Cherry blossoms but no fruit. Why do cherries and cherries not bear fruit? Causes of infertility

Cherries have been cultivated since Ancient Greece, and in the Middle Ages in Germany there were whole cherry orchards. In Europe, this tree has been grown for 2000 years. Wild cherries grow in the Caucasus mountains. Greek colonists in the Crimea were also engaged in its cultivation. AT Kievan Rus they even wrote songs about cherries.

The sweet taste of cherries is loved even by birds. There is a legend that it was birds that brought it in ancient times.

Now in the world grow up to 4000 varieties of cherries. In many countries it is sold in stores all year round and is always fresh. The French make wine out of it.

Sweet cherries are very healthy, contain sugar that is easily digestible, minerals and various vitamins, a small amount of vitamin C and nicotinic acid. This berry has a wonderful taste, it is widely used in cooking. Its fruits strengthen blood vessels and are considered an excellent cure for anemia.

The cherry tree usually bears fruit annually. Various harmful insects it is less attacked than a cherry. However, there are periods when the cherry does not bear fruit. One of the reasons for this is the lack of flowering. Why the cherry does not bloom, let's try to figure it out now. Let's find out the most common causes of this phenomenon, and why the tree does not produce a crop.

One of the possible reasons for the absence of flowering buds in sweet cherries is poor root system tree or seedling. The reason for the underdevelopment of the root system of a fruit tree may be the