Qualification requirements for drivers. Responsibilities and requirements for the driver

The driver must not have medical contraindications to driving. To check his ability to drive a vehicle, all drivers undergo a medical examination at regular intervals. Based on the results of this examination, drivers receive a medical certificate, which indicates their fitness to drive a certain category of vehicles.

The right to manage the vehicle is provided with:

• motor vehicles and motorized carriages - from the age of 16;
• cars of all types and categories (with the exception of buses and trucks equipped to carry more than 8 passengers), trams and trolleybuses - from the age of 18;
• buses and trucks equipped to carry more than 8 passengers - from 19 years of age.
• driving horse-drawn vehicles and overtaking animals on the road is allowed for persons not younger than 14 years of age.
• It is allowed to move on the road on mopeds to persons who have reached the age of 16, on bicycles - to 14 years of age.

A citizen who wants to obtain the right to drive a vehicle is obliged to undergo training in the amount provided for by the training program for drivers of vehicles of the corresponding category or type:

BUT- motorcycles, motor scooters, motor sledges and other motor vehicles;

IN- vehicles with a maximum authorized mass not exceeding 3,500 kg (7,700 lb) and with no more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat;

FROM- motor vehicles which are intended for the carriage of goods and whose authorized maximum mass exceeds 3,500 kg (7,700 pounds);

D- cars that are designed for the carriage of passengers and have more than eight seats, in addition to the driver's seat;

E- combinations of vehicles with a tractor that belong to category B, C. or D, which the driver has the right to drive, but which do not themselves fall into one of these categories or these categories;

• trams;
• trolleybuses;
• motorized carriages.

The driver is the most important, but also the least reliable link in the system. car - road. At the current level of development of road transport, on the one hand, driving is simplified and facilitated, but on the other hand, increased speeds and traffic intensity cause difficulties in driving, which exceed the psychophysical capabilities of a person. These difficulties mainly relate to such road situations when the driver, with a shortage of time, must solve complex problems, which in some cases are not always within his power, which means that the ability to sensibly assess their capabilities should be an integral duty of the driver.

Car driver- operator complex system management driver - car - road(IN HELL). The duty of the driver is to process all the information that enters the brain departments, make a decision, and perform actions. Driving a car, the driver must see the road, pedestrians, other vehicles, signals of traffic control devices, hear the operation of the engine and other sources of sound information, perceive the readings of control devices.

All this information, received through the senses, is for him the information necessary for driving a car.

In general, the driver receives a lot of information not from the instruments, but from the road and the traffic environment. The nature of this information is changing rapidly. Often its volume exceeds the capacity nervous system a person, and in other cases, a small amount of information makes it difficult to make the right decision.

In conditions of heavy traffic in the city, the driver notices at least 10 different objects on the road within 1 second, makes 2 or more observations, and makes 1-3 decisions. Performs 30 to 120 in 1 minute various movements, makes at least one error every 2 minutes. Difficult road conditions occur on average once every 1-2 hours. The driver is close to an accident about 1 time per month and, on average, becomes a participant in it once every 6 years.

The unpredictable behavior of other road users often creates completely unexpected situations for the driver. Hence, another important duty of the driver is a respectful attitude towards all participants. traffic and not just to yourself.

These factors make it possible to attribute the work of the driver to the most complex species human activity.

Learn to drive a car simple conditions can anyone healthy man. However, not every driver is able to ensure proper road safety in difficult conditions. The suitability of the driver is determined by the state of his health, psychophysical qualities and personal characteristics. Preparedness is of great importance, and this is the training of driving skills, which the driver must constantly improve.

The performance improves in daytime, especially in the first half of the day and decreases with fatigue, illness, and after drinking even small doses of alcohol.

Perception: to see an object is not only to feel its color, but also to evaluate its shape and size. This is how objects lying on the road, stones, paper, etc., are distinguished, depending on whether they are hard or not, blunt or sharp, large or small. From here, decisions are made on how to act, go around, go straight or stop. Such an assessment of an object in terms of its properties is called perception. The perception of objects and their location from each other, the distance from the car, is called the static and dynamic eye.

