How to care for Chinese rose. Hibiscus room care at home transplant and pruning

The indoor hibiscus plant is a representative of lush inflorescences and juicy green foliage, popular and loved by many flower growers. The native land of this specimen from the Malvaceae family is China, the African tropics and Western India.

Hibiscus flowers bloom at dawn and fall off at sunset. One branch can have up to twenty flowers per day. If the plant is larger, the number of inflorescences can reach fifty. Hibiscus flowers can grow up to 16 centimeters in diameter. In shape, each of them resembles a cup with stamens collected in a tube and turning into a pistil. Inflorescences mostly do not have a pronounced smell, however, there are varieties that are distinguished by a very bright aroma.

This plant was known in ancient Greece, today it has become widespread as a Chinese rose. Hibiscus flowers are an exquisite decoration for the hair of the inhabitants of the Pacific Islands. It is believed that this was the reason for the appearance of the name of the plant. Indeed, in translation, "hibiscus" means "a flower for a beautiful lady." Residents of India and China attribute to the Chinese rose unique properties. It can become a talisman of the hearth from evil, an assistant in achieving success, as well as a means in the fight against depressive states.

The plant has a smooth to the touch trunk, grayish bark and rather large leaves resembling a shamrock in shape. At home, indoor blooming hibiscus can grow up to three meters in height.

This flower is a popular decoration for wedding ceremonies in many countries, some varieties of this plant can be brewed as a tea for illnesses. Hibiscus flowers are used in the canning process - this gives the marinade a beautiful color.

There are various types of indoor hibiscus, but the most common type is a plant with large scarlet flowers.

Plant varieties for growing at home

The number of varieties of hibiscus has more than two hundred. This includes trees and shrubs, mainly from subtropical zones with varieties distributed throughout the world. In home cultivation, the most popular variety is called the Chinese rose. Evergreen shrub with rich green leaves can have both terry and simple flowers. At the same time, indoor terry hibiscus or other species can have a variety of colors of their inflorescences. It is worth noting that each flower lives only one day. This disadvantage is easily compensated by a large number of buds that open every day. Having such a plant, it is important to remember that indoor hibiscus transplantation is an important condition for proper growth and development. A Chinese rose that can live for decades needs selection suitable pot and significant room for growth.

Another type of hibiscus is Syrian. It is characterized by smaller flowers and less saturated color than China rose. The leaves of this variety are slightly drooping. The Syrian variety begins to delight the owner with flowers in the fourth year of existence. It is grown mainly as a garden plant.

A less common variety is the Sudanese rose. It did not take root as a houseplant. This variety is known as a healthy hibiscus tea, which is made from the Sudanese rose.

Hibiscus care at home

How to care for a flower? Precisely because indoor hibiscus care at home does not require special skills and experience in plant breeding, it is an excellent choice for beginners and those who do not have the opportunity to provide thorough and regular care. This is unpretentious plant able to withstand low temperatures and "put up" with insufficient lighting in the hall or living room, will suit specific office conditions, and also forgive improper watering. You can find out how to care for hibiscus in the open field.

Basic content requirements

Caring for this plant does not represent special work. Being thermophilic flower, for the full development of dwarf hibiscus requires compliance with the temperature regime. The plant feels most comfortable at an air temperature of 19 to 23 degrees Celsius. At the same time, the humidity of the air should be at least 60 percent. Knowing this, gardeners will not be interested in the problem of why the hibiscus dries, since this trouble can be avoided by taking care of the moisture indicator. Experts advise humidifying the air and spraying the plant regularly. Many owners of these green shrubs are wondering why indoor hibiscus does not bloom, because, it would seem, plant care is very simple. If the temperature is below or above the specified norm, the hibiscus will cease to please the owner with flowers.

The best place in the house for this plant is the southern windows. Hibiscus is not afraid of direct sunlight. A completely healthy and strong bush can grow if you put it in the southeast or southwest side apartments. However, when the hibiscus is in bloom, placing the pot in a north window may cause the rose to stop budding. Varieties with a brownish tint of inflorescences perfectly tolerate light partial shade.

Watering indoor hibiscus

Hibiscus should be watered in the morning so that by the evening excess moisture managed to evaporate. Watering can be very heavy, but excess water from the pan should always be poured out. AT winter time the flower does not need so much moisture, so the frequency of watering should be minimized. The same should be done with diseases and leaf fall.

After reading the chapter in any book about houseplants - indoor hibiscus: care and reproduction in the fall, you will notice that this specimen does not know how to store moisture. With a lack of water, the leaves fall. If the watering system is not adjusted in time, the plant may die. Many indoor plant lovers are interested in the problem - why do hibiscus leaves turn yellow, mistakenly believing that the flower needs more frequent watering. They begin to work too hard to provide the plant with moisture, not suspecting that its excess can also adversely affect the health of the plant. With prolonged waterlogging of the soil, fungal diseases will appear in it, which will eventually damage the root system.

Fertilizer and flower nutrition

Hibiscus need nutrition during their active growth period. In order for flowering to please with splendor, the plant can be fertilized with universal means, in which nitrogen and potassium must be present. Interested in the question - how to feed hibiscus, you should be careful using products that contain a large amount of phosphorus. It can poison the entire bush, reducing the number and quality of inflorescences. Magnesium will be helpful to keep the leaves from turning yellow.

The fertilization procedure should be done once every seven days. The best time for this - evening, after careful watering. Once the plant enters a period of stunted growth, is dormant, or post-transplant, fertilization should be discontinued.

Trimming hibiscus at home

Annual formative pruning of indoor hibiscus is an important condition for proper care. It is this factor that ensures abundant flowering. It has long been known that Chinese hibiscus and other species delight owners with flowers that can only appear on young shoots. Pruning in the spring is most preferable. The greatest effectiveness of this procedure can be achieved if the formation of hibiscus with pruning should be planned immediately after the flowering of the shoots. Removing the tips of the shoots will stimulate the growth of side branches, which will lead to a new appearance of flowers.

Experienced flower growers advise novice lovers who are interested in the question - how to properly cut indoor hibiscus, pinch the shoots of the plant before starting its active growth. It is also worth cutting branches that are parallel to the main trunk and shoots that have grown inside the crown.

