Business plan for intercity passenger transportation. Passenger transportation as a business

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Business plan

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We offer a high-quality passenger transportation business plan that will help you organize your own passenger transportation business. Public transport is needed in various cities and villages, and there is a lack of it on various short and long-term routes. Hundreds of thousands of people move daily in various directions, and they want comfortable trips and timely transport, so the business promises to be promising.

In this document you will find clear indications of the undertaking: the cost of travel, the maintenance of vehicles, the remuneration of drivers. You need to understand that you can purchase vehicles for personal use, or you can rent them, because leasing also provides tangible benefits for initial stage the formation of the business. Do not forget that drivers must constantly undergo a medical examination, so staffing should be carefully completed.

You can study the information on the organization of passenger transportation right now. The technical justification and calculation of economic indicators, risks and profitability of the undertaking are presented in the document. The development of actual routes is one of the priorities of the entrepreneurial idea for the transportation of passengers. After all, you can make routes in such a way as to solve problems with moving to various points thereby further increasing the profitability of the enterprise.

Shared taxis have become the most efficient alternative to public transport in many cities, offloading passenger traffic and eliminating the need for people to ride on overcrowded buses. The love of the population for minibuses was practically guaranteed, despite the lack of benefits and the recklessness of drivers. In turn, the transportation of passengers in a fixed-route taxi has become very profitable business for entrepreneurs.

According to experts, the future of the taxi market, as a business in Russia, has certain prospects, which many businessmen are in a hurry to take advantage of. In large cities, the total number of fixed-route taxis owned by fleets has long exceeded the number of municipal buses. But passengers have already lost the habit of standing up, rejoicing that they don’t have to stand for half an hour at a bus stop, as before.

If a couple of years ago it was definitely profitable to open a business on a fixed-route taxi, now the situation is a little different. Before investing in opening a taxi fleet, you need to determine the profitability of the business in the region, and the number of buses that will be the most profitable for your fleet.

When opening a fixed-route taxi, start by choosing cars for your fleet. Unfortunately, there are not many options, since buying imported minibuses hits the pocket hard, forcing entrepreneurs to turn their eyes towards local manufacturers, or to buy a used Korean auto industry. Experienced entrepreneurs do not recommend buying cheap cars that are not suitable for use as minibuses, and then remodeling them yourself.

With a lack of initial funds, cars can be purchased on lease, especially since many companies now offer such services. For those who decide to open their own business - a fixed-route taxi service - this option is also more profitable because it allows you not to pay property tax until the cars are fully redeemed. But insurance, the cost of maintenance and repairs, the purchase of fuel are among the mandatory.

Having decided to open an individual entrepreneur - their own business on a fixed-route taxi - many businessmen are trying to find sources of savings. But they are usually very few. One thing you definitely can’t save on is cars. By buying cheaper, used cars, you will end up spending much more on repairs later on. Saving on the salary of the driver will lead to the fact that the company will have a staff turnover, and experienced people will simply not come to you.

When opening a fixed-route taxi, arrange with suppliers for wholesale supplies of fuel and spare parts, which will allow you to save on these expenses. In addition, renting a site for a car park outside the city will cost you less than parking within the boundaries of a settlement. By using a professional passenger transportation business plan, you will save yourself a lot of hassle that comes with starting your company. After studying a competent business project of a fixed-route taxi, you will learn how to determine what period of the day you can earn more in a taxi and how these calculations will help in the development of your business.

Is the passenger transportation business a profitable business? It is definitely impossible to answer this question. It all depends on many factors, and the failures that haunt other businessmen do not yet guarantee a similar outcome for others. The main problem is the low level of service that the owners of bus fleets impose on passengers. Dirty old salons, broken seats with torn upholstery, ancient engines that can fail at any, the most inopportune moment - on such a service good business is definitely not build.

Planning to open a passenger transport company, you should not save on everything, and this especially applies to the transport itself. The desire to reduce costs is commendable, but only if this does not affect the safety of transportation. It is important not to let the transport stand idle, because at this time your business suffers serious losses. Therefore, you should always have a fallback option that will allow you not to experience problems with orders.

Setting up a business like private routes requires a lot of effort. But at the same time, the activity of passenger traffic is not always the same. When opening a people transportation business, you need to be prepared for the fact that your services will not be in demand all the time. And the more rationally you use the available funds, the more effective the result will be. The opening of a taxi depot, a fleet of buses will be successful only if you think through everything to the smallest detail, taking into account the seasonal factor and the likelihood of a temporary lack of demand for your services.

If you plan to open a new passenger transportation route within the city or outside it, you need to carefully study the passenger traffic in this direction in order to understand how much it will be in demand. Before determining a new direction, it is necessary to analyze how full the already open, existing passenger transportation routes are. Many entrepreneurs have recently built a business on minibuses, and it is not uncommon for drivers to simply fight for their passenger.

A bus transportation business can be built in several ways, for example, organizing the transportation of passengers in a fixed-route taxi, or doing intercity transportation. To understand all the nuances of this business (and there are many of them), a competent business plan for passenger transportation will help you. From it you will learn how to calculate the approximate payback for renting buses, how to properly open a business - your own passenger transportation. This document can be taken as the main base for novice entrepreneurs who plan to carry out transportation around the city on a gazelle, and even experienced businessmen. Regardless of the experience in this type of business, the advice of professionals will allow you to avoid common mistakes and quickly solve the most complex problems.

Passenger transportation is the transportation of people by bus or car. Such activities can only be carried out by persons (individuals and legal entities) who have a license to this species transport. Licensing is one of the main measures to improve the safety of commercial passenger transport.

A license for the transportation of passengers is a state document that officially authorizes the transportation of people to legal entities and individuals. It is issued by a special authority. Not only domestic, but also international passenger transportation is possible.

A license for this type of service can significantly expand the scope of the company and make it more popular among potential customers. Private traders and large firms strive to obtain commercial benefits. Licensing is necessary for the implementation of global commercial plans.