Visual acuity is determined by the smallest gap between two points seen separately. The driver must have good eyesight. The norm of vision \u003d 1.0. Visual acuity is the ability to see two points separated by an interval of one arc minute. Driver's visual acuity depends on the experience of the driver.

Another important spatial feature is the distance of objects from the driver. The perception of the magnitude of an object is based on an assessment of the ratio of its angular magnitude in the field of view and the distance to the object. The farther the distance from it, the smaller it seems.

Of decisive importance for vision are the conditions of illumination of the eye, adaptability to illumination by changing the size of the pupil opening. When the light decreases, the pupils dilate. This is an adaptation of the eye. The field of view of each eye is an area that is asymmetrical about the axis of the eye.

The size of the object in question depends on the speed of movement. The field of view depends on the color of the object. The visual field limit for blue is 10-15% less than for white, and for red it is even less than for blue. The field of view of green is half that of white. The perception of speed and direction of movement, along with the perception of distance and time, underlies the dynamic eye.

Instructions for the position " Driver vehicles category "B"", presented on the site, complies with the requirements of the document - "DIRECTORY qualification characteristics occupations of workers. Issue 69. Motor transport", which was approved by the order of the Ministry of Transport and Communications of Ukraine dated February 14, 2006 N 136. With changes approved by the order of the Ministry of Transport and Communications of Ukraine dated September 4, 2008 N 1097. The status of the document is "valid".

Qualifications
Complete or basic general secondary education. Vocational education ( educational institution for driver training). Special training according to standard curricula and training programs for drivers of vehicles of category "B" and qualification certification. No work experience requirements.

Knows and applies: legislation of Ukraine on road transport and road traffic; Traffic Laws; rules for the carriage of goods (including dangerous, oversized), the procedure and conditions for the carriage of passengers and baggage; purpose, location, arrangement, principle of operation of units, components, mechanisms and systems of motor vehicles of category "B" and their rules technical operation; device, rules for the operation and maintenance of trailers; basics of motor vehicle management; possible reasons traffic accidents and ways to prevent them; causes of malfunctions, ways to identify and eliminate them; nature of influence natural conditions(rain, fog, ice, etc.) on traffic safety; maintenance procedure; rules for safe work, fire safety and sanitation during the maintenance of the vehicle and when working on the line; features of use operating materials(fuel, oils, lubricants, electrolyte, antifreeze, etc.); rules for storing vehicles in an open parking lot and in a garage; rules for providing first aid to victims of road accidents; legal framework and liability for violation of traffic rules, rules for operating a vehicle, causing material damage and environmental damage.

Characteristics of work, tasks and official duties
Drives motor vehicles that belong to category "B" (driving motor vehicles with a maximum authorized mass not exceeding 3,500 kilograms and the number of seats for which, in addition to the driver's seat, does not exceed eight), at various road conditions. Fulfills the requirements of traffic rules, rules for the transport of goods, passengers and luggage. Ensures the proper technical condition of the vehicle. Towing a trailer permitted maximum weight up to 750 kg. Checks the technical condition of the vehicle before leaving the line and after returning from the flight. Ensures the health of the equipment in accordance with the requirements of standards related to road safety and security environment. Performs daily tasks maintenance motor vehicle. Submits the vehicle for loading and unloading or to the place of embarkation and disembarkation of passengers. Controls the correct loading, placement and securing of goods in the body of a light-duty vehicle, as well as the procedure for placing passengers in cars. Eliminates technical malfunctions that occur during the operation of the vehicle on the line and do not require disassembly of the main mechanisms. Performs adjustment work. Fills motor vehicles with fuel and other operating materials. Prepares travel documents. Provides first aid to victims of road accidents.