To know how to cut indoor hibiscus and how to shape it, it is important to understand what result you would like to get: a lush bush or a plant in the form of a tree. This procedure will form the desired branching. Pruning done at the wrong time will cause the plant to fail to bloom.

For the procedure, scissors should be used. The flower can be trimmed according to personal preferences so that it looks beautiful among home interior. Do not forget about the removal of dry branches and stiff stems near the main branch.

Transplant to another pot

A young growing plant needs an annual transplant. With age, this specimen, regardless of the variety of hibiscus, requires transplantation only as needed. You can change the soil once every three years. Also, the flower needs to be transplanted if it root system overgrown, and the hibiscus pot becomes small.

For transplanting, you can either purchase soil or prepare a suitable composition yourself. It is believed that the best soil for hibiscus consists of garden and sod soil with the addition of a small amount of humus and drainage, which will serve as an excellent prevention from root rot. Also, the question of when to transplant hibiscus can be decided in different ways, depending on the goals of the grower. It is noticed that in a large pot the plant accelerates in growth, and in a cramped one it grows much more slowly, but it blooms more often and more abundantly.

Propagation with cuttings

In apartment conditions, you can use one of the easiest ways - propagation of hibiscus by cuttings, which has several options for their rooting. Cuttings allow you to save all the varietal characteristics that are inherent in the mother plant, as well as enjoy the flowering of the shrub in the first year after planting. To get a new plant using this method, several cuttings should be cut from an adult specimen in mid-February. Each of them must have at least two internodes. Otherwise, you won't be able to root them. Then the cuttings should be placed in the sand and covered with a film and a jar. At a temperature of 22-24 degrees, they stand for about two months.

The second option, how to cut hibiscus and root it, is that the cut cuttings are placed in water. After the first roots appear, the plant is planted in a pot with a suitable substrate.

Propagation of hibiscus seeds

There is another way how hibiscus reproduces - from seeds. This case is more troublesome than the previous version. After the flowering of the bud is completed, seeds appear in its place. They are collected and soaked for half a day. Then indoor hibiscus seeds should be washed with a light solution of potassium permanganate and wrapped in a piece of damp cloth. All this must be placed in a plastic bag and left in a warm place. In order for the seeds to begin to germinate, not only a suitable temperature is necessary, but also periodic wetting with a small amount of water and light ventilation. After the sprouts appear, the seeds are sown in the soil to become seedlings. The appearance of seedlings and three leaves on each seedling is a sign that they can be planted in pots. This method of propagation of this evergreen shrub gives flowering in the third year.

Hibiscus diseases and pests

Given that the hibiscus is a fairly strong and hardy species of indoor plants, minor violations of the rules in care will not affect the condition of the shrub.

However, if non-compliance with the conditions of care is allowed constantly, the rose will quickly die. Most hazards are: the presence of a draft, low humidity and too dry soil.

Aphids are a pest that can appear on young buds and branches. These insects reproduce rapidly. Therefore, if you do not treat the hibiscus with special chemicals, the plant will begin to die.

Spider mites are very small insects that are not always very easy to see. The reason for their appearance is dry air. As a prevention of the appearance of spider mites as an unpleasant disease of hibiscus room specialists It is advised to wash it in the shower. Having examined under the leaves in a thin web of insects, treatment should be started. If these hibiscus pests are already present, the flower can be washed with soapy water.

Rosa chinensis (hibiscus) is a evergreen shrub, whose leaves are oval, smooth, oblong, with serrated edges. The plant grows successfully both in greenhouse conditions and at home in pots.

In order for the flower to actively bloom and delight the owners with its presence, it needs to provide full and proper care. It consists in:

landing in the ground;
irrigation organization;
ensuring optimal light and temperature conditions;
pruning (the procedure allows you to control the height of the bush, makes it possible to develop side shoots)

For the normal growth and development of hibiscus in the soil in which it grows, mineral and organic top dressing should be applied in a timely manner.

soil for hibiscus

In order for the plant to grow well, it is necessary to ensure a full flow of oxygen to its roots. To this end, hibiscus is planted in the ground, which is a fertile mixture of sand, peat, turf, garden soil, rotten foliage. It is also useful to add charcoal or ash to it (the consumption of the latter will be 2 cups for every 10 kg of land). For indoor flower be sure to use drainage (they cover the bottom of the pot).

Landing and transplant

The Chinese rose loves lighted places, so it is planted in those areas where a sufficient amount of sunlight falls throughout the day. Initially, young leaves are shaded a little to allow them to adapt without getting burned, and then fully opened. Home plants are planted in pots with a height of 7 to 10 centimeters.

Hibiscus are rarely transplanted - once a year or for five to six years. Do this in the case when the roots do not have enough space. Move the rose to a new container a little larger than the previous one by transshipment (leave the earth lump intact). Most auspicious time for the implementation of the procedure - winter or summer. You can transplant in the spring - after the bud has faded. It is not recommended to carry out the manipulation in the fall: during this period, the plant is at rest.

Watering, lighting, temperature control

Chinese rose prefers moderately moist soil. Maintaining sufficient soil moisture is especially necessary in the spring and summer, when active flowering is observed. Do not allow an excess of moisture or excessive drying of the soil throughout the season, otherwise the flower may die.

Water used for irrigation should first be filtered or allowed to settle. Flower growers advise her to spray foliage several times a week. This will support comfortable humidity air.

In order for indoor hibiscus to bloom well, it must be kept on those windows where there is no lack of lighting and where the sun's rays penetrate well throughout the day.

The optimum temperature regime for roses is up to 22 ° C in summer and up to 15 in winter.

Proper feeding of Chinese roses

Periodically feed hibiscus in the same way as other plants. This allows you to maintain the desired level of mineral and organic trace elements necessary for normal growth and flowering of the crop, and prevent their deficiency.

The lack of nutrients in a plant is indicated by:

leaf deformation (thinning, drying), change in their color;
delay or complete cessation of growth;
shortening the flowering period;
reduction in flower size;
weakening of the root system and its ability to absorb useful components;
suspension of the formation of buds and side shoots.
susceptibility to frequent illnesses.