Why do you need a license

The importance of obtaining a license is due to the fact that it is a supporting document of some aspects of the activities of individuals and legal entities. The presence of this state document indicates that:

The carrier can ensure the complete safety of passengers.
Services comply with established norms and standards.
Drivers have the necessary experience and long experience of successful work in this field of activity.

Only the presence of a license can prove the professional suitability of legal entities and individuals.

The specified document is issued without fail only for the internal transportation of passengers, if their number does not exceed eight people. The license is issued if you have your own transport or rented.

By law, a document can only be obtained for a period of five years in Federal Service on supervision in the transport sector. After the specified period, the license will have to be renewed.

But the document is not required if the enterprises are engaged in the transportation of passengers for their own needs. This refers to the delivery of workers to the place of work. Also, you will not need a license for domestic transportation of passengers in the amount of seven people or less.

Services for ordering, renting, renting a vehicle together with a driver necessarily require the execution of a special state document. If the same services are provided without the participation of a driver, then it will not be necessary to license such activities.

To obtain a license that ensures the legitimacy of passenger transportation, you will need to collect Required documents and submit them to the territorial body of Rostransnadzor.

Separate documents are issued for transportation:

Urban.
Intercity.
Suburban.
International.

The license is issued 30-45 days after the official submission of the application.

In some cases, an organization or individual may be denied a license:

If the data indicated in the documents are false and distort the real facts.
If the licensee does not meet the necessary requirements.

If the rules for transporting passengers are violated, the driver may be held administratively liable. Some carriers try to circumvent the law and operate without obtaining a license. This is also punishable by bringing to administrative responsibility.

If it is necessary to obtain a document for permission for international transportation, the driver must have three years of work experience on the domestic route. If you have such a license, you will no longer need to issue an additional document for permitting domestic transportation.

What documents are required

The following documents are required to obtain a license:

Certificate of registration of a legal entity.
An application for a license, which must be completed in a specific form. The type of transportation is required.
Documents that confirm the registration of a person for tax registration.
Copies of documents regulated by the "Regulations on Licensing".
Copies constituent documents enterprises certified by a notary public.

Drivers will need the following documents:

Employment book with a record that confirms seniority.
Medical opinion for permission to drive vehicles.

It will not be possible to obtain a license without documentary submission of information about the premises in which maintenance and repair of vehicles is carried out:

Copies of documents confirming the ownership of a specially equipped premises (extract from the USRR or contract).
Declaration of own parking.
Documents for Technical equipment in room.
Certificates or other documents that could confirm that the condition of the premises complies with generally accepted standards.

Additional documents:

Contract for medical pre-trip inspection of drivers.
Documents confirming the availability of the necessary transport.
Technical passport of the vehicle.
Diagnostic card or coupon for technical inspection.
Conclusions of a transport commission specialist (upon request).

If a license for international transportation is required, you will need to obtain additional documents from the transport inspectorate that would confirm admission to international flights.

There are certain requirements for the carrier:

It is necessary that the staff of the enterprise be staffed by qualified drivers with category “D” licenses.
The length of service of an employee in this category should not be less than three years. The information is confirmed officially - an entry in the work book.
Drivers must have medical certificates for admission to driving.
A mandatory requirement is the presence of a medical specialist at the enterprise who performs a pre-trip examination of drivers. If there is none, you will need to conclude an agreement with some medical institution for the provision of such services.
The vehicle license card must be present.
It is obligatory to equip with GLONASS satellite monitoring devices and tachographs.
Vehicles must be technically sound.
The type of vehicle must match the type of transportation.
Availability of specially equipped premises for the implementation of service maintenance and technical inspection of vehicles.

How much does it cost to get a license

To begin with, you will need to pay a state fee in the amount of six thousand rubles. If you only need to reissue a license, the amount of the fee will not exceed 2,600 rubles. Upon renewal, the amount is 600 rubles. It is necessary to attach a receipt of payment to the general package of documents.

Some individual entrepreneurs, legal entities and individuals seek to circumvent the law and not obtain a license. But the result is disastrous. Fines and bringing to administrative responsibility are not worth the spent six thousand rubles.

For carrying out passenger transportation, a fine is imposed:

for citizens and officials in the amount of 50 thousand rubles.
For individual entrepreneurs - up to one hundred thousand rubles.
For legal entities - up to 400 thousand rubles fine.

"Unlicensed" vehicles are subject to mandatory confiscation. Due to non-compliance with the norms of the law, the activities of the enterprise may be suspended for three months. Measures of responsibility can be amplified up to criminal ones.

The service of passenger transportation in a taxi is a separate category of transport services, for the implementation of which there must be a license. It is issued by the municipal authorities within 30 days of the date of application.

As for the features of the procedure, they depend on the regional affiliation. General requirements include:

The driving experience of taxi drivers must exceed three years;
For the provision of the service, it is allowed to use only cars with checkers, an illuminated orange sign and a taximeter;
Mandatory maintenance every six months.

If the car is your private vehicle, you will need the following documents:

A copy of the certificate of registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC;
Original and copy of tax registration certificates;
Original and copy of the vehicle certificate;
Copy of the order for CEO.

If the car is the property of the organization, you will need:

Copy general power of attorney the right to dispose of a car;
Transfer and acceptance certificates;
Vehicle lease agreement;
Car leasing agreement and its copy (if available).

All documents can be submitted electronically. A taxi license is issued by the Department of Transportation for a period of five years.

Registration of a license for one driver will cost the owner of enterprises two thousand rubles.

* Calculations use average data for Russia

From 650 000 ₽

Starting investments

100 000 - 250 000 ₽

60 000 - 150 000 ₽

Net profit

11 months

Payback period

Minibus taxis are one of the most profitable and liquid types of auto business. However, launching it comes with many challenges that aspiring entrepreneurs need to keep in mind.

In most Russian cities, normal bus service is not developed. In frost, people are forced to stand idle at stops for half an hour, an hour, or even longer. You have to choose one of two evils: either you have to wait a long time for a single, but cheap bus, or you quickly get to your destination by an expensive taxi. Minibuses offer a third option: fast and inexpensive. In recent years, fixed-route taxis in many cities of Russia have become almost the main mode of transport, in some places displacing large public transport. They run more frequently than buses, they are more manoeuvrable, they stop at stops on demand, and the conditions in the cabin are often more comfortable.