As explained in the Ministry of Transport of Russia, from the moment the order was published, carriers had six months to retrain drivers or change the job grid in accordance with the skills and knowledge of employees. In the future, the agency will conduct audits of compliance with the new requirements both on a scheduled and unscheduled basis. Among the knowledge and skills mentioned in the document and necessary for drivers of almost all vehicles (V), the ability to safely and efficiently drive a vehicle of the corresponding category in various conditions road traffic, understanding the basics of safe management, the principles of operation of the basic mechanisms of the vehicle and the signs of malfunctions that may occur along the way, first aid rules, ensuring the safety of passengers or cargo. In addition to the basic requirements, the document also contains specific ones. So, for example, a driver of a vehicle of categories "B", "BE", i.e. the mass of which does not exceed 3.5 tons, as well as a passenger taxi will have to be able to control their emotional state and not forget to improve the skills of driving a vehicle of the corresponding category. But to control a vehicle equipped with a device for supplying special light and sound signals, it will already be necessary to confirm the knowledge of the basics of psychology and ethics of the driver. To obtain the right to transport children, the driver will need to confirm the presence of a continuous experience of at least a year and the absence of administrative penalties, including the facts of deprivation of rights or administrative arrest for traffic violation, for the same period of time. The same requirements apply for obtaining a permit to work with dangerous goods. At the same time, the dispatcher of automobile and urban ground electric transport, controller technical condition vehicles or a specialist responsible for ensuring road safety, the representative will have to have a diploma of education not lower than secondary in a specialty that is part of the enlarged group 23.00.00 “Engineering and technology land transport". If the diploma of a specialist is not included in the specified group, then he will have to submit a diploma of retraining with the qualification of the corresponding requested position. According to Doctor of Psychology, Head of the Laboratory psychological problems Forensic Psychiatric Prevention Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology named after V.P. Serbian” of the Ministry of Health of Russia Vera Bulygina, indicated legal act is definitely needed. But no less important is the question of its practical implementation. In particular, V. Bulygina draws attention to the fact that the requirement from drivers of a vehicle of categories “B”, “BE”, as well as a passenger taxi to control their emotional state, requires additional decoding and needs to create evaluation criteria and organize a system of psychological training work with them. “Raises questions from psychiatrists and medical psychologists and the minimum period (one year) during which administrative penalties, including facts of deprivation of rights or administrative arrest for violation of traffic rules, which is one of the grounds for admission to the transportation of dangerous goods, as well as to driving buses for transporting children. These criteria do not take into account age (aging), somatic and psycho-emotional factors,” V. Bulygina noted. However, as Vera Bulygina emphasized, the analysis of the scientific and applied experience accumulated abroad and in Russia confirms the need for standardization and confirmation of the protocol for assessing drivers and driver candidates. New requirements for the level of driver training have already entered into force. Their actualization is difficult to overestimate, if we recall the terrible accident near Novosibirsk, the victims of which were children. Recall that the accident occurred on the morning of June 14 at the 74th kilometer of the R-256 highway "Novosibirsk - Tashanta". The car "Honda CR-V" flew into the oncoming lane and rammed the minibus "Gazelle" in which there were 17 people, including 11 children. All victims were hospitalized. Two children, including a 5-year-old passenger in a passenger car, were sent to intensive care. The investigation showed that the passengers of the Gazelle were not fastened, and its driver was a private owner. Maxim Danilin, Project Manager at the Traffic Without Danger expert center, explained that these facts could have exacerbated the consequences of the accident: “Official statistics show that a passenger bus is one of the most safe species transport. In 2015, only 3% of accidents occurred due to the fault of its drivers. total number accidents across the country. Another figure is alarming - in 78% of cases it is private drivers who violate traffic rules. Today, almost half of the country's bus fleet belongs to individuals. They are free before the law, do not report for the technical serviceability of vehicles, do not pass pre-trip control, can ignore compliance with work and rest standards and do not install tachographs. Recall that the tachograph not only registers the speed of the vehicle, the observance of the work and rest regime of drivers, but also allows, in the event of an accident, to instantly transfer accurate GPS data about the accident site to the duty station. According to CEO CJSC "Atlas-kart" Viktor Prokopenko, the installation of a tachograph (which is a means of measuring and ensuring the legal significance of events occurring with transport) disciplines drivers and indirectly affects the safety of transportation. He also noted that driving a bus without a tachograph can only be called "uncivilized", since in the event of an accident, the victims practically cannot count on establishing the exact causes of the incident or paying insurance. As practice shows, the tachograph already today protects the rights of disciplined and responsible drivers and fleet owners. Of course, the presence of a control device on board the vehicle cannot directly affect the accident, but the tachograph can help prevent a serious accident and identify the perpetrators of the accident. Recall that in the near future the requirements of another order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia relating directly to tachographs will also come into force. From July 1, 2016, the use of analog tachographs on freight and passenger vehicles. They should be replaced by digital control devices. The transport industry had 6 months to re-equip vehicles with tachographs with CIPF blocks or according to the requirements of the AETR. The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation provides for a fine for the absence digital tachograph on a vehicle: for drivers - from 1 to 3 thousand rubles, for officials- from 5 to 10 thousand rubles.

