Complex numbers. Types of numerals - simple, compound and complex

Russian language lesson Grade 6

Kovaleva T.I., teacher of Russian language and literature
Settlement Central, Volodarsky district, Nizhny Novgorod region MBOU secondary school №45

Subject: "Simple, complex and compound numbers."

Lesson Objectives:

Open textbooks on page 147 § 60. Read the textbook material.

Tell us, using a slide, about groups of numerals? Who will try?
……, repeat what you said……

- communication of students from the history of numerals;

Eleven is formed from the expression "one by ten" and means "one over ten", ten in pronunciation has changed to twenty. Our ancestors counted "one in ten", "two in ten", that is, one plus ten, two over ten. Gradually merging three words into one gave us eleven, twelve, thirteen. This is how all the numerals of the second ten from 11 to 19 are formed.

The word million was coined by the famous Italian traveler Marco Polo. Having visited China in the 111th century, he could not find words to express his admiration for the wealth of this country. So he formed a new word from the Italian milli (which meant "thousand") and the particle -one (corresponding to the magnifying suffix -isch). Thus, the word million is literally translated as "thousands".

c) vocabulary work: one + on + twenty = eleven;

three + by + twenty = thirteen

4. Fixing

We got acquainted with groups of numerals by structure. Let's consolidate what we have learned by completing the following task.

Slide number 2.

Look at the slide.

Task: Choose and name simple numbers. How did you define it?

compound numerals

compound numbers

Simple: six sites, eleventh century.

Complicated: five hundred rubles, one hundred thousandth buyer.

Compound: two point five percent, thirty-fifth year.

Well done. You have completed the task.

List again the groups of numerals for which you were looking for examples.

- work on cards (2 people)

Distributive dictation: divide the numbers into two groups (simple and compound):

Three, forty-eight, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five, seventy-seven, five hundred and forty-two, three hundred and fifteen, six hundred and eighty-one, one million, two hundred and thirty-five thousand, nine hundred and seventy-one, one hundred and thirteen.

And now you will act as designers.

Task: You have parts of sentences with numerals on your desks. Make up 3 sentences and write in your notebooks.
- Read the sentences and name the group of numerals according to the structure in this proverb.
1. In the Russian language textbook three hundred sixty five pages.

(Composite).

2. We study in sixth class. (Simple).

3.The weight of the candies is fifty t kilogram. (Complicated).

4. Verification work.
And now let's check how much you have learned the topic of the lesson.

Task: Each of you has tasks with answer forms on your desks. Sign the form. Read the question carefully and write your answers on the blanks.

Slide number 3.
Look at the key.

sl p s p sl

Check that you are doing the right thing. Rate yourself, pass the papers.

Let's summarize the test.

Who did the job without mistakes? Hands up.

Who made 1 mistake?

Who failed?

I am glad that most of the class has learned to define groups of numerals according to the structure without errors, i.e. the goals set at the beginning of our lesson have been achieved.

In the next lessons, we will continue our acquaintance with numerals.

And today at the lesson received marks ...

Grading with a short commentary.

Exercise on house with recommendations (1 min.)

Slide number 4.

§ 60 p.147 Learn groups of numerals by structure.

Exercise 351

☼ optional: write out from newspapers or magazines 3

sentences with numerals, different in their structure.

This is :

Do you know that the number "seven" has been considered sacred since ancient times and was very common, which is why there are so many proverbs, sayings, phraseological units with this number.

Task: Remember and name examples.

Let me start. In seventh heaven, 7 Fridays in a week, pull down 7 skins, up to a seventh sweat, seven spans in the forehead, etc.

Literature.