The shortcomings of urban public transport systems and the growing demand for comfortable transportation from the population make the minibus business very promising for small businesses. You can open your own small business even if you don’t have your own fleet and car maintenance equipment. When operating one minibus, an entrepreneur can count on a profit 3-5 times higher than the level of average wages. It is not for nothing that passenger transportation is called one of the most profitable and liquid types of auto business, which beckons with its passive and easy income.

But, as you know, free cheese is only in a mousetrap. In the minibus business, not everything is as smooth and sweet as it seems to many from the outside. Therefore, before making plans about how many thousand rubles a day a minibus will bring you, we advise you to carefully familiarize yourself with the market in your region, analyze competitive environment and talk to people working in the field. It should be borne in mind that in some cities of the country minibuses are prohibited or serious restrictions are imposed on their activities.

After such an analysis of the market is carried out, a clearer picture will form in the head regarding legal status and enterprise structure. Shuttle business is possible in many variations. You can acquire your own fleet of vehicles or work without it, provide only passenger transportation services or carry out other services (dispatching, maintenance, etc.). Most often, such a business is started either with budget buses, or by attracting drivers with their own cars.

What types of fixed-route taxis are there in Russia

You may have heard that there are different types of fixed-route taxis. Which, for example, may not have a strict binding to the route, and passengers in them may indicate new directions to the driver. So, consider that there are no such types of “minibuses without a route” or “minibuses-taxi” in Russia. At least, the legal concept of "route taxi" does not exist. Since 2013, minibuses have been equated by law with public transport, that is, buses, trams and trolleybuses. This means that the transportation of passengers and luggage in minibuses is carried out on a regular basis and on a regular route. Such transportation is carried out on the basis of a public contract and is defined by law as “transportation by transport common use". In fact, this means that in Russia today there are two types of minibuses, which:

carry out transportation with embarkation and disembarkation of passengers at stopping points along the route of regular transportation;

carry out transportation with embarkation and disembarkation of passengers in any place not prohibited by traffic rules along the route of regular transportation.

In addition, according to the statute road transport and urban ground electric transport, there are 4 types of routes passenger transport:

Transportation in urban traffic. They are carried out within the boundaries of settlements.

Transportation in suburban traffic. Carried out between settlements at a distance of up to 50 km inclusive between the borders of these settlements.

Transportation in intercity traffic. Carried out between settlements at a distance of more than 50 km between the borders of these settlements.

Transportation in international traffic. They are carried out outside the territory of the Russian Federation or into the territory of the Russian Federation with the crossing of its border, including in transit through the territory of the country.

If we talk about the transportation of passengers and luggage in general, then three types of transportation are legally fixed in Russia: these are regular transportation, transportation on orders and transportation by passenger taxis. And, as you already understood, the activity of minibuses falls under the first category. So more correct name for this type of transport there will be not a “route taxi”, but a “minibus” or “small bus”. In addition, a minibus usually means not municipal transport, but private transport, which operates only at the expense of proceeds from ticket sales.

What you need to open your minibus

In Russia, the operation of minibuses, like all other public transport, is regulated federal law No. 220-FZ “On the organization of regular transportation of passengers and luggage by road ...” dated July 13, 2015 and the Charter of Road Transport and Urban Ground Transport.

Thus, current legislation requires all carriers to use a special parking lot for parking, and in order to transport passengers in the amount of more than 8 people, it is necessary to have a license, a route map or a certificate for the right to transport passengers issued by the authorized body of the municipal, regional or regional authorities.

One of the main state documents for the implementation of passenger road transport is considered a license. The presence of this document indicates that the carrier can ensure the complete safety of passengers, that its services comply with established norms and standards, and that drivers have the necessary experience. You can get a license if you have your own transport or rented.

Ready-made ideas for your business

To obtain a license for passenger transportation, it is necessary to collect an impressive package of documents and submit them to the territorial body of Rostransnadzor. It should be borne in mind that separate licenses are issued for each of the four types of transportation (urban, intercity, suburban and international).

The list of documents required to obtain a license for the carriage of passengers includes:

certificate of registration of a legal entity;

an application for obtaining a license, filled out in a specific form, where the type of transportation must be indicated;

documents confirming the tax registration of a person;

copies of documents regulated by the “Regulations on Licensing”;

copies of the constituent documents of the enterprise, certified by a notary.

And that's just, let's say, the main documents. You will also need documents from drivers that confirm their work experience (work book) and the ability to drive vehicles (medical certificate for permission to drive vehicles), information about the premises in which maintenance and repair of vehicles is carried out, namely:

copies of documents confirming the ownership of a specially equipped premises (extract from the register or contract);

declaration of own parking;

documents for technical equipment in the room;

certificates or other documents confirming the compliance of the premises with generally accepted standards.

As additional documents, you will need an agreement for the implementation of a medical pre-trip examination of drivers, documents on the availability of the necessary transport, a vehicle registration certificate, a diagnostic card or a coupon for a technical inspection and the conclusion of a transport commission specialist.

The license is issued within 30-45 days after the application is submitted. Before submitting documents, you must pay a state duty in the amount of 7,500 rubles. If prior to 2011 licenses were issued for 5 years, now they are issued indefinitely. Before collecting documents, be sure to check the list on the official portal of the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Transport, as the requirements may change. Both individual entrepreneurs and organizations can obtain a license to transport passengers. For activities without a license, an individual entrepreneur faces a fine of 100 thousand rubles, organizations - 400 thousand rubles. Moreover, in case of repeated violation, the violator will face not only a fine, but also the confiscation of the vehicle.

One of the stumbling blocks in the business of passenger transportation is the choice and coordination of the route. The fact is that no one will simply allow a novice entrepreneur to carry passengers where they want. In large cities, it is almost impossible to wedge into existing routes, the market there has long been divided. Free niches remained only in small settlements, and they are quite rare. The situation there is different. You can enter the market, for example, if the local bus fleet is very outdated and needs to be replaced, and the entrepreneur is ready to put new buses on the route. To find out if it is possible to get a route in a particular city, you need to contact the local department of transport or transport companies serving the routes and conclude an agreement with them to enter these routes.

