply, quickly and without unnecessary labor.

Even an unprepared person will be able to lay blocks on their own. There is no need to mix a large amount of cement-sand mortar, the laying is carried out on a fairly thin layer of glue. Also a significant plus is the uniformity of the wall, a large selection of blocks and their good geometry.

Alexander Toporov:

- Gas silicate is easy to process, it is easy to saw. Various armored belts, lintels, arches, etc. are also easily organized.

One of the main advantages of gas and foam concrete as a wall material is their good heat and noise insulation, which leads to lower heating and insulating costs.

Aerated concrete blocks are produced by large enterprises. Therefore, the quality of such materials corresponds to the declared characteristics, and geometric deviations are minimal.

But this material is not without drawbacks.

Alexey Melnikov:

- Gas and foam concrete blocks are a very fragile material. Low bending strength requires the use of a relatively expensive and powerful foundation (usually a monolithic reinforced concrete slab), as well as additional reinforcement elements - armored belts.

Foam concrete, although it costs less than aerated concrete, can be produced by the so-called "garage" methods. Therefore, when buying it, you must carefully consider the issue of choosing a supplier and not chase the lowest price.

You can familiarize yourself with all and.

3. Wooden houses

Wood is a classic building material, but despite its ubiquity, it also has a number of advantages and disadvantages.

Roman Nikonov:

- The wooden house breathes, is beautiful. This is a very flexible, “homemade”, versatile material, easy to transport and install. But it is less durable than stone.

Because when building a log house, there are no wet processes, then such a house can be built at any time of the year.

Starting a construction site, we think about which log is better to build a house for permanent residence. Experts believe that it is better not to build a wooden house from a log!

Alexey Melnikov:

- Timber is more practical in terms of cost-energy efficiency ratio, but for connoisseurs of log facades, the aesthetics of a log house usually come first.

Round logs and profiled logs (including kiln-dried logs) are all modern types of logs aimed at improving the aesthetic properties and simplifying the construction of a house.

Qualitatively made wooden houses can serve 200-300 years.

Among the disadvantages of wooden houses are:

1. The arrangement of "wet" rooms in a wooden one is associated with certain difficulties.

2. Based on the standard dimensions of logs (6 m), the overlap of rooms over 5 meters wide is difficult to implement. Interfloor ceilings in wooden houses are usually wooden beams. This reduces the degree of sound insulation in the house (wood conducts sound well) under shock loads.

3. The tree is subject to shrinkage and cracking.

4. A wooden house must be regularly caulked and painted. Thermal protection sufficient for a comfortable life in the house is provided by a wall made of wood with a thickness of 200 mm or more.

5. Wood can rot and requires antiseptic treatment to protect against mold and woodworms.

Therefore, the next stage in the development of wooden housing construction was the development of glued laminated timber - a wall material devoid of the disadvantages of conventional timber.

Let's name the advantages of glued beams:

• The material is durable and, thanks to a special profile (the serration protects the wall from blowing), it retains heat better in the house;
• Glued laminated timber has a clear geometry, which facilitates and speeds up the process of building a house;
• The material practically does not shrink, which allows immediately after the construction of the house to start laying communications and interior decoration;
• Thanks to factory fire-bioprotection, glued laminated timber is highly resistant to fire, mold and fungi;
• The walls of a house built of glued beams do not need interior and exterior decoration.

The main disadvantage of this material is its high price, as well as the need to attract highly qualified specialists to build a house.

4. Frame technology

Frame houses are considered one of the fastest and warmest houses. Therefore, if you urgently need housing, and you are wondering what time resources and what material to build a house from, feel free to choose this option. The main advantages of frame housing construction are cost-effectiveness and high - in a matter of months - the speed of construction.

Because Since the frame house is light, it does not require a powerful foundation to be built under it, which also perfectly reduces construction costs. The absence of wet processes allows the frame house to be built all year round.

Denis Reznichenko(nickname on the forum silent):

– If you are going to permanently live in a frame house, keep in mind that heating costs will be noticeably lower compared to wooden or stone houses, because. the ability to retain heat in modern heaters is higher than that of traditional materials.