Fertilizers for hibiscus should be applied twice in the spring-summer period (from April to September) and only once - in the autumn-winter period (from October to March). Before fertilizing hibiscus, the soil under it must be well moistened and allowed to absorb moisture.

organic matter

Of the organic fertilizers, the following are popular with flower growers:

Manure. On its basis, a nutrient solution is prepared: one tablespoon of the product is diluted per liter of water. The main ingredient is used in dried form. This fertilizer is suitable for annual plants.
Mullein: the third part of the bucket is filled with water, insisted for three days, then diluted with ten liters of liquid.
Grass. The solution is prepared in a manner similar to the previous one.
Ash. Sprinkle dry matter on top of the earth. You can prepare a liquid composition for irrigation by diluting 300 g of the natural component in a bucket of water.
Bone flour. Contains a balanced amount of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. To fertilize 10 kg of land, 2 cups of dry matter are required.

Mineral mixtures

For the full growth of hibiscus at home, it needs minerals. The main ones are:

Nitrogen: affects plant growth, determines the intensity and degree of development of its root system.
Potassium: provides metabolism, participates in photosynthesis, in the formation and accumulation of organic matter in plant cells. Responsible for the formation of buds.
Phosphorus: activates the formation of the root system and the flow of all critical processes, provides resistance to stress and the ability to withstand temperature drops.

The following are used as the main mineral fertilizers for Chinese rose:

Urea. For dilution, 1 gram of the product per liter of liquid is required. Fertilizer is applied by leaf method.
Kalimagnesia is a mixture containing potassium and magnesium. Prevents falling leaves, their deformation, pathological discoloration.

In order for the Chinese rose to develop well and bloom quickly, you can purchase in the store and effectively use ready-made fertilizer complexes. Among those:

"Ideal";
"Kemira Lux" (or "Universal");
top dressing for roses in the granular form "Fertika";
"Athlete";
"Gilea";
"Master".
Fertomix.

Good nutrition allows you to extend the flowering period, increases the resistance of the flower to diseases and pest attacks (fungal infection, aphids, spider mites).

Home cooking supplies

You can make your own hibiscus fertilizer at home. Amateur flower growers know their secret of how to feed indoor hibiscus so that it blooms luxuriantly. For this purpose, it is recommended to use:

Sugar. It can be poured into the soil from above or you can prepare a solution: dissolve a teaspoon of raw materials in a glass of water and water the plant with liquid 2 times a month every fourteen days.
Glucose. It is required to dissolve 1 tablet in a liter of liquid.
Water in which meat was thawed or cereals were washed.
Coffee grounds (it is mixed with the ground).
Tea brew. The method of application is similar to the previous one. Such fertilizer should be applied in moderation so as not to provoke the appearance of midges and acidification of the soil.

within two weeks after planting the flower in a new soil;
while the plant is in a draft;
in the hot season in the middle of the day;
with a sharp rise in temperature.

Hibiscus is undemanding to environmental conditions, unpretentious care. It can successfully grow and bloom for a very long time if it is fertilized in the right way. A timely and properly fed plant will become a real decoration of the house and will delight the owners with its presence throughout the spring-summer season.

Hibiscus care. Hibiscus has become one of the most popular and showy plants, it is bred both in administrative institutions and in residential buildings and apartments. The hibiscus bush lives for twenty years or more and is easy to care for. Most popular in indoor breeding tree forms this plant. Where to place. Hibiscus are widely used for landscaping various types of interiors, both in single use, and in container compositions and in winter gardens.

But it cannot be especially recommended for rooms due to sprawling growth, although this does not bother the true lovers of this plant at all, besides, hibiscus lends itself well to shaping - its tree-like varieties can also be grown as a standard tree. AT room conditions the height of an erect stem can reach an average of 1.5 m. The maximum dimensions in culture are up to 4.5 m in height. Hibiscus can be placed outdoors or on window sills in spacious bright rooms, halls, winter gardens. This is an unpretentious, fairly shade-tolerant houseplant. But prefers sunny place position protected from direct sunlight. Hibiscus is placed as close to the light as possible. In summer, you can take it out to the balcony or to the veranda.

Important
During budding and flowering, the hibiscus is not rearranged, moved or rotated, as this will cause the buds or flowers to fall off. This plant can react to a change of place with a sharp change in lighting or humidity by falling foliage and flowers.

Temperature. The plant is unpretentious, but hibiscus does not tolerate sharp fluctuations in air temperature and drafts. Temperature regime plant content should be moderate: 20-25 °C. In winter, hibiscus prefers cooler conditions: 12-18 ° C, but not lower than 10 ° C.

Watering. During the active growing season (spring-summer), hibiscus is watered with plenty of soft warm water - regularly and plentifully, preventing the roots from drying out, achieving complete soaking of the earthen clod. The next watering is done only after the top layer of the earth has dried. It is recommended to loosen occasionally upper layer soil, about an hour after watering.Do not water hibiscus with cold water ! By the dormant period, watering is gradually reduced. In winter, the plant is watered sparingly. “Excess” water after watering is immediately removed from the pan. Waterlogging is fraught with rotting of the roots and death of the plant.

Moisturizing. Humidity hibiscus requires moderate and higher. The plant needs periodic spraying of leaves, especially in hot summer weather. In winter, when the air in the room is too dry, such spraying should be carried out regularly. Constant spraying also prevents aphids from settling on hibiscus leaves. Periodically, the hibiscus is given a "shower" that washes dust from the leaves and also protects the plant from pests.

Top dressing. Hibiscus - flower-“ glutton”, it should be fed little by little, but often, with complete mineral fertilizer, alternating it with organic - liquid mullein (1 part infusion per 10 parts water). To ensure abundant flowering require top dressing with phosphorus salts. But you should not use excessive phosphates. An overdose threatens to inhibit growth. If you overdo it with nitrate fertilizers, then foliage grows to the detriment of flowering. In early spring, it is useful to use potassium-phosphorus mixtures. Hibiscus is fed with special complex fertilizers for flowering indoor plants, you can use "Rainbow", "Ideal", etc. Experiment to find out what your hibiscus likes best.