It is rather problematic to open new routes. They are developed by the Ministry of Transport of the region together with local governments, and a whole pile of papers is collected for their approval, including calculations of economic feasibility, organizational section, technological calculation, and so on. The choice of the carrier is carried out through tenders held by local administrations. It is almost impossible to win a tender without connections, especially if we are talking about profitable routes.

Ready-made ideas for your business

To find out all the features of obtaining a permit for a route and entering this business in general, it is best for an entrepreneur to familiarize himself with its components from the inside in advance: namely, to communicate with bus owners and drivers and other knowledgeable people. It is quite possible that there may not be legal ways to obtain a route. And then they may demand an impressive amount of up to several hundred thousand rubles from a beginner. Moreover, the hope that the “one-time fee” will solve all cases may also be destroyed. It is no secret that those organizations that have managed to enter this business have to regularly maintain the goodwill of the inspection bodies.

Both carriers and passengers agree that the traditional "Gazelle" as a fixed-route taxi has already become obsolete. These vehicles are not used folk love because of its uncomfortable size and too low ceilings. The capacity of an ordinary route Gazelle is 8 passenger seats, which is not very pleasing for carriers interested in the greatest financial return of their workhorses. On the other hand, Gazelle remains the most budget option to start your business. A used car until 2010 can be purchased within 40-170 thousand rubles, a car from 2011-2013. will cost 210-350 thousand rubles, and newer Gazelles can be purchased for 400-890 thousand rubles. The new "Gazelle" will cost around 1 million rubles.

More capacious, elongated Gazelles for 12 seats will already cost around 1-1.3 million rubles. But with this kind of money, the entrepreneur has a much greater choice. For example, you can buy a good used minibus of one of the foreign brands, or add a couple of hundred thousand and buy a new Gazelle Next with a capacity of 18 people. 18 passenger seats (in various modifications up to 20-22 seats) is the most common capacity of minibuses today. In this class, you can find about a dozen options, the most popular of which are minibuses Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Classic, Ford Transit, Volkswagen Crafter, Iveco Daily, Citroen Jumper, Peugeot Boxer, GAZ Next and Hyundai County. Moreover, the assembly of the latter in Russia has not been carried out since 2014, as well as supplies from South Korea, so you can only buy a used version.

Prices for the most popular taxi minibuses for 18-22 seats*

CAR MODEL	COST, THOUS. RUB.
CAR MODEL	until 2010	2011-2013	2014-2017	New (2018)

Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Classic

Volkswagen Crafter

*according to the Avto.ru website as of 01/25/2018

There is no consensus on which model is definitely better and more reliable. Of course, buying a used car as a fixed-route taxi is always a risk, so if you have limited financial resources, you should use leasing services. For legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, leasing is a great opportunity not only to lower the threshold for entering a business, but also to save money in the process of tax payments, since payments under leasing contracts can be accounted for as current costs attributable to prime cost.

What are the requirements for bus drivers?

The carrier's staff can be completed only by qualified drivers with category “D” licenses. At the same time, the driving experience in this category should not be less than 3 years. It is also necessary to have a medical certificate of admission to the management of transport. The number of suitable candidates is limited, therefore, private traders often sin and hire non-professional drivers or employees fired for misconduct from municipal transport companies.

The minibus driver is obliged to follow the instructions of the dispatching personnel, follow the route schedule, know the places of stops, dangerous sections of the road, detour schemes for repair sites, navigate the location of medical institutions, gas stations and service points.

As for salaries for minibus drivers, the salary system is not used by entrepreneurs in practice. In fact, drivers work on established norm, which may vary on weekdays and weekends, and the salary, if any, is minimal. In this case, the driver's revenue includes an amount in excess of the prescribed rate. The disadvantage of such a scheme is that, in pursuit of revenue, following the route turns into a battle for passengers with other minibuses, with cuts, mutual insults, standing idle at a stop and driving a race with speeding to the next stop. As a result, a vicious system is formed in many respects: drivers think about passengers in the last place, massively overwork, spending 14-16 hours in the cabin, and in case of non-payment of the “plan”, they may be deprived of the bonus or require additional payment from personal funds. This is not to mention traffic violations, accidents and more.

Often the scheme for building a business on minibuses is such that the owner of the minibus is the driver himself, who is obliged to be responsible for washing and refueling, perform minor maintenance, including replacing pads, oil, bulbs and filters, as well as carry out major repairs and provide parking in a personal garage. He, of course, spends the minimum on everything, since he already gives half of the proceeds to the business owner. As a result, passengers receive "broken" minibuses. Unfortunately, most often the labor relations between drivers and owners of carrier companies leave much to be desired and are more like a “collection of tribute”. The turnover in this business is huge, and at the root of most of the problems, of course, is human greed.

Ready-made ideas for your business

Another option, which is chosen by more conscientious carriers, is to remove the bus driver from all other duties, except for driving on company-provided buses. In this case, the cost of gasoline, maintenance, washing and repairs remain with the company. With the solution of the issue of transparency of payments in public transport in our country is not in a hurry. The problem could be solved by the introduction of a cashless payment system with the installation of validators, but such a measure is effective only if it brings real benefits to passengers and applies to all types of urban transport. One way or another, the entrepreneur still needs to know the daily revenue plan, no matter what payment system he introduces. The best option would be to personally ride with the driver along the route as a conductor and calculate income in different days weeks.

Returning to the requirements for drivers, we should not forget about their human qualities. Drivers not only must not be reckless, they must be able to get along with people. It's no secret that working in a minibus is a rather nervous and exhausting business. Here, the ability to control oneself is extremely important, because almost every day you have to deal with inadequate passengers, violent, arguing, and so on.

What are the requirements for the service of minibuses

All vehicles must be serviced at the station Maintenance and checked by a mechanic before each trip to work for malfunctions. Also, before the flight, drivers must undergo an examination by a doctor and obtain permission to perform their duties. If there is no medical worker in the state, then you will need to conclude an agreement with one of the medical institutions for the provision of relevant services.