The driver is a widespread and demanded profession. The driver can work on a car or truck, bus: in parks public transport, by fixed-route taxis, by a personal driver in the owner's car, by company car. The work schedule of the driver, as a rule, is not standardized, it can be in shifts. Driver - basically male profession, but there are also female drivers.

Functional and job responsibilities of the driver

The main duty of a driver is to drive a car. Depending on the place of work, the driver can be engaged in the transportation of passengers, products, cargo, and his duties include vehicle maintenance. In some cases, the driver also performs the functions of a conductor: he sells tickets.

Driver Qualifications

In order to become a driver, you must complete training at a driving school, vocational school, obtain a driver's license of the required category, and have driving experience. The driver must know the rules of the road, be able to quickly assess the situation on the road and take correct solution, have the skills to drive a car in various conditions, know the structure of the car, the rules of maintenance. The driver must possess such qualities as attentiveness, observation, vigilance, caution, foresight, balance, patience, be a physically hardy person.

Driver career and salary

Level wages driver depends on the place of work, work schedule, number of hours worked, driving experience. You can also work as a driver privately, in which case the income should be higher, but at the same time, efforts must be made to independently search for customers - passengers.

Some issues of legal regulation of labor of motor transport drivers

Lyudmila Nikolaevna YUSHINA,
lawyer at Ves audit LLC (St. Petersburg)

Many organizations hire drivers to use their own motor transport, which is associated with the obligation of the employer to comply with a number of special requirements for the legal regulation of their work. The issues of hiring, compliance with the regime of working hours and rest, part-time employment and other aspects of the work of drivers have their own characteristics.

Requirements,
presented to the driver

A person applying for a job as a driver can only be accepted after passing a professional selection and vocational training, as well as a mandatory preliminary medical examination (examination).

The employer is obliged to check the compliance of the qualifications, work experience and other professional characteristics of the candidate with the requirements established for a particular type of transportation.

When hiring, an employee must undergo an appropriate medical examination (examination). Thus, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 23, 2002 No. 695 “On the passage of a mandatory psychiatric examination by employees engaged in certain types of activities, including activities associated with sources of increased danger (with the influence harmful substances and unfavorable production factors), as well as those working in conditions of increased danger ", rules were introduced for mandatory psychiatric examination of workers engaged in certain types of professional activity under high risk conditions. These types of work include the management of road transport.

The list of works, during the performance of which preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) are carried out, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health and social development RF dated 16.08.2004 No. 83, also contains an indication of the need for a preliminary and periodic medical examination in relation to persons performing work on the direct control of vehicles. The employer is obliged, together with the relevant trade union body(or other representative body authorized by employees) to draw up and coordinate with the local bodies of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia a list of positions and professions of employees who must undergo mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations, ensure that employees undergo medical examinations in accordance with the relevant regulatory legal documents. If an employee avoids undergoing medical examinations or fails to comply with the recommendations based on the results of the examinations, the employee is not allowed to perform work duties.

If there is a positive decision on registration labor relations the candidate must present, in addition to the prescribed general provisions The Labor Code of the Russian Federation documents listed in clause 3.1.1 of the Regulations on ensuring road safety in enterprises, institutions, organizations engaged in the transport of passengers and goods, approved by Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated 09.03.95 No. 27:

1) a driver's license for the right to drive a vehicle of the relevant category;
2) a document on passage to deadlines medical examination.