Advantages of frame houses:

• high construction speed;
• frame technology does not require the use of heavy construction equipment;
• the construction of such a house can be carried out independently;
• due to the lack of shrinkage, the interior and exterior decoration of the frame house can be done immediately after construction is completed;
• wall thickness in frame houses usually does not exceed 30 cm, which increases the usable area of ​​the house;
• in the cold season, frame houses quickly warm up to a comfortable temperature.

The disadvantages of frame houses include:

• High quality requirements for the materials used. For the construction of a frame house, first of all, you need well-dried and planed wood, treated with fire and bioprotective compounds that protect it from damage and decay. When erecting a frame, it is unacceptable to use raw wood, because. during the drying process, it warps. This leads to a change in the geometry of wooden structures;
• Construction performed by low-skilled workers with a deviation from technology entails a significant decrease in the performance of the house;
• Compared to stone houses, frame houses have a lower degree of sound insulation.

Alexey Melnikov:

- Also among the disadvantages is the low heat capacity (heat storage capacity) of frame walls.

A frame house with the heating turned off quickly cools down. However, there is a way out - you can use an insulated Swedish plate as a foundation.

5. Arbolit

Arbolite is a material made from cement binder (concrete) and organic aggregates obtained from woodworking waste.

Sometimes wood concrete is called wood concrete, because this wall material has incorporated the advantages of both concrete and wood.

Arbolit has high thermal insulation performance.

This is an environmentally friendly material that does not need additional insulation. It does not dry out like a tree, does not rot and does not burn.

Arbolite walls "breathe" (the vapor permeability of the arbolite wall is more than 35%). This regulates the level of humidity in the room. This ensures good air exchange in the room.

Alexey Melnikov:

- Arbolite is an old and, at the same time, undeservedly forgotten material. Attempts to implement it were made back in Soviet times.

However, the segment of individual low-rise housing construction at that time was not developed, mainly panels of high-rise buildings were built, and over time, wood concrete gave way to other wall materials.

However, now arbolite is experiencing a rebirth.

After all, it is devoid of a number of shortcomings inherent in gas and foam concrete blocks, the material is relatively light, and building a house does not require the construction of a powerful foundation.

Also, wood concrete has high bending strength and will not crack when the foundation moves or settles.

Wood concrete, like wood, is well sawn, drilled, nails are easily hammered into the wood concrete wall, and the material itself holds heavy objects well without the use of special fasteners.

Among the disadvantages of wood concrete, two can be distinguished: its high cost and the insufficient number of house projects designed specifically for these blocks. Therefore, when choosing an arbolite block (in order to avoid buying low-quality material with broken geometry or strength characteristics), it is necessary to carefully consider the issue of choosing a supplier.

On our portal, they will help you find out everything a novice frame builder needs to know, which house, to understand which is better,. We will help you choose the best wall material and how to build

Watch the video on building a house from wood concrete blocks. And after reading our next video, you will learn how to build your own

In principle, each material for building a house has its undeniable advantages and disadvantages. The abundance of choice complicates the question of which house to build for permanent residence. One thing is for sure: for heavy and light materials, the main thing is skillful hands of the builder. An error in the calculations will come back to haunt you in any case and will surface the next day or 10 years later, when it will be very difficult to correct.

What material to choose, what is better and cheaper to build a house from? We will conduct a brief review, as well as materials for their construction.

What are heavy and light materials?

Heavy materials for construction include, as the name suggests, stones, various blocks, bricks, slabs. For houses made of heavy materials, an appropriate foundation is also needed. The most commonly used tape, but if the ground is not the best, it can be combined with a pile-screw.

When it comes to lightweight materials, it means wood, frames. Of course, these are only conditional names for such houses, which does not mean that the house will be really easy in the end. for wooden houses it is better to choose the best possible one. stand for several hundred years and the foundation should not fail.

For frame builders, you can save a little, choosing a simple pile option. The “shelf life” of the skeleton is up to 100 years, therefore, if the soil allows you to save money, this is quite realistic.