Minibuses must have licensed vehicle cards. You can not do without equipping GLONASS satellite monitoring devices and tachographs. Cars must be technically sound, and the type of vehicle must correspond to the type of transportation.

The entrepreneur should also take care of where to leave the cars after hours and how the cars will be maintained: on their own or a third party. In order to be in touch with their drivers, an office and the territory of the car park adjacent to it are equipped. Rent can be a significant expense, so finding a location on the outskirts of town is a good idea.

How much does it cost to open a bus business

There is no definite answer to the question of how much it costs to open a business on a fixed-route taxi. It all depends on the region in which it is planned to start, whether it is planned to purchase a fleet of vehicles or not, whether other services will be provided. Some investment guidelines can be obtained from the ads for sale ready business. A ready-made business with all the documentation, a minibus and drivers who agree to work for a new owner will cost from 650 to 1350 thousand rubles. The option of buying a ready-made business can be attractive in that the entrepreneur will be relieved of many initial bureaucratic barriers and will be able to count on a certain flow of customers. In this case, the buyer will only have to find out exactly why the owner is selling his business. In the main period, the expense part of the business may include parking rental, payroll, fuel, insurance, maintenance and repair costs. Also, current costs may include a subscription fee for the route, payment for medical care, taxes.

How much do taxis earn

Finally, we come to the most interesting question. Namely, to the question of how much fixed-route taxis earn. On average, a route with one minibus in the fleet brings about 85-90 thousand rubles a month. The range of net profit varies from 60 to 150 thousand rubles per month with turnover in the amount of 100 to 250 thousand rubles. Accordingly, three minibuses can bring profit from 180 to 450 thousand rubles.

The amount of income, in addition to current costs, is highly dependent on the specific route, the seasonal behavior of passengers and their weekly schedule. Of course, the most profitable is a business that earns on weekdays, that is, along the “work-home” route. No one makes a bet on weekends and transportation of summer residents. On weekends, revenue and net profit indicators can decrease by 2-3 times relative to weekdays.

You can increase profits by advertising inside or outside minibuses. In the cabin, printed materials are most often used: leaflets, banners, booklets, which are placed in places in full view of passengers, for example, on the backs of seats. A special film with a pattern is applied to the body of the bus. Registration is carried out by employees of advertising agencies.

What are the trends and pitfalls in the minibus business

Due to the fact that large amounts of money are circulating on minibuses in the business, one of its main features is closedness. If we are talking about large cities, then, most likely, all profitable routes have long been divided between major players. The minibus business is a very corrupt and highly competitive area. Even with the desire to strictly adhere to the letter of the law, an aspiring entrepreneur may find that playing by "fair rules" in this market is not quoted. In addition, newcomers often underestimate the current costs of transportation. Repair of minibuses, which are used in the mode of hard operation, can be not only expensive, but also long-term. The lack of modern bus service stations can put transport out of service for weeks and even months. Moreover, the entrepreneur is most often not able to increase revenue due to fixed tariffs. Tariffs may not change for years, while services for repairs, maintenance and gasoline continue to grow in the meantime.

When opening a business on minibuses, one cannot ignore the main trends in this area. In recent years, there has been a growing understanding in Russia that a minibus is a type of transport that has a detrimental effect on the situation with public transport in general. One of the main problems of minibuses is their low capacity. If the minibus can accommodate 15-20 passengers, then the tram and bus can accommodate 120 people. For cities suffering from traffic jams, it is clearly more efficient to replace 6-8 minibuses with one bus or tram. Minibuses clog roads and stops, causing large quantity Accidents and in general exacerbate the situation on the roads.

Vehicle owners are increasingly thinking about the question: how to effectively and efficiently use their vehicles. Is it profitable to build a business on the transportation of passengers and what needs to be done to make this idea work great? We offer an action plan on how to open your own passenger transportation business and how to accurately calculate the profitability ratio of this project.

The business of transporting passengers over short and long distances (and even abroad) belongs to the category of entrepreneurial activity with a minimal probability of going bankrupt. The reasons are clear to everyone - passenger transportation is always needed!

Such a basis for starting a company is more than inspiring. And if a novice entrepreneur is an experienced driver who is well versed in automotive technology, who knows how to correctly calculate the profitability of his activities, logically substantiate successes and failures, draw conclusions and put them into practice - such a driver will definitely become a millionaire in the near future!

It is on the comments of successful business drivers that this article was compiled. This is a huge help to all those who dream of realizing their skills/talents and achieving financial independence.

A business building strategy involves identifying and taking into account factors that will contribute to (or categorically interfere with!) Making a profit from business activities.

The demand for passenger transportation or the search for an alternative transport service in this territory;
Transport and all related expenses;
Options for registering a business with state tax authorities and the amount of tax payments.

We propose to consider these three factors in the context of individual entrepreneurial activity, i.e. without organizing a large company (and registering it as a legal entity) to carry out passenger transportation.

If you plan to open a company, then the costs of registration and current expenses will increase several times, but the potentially expected profit will also be much larger.

Each of these points should be dealt with carefully, analyze the possibilities and choose what will be the most beneficial for your particular case.

Business for the transportation of passengers must be opened where people have a need for this service. For example, if you live in a small village located 10 km from the city, and each inhabitant of the village has his own transport, then with 100% certainty we can say that the business of transporting passengers will not justify itself.

A more optimistic situation is when the number of people in an urban-type settlement is from 5,000, and a third of them are people of working age who are employed in the nearest urban center located at least 50 km from the specified urban-type settlement. Thus, it is not difficult to calculate that up to 1,500 people can be potential customers every day.

Of course, in such an urban-type settlement there is already a passenger carrier, but whether its services are enough for the timely transportation of all interested passengers, whether there is an excessive workload in the transport-carrier - the answer to these questions will determine the degree of demand for another competitor-carrier in the area .

IN big city there are always enough options to effectively use your transport. But, of course, you should pay attention to the competition. It is competitors (their services, cost and other conditions of transport offers) that will largely adjust your performance on these points.