In order to verify the compliance of the driver with the work entrusted to him for the safe implementation of a particular type of transportation, he can be hired with a probationary period.

When deciding on the registration of labor relations with certain categories of citizens, the restrictions established by law should be taken into account. Thus, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 25, 2000 No. 163 “On approval of the list of heavy work and work with harmful or hazardous conditions labor, in the performance of which it is prohibited to use the labor of persons under the age of eighteen, persons under the age of 18 are not allowed to perform work with harmful or dangerous working conditions. These working conditions include work performed by profession: asphalt distributor operator, motor grader operator, asphalt concrete paver operator.

The list of hard work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, in the performance of which the use of women's labor is prohibited, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 25, 2000 No. 162, establishes a ban on the use of women's labor in the performance of certain types of work related to driving vehicles. For example, it is forbidden to accept women by profession as a car driver working on a bus with more than 14 seats (except for those employed in intra-factory, intra-city, suburban and rural transportation within one day shift, provided that they are not involved in the maintenance and repair of the bus).
During the entire period of the employment contract with the driver, the employer is obliged to keep records of data: on the qualifications of the driver, the general experience of his driving activity and the experience of driving certain types of vehicles, the timing of the medical examination, participation in traffic accidents, violations of the Rules of the Road , facts of deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle, suspension from work on the line due to alcohol intoxication or the consequences of alcohol intoxication, breaks in driving activities, part-time work.

For admission to driving vehicles, certain categories of drivers are required to undergo an internship. Mandatory internships must be completed by persons who are first hired as a driver after graduation; drivers who have had a break in driving activity for more than one year; drivers assigned to work on mountain routes; drivers transferred to new type vehicle or a new route for the transportation of passengers (clause 3.1.3 of the Regulations approved by the Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated 09.03.95 No. 27). The duration of the internship, volumes and content are determined depending on the length of service and the duration of the break in work, the type of vehicle, the category of the route (urban, suburban, intercity, mountain) in accordance with the current normative documents. Internship is provided on your own organizations or by concluding contracts for internships.

After the driver successfully completes the internship, a conclusion is drawn up on his admission to independent work indicating the type of vehicle and transportation routes. In case of unsatisfactory results, a reasoned refusal to issue a permit is given. The employer keeps the conclusion in the personal file of the driver.

The employer, if possible, is obliged to offer a transfer to another job to a driver who has not received a permit to drive a vehicle and with whom an employment contract has already been concluded. If the employee refuses to transfer or if the transfer is impossible, the driver is subject to dismissal.

In the event that during the passage of a medical examination, professional selection and training, a discrepancy between the person applying for a job as a driver and the stipulated requirements is revealed, he should be denied employment as a driver. Such refusal will be considered justified.

If the employment contract was concluded in violation of the established procedure, it is subject to termination in accordance with Art. 84 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation under clause 11, part 1, art. 77 of the Code (violation of the established Labor Code or other federal law of the rules for concluding an employment contract, if this violation excludes the possibility of continuing work) or in accordance with paragraph 5 of part 1 of Art. 83 of the Code (recognition of an employee as completely incapable of labor activity in accordance with a medical certificate issued in accordance with the procedure established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts RF) under paragraph 10, part 1, art. 77 of the Code (circumstances beyond the control of the parties).

When registering labor relations with drivers, it is necessary to remember the prohibition for employees whose work is directly related to driving vehicles to combine their main work with the performance of work directly related to driving, transport vehicles or vehicle traffic control. Other work (both for this employer and for another) outside the working hours established for the driver, the employee has the right to perform, subject to the restrictions provided for in Art. 284 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (duration of working hours when working part-time).

Working hours and rest

During working hours, the driver must fulfill his labor duties in accordance with the terms of the employment contract, the rules of the internal work schedule organization and work schedule (shift). Working time is defined in the Code (Article 91) as the time during which an employee, in accordance with the internal labor regulations and the terms of an employment contract, must perform labor duties, as well as other periods of time that, in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, other federal laws and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation refer to working time.