Brick - expensive, but for centuries

As they say, a brick can handle everything: hurricanes, frosts, unbearable heat - the natural mood is changeable.

However, this material is able to withstand not so much.

According to statistics, the "shelf life" of a brick house reaches 200 years.

Due to the fact that the material has been used by builders for a very long time, usually there are no problems with hiring craftsmen.

The range of types of bricks is also for every taste:

1. Ceramic bricks are made from clay, molded and fired in special kilns. Possesses high level of strength, refers to environmentally friendly materials for construction. Of course, if it is made with high quality and production standards are observed. It happens solid and hollow (inside up to 50% of voids). For construction, the second subspecies is a priority, since the more voids in the body of the material, the higher its heat-retaining property.
2. Silicate brick is made from lime and sand. It is white in color and looks great, especially the whole subspecies. Lightweight silicate brick - looks very messy, but has higher thermal insulation property.
3. Ordinary and front subspecies of brick will also find application in the construction of a capital house. Ordinary - in the inner masonry, facial - will decorate the house from the outside.

Be sure to pay attention to the labeling before ordering a batch of material. It is done in order to know whether the masonry of a particular brick will withstand the weight of the structure and natural phenomena. Usually the material is marked with the letter "M" with two or three digits. The minimum strength value per square centimeter is 75, the maximum is 200.

Important: During the construction of the basement, the minimum strength is 150; when building a two-story house, batches with a strength of M125 should be purchased. The more floors, the heavier the attic, the higher the coefficient should be, respectively, the brick will be heavier, and the cost per cubic meter of material will be higher.

For construction in Russia, especially in the outback, it is very important to take into account the fact that frosts in winter can disperse in earnest. The marking “F” is responsible for frost resistance, and the indicator varies from 15 to 100.

For facing a house in a temperate climate, the F50 marking is used; F25 masonry can be done inside. The higher the marking index, the more times the brick will survive freezing without damage to the structure.

Brief summary and characteristics of the material:

• you get an expensive box of a house and a foundation;
• very expensive, presentable appearance of the final work;
• phenomenal durability;
• precipitation, temperature fluctuations are unimportant;
• excellent fire resistance;
• difficult to lay out the box;
• rather "dirty" construction, you need a lot of extra space around.

Output: brick building is a costly and time-consuming process.

However, all costs, including financial ones, will be more than repaid for the long life of the building. Properly selected brick and competent builders prolong the life of the house up to 100-200 years without changing the original characteristics.

concrete blocks

The second most popular material for laying load-bearing walls, in comparison with brick. Strong material, more profitable financially and much easier to build. In summer - the house is kept cool, in winter - warm and cozy, precipitation and other natural phenomena are not terrible quality concrete block.

Advantages of building from concrete blocks:

1. The first thing I want to note is the fire resistance of the material. Concrete does not burn, so, unlike building with wood, the house is safe from external fires and will withstand direct fire for several hours.
2. The material tolerates frost well.
3. For those who need good sound insulation in the house, construction from concrete blocks is suitable. Due to the structure of the concrete itself, extraneous noise will not be heard in the house.
4. With proper construction, thermal insulation is quite good. Together with an external, well-built heating circuit, you can achieve good savings on home heating.
5. It is possible to operate a building from blocks, as well as from bricks, for a long time. On average, without a major overhaul, the house will please 80-120 years.
6. Concrete blocks do not rot, are not covered with mold and fungus.
7. The versatility of the material allows you to build residential buildings, and garages, and multi-storey buildings of any type.

The disadvantages include unpresentable appearance of the house without finishing. Therefore, when calculating the budget for construction, one should take into account the external “marafet”. In addition, construction should only be done in dry weather and takes a considerable amount of time, due in part to the changeable weather. Due to the high level of groundwater in some areas of the country, waterproofing may be necessary.

What you need to know about concrete blocks?

Concrete blocks are of several types and differ from each other:

• brand (from 50 to 100) - this is an indicator of the strength of the product;
• frost resistance - from 15 to 200.