In the format of an individual state of emergency, it is quite effective to provide passenger transportation services on your own vehicle without being tied to a specific territory.

For example, in the summer, organize trips to the sea, carry out sightseeing trips, private orders for the delivery of people to a specific destination, wedding transportation, etc.

Of course, if the idea of a business plan for the transportation of passengers is focused only on irregular seasonal transportation, then the payback of all investments and costs for opening such an emergency will be longer than if the transport operates every day all year round.

When the issue of the demand for passenger transport for a given territory is resolved, it is necessary to deal with transport. For how many passenger seats do you need to buy a car in order for the profitability of the activity to be high? The axiom "the more places - the better" does not always work. Because The passenger capacity of the bus directly depends on the overall dimensions of the vehicle, which means it also affects the indicator of fuel costs, maintenance, tax payments, etc.

How to choose the right type of transport:

If you plan to carry out only passenger transportation, then you will need to buy a bus;
When in the future we also provide cargo transportation services, the purchase of a minibus or minivan (for example, GAZ, Mercedes Sprinter, Peugeot Boxer, Citroen Jumper, Fiat Ducato, Ford Transit) or another type of cargo and passenger transport will become a profitable transport.

The second option for using vehicles is more rational, because. will allow you to have not only income from the transportation of passengers, but also additional income from the transportation of goods. By the way, if regular passenger transportation implies the driver's dependence on the established travel schedule, then cargo transportation is unplanned events / orders that arise spontaneously, which means that the time for their implementation can be adjusted by the driver.

When choosing vehicles, experienced drivers will give preference to vehicles with lower fuel consumption per 100 km, vehicles from reliable auto brands with greater wear resistance, a high level of comfort for passengers and the driver (high ceiling, soft seats, luggage compartment, air conditioning in the cabin) and other amenities.

In the event that the transport already exists and the owner is sorting out alternatives for its high-quality use, this is one business development scenario.

But, often, the passenger transportation business is planned from scratch, i.e. no vehicles. How to buy transport?

Suppose that there is no money to buy a new car, then there are two solutions:

Buy a new car on credit;
Buy a used car for little cash.

It is impossible to determine which of these solutions is more wise and rational. It all depends on specific situation, emerging nuances. But, each of these solutions has certain positive / negative characteristics.

A new car on credit will require monthly payments to repay the loan for several years, which means that net profit will decrease by this amount. But, for such a machine, there is practically no danger of unexpected breakdowns and repair costs. As additional positive points, you can definitely indicate the warranty time for a certain number of kilometers + service.

When buying a used car, there is no guarantee that this vehicle will perform its tasks flawlessly long time. Major and minor breakdowns, and, consequently, unplanned downtime and costs due to repairs - you should be prepared for such situations. They can not only increase the payback period of a business very much, but also cause significant damage to both the finances and the credibility of the entrepreneur.

So, questions with motor transport and its advantageous application resolved. Now, in order to avoid trouble with the law and penalties, you should choose the type of business activity. You can register yourself as a private entrepreneur, or you can open law firm with more than 50 employees. In order to competently resolve all issues with the legalization of business activities, it is necessary to contact the tax authority at the place of residence of the applicant in a timely manner.

The main differences between a private enterprise (individual enterprise) and an LLC (company with limited liability which is a legal entity) in the following circumstances:

Registration of a private enterprise (IP) is a little easier and faster than opening an LLC;
The financial costs of registering a private enterprise are less than when registering an LLC;
Tax reporting and the amount of monthly tax payments are carried out according to a simplified scheme in a state of emergency - a much more complex tax reporting scheme operates in an LLC.

The conclusion is unequivocal: if you do not have experience in individual entrepreneurship, then it is easier and more reliable to open a small private enterprise at the first stages of activity.

In the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Transport, it is necessary to issue a license for passenger transportation. This document is issued to a private entrepreneur engaged in passenger transportation for a period of 5 years and requires a timely extension after the expiration of this period.

To avoid time delays, for the first and all subsequent cases of obtaining / renewing a license, prepare the following package of documents in advance:

An application for obtaining / renewing a license, as well as certified copies of all the constituent documents of your private enterprise (passport of the general director of the enterprise, charter, certificate of individual entrepreneur or legal entity, extract from the USRIP or USRLE) + documents for renting an office and a garage box. If it is not the owner who applies for a license, then a notarized power of attorney for this entity will also be required;
OSAGO insurance policy for each working vehicle + passports of the technical means used + the presence in each vehicle of Russian GLONASS navigation systems and tachographs (this is a mandatory set of passenger vehicles that will help track travel time, speed and other technical aspects in accordance with the decree of the government of the Russian Federation);
Certificate of registration technical means in the traffic police + TRP coupon + Agreement with a car service (center for monitoring the good condition of cars);
Drivers' documents (driver's licenses of category B, D1, medical certificates, work books confirming work experience in passenger transportation for at least three years);
Certified copies of documents on the passage of the owner of the state of emergency or officials of the legal entity who are responsible for ensuring security traffic corresponding attestation;
According to the law, a health worker is required to check the health of the driver before the flight: an agreement with a licensed medical officer who will perform a daily pre-trip examination of all drivers is also required;
Details of the bank with which you have concluded a service agreement;
If your carrier company rents vehicles, you will also need a vehicle rental agreement;
Receipt of payment of the cash fee for obtaining a license.

Failure to comply with the rules for the preparation / submission of these documents entails a delay in obtaining a license for passenger transportation, and the performance of passenger transportation without a license is subject to huge fines under the Law of the Russian Federation.

State services such as the traffic safety inspectorate, the customs service, etc. can request a license for the carriage of passengers from the driver or the owner of the carrier company. A special check on the fact that the carrier has a license and its validity period is carried out every 2 years by specialists of the Federal Service.

The main points for opening a motor transport business for the transportation of passengers are listed, all the necessary documents are prepared and submitted in authorized bodies to obtain a license. Now we propose to do a general calculation of the profitability of the planned business activity. In other words, how much net income can you get.

The formula is simple:

Estimated Monthly Profit - Total Costs = Net Profit.