Hibiscus feeding is carried out from the beginning growing season- from April to August. How often to feed hibiscus? Recommendations on this matter are very different: once a week, once every 2 weeks, once every 2-3 weeks. You will have to decide this for yourself, empirically. Remember that top dressing is permissible only if the plants are clearly actively growing - that is, in spring and summer. In winter, top dressing is stopped, although some experts still recommend feeding the plant once a month with only half the dose of phosphorus and potassium. Naturally, all fertilizers can be given only after abundant watering with clean water.

pruning. Hibiscus needs pruning. Pruning hibiscus contributes to the appearance of a mass of young flowering shoots, accelerates the onset of flowering. Doing so better in spring before transplanting the plant. Cut off all elongated, lost leaves or dried shoots. Healthy shoots are shortened by half or 1/3 of the length.

Without pruning, large spreading branches grow, taking up a lot of space in the room. A transplanted and pruned plant soon produces strong shoots, which are cut again in July. With such care, flowers appear even in October and November, at a time when other indoor plants do not bloom, which is especially nice.

In the spring, before the start of active plant growth, it is also very useful to pinch all shoots, including young ones. Both pruning and pinching of shoots should be done according to a certain plan, trying to give a certain shape to the crown of the plant. At the same time, sick, defective shoots should not be spared. Be sure to remove the "tops", that is, shoots growing parallel to the main trunk and creating competition for it. Just as resolutely, extra branches should be removed, especially those growing inside the crown and unnecessarily thickening it.

crown formation. The appearance of hibiscus can be modeled to your liking. Tree-like hibiscus, formed as clearstem tree. To do this, you must constantly remove the side shoots until the flower reaches the desired height. Then you should cut off the top and let 5-6 side shoots develop, which will create the crown of the tree.

Reproduction. This plant reproduces different ways: and seeds, and layering, and grafting, and dividing bushes (herbaceous forms) ... But the most common propagation of hibiscus in indoor breeding is by rooting green stem cuttings or stem cuttings of annual semi-ripe, semi-lignified shoots. You can cut off the cuttings all year round, but it is more expedient to do this in spring and summer. A particularly good time is in the spring, before the start of active plant growth. At this time, the hibiscus is pruned. Cut cuttings 7.5-10 cm long (with 2-3 internodes) can be used for propagation: they are rooted in water or in the ground. Optimum temperature rooting: 20-21 °C. It is desirable to treat the cuttings with charcoal and phytohormones to stimulate root formation (see monstera reproduction). In principle, hibiscus is unpretentious, it easily takes root in the ground, and in peat, and in sand, and in expanded clay, but it takes root especially well in a wet mixture of peat and sand, covered with a mini-greenhouse - glass jar or transparent cropped plastic bottle. For better rooting of the cutting and to reduce the evaporation of moisture from the leaf surface, each leaf blade is cut in half. Rooted plants bloom within a year.

Pot selection. Large pots are preferred for hibiscus. In the right conditions, this flower can grow amazingly fast and, becoming a very large outdoor plant, can cause problems for its owners. This should be taken into account when choosing a pot and when transplanting hibiscus. It is also noted that in a cramped container, all plants slow down their growth, but bloom much more actively.

Lighting. Hibiscus is very unpretentious to habitat conditions. Plants bloom most abundantly and for a long time, located on windows well lit by the sun. The best place for hibiscus - on the east or west window. On the south window, shading will be needed during the hottest hours of the day. In a bright place, the first buds begin to appear at the hibiscus already in March, and successive flowers adorn the crown of leaves until late autumn. Even a little direct sunlight is allowed, but still the flower should be shaded from the summer midday sun.

Hibiscus is shade-tolerant, skillful lovers of indoor floriculture, subject to all other requirements, manage to achieve flowering on the northern windows, however, not so plentiful and long - with a lack of light, the plant develops worse and blooms little. In summer, it is useful to take hibiscus to the garden, balcony or terrace, gradually accustoming to the sun, but protecting from too hot, as well as from rain and wind.

Transfer. Hibiscus should be transplanted before flowering, in March-April, Young plants - annually, in a slightly larger pot; adults - once every 2-3 years, as needed. If the plant has reached a large size, it becomes difficult to transplant it, therefore, for hibiscus growing in large pots, it is recommended to simply replace only the top layer of the earth with a nutrient earthen mixture every year. on which flowers are produced. By pruning, as mentioned above, it is also possible to form a hibiscus crown in the form of a beautiful bush or a standard undersized tree. The cuttings obtained during pruning can be rooted. A month after transplantation, you need to make the first top dressing, and then produce them regularly during the summer.

ground mix. Hibiscus needs nutritious soil, does not tolerate a calcareous substrate. For growing hibiscus, it is possible to use such earthen mixtures:

* sod land, leaf land, humus, sand (4:2:4:1);

* sod and humus soil, peat (2:1:1) with the addition of bone meal and sand (1/4);

* soddy, leafy soil, humus, peat, sand (1:1:1:1:1);

* 2 parts of clay-turf and 1 part of humus earth and sand;

* 1 part sod, 1 part leaf, 1 part peat, 1 part sand.

* humus, turf, peat land, sand in proportion (1:2:1:1) with the addition of pieces charcoal;

* a mixture of two parts of fertile garden soil, one part of peat and one part of sand;

* soddy, leafy soil, humus and peat (3:1:2:1), with the addition of sand and bone meal;

* 2 parts of turf, 1 part of humus and 1 part of leafy soil and a little horn shavings.

Large tub specimens are given heavier soil. Hibiscus also grows well on clean peat.

Specific Requirements- it is desirable to add horn shavings to the substrate (15 g/kg of the mixture).

The earthen coma should not be allowed to dry out, especially in the heat. Hibiscus need good drainage. Mulching helps maintain the right level of moisture in the soil in summer.

rest period. Hibiscus has a dormant period (October-February), for which it is gradually prepared: stop feeding, reduce watering. Then the plant is transferred to a cool room with a temperature of 12-18 ° C. This temperature contributes to the formation of flower buds. In winter, you should not place the plant next to working heating devices. With high winter temperatures and lack of lighting, leaves may fall off. Watering is moderate.