Strength marking must correspond to the total mass of the building. That is, for the basement - the highest value, for a house of 2 floors - approximately M75 (it also depends on the size of the attic). Frost resistance, as already discussed, depends on the location of the future building.

Very important for quality construction explore the soil under the place for the house. To do this, it is better to play it safe and hire specialists, which will also be very costly. But, if you choose the wrong type of foundation and the building starts to drive, the costs will be even greater. For "restless" lands, a monolithic type of foundation is suitable (if the house is not large), as well as pile and tape.

Output: concrete blocks are only slightly inferior to brick in their qualities.

but price and ease of construction are more attractive, if you choose between these two materials. Additional costs may apply for waterproofing, as well as external insulation and finishing.

Construction from natural stones

People have been using natural stones for a very long time. Many old-timers remember the times when the construction of this material cost a penny, as the stone was not highly valued and was simply mined. Natural stone was especially available in areas close to the place of extraction.

Now the situation has changed radically and allow yourself construction of sandstone, shell rock, granite, basalt is sometimes more expensive than you would like. Things are more or less good with the construction of natural stone near the mountains, that is, near the place of extraction.

Advantages use of natural stone for building a house:

• for non-remote areas, this material will be inexpensive, the farther from the extraction sites, the more expensive the quality material will be;
• the material is the cleanest in the ecological concept of all heavy building materials;
• the blocks are quite large, so the construction will not be delayed;
• depending on the deposit, the porosity of the shell rock is different, which means that the thermal conductivity also changes;
• good sound insulation;
• perfectly survives all weather changes, does not rot, is not covered with bacteria with proper construction.

Like any other material, natural stones have their own limitations:

• heavy: you need a good, expensive foundation and additional costs for the construction of the box;
• different shapes of each block create additional difficulties when docking, more cement will be required;
• very serious waterproofing is required: the material absorbs moisture;
• the facade of the wall made of shell rock is finished on a reinforced mesh, otherwise everything will quickly fly around.

Output: minor difficulties associated with the construction are more than paid off, due to the fact that the material is environmentally friendly, the house will last a long time.

Having chosen the correct density (all natural stones are also marked) stone, it is possible to equip both the basement and the upper floors with it. And the cost per cube will depend on the location of the customer.

Construction from thermal panels

Thermal panels or panels from - a relatively new product for construction. If the material for construction is selected on the basis of savings, in the first place, then you can take a closer look at this option. Frame thermal panels declare themselves as the most heat-saving material. In addition, the construction of a house from a new material is quite fast.

The panel consists of clinker tiles and thermal insulation in the form of expanded polystyrene. The main disadvantage of frame thermal panels is that they 100% synthetic material. That is, for connoisseurs of environmentally friendly buildings, panels will not work under any pretext. The material does not absorb moisture, is not subject to destruction, withstands compression very well, pressure from all sides, does not burn, perfectly withstands any natural changes.

Other dignity panels:

• excellent appearance;
• in tandem with thermal panels outside, heat losses are immediately reduced by 30-35%;
• very tight joining of panels, thanks to their precise cutting.

TO shortcomings already attributed that they are not environmentally friendly. In addition, you can supplement this list with the fact that additional corner shape panels are needed to decorate the shape of the house. These building materials have passed all known tests and meet modern requirements.

Output: the use of frame thermal panels is an economical option that provides a very solid look to the finished building.

The outside of the house without exterior finish will look like brickwork. The clinker board is bonded to expanded polystyrene with a special high-quality construction adhesive under high pressure, which ensures high strength of the final work.

Which house is better?

Wooden houses

The most environmentally friendly type of construction. Since ancient times, wood has been used for construction. The best trees for building a house - pine, cedar and larch. Coniferous trees are less affected by fungi, have good indicators of resistance to weather conditions. Larch material does not rot, does not fade. Natural resin has a bactericidal property.

Since time immemorial, mankind has built its homes from clean, breathable natural material - wood. A huge number of surviving architectural monuments are built of wood. The durability of such buildings is estimated in hundreds of years and is amazing.