Calculating the expected profit during the month with daily passenger traffic is very simple. Let's say you use a car of the domestic auto industry GAZelle of the latest modifications with a maximum number of passenger seats up to 13 pcs. It is necessary to carry out the transportation of passengers from city A to city B, the distance between which is 100 km. During the day, you can make 2 trips from city A to city B and back by GAZelle.

The cost of travel in vehicles is regulated by the state and marginal tariffs are set for the transportation of passengers and luggage on suburban and intercity buses. The fare on your route cannot go beyond the tariff limits established by law. To determine what the price of a one-way ticket on your route might be, let's take a similar situation - for example, the cost of a ticket from Voskresensk and Podolsk, Moscow Region. The distance between these cities is 100 km, and the cost of a ticket is the minimum according to the tariffs of carriers = 5,300 rubles.

When transporting 13 passengers one way, you can get:

5 300 rub. x 13 passengers = 68,900 rubles.
And vice versa - just the same. Those. for one trip from city A and city B and back, the income of vehicles will be equal to 137,800 rubles.
During the day we make 2 trips in both directions, i.е. 137,800 x 2 = 274,000 rubles.
For a month, the GAZelle will earn: 271,000 x 30 days = 8,130,000 rubles of profit.

Total cost calculation

Let's determine the net profit indicator, i.e. subtract the costs from income.

Travel time is spent 1.5 hours, fuel consumption by average standards, taking into account stops at the GAZelle, reaches 15 liters per 100 km. Taking as a reference unit the cost of A-95 at 40 rubles per liter (+\- 10% depending on the region), we get the following cash equivalents:

for 3 hours of work (i.e. travel in both directions) you need to spend: 40 rubles / liter x 15 liters x 2 = 1200 rubles.
Therefore, the total cost of fuel alone will be:
2 times x 1200 rubles = 2400 rubles per day. And about 72,000 rubles a month.
Reduce the estimated amount of income by the amount of fuel costs for one day:
274,000 - 1200 = 272,800 rubles.
And let's determine the net profit for the month: 8,130,000 -72,000 = 8,058,000 rubles.

Now let's calculate the depreciation

Yes, it is also necessary to take into account the depreciation of the car (for example, changing the engine oil, coolant, lubricant in the expansion tank of the power steering, brake fluid, etc.) - this is done with a run of 10 thousand km or in case of unforeseen situations.

If a car travels 100 km x 4 times = 400 km per day, then an oil change will be required every 25 days, and the cost of multigrade semi-synthetic oil 10W-40 with SL quality = about 200 rubles per liter. And that's just for the engine!

Without going into the details of maintenance of the GAZelle, we will take as the starting point for the cost of maintaining the car an amount equal to 25% of the profit received per month. Those. the technical content of the GAZelle per month is equal to:

8,130,000 x 25% = 2,032,500 rubles.
The result of calculations for the month of work will be as follows:
8,130,000 - 72,000 - 2,032,500 = 6,025,500 rubles per month.

Taxes for a private passenger carrier

Tax liabilities also need to be paid on time and in sufficient amount. A registered PE is taxed in accordance with the UTIIdnb calculated specifically for it (taxable base). This taxable base is formed on the basis of many factors, and the CMIP (or the number of seats in vehicles) is of no small importance here.

According to the latest data, the taxation of a carrier performing regular passenger transportation is about 6,000 rubles per month. Although, this amount cannot be called unchanged, since the exact calculation of tax liabilities is carried out on an individual basis specifically for each private entrepreneur.

The profit from the work of the GAZelle for the month of 6,025,500 rubles will decrease by another 6,000 rubles and we will get 6,019,500 rubles a month.

It is also worth considering the cost of advertising your service on transportation passengers. There are ways of free advertising (boards of free announcements, thematic Internet sites, etc.). And there are also paid forms: the creation of big boards, the publication of invitations to use your own transport for a trip in the press, etc.

Let's sum up all the costs of opening:

Buy a new GAZelle minibus - about 1,000,000 rubles;
The cost of installed GLONASS navigation systems and a tachograph does not exceed 100 thousand rubles;
total cost legal registration private enterprise is about 45 thousand rubles;
The minimum cost of renting this route will be from 22 thousand rubles per month;
The cost of fuel and lubricants - from 100 thousand rubles,
The salary of the driver and the conductor is 50 thousand rubles each.
Total: 1,367,000 rubles.

Knowing the net profit for the month of work, you can easily determine the time to pay off all the costs associated with starting a business. With favorable factors, this amount is already really "recaptured" according to the results of the first month of work:

6,019,500 - 1,367,000 = 4,752,500 rubles per month - this is the final net profit, taking into account fully repaid debt obligations.

The next months will no longer require repayment of the debt for the purchase of a car, for the installation of equipment, etc. Yes, mandatory tax payments + payment for the rental of the route, the cost of fuel and lubricants and car depreciation + payment of wages to employees - this will remain. But, the gross share of start-up costs has already paid off!

This is just the tip of the iceberg of the necessary initial costs for organizing and formalizing a private passenger transportation business.

If you have your own savings and (even if only partially) the amount necessary costs the entrepreneur paid immediately - that's good. But, in most cases, when opening a new passenger transportation business, the organizers do not have such an amount of cash. There is a way out - to take a loan from a bank. This means that the amount of net income will again be reduced by the amount of mandatory monthly interest on repayment of the loan debt in the bank. Although, the advantage of this particular method of resolving the problem with a shortage of cash will be the ability to repay the amount of debt gradually, broken down over several years.

Of course, even according to preliminary calculations, a significant amount of all costs will pay off already by the end of the first month of work. But, as in any forecast - errors and omissions, as well as unexpected force majeure circumstances - all such troubles are not excluded!

Already at the stage of theoretical calculation, it is easy to detect errors in the construction of the income scheme associated with the organization of passenger transportation services. For example, the fact that it is impossible to constantly drive in the maximum load mode of the car with passengers. Situations are likely when the car goes on the road with just a few passengers (or even without them at all!). And you cannot reject the trip, since the work schedule is set and at the final destination (city B), passengers may be waiting for your flight. Breakdowns and other troubles are not ruled out. All such moments bring damage, which in the end can significantly reduce the amount of profit (and increase the payback period).