Bloom. Hibiscus with its bright funnel-bell-shaped flowers of various shades, ranging from yellowish white and pale pink to bright fiery red and purple-purple, a bright spot that stands out in a dense crown of leaves, is very popular with flower growers for its abundant long flowering. Charming single flowers - simple, semi-double or double - can reach a diameter of 16 cm (hybrid forms - up to 27 cm!). An exotic look is given to hibiscus flowers by numerous filaments of golden stamens, fused into a long tube that extends far from the petals. Hibiscus is characterized by long flowering: from April to October. luxury flowers of this plant have only one drawback - a day after the appearance they fade. But they are being replaced by more and more. True, this happens only in capable hands.

Hibiscus are considered to be one of the hardiest indoor plants. Very often they can be seen living in seemingly completely unbearable conditions. They withstand both cold and drafts, and the darkness of various halls and lobbies. They also put up with errors when watering. But very infrequently there are specimens that demonstrate all the beauty of this species. This, of course, is the fault of their owners. In order for the hibiscus to fully bloom, it needs:

1. Provide a sufficiently bright place. It is especially important to comply with this condition in winter.

2. Regular application of nitrogen mineral fertilizers.

3. Annual formative pruning for abundant flowering.

The fact is that in hibiscus only young shoots bloom, which appear from dormant buds in the axils of the leaves. Removing the tips of the shoots creates conditions for the active growth of side shoots and their subsequent flowering.

With such care, flowers appear regularly, even late autumn- that is, in a time poor in flowers, when they are doubly pleasant to us.

Hibicus does not like to change their place of residence. You can move it (even from one room to another) only during the period when it does not bloom, otherwise, as mentioned above, the buds will fall off. By the way, by their number they judge the well-being of the plant. If the flowers open one after another, then the care is correct and additional nutrients are not required. But if even in the warm season the appearance of flowers - a rarity, then, most likely, the plant lacks moisture and fertilizers.

Possible problems and pests

Growing problems

Falling buds. The most likely cause is drying out of the soil. Other reasons may be nutrient deficiencies or over watering. A sudden change in temperature, a change in conditions of detention, overdrying of the substrate also lead to bud drop. Under adverse conditions and a sharp change in the conditions of detention, hibiscus can completely shed not only buds, but also yellowed leaves, taking on a depressingly "bare" appearance, but soon new leaves will appear on it.

Leaves are falling. Sometimes, due to the dry air of city apartments, hibiscus leaves turn yellow and fall off. This is usually observed in large plants, the leaves and inflorescences of which require additional spraying. Another most likely cause is drying out of the soil. Other causes may be drafts and waterlogging.

Leaves wrinkle. The reason for this may be too dry air when kept in a warm room in winter, with temperatures above 15 ° C. Spray the leaves frequently.

Root rot. This is a serious disease in which the leaves of the plant turn yellow and wither, then quickly darken and the plant dies. The reason is a fungal disease of the roots due to waterlogging of the soil. It is possible to save a plant only with early diagnosis of the disease, using methods surgical treatment root rot.

Treatment. It is possible if all or most of the roots are white and elastic. Remove the plant from the pot for 2-3 days. Trim off any browned roots and any stems or leaves that show signs of rot. Plant the plant back in the pot and water with the carbendazim solution. If there are few white and elastic roots, then the treatment may not give positive result, but most plants at this stage of the disease can be saved. Free the roots of the plant from the soil by holding it under running tap water. Lay the plant on the table and cut off any darkened soft roots with a sharp knife. Trim off any rotten stems and leaves, as well as the top of the stems to compensate for the loss of roots. Carefully transplant into a new pot and fresh soil. Irrigate with carbendazim solution. Place the pot in a bright place out of direct sunlight. Do not water until new growth appears, then water carefully, being careful not to overwater the soil. If there are no healthy roots, then the plant cannot be saved.

Hibiscus pests. whitefly. These small flying insects look a bit like miniature white moths swarming over a disturbed plant. The length of the whitefly is about 1 mm, the body is yellowish, two pairs of wings are covered with a white powdery wax coating. The whitefly is a relative of the scale insects. Its larvae are pale yellow with orange-red eyes, covered with short hairs. Females lay eggs in groups, often in the form of a ring of 10-20 on the inside of young leaves. The average fecundity of one female is 130 eggs, but it can reach up to 280 pieces. Insects keep in groups. Greenish larvae settle on the underside of the leaves, suck cell sap and leave sugary secretions. The whitefly sucks the juice from the leaves, cuttings, less often from the stems, as a result, the leaves become discolored, faint whitish or yellowish spots appear on them, the affected leaves turn yellow, curl and fall off. A soot fungus settles on the sugary secretions of the whitefly, as a result of which photosynthesis is disturbed and the plants are further weakened. Prevention and control measures. Warm dry air promotes the spread of this pest. Regularly inspect the plant. Getting rid of the whitefly is quite difficult. Sometimes it takes more than one week, as the insects partially fly away when touched or sprayed. Whiteflies are doubly dangerous precisely because they fly. Therefore, take measures to prevent other plants in the house that may not have been affected yet by spraying them with an insecticide.

Wash the eggs and whitefly larvae regularly from the leaves. Remove affected leaves. The number of adult insects can be reduced by hanging near the plants with sticky tape, usually used for flies. In addition, regularly spray plant leaves with systemic insecticides. You may need to try several drugs. Actellik, Fufanon, Intavir, Decis, Karbofos are usually used against whiteflies. Of the biological methods, microbiological preparations (bacterial, fungal) are used: verticillin. Pyrethroids such as cypermethrin, talstar, arrivo, fury are effective.

You can also use rider beetles, which will die after the destruction of the whitefly, because they will have nothing to eat.

It also helps to spray the underside of the leaves with a solution of green soap (10-15 g / l) 3-5 times with an interval of 6-7 days. Or an aqueous solution of nicotine sulfate (2-3 cm3 / l) or parathion (0.5-1 cm3 / l).

Aphid. Aphids - quite often affect hibiscus. Aphid colonies populate all parts of the plant, they damage the leaves from the underside, buds, tops of the shoots. The affected plant looks as if it has dandruff, the flowers are deformed. Damaged parts become discolored, the leaves curl, turn yellow and fall off. The plant is strongly oppressed and stops normal development. The buds do not open, the flowers become contaminated with sticky secretions. Aphids are especially dangerous in spring, affecting the tips of young shoots.