Larch wooden houses

No wonder this tree is called "iron", those who have dealt with this material know that this wood very thick and heavy. It has an amazing quality for wood - increased fire resistance. Over time, larch only becomes denser, this is the only tree that doesn't rot at all.

In addition, for people with respiratory problems, doctors strongly recommend visiting the larch forest more often. It turns out that it is three times better for health to live in a house made of this material. Great house for living with family, children.

cedar houses

One of the most expensive building materials is oak. It is close to larch trees in density, withstands phenomenal loads. A house built from this material can withstand an earthquake of up to 7 points. In addition, cedar has the property of thermal insulation, more than other trees.

Pine timber house

Most popular building material, due to the lower cost per cubic meter of material. This material has good thermal insulation, allows you to build a house in 2-3 floors. A properly assembled house will last at least 150 years with timely care, replacement of the lower rims.

log house

This construction technology has been perfected for centuries and has come down to us in the most refined form. The trunk is cleaned of bark and dried for a long time in natural conditions.

Professional builders know that the material that is dried under a roof or a canopy on the street retains its properties much longer than those dried in the dryers of timber processing enterprises.

Log houses are unique, each house can be completely different from the others. A well-built wooden house perfectly retains heat.

In room there will always be a healthy microclimate, clean air. The disadvantages include the cost of construction and its duration.

First, a bar is purchased and dried under the flooring for at least 3-4 months, then a box is assembled. The work of the masters also flies a pretty penny. Then the log house (read:) should stand for a year or two, otherwise it will be driven and cracks will go. After shrinkage, you can do the finishing, conduct water, connect to electricity, install windows and the like. All this takes a lot of money and time.

How log houses are made:

1. The largest, resinous and thick logs are placed in the first rows - the crown of the log house. Waterproofing must be provided before laying. You can use roofing material, waterproofing, etc.
2. In each subsequent log, a longitudinal recess is made for closer contact between the rows of logs. Thus, all rows are collected.
3. After the initial shrinkage (about 3 months), the logs are marked, disassembled and assembled again, laying all the longitudinal grooves with moss, tow or modern materials.
4. After complete shrinkage (1.5 years), the logs are caulked using a heater. Caulking is done only after the roof and windows are ready.
5. Sometimes after 5-7 years, when complete shrinkage occurs, you have to caulk again, as new gaps appear and heat blows out.

Of course, the above stages are described only in general terms, but this will allow us to better visualize the stages of building a log house.

Output: building a log house is a way to show your imagination to the fullest. The design of such a house can be absolutely anything. The thickness of the walls, the lower crown make the building not only warm, but also the most durable from all other wooden buildings.

Round timber construction

The construction of rounded logs is the use of even logs of the same size and diameter, which manufactured industrially. Of course, you can use your golden hands to prepare the material, but, as practice shows, this is a long and laborious task.

After the purchase, according to the construction plan, the customer receives a ready-made log impregnated with special compounds, which only needs to be assembled into a log house. The larger the house is planned, the larger the diameter of the log should be. Thanks to quality processing, the logs fit well together and each crown fits well on the previous one.

The method of building from round logs is similar to the chopped method. The advantage of this type of construction can be considered environmental friendliness and beautiful appearance, even without exterior decoration. By the way, it is not at all obligatory for most regions of the country.

Output: ordering and buying a rounded log will cost more than buying unprocessed wood and peeling off the bark, processing and turning the log yourself. But, in any case, houses made of such material look very nice, respectable. The house will be warm, breathable, environmentally friendly.

frame houses

Another subspecies of construction, which is considered very new and seductive for its speed of construction.

A rigid frame is assembled from a bar, the main material is installed between the supporting beams.

Less commonly, a frame is made of metal beams, they will be discussed below.