In any case, I definitely want to make an optimistic conclusion! Who does not risk - he does not win! Here Golden Rule all entrepreneurs and at all times. There is a danger, but you can always overcome it. And even if at the beginning of the path something does not work out, there are some difficulties - do not quit the business you have begun, but fight for your profitable place under the sun. And everything will definitely work out!!

It is not easy to choose the direction for organizing a private business. To facilitate the task, we advise you to pay attention to passenger transportation. There are at least three reasons:

the owner will receive a tangible income;
payback period is relatively short;
increased demand for such services.

The service is in demand both in large and small cities of Russia. But you need to fulfill a prerequisite, to obtain the appropriate license, which is accompanied by the formation of the necessary package of documents.

Features of the passenger transportation business

In addition, passenger transportation services form two branches:

taxi service;
private transport.

Here, the demographic factor plays into the hands of the entrepreneur. The population in large cities is steadily increasing, therefore, the need for transportation is also gaining momentum.

The characteristic features of the agreed business are formed:

drivers, as a rule, find their clients in places of concentration of people;
taxi drivers, with rare exceptions, do not go to addresses on calls;
the entrepreneur can afford a free schedule, there are no mandatory working hours;
the appearance of the car and the neatness of the interior will be additional advantages when looking for customers.

It is impossible not to mention other modes of transport, for example, air or water. But in this case, the development of a developed infrastructure will be required, which will affect the amount start-up capital and the size of the firm. Entrepreneurs of medium business do not have such funds, therefore, we will return to the discussion of transportation within the city or outside the city. Less effort and money will be spent, and the results will be tangible in the short term.

The question that worries every owner is the payback period. The average is three months. The estimated period of time may change due to specific factors of the region: the number of people living in the settlement and the length of the route.

There are pitfalls to think about ahead of time. in a profitable and simple business always high competition. The larger the city, the more players in the market. Pass the entry barriers difficult task for a beginner, but it is an integral part of the start, especially on profitable flights.

The main stages of starting a business

The first step is to draw up a business plan. motor transport enterprise for the transportation of passengers. Without thinking through your actions to the smallest detail, you will not cope with the task. It may seem simple at first, but soon the entrepreneur realizes that first he had to draw up a detailed action plan, assess financial risks, and then get down to business. Save your money by spending time on a business plan.

Registration of documents. Register a company as a legal entity or individual entrepreneur. Take care of obtaining a license for the selected type of activity. Check out existing species licensing in the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation and choose the one that suits your conditions. There are only three of them and depend on the purpose and dimensions of the vehicles involved in transportation:

for cars;
for vehicles that can carry more than eight people;
for transport, with a carrying capacity of 3.5 tons.

When submitting a package of documents for obtaining a license, it is necessary to pay a state duty, as of today, in the amount of 300 rubles. The decision-making process takes time for officials. Having received a positive decision, you will need to pay another fee, 1000 rubles. The license is issued for a period of 5 years.

Having given preference to transportation by fixed-route taxis, start registration individual cards. The won tender for the right to carry out transportation in a big city will help in business development.

Pay due attention to hiring staff. Carefully consider the route of your transport. Coordination of the route with the city administration is a mandatory requirement. It will be difficult to determine the exact period of time spent. Alternative solution may be renting an existing route. Which solution is acceptable is up to you.

Keep in mind that you will need to pass a technical inspection and have certificates of quality conformity. The carrier is responsible for the lives of passengers. Evaluate the technical condition of the bus before buying, otherwise the repair costs may be higher than the expected profit. Downtime for repairs also does not contribute to an increase in revenue.

The task of choosing a vehicle may seem problematic. There are many offers. Your choice directly depends on the future type of activity. Perhaps the intention to hire a driver with your car will push you to the final decision. A nice bonus will be the amount saved on the purchase of your own transport.

However, a business based on earnings with the help of rented vehicles is not as attractive as it seems at first glance. Along with the clear benefits, there are hidden risks. You win due to the absence of problems with the car, all costs are borne by the owner. There are at least three shortcomings:

you will not be able to fully control the workflow, which means you are losing a leadership role;
the driver does not depend on you and can leave in case of disagreement;
proceeds will need to be divided, according to the contract.

The conclusion suggests itself - the best option is to purchase your own transport, which will allow you to manage the business yourself. However, it all depends on the amount of initial capital. Of course, independence is always more expensive.

Advertising is the main source of consumers

A constant flow of customers will help you form a well-organized advertising and a profitable route. Here are two areas that will need to be focused on in order to win a place in the passenger transportation market.

One should not hope that the passenger traffic will be formed without spending on advertising. At times, the costs seem exorbitant, but after a short time, analyze the data of the financial report and determine what percentage of the revenue goes to advertising costs. As a rule, this is 12-15% of the revenue. Not so much. And if each advertising campaign is thought out to the smallest detail, then the effectiveness of advertising will be obvious.

For transport companies, the generally accepted places for the distribution of outdoor advertising are:

billboards - billboards located along the roads;
advertising on public transport, including on your cars;
bulletin boards.

The list is not complete, you can supplement it, taking into account the specifics of your region.

Wherever you place your ad, it must be accessible to the target audience, and thought out to the smallest detail. So, the first step towards the client is made. Next, consider a system of discounts, especially at the stage of entry into the market. Pay great attention to the quality of services provided, the ability to communicate with customers. Train your drivers in polite communication with customers, familiarize them with the route, conduct certification for beginners. Regularly track the prices of competitors, and form your own prices at the market level.

As you can see, even common list The tasks are large enough and require full immersion in the work. Therefore, start with detailed business plan, where every step will be spelled out and every item of expenditure will be evaluated, even for little things. If you decide to enter the road of the passenger transportation business, keep in mind that the competition is very high. For beginners, the requirements are always special. You will have to show high level self-organization, intelligence and management skills to build a structured business. It will be difficult, but having thought through everything to the smallest detail, you will cope with the task, and soon you will start earning the profit that you put in the financial part of the business plan. Good luck in your endeavors!