The main danger is the transmission of viral diseases by aphids and the weakening of the plant, which can become more vulnerable to fungal infections - a “honey” coating appears on the leaves, in which mold fungi then settle, and the coating becomes blackish.

Aphid is a sedentary insect with a size of 1 to 5 mm, an oblong-ovoid shape, with soft outer covers. The color of the body is not the same in different species of aphids - from yellow-green to black. There are about 30 types. Houseplants are amazed various types aphids, which can be not only green, but, depending on the species, have a different color. The most common greenhouse aphid is yellowish-green in color with long legs and antennae. Aphids multiply quite quickly, forming colonies that capture everything large area. In colonies of aphids, larvae, adult wingless and winged individuals (the so-called female settlers) are simultaneously found, providing resettlement - they often fly into open windows. In room conditions, aphids can harm all year round.

Most aphid species reproduce rapidly. The development of one generation in room conditions ends within 20 days. The fertility of one female is up to 100 larvae.

Control measures. Aphids are unpleasant, but in principle easily eradicated pests. First of all, these rather large pests must be mechanically removed from the affected parts, severely affected leaves or shoots are removed. Then wash the plants with soapy water to wash away most of the pests. After that, they are treated with an infusion of tobacco, wormwood or other poisonous plants. In addition, aphids are sensitive to most poisons that are used to protect plants from insects. It is best to use Intavir, Talstar, Arrivo, Fury, Cypermethrin, Karate, Fas, Derris, Fitoverm, Decis, Aktellik, Kinmiks, Sumi Alfa, etc. Karbofos (10% concentrate) is also very effective - 7.5 -10 g per 1 liter of water. Of the biological methods, microbiological preparations (bacterial, fungal) are used: mycoafidin.

Follow the rule: before you buy the drug, read the instructions. Processing is carried out either early in the morning, or postpone until the evening. Be sure to water the plant before dressing. It is also recommended to wash the plant. The treatment should be repeated 2-3 times with a break of 5-7 days.

Question answer

How to help hibiscus. There are buds on the plant, but they do not open, but simply fall off over time. The flower began to grow poorly, there are few leaves on it.

Hibiscus loves a bright, sunny and warm location, in summer it can be placed in the garden or on the balcony in the appropriate place (accustom to the sun gradually) until autumn, protecting it from scorching rays in very hot weather. Hibiscus needs good feeding: from spring to mid-August once a week, the rest of the year once a month. Spraying is necessary, especially when heating appliances are operating.

Hibiscus buds may fall off for the following reasons:

When changing location;

With a lack of light;

With insufficient feeding;

If the root ball is dry, do not allow the soil to dry out;

When watering with cold water;

With excessive watering. Pour out excess water from the tray.

Too long sparsely leafy shoots are pruned to stimulate branching.

Does hibiscus need special care? He stands on the windowsill along with all the flowers and has no care privileges. But lately the leaves have begun to turn yellow and wilt. What is it?

In the heat, hibiscus suffers from the hot sun - remove it from the windowsill to a bright place without direct sunlight, you can take it out to Fresh air to the balcony or garden. The hibiscus is shade-tolerant, loves spraying in the summer and periodic "showers" that wash dust off the leaves. Such a "shower" is very useful for those types of indoor flowers that love spraying: it washes dust from plants and gives them the opportunity to fully "breathe" (especially important on hot days), and is also good as a means of prevention and pest control. But it is advisable to close the soil in a pot during the "shower" with cellophane: plants are harmful to plants that have not been settled for at least a day from the tap, and pests washed off by the "shower" can get on the soil. Water the plants moderately after the "shower", the soil should be moist, but not wet, so that there is no stagnation of moisture in the pots. How often to arrange a "shower" for plants, temperature and other conditions will tell.

Hibiscus can be affected by pests, carefully examine the underside of the leaves and young shoots. Remove yellow leaves. If hibiscus is affected by spider mites, read about pest control measures.

In a donated hibiscus, after a couple of days, almost all the leaves turned yellow. What is happening to him? How to deal with it? How often should it be watered? Hibiscus reacts very painfully to a sharp change in conditions of detention (for example: it was sharply exposed from the shade to the sun; after the earthen coma dries out - excessive watering) by dropping buds, yellowing and loss of leaves. Provide Hibiscus optimal conditions content and carry out a series of sprayings of hibiscus with Epin's solution.

Hibiscus leaves first appear light green spots, which then turn white. In these places, the leaves seem to become thinner. At the same time, they continue to grow, but all summer the flower has never bloomed. What to do? How to help hibiscus?

Spots on hibiscus leaves may appear due to care errors (for example: a plant constantly growing in the shade is suddenly exposed to the sun - it receives a temperature shock and burns occur on the leaves; the plant was sprinkled with water on a sunny day, and the droplets worked on the leaves like small lenses ; for watering hibiscus was used too warm or cold water) or indicate the presence of an infection.

If errors in plant care are excluded, then light spots on hibiscus leaves may be a manifestation of a fungal infection - remove diseased leaves and treat the hibiscus with a milk solution. In addition, before each watering of the hibiscus, lightly dig a few peeled garlic cloves into the soil, and when the top layer dries out while loosening the soil, remove them and replace them with fresh ones. Shortly after treatment with a milk solution, arrange a "shower" for the hibiscus and spray the leaves with the Epin solution.

Why the Chinese rose (hibiscus) does not bloom. She bloomed once in her life and for 5 years now there has not been a single flower. The greenery on the plant is lush. Maybe she's missing something?

Hibiscus blooms profusely under the following conditions :

A bright sunny place (but without very hot sunlight - burns on the leaves are possible);

In summer, it is desirable to keep hibiscus outdoors;

Abundant watering in summer, moderate watering in winter; spraying and maintaining high humidity;

Coolness in winter (a temperature of 15 degrees contributes to the laying of flower buds);

Annual transplantation of hibiscus in the spring in nutrient soil(humus, turf, peat land, sand in a ratio of 1:2:1:1);

Spring pruning of hibiscus (shortly before or shortly after transplantation) to form new flowering shoots (shoots that are too long can be cut strongly, up to 2/3 of the length; medium and short shoots can be cut less, and the resulting cuttings rooted);

Weekly hibiscus fertilizer in spring and summer, once a month in autumn and winter (alternating mineral and organic fertilizers).