1. Frame-panel. A frame is built from beams, sheathed on the inside and outside with slabs of large chips or others, insulation is laid between the slab material. The main advantage is the speed of construction. Of the shortcomings - the need to use special equipment.
2. SIP panels. These panels consist of insulation (expanded polystyrene), glued on both sides with OSB boards. Walls, ceilings, floors are built from this material. These panels are smaller than in the case of a panel house, so a crane is not needed and you can build a building with your own hands. Of all the wireframes, this method is the easiest for novice builders.
3. Frame houses. Compared to the rest, such a building will be the cheapest. The frame is assembled from thick boards, stuffed onto a foundation box. You can use glued laminated timber, not a board (half-timbered method of frame-frame building). The finished frame is filled with bricks, stones, double-glazed windows, wood.
4. Metal frame houses. The principle of construction is similar to the previous ones, with the exception of the frame material. Metal bases are used, in combination with slabs with insulation. Such houses are light, the service life is about 80 years (according to the guarantee from the manufacturers of such frames, which is not possible to verify). Despite the thermal profile used, more money will definitely be spent on heating such a house than on a wooden “brother”.

Output: frame construction is clean, inexpensive.

In addition, little space is needed, construction can be carried out “from the body”, without unloading panels and material, if the space on the site does not allow or is occupied by plantings. To increase the life of a frame house, it is important to correctly calculate and design the frame itself, take the foundation seriously.

What is the cheapest way to build a capital house?

As already noted, a house that will stand for centuries - it is a priori expensive for its owner at the time of construction. However, for budget construction there is an innovation of the last decades - carcasses.

The lighter the walls, the cheaper it will cost. If you use inexpensive SIP panels, the price will be even lower. However, many are skeptical of the walls of the house, which can be pierced with a large knife with great effort.

Of heavy materials, construction will be the cheapest from cellular concrete or thermal panels. Construction will be expensive brick and ceramic blocks. For these buildings, the cost of work will be higher, since the blocks themselves are not easy to lift.

The same conditions will apply to the foundation: the more durable, stronger, the more expensive it will be both in terms of materials and costs for workers. Ideal for a small house pile foundation if there is an idea to attach a 2nd floor or a good attic, it is better to play it safe.

What to build a house on a small plot?

To organize the construction of heavy materials, you need a scope for the area. The site will need to be divided into zones for the foundation, for placing a warehouse with material (at least - a canopy), for mixing concrete. It is also worth thinking about the heap of garbage, which will certainly be collected.

Scraps, packages, empty boxes, defective materials, and similar working moments. Workers need a place to at least have lunch or have a smoke break.

Pay attention to construction from frame thermal panels. Despite the fact that this material is more of a heavy one, you can build from it directly from the machine. In terms of timing, finances and costs on the ground, this is a profitable material.

As for light materials, the work will require a much smaller area. Most of all - to work with beam, log, takes the least frame, especially from SIP panels. If the site is extremely small, there are already plantings or there is only space for the house, it is better to give preference to wood, carcasses.

What is the final cost of construction?

Evaluating and comparing materials, the question involuntarily arises: what, besides the main raw materials, will money still be spent on?

Not every site owner can immediately put on the table in front of the builders the amount that will be required for turnkey development.

Usually, especially for young families, it is customary to divide the work into parts and build it in stages.

So the total will be:

• the complexity of the shape of the house, its number of storeys (complication of the work of the team);
• internal layout;
• insulation;
• exterior finish;
• roofing costs;
• building materials;
• foundation - almost 40% of all costs;
• interior decoration;
• the severity of the base material;
• additional fittings;
• conducting communications;
• waterproofing;
• heating system installation;
• other minor expenses.

The list is pretty impressive. Depending on the choice of material, it can both grow and decrease. However, building your own home is a real a way to create a truly cozy dream home about which everyone fantasizes in one way or another.

The abundance of building materials in our time is growing every year. The search for the ideal material will probably continue for more than one hundred years. However, in order to build a solid house in which it will not be cold, scary or expensive to live, it is worth turning to materials that have been tested for centuries.

Out of competition will always be brick and wood. These are the most reliable, long-lived houses that are inexpensive to operate and are good in terms of environmental friendliness. If the question is financial, it is better to choose modern methods: frame houses, thermal panels.

Average by money investment at home - from sand blocks, sand-cement blocks, concrete blocks etc. Block buildings retain heat well in winter, as they cool down for a rather long time, and in summer a pleasant coolness remains indoors.