Russian language. Grade 5 Tutorial for educational institutions with an electronic application. At 2 o'clock / [T. A. Ladyzhenskaya, M. T. Baranova, L. A. Trostentsova and others; scientific editor N. M. Shansky]. - 2nd edition - M .: Education, 2013.
Raman T. V. Thematic and lesson planning in the Russian language: 5th grade: to the textbook by T. A. Ladyzhenskaya and others “Russian language. 5th grade” / T. V. Raman. - M .: Exam, 2006. - 318, - (Series "Educational and methodological kit").
Shibalova L. V. Control and verification work in Russian: Grade 5: to the textbook by T. A. Ladyzhenskaya and others. “Russian language: a textbook for educational institutions” / L. V. Shibalova. - 2nd edition, revised and supplemented - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2013.
Russian language lessons in grade 5: A book for the teacher / G. A. Bogdanova. - 2nd edition - M .: Education, 2003.
Egorova N.V. Lesson developments In Russian. Grade 5 - 2nd edition, revised - M .: VAKO, 2013

Card #1
Exercise: Specify: simple ( P.); complex ( sl.); composite ( with) numerals.
One second of a kilometer, one fourth of the final, seven hundred kilograms, five people, three days, five lessons, eighteen degrees, sixty years, three hundredths of a section, two sevenths.

Card number 2.
Exercise: Specify: simple ( P.); complex ( sl.); composite ( with) numerals.
One second kilometer, one fourth final, seven hundred kilograms, five people, three days, five lessons, eighteen degrees, sixty years, three hundredths of a section, two sevenths
Card number 3
Exercise: Specify: simple ( P.); complex ( sl.); composite ( with) numerals.
There are three hundred and sixty-five pages in the Russian language textbook.

We are in the sixth grade.

The weight of sweets is fifty kilograms.

There are three hundred and sixty-five pages in the Russian language textbook.

According to the composition, cardinal numbers are divided into simple, complex and compound. Simple numerals are words with a simple stem - unmotivated and suffixed: two, five, ten, fourty, hundred, how many, so many, fifteen, thirty; Compound numerals are words with a complex stem: sixty, eight hundred(for details see § 1032, 1034). Compound numbers consist of several words (two or more), each of which is itself a simple or complex number: twenty five, eight hundred thirty eight. A compound numeral may include a noun with the meaning of a number; For example: one thousand nine hundreds seventy six; (one) million five thousand hundred ninety five. When denoting very large numbers or quantities ( billion, thousands billion) are used by noun. billion(billion) , trillion(a number equal to a thousand billion), quadrillion(conventional name for a number represented by a unit with fifteen or twenty zeros), which appear in various combinations with numerals or other nouns: one trillionfive billion eight million hundred thousand two hundred eighty one.

declension of cardinal numbers

Numerals two, three, four form case forms following the model of the mixed declension of adjectives (see § 1315). The system of their inflections in cosv. pad. is a slightly modified system of inflections of case forms of mixed skl. plural adjectives h. Number. two, three, four have the following phonemic composition of inflections:

Paradigms
	dv-a	dv-e	tr-and	four-e
	dv-wow		tr-ex	four-ex
	dv-mind		tr-eat	four-eat
	how to them. or genus. P.		how to them. or genus. P.
	dv-knowing		tr-name	four-me
	about dv-wow		about tr-ex	about four-ex

Numerals from five before ten and all numerals on - twenty and - ten form case forms according to the third skl. nouns (see § 1187). A distinctive feature of the declension of numerals on - ten is the so-called double declension, i.e. the declension of both components: fifty, fifty, fifty. Numerals on - ten form case forms from variant bases: forms to them. and wine. n. have a basis on a solid consonant, and the forms of other coss. pad. - for a soft consonant: fifty, but fifty.