There are red hibiscus, the flowers are large, double, and pink hibiscus flowers are large, but not double. How to make pink hibiscus flowers terry too. Can you cross them?

How wonderful it would be if it was so easy to get a plant with the desired flower!

To breed a flower with given characteristics (among them a certain color and degree of doubleness of the flower), breeders spend many years of hard work and use special methods for this in their work (this is a whole science!). The degree of doubleness of the hibiscus flower is a feature of the variety that is not transmitted during seed propagation.

In this case, the easiest and fastest solution is to purchase a cutting of a double pink hibiscus or an already rooted plant.

What's up with the hibiscus? In October, the leaves began to turn yellow and fall off: first the largest and oldest, and now the young leaves and unopened buds. At the same time, the growth and appearance of young leaves continues. Upon closer examination of the leaves, darkish spots were found on the reverse side, and then in these places the leaves begin to turn yellow.

From a sharp change in temperature and drafts, from hypothermia, from excessive watering in autumn and winter, a fungal infection appears in hibiscus; for the same reasons, as well as from a lack of light, dryness of the root ball and a change in location, the hibiscus sheds buds and flower buds. With dry air in a room from radiators, pests appear on hibiscus leaves (aphids, felt, spider mite).

If pests on the hibiscus are not found and there were no errors in care, spray the hibiscus from a fungal infection with a suspension of foundationazole (2 g per liter of water) after removing defective leaves from the plant.

At the hibiscus, the leaves began to darken along the edges and fall off without drying out ... I carefully study the fallen plants, no pests were found, spraying with insecticides just in case did not help. Flowers did not dry out, did not flood, there is enough light, they do not stand in a draft. The hibiscus is already completely naked, even the tips of the branches have begun to turn black. What could be the problem?

Such a problem arises in the fall, when heating is turned on and a “killer set” of factors unfavorable for plants is formed: high air temperature combined with its low humidity and, by inertia, regular watering for summer, although now plants need much less soil moisture. As a result of the confluence of these unfavorable factors, brown spots appear on the leaves, rot on the roots, as a result, the leaves fall off.

Keep the plant cool in late autumn and winter with high humidity air and limited watering. Remove the diseased parts of the plants and spill the substrate with foundationazole (2 g per liter of water).

Until the plants recover, regularly spray the remaining aerial part with water with the addition of "Epin".

Despite its unearthly beauty, Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-chinensis) very easy to maintain. But, like any plant, it has features that must be considered when growing it.

Buying plants. Sufficiently strong and interesting varieties of "Dutch hibiscus" can be bought in our flower shops when the sales season starts in Holland, from the beginning of April to September. AT winter period insufficiently stable specimens arrive. "Florida" varieties can only be purchased from amateur flower growers.

Priming. Hibiscus needs moisture and breathable soil. Ready-made purchased peat-based soils are not quite suitable for successful cultivation hibiscus. It is good to add leaf humus to these substrates, it structures the soil, makes it moisture-intensive. The addition of sand, sod land will have a good effect. The soil should be slightly acidic, pH 6.8. At other pH values, hibiscus will not be able to absorb the necessary nutrients from the substrate.

Illumination, temperature. Hibiscus prefers south-facing windows; it can grow on window sills where many other flowers simply burn out. It can be a southeast, south, southwest window. It will not be possible to achieve stable long-term flowering on north-facing windows, since hibiscus needs to be in direct sun 4-6 hours a day for flowering. This plant came to us from the tropics, therefore, it does not have a dormant period due to nature and is ready to bloom as long as there is enough light and the temperature is right, even all year round. Comfortable temperature for Hibiscus Rosa-sinensis ranges from +24 to +30 degrees. At higher temperatures, buds may fall off. On especially hot days, you need to shade the hibiscus a little from the direct sun.

It is also necessary to protect the hibiscus roots from overheating, especially if it is planted in a dark plastic pot. The temperature at which hibiscus stops blooming is +15 degrees, at temperatures below +10 degrees the roots stop absorbing water, as a result, even with a wet clod of earth, hibiscus leaves droop. The critical temperature is +7 degrees.

Some varieties of Chinese hibiscus, especially those with brown hues, need a little less light.

Watering. During its active growing season, which lasts as long as there is light and heat, hibiscus require a lot of moisture and love abundant watering, especially on hot days. This plant is not adapted to store water in its parts, so the lack of moisture immediately causes a decrease in turgor, hibiscus can lose all the leaves. If the drying is prolonged, then the death of the plant occurs.

However, the overflow of the plant should not be allowed, with stagnant moisture, the roots of the hibiscus are affected by fungal diseases and rot, in addition, oxygen ceases to flow to the roots, which is very important for the plant. It is necessary to water abundantly, but do not allow the presence of water in the pan - hibiscus does not like "wet feet". It is recommended to water the hibiscus early in the morning so that the plant dries out during the day. On winter days, when there is little light and it becomes cool on the windowsill, the hibiscus falls into a forced sleep. The need for water drops, it is necessary to reduce watering so that the roots do not rot. If for some reason the hibiscus has lost all or a lot of leaves, then its transpiration is greatly reduced, watering also needs to be reduced, and the clod of earth should be kept slightly moist.

Top dressing. Hibiscus at the stage of intensive growth needs regular feeding with complex fertilizers. However, fertilizers flowering plants they don't suit him. It has been noted that G. sinensis needs much lower doses of phosphorus than other flowering plants, an excess of phosphorus adversely affects the quality of flowering, its profusion and causes poisoning of the plant. In this case, the potassium content should be high. Optimal formula: NPK=9-3-13; 10-4-12; 12-4-18 (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). Therefore, the standard fertilizer for flowering plants with the formula NPK=16-20-27 from POCON, NPK=15-21-25 from Agricola, NPK=3.8-7.6-7.5 from Etisso and others are not suitable for hibiscus . In terms of composition, it turned out to be closest to the optimal formula Universal fertilizer for potted plants firms POCON with NPK=7-3-7.