The working time regime for road transport workers has its own characteristics, which are established federal body executive power executing the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of transport (Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation), taking into account the opinion of the relevant all-Russian trade union and the all-Russian association of employers. The features established by the Ministry of Transport of Russia cannot worsen the position of workers in comparison with the norms established by the Code.

In order to establish the rules for regulating the work of drivers, the Ministry of Transport of Russia issued Order No. 15 dated August 20, 2004 “On Approval of the Regulation on the Peculiarities of Working Time and Rest Time for Car Drivers”. This Regulation establishes the features of the regime of working hours and rest time for drivers working under an employment contract on cars belonging to organizations registered in the Russian Federation (regardless of organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, departmental affiliation), individual entrepreneurs and other persons carrying out transportation activities on the territory of the Russian Federation. The Regulations do not apply to drivers engaged in international transportation, as well as working as part of shift teams with a shift method of organizing work.

For road transport drivers as general rule the standard of working hours is set to no more than 40 hours per week. For drivers working on a five-day working week calendar with two days off, the normal duration is daily work(shift) cannot exceed eight hours, and for those working according to the calendar of a six-day working week with one day off - seven hours.
In those cases when, according to the conditions of work (production) in general or when performing certain types works, the established normal daily or weekly working hours cannot be observed, the employer, taking into account the opinion of the representative body of workers, establishes a summarized record of working hours for drivers (Article 104 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

The need to introduce a summarized accounting of working hours arises, as a rule, in organizations that send drivers on long trips. Such accounting of working time allows, based on the results of work for accounting period comply with the requirements for working hours.
The procedure for introducing the summarized accounting of working time is indicated in the internal labor regulations.

When introducing a summarized time accounting, it is necessary to set an accounting period, which, in accordance with the Regulations, should be one month. The organization has the right to determine a longer (up to six months) duration of the accounting period in the following cases:

- if the transportation of passengers is carried out in the resort area in the summer-autumn period;
- if the transportation is related to the maintenance of seasonal work.

The duration of working time for the accounting period should not exceed the normal number of working hours. The normal number of working hours for the accounting period is determined on the basis of the weekly working hours established for this category of employees. Accordingly, for workers working part-time (shift) and (or) part-time working week, the normal number of working hours for the accounting period is reduced.

With the summarized accounting of working time, the duration of the daily work (shift) of drivers should not exceed 10 hours. In some cases, the duration of daily work (shift) can be increased up to 12 hours: for example, when the driver, when performing long-distance transportation, needs to be given the opportunity to get to the appropriate place of rest. By decision of the employer, agreed with the representative body of employees, the duration of daily work (shift) for drivers working on regular city and suburban bus routes is increased to 12 hours.

The third case, when it is possible to extend the daily work time of drivers up to 12 hours, in the Regulation is the activity of drivers engaged in the following transportation:

— for healthcare institutions, organizations of communal services, telegraph, telephone and postal communications, emergency services;
— technological (intra-facility, intra-factory and intra-quarry) transportation without access to car roads common use, city streets and other settlements;
– transportation in official cars when servicing organs state power and local governments, heads of organizations.

In this case, the total duration of driving during the period of daily work (shift) should not exceed nine hours.
Attention should be paid to the obligation of the employer when releasing vehicles on a flight for intercity transportation, if he allows the driver to be in the car for more than 12 hours, send two drivers, and equip the car with a sleeping place for the driver to rest.

The working day can be divided into two parts with the consent of bus drivers working on regular city, suburban and intercity bus routes. Such a division is made by the employer, taking into account the opinion of the representative body of employees.

The break time between two parts of the working day is not included in the working time. The beginning of the break is set no later than four hours after the start of work, and the duration of the break between two parts of the working day should be no more than two hours, excluding time for rest and meals. In this case, the total duration of daily work (shift) should not exceed the duration of daily work (shift).