Paradigms
	five	fifteen	fifty
	heels-and	fifteen-and	fifty-and
	heels-and	fifteen-and	fifty-and
	five	fifteen	fifty
	heels-Yu	fifteen-Yu	fifty-Yu
	about heels-and	about fifteen-and	about fifty-and

Compound numerals change in cases. When forming case forms, it is normal to change the cases of each word included in the compound numeral.

one thousand	two hundred	eighty seven
thousands	two hundred	eighty seven
thousand	two hundred	eighty seven
thousand	two hundred	eighty seven
thousand(thousand)	two hundred	eight ten seven
about thousand	about two hundred	about eighty seven

declension of collective and indefinitely quantitative numbers

Collective numbers. both, two, three, four and others, as well as indefinitely quantitative numerals lot, Little, how many, how many-someday, how many-then, some, so many,so many-then form cosv forms. pad. according to the adjective type of declension of adjectives. Collective numerals have case forms with a system of inflections plural. h. Numerals two, three, four have in them. n. inflection | 1 | (spelling - about and - e), and in the rest case forms inflections identical to inflections of the adjective declension of adjectives in its varieties of hard (collective numbers with a base on a hard consonant) or soft (collective numbers with a base on |j|)

Number both, both forms case forms from different bases: in the forms of cos. pad. husband. and avg. R. - the basis of | oboj | -, in the forms of cos. pad. female R. - the basis | about "ej | -.

In Russian, simple and complex numerals are expressed in one word. As a result, there are many difficulties in determining the category of the name of the numeral. This article describes the distinguishing features of simple and complex numerals, the features of their declension with examples.

Just like simple, complex numbers are expressed in one word. That is why many people have difficulty distinguishing between the words of these two categories. In order to accurately determine the category of a numeral by value, it is necessary to be able to see the composition of the word.

What is the difference between simple and complex numbers?

The number of simple numerals is not so great that it would be impossible to remember all of them. These include numbers from 0 to 20, as well as a word that stands for the number 30.

There are also few complex numbers. These are numbers from twenty to ninety and from two hundred to nine hundred. Complex quantitative and ordinal numbers have two roots, which are written together: thirty + twenty - thirty, five + ten - fifty.

In some simple numerals, historically, two roots can also be distinguished. These words include the names of numbers from 11 to 20 and 30. They include the full first part of the word one, two, four etc., preposition on the(in words 11 to 19) and an abbreviated version of the word " ten» – twenty. This is twenty has already lost its original meaning and has grown together with the first root of the word.

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Numeral- one of the simplest parts of speech in Russian. It’s easy to find out the numeral - just ask the question “how much” or “which”, and if the word answers it, then it is included in this group.

But within a large group, numerals are divided into several varieties. Consider the main ones and find out how to attribute a part of speech to a particular type.

What are the prime numbers?

Main hallmark numeral - this is the ability to write a word in numerical form, that is, in numbers. But the records can be very different from each other in terms of appearance and by reading - for example, the words "ten", "three hundred and twelve" and "one thousand six hundred and seventy-eight."

The group of prime numerals includes mostly prime numbers that are written with just one word - “six”, “nine”, “four”.
It happens that the numeral consists of two or more digits - “twelve”, “one hundred”, “million”. It still remains simple, since there is only one word - and most importantly, only one root.

Compound numbers

But such words as "sixty", "eighty" or "seven hundred" are no longer simple. Although they are written in one word, there are more roots here. For example, the word "sixty" consists of the stems "six" and "ten", the word "seven hundred" consists of the stems "seven" and "one hundred". Such words are usually called complex, and it is very important not to confuse them with simple ones.

Compound - numerals from several words

The main difference between compound numbers and the previous two groups is their spelling in several separate words. Examples are "one thousand sixty-eight", "four hundred and twenty-three", "eight hundred and forty-one", "twenty-two". Almost all fractions also belong to this group - if you write them in words, not numbers, you always get a whole phrase.

For example - "one point six", "five ninths", "two thirds". The only exception is the word "one and a half" - it can be used to express the number "one point five".

The rules for declension of compound numerals deserve special mention. They differ depending on the situation. Sometimes the expression is declined completely, for each word - for example, "pay for the purchase of three hundred and forty-three rubles." But in some cases, only the last part of the compound number is transformed. For example, you can take "in one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." As we can see, here the case is changed only for the last part - all the rest remain in the nominative case.