In addition to the main nutrients, hibiscus needs magnesium, it is the core of the chlorophyll molecule. With a lack of magnesium, chlorosis occurs, while the leaf turns yellow between the veins, which remain green, sometimes appear on the leaves. dark spots. Epsom salts can be used to compensate for magnesium deficiency, but it is better to purchase magnesium in a chelated form (Siliplant), you can use Greenwold fertilizer for conifers with N - 3%, K - 2%, MgO - 5%, this will also serve additional source N and K.

Top dressing should be carried out on non-hot days, early in the morning or in the evening after sunset, and only on a previously spilled clod of earth. You can feed once a week, but it is better to fertilize more often, but in proportionally reduced doses.

Hibiscus responds well to foliar feeding. For them, it is necessary to dilute the fertilizer 10 times the weekly dose for top dressing at the root and sprinkle the leaves in the morning or evening. With a decrease in the rate of vegetation, along with watering, the dose of fertilizers should also be reduced, with complete rest, top dressing should be completely canceled. You can not feed a recently transplanted plant.

Transfer. Young plants are transplanted once a year, older plants - once every few years. Before transplanting, you need to make sure that it is necessary. The clod of earth must be completely braided with roots. After transplanting, it is recommended to water from the pan for some time so that the young roots look for water and begin to germinate into the new substrate. As for plants from Holland, I recommend repotting them immediately after purchase, using the method of careful transshipment, without damaging the earth coma. It is better to take a slightly larger pot than is usually recommended. This need is due to the fact that Dutch hibiscus are strongly stimulated to bloom. This inhibits their normal development and growth, increases vulnerability to spider mites. It is necessary to dilute these stimulants a little, so the whole season for such hibiscus top dressing is not required.

Pest control. With proper care, hibiscus is not very susceptible to various diseases and pests. However, Chinese G. can be attacked by aphids, whiteflies, thrips, and spider mites. It is completely possible to cure a tick only by adjusting the conditions of detention, in some cases transplanting in time. To combat insects, hibiscus growers do not recommend the use of oil-based preparations, they are very poorly tolerated by hibiscus leaves. It is better to take water-soluble preparations, such as Aktara.

Pruning, shaping. Hibiscus over the summer grows strongly, while it blooms only on the tops of the shoots. To get a real rose bush» It is necessary to form a plant in time. Pruning can be done in the fall, after flowering has ended, and cut branches can be tried to root. Or in the spring, until mid-February, until the plant starts growing. Later pruning is not recommended, as the hibiscus blooms on shoots older than three months. Pruned in May, you can not wait for flowering at all in the summer.

To pruning, even cardinal, hibiscus is calm. From the remaining buds, side branches will start to grow, which will give lush bloom in the new season.

Reproduction. Vegetative propagation methods are used to preserve the variety. Cuttings are suitable for "Dutch" varieties. "Florida" varieties are considered more capricious and the grafting method is more often used for their reproduction. Seed propagation is used to breed new varieties.

Photo: Natalia Semenova, Rita Brilliantova

Chinese rose, or hibiscus, is an evergreen plant belonging to the Malvaceae family. Hibiscus has dark green leaves and large flowers, the color of which varies depending on the plant variety. This flower looks very impressive and is used for breeding in homes, institutions and offices.

Hibiscus: home care

Hibiscus propagation

Most often reproduce home plant cuttings. planting material cut in August from young twigs so that there are two or three internodes on the sprout. Plant the cutting in a loose peat substrate mixed with sand and cover with a glass jar or plastic bag. The roots of a young plant will appear in about a month. After that, plant the flower in a pot with a diameter of no more than 10 cm. Use the same soil that you interfere with when transplanting the plant.

To young plant formed in the form of a lush bush, pinch the top of it. Then will be created good conditions for the growth of side shoots. Repot the hibiscus in the spring.

Hibiscus transplant

The plant must be repotted every year until it reaches the age of five. Transplant an adult flower as needed into a pot bigger size. Transplant until mid-February, until the plant has gained strength for growth.

For transplantation you will need: - deciduous land; - sod land; - sand; - humus.

Mix in a bucket one part of sand with humus, add three parts of ground leaves and four parts of soddy land. Sprinkle expanded clay or clay shards at the bottom of the pot to ensure sufficient drainage. Chinese rose does not like stagnant water in the roots. They can rot.

Fill the pot with the resulting soil and plant the hibiscus. After transplanting, cut off the old branches by a third. This will push the flower to develop new shoots, at the ends of which buds will form. A large plant in a large pot can not be transplanted, but only removed the top layer of the earth to a depth of about five centimeters, replacing it with a fresh nutrient layer.

Do not prune the shoots in May if you cannot provide the flower with bright light in the autumn-winter period. Hibiscus blooms on sprouts that are older than three months, in summer you can not wait for the buds

After transplanting the hibiscus, water it only in the pan for a couple of weeks so that the young roots actively seek water and germinate into the new soil.

The plant loves brightly lit spaces, but not direct hot sunlight. Diffused light can be created using tulle or other translucent fabric or paper, such as tracing paper. Hibiscus is ready to bloom most of the year if there is enough light. Comfortable growth temperature +25°С. At temperatures above + 30 ° C, flower buds may begin to fall off. During especially hot sunny days, shade the hibiscus. Don't let the soil get too hot flower pot. At temperatures below + 15 ° C, the plant stops flowering.

In the summer, hibiscus can be taken out to the balcony, taking care that its leaves do not burn in the sun. If this is not possible, arrange airing at home, but avoid drafts.

Chinese rose requires abundant watering on hot sunny days or when steam heating is turned on. Use well-settled soft water for irrigation. With a lack of moisture, the turgor of the leaves decreases, they can fall off, and the plant can die. It is best to water the hibiscus early in the morning so that it can dry out during the day. If a lot of water remains in the pan, drain it so that the roots do not rot. When the air temperature drops, the sun's rays become less, reduce the moistening of the earthen coma.

Hibiscus leaves should be sprayed from a spray bottle with well-defended warm water throughout almost the entire year. Excluding the time when the air is already cold and damp at home, and steam heating has not yet been given.

Top dressing hibiscus

With intensive growth and the formation of buds, hibiscus needs to be fed. Be careful with standard flowering plants. Chinese rose does not like a large number of phosphorus. Use fertilizer specially designed for the flower. In spring and summer, nitrogen-containing compounds are well suited, they prolong flowering. Phosphorus supplements should be used in autumn and winter.