An irregular working day may be established for drivers of passenger cars (except for taxi cars), as well as for drivers of cars of expeditions and survey parties engaged in geological exploration, topographic and geodetic and survey work in field conditions. The decision to establish an irregular working day is taken by the employer, taking into account the opinion of the representative body of the employees of the organization.

The number and duration of work shifts according to work schedules (shifts) with an irregular working day are set based on the normal length of the working week, and weekly rest days are provided on a general basis.

When considering the issue of establishing the duration of work, periods are distinguished that, in accordance with paragraph 15 of the Regulations, are to be included in the working hours of drivers:
a) driving time;
b) the time of special breaks for rest from driving on the way and at the final points;
c) preparatory and final time for performing work before leaving the line and after returning from the line to the organization, and when intercity transportation- to perform work at the turnaround point or on the way (at the parking lot) before the start and after the end of the shift;
d) the time of the medical examination of the driver before leaving the line and after returning from the line;
e) parking time at points of loading and unloading of goods, at places of embarkation and disembarkation of passengers, at places where special vehicles are used;
f) downtime through no fault of the driver;
g) the time of work to eliminate the operational malfunctions of the serviced vehicle that occurred during work on the line, which do not require disassembly of the mechanisms, as well as the performance of adjustment work in the field in the absence of technical assistance;
h) the time of protection of the cargo and the car during parking at the final and intermediate points in the implementation of long-distance transportation in the event that such duties are provided for employment contract(contract) concluded with the driver. The time of protection of the cargo and the car is credited to the driver during working hours in the amount of at least 30%. If transportation by one car is carried out by two drivers, the time for guarding the cargo and the car is counted as working time only for one driver;
i) the time the driver is present at the workplace, when he does not drive a car when two drivers are sent on a flight, is counted as working time in the amount of at least 50%;
j) time in other cases stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The employer, taking into account the opinion of the representative body of the employees of the organization, independently determines: the composition and duration of the preparatory and final work included in the preparatory and final time; the duration of the medical examination of the driver; the specific duration of the time of protection of the cargo and the car, credited to the driver during working hours; the specific duration of the driver's presence at the workplace when he does not drive a car when two drivers are sent on a flight, counted as working time.

The Ministry of Transport of Russia indicates the need to take into account the time of driving during the period of daily work (shift). The time of driving a vehicle cannot exceed nine hours, and in mountainous areas when transporting passengers by buses with an overall length of more than 9.5 m and when transporting heavy, long and oversized cargo— eight hours.

With the summarized accounting of working time, the driving time during the period of daily work (shift) can be increased up to 10 hours, but not more than twice a week. At the same time, the total duration of driving for two weeks in a row cannot exceed 90 hours.

With the summarized recording of working hours for bus drivers working on regular urban and suburban passenger routes, a summarized recording of driving time can be introduced. At the same time, the total driving time for two consecutive weeks, taking into account the driving time during the period of work in excess of the normal working hours (overtime work), cannot exceed 90 hours.

Time to rest

Labor legislation understands the time of rest as the period during which the employee is free from the performance of labor duties and can use this time at his own discretion (Article 106 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

The types of rest periods are:
- breaks during the working day (shift);
— daily (between shifts) rest;
- weekends (weekly uninterrupted rest);
- non-working holidays;
- holidays.

Drivers of vehicles use all the listed types of recreation. With regard to the provision of certain types of rest, employers should take into account the peculiarities legal regulation driver rest time.

Rest breaks
from driving

Drivers on intercity transportation during the working day (shift) are provided with special breaks to rest from driving on the road after the first three hours of continuous driving. The duration of such a break is at least 15 minutes. In the future, breaks of the same duration are provided for no more than every two hours. The only case when special break is not provided - this is its coincidence with the time of providing a break for rest and food.

How often and for how long the driver should take breaks in driving for a short rest, is indicated in the "Task for the time for driving and parking the car."

<...>

Intersectoral rules for labor protection in road transport, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated May 12, 2003 No. 28 (clause 10.3).
Clause 3.1.2 "Regulations on ensuring road safety in enterprises, institutions, organizations engaged in the transport of passengers and goods", approved by order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated 09.03.95 No. 27.
See Art. 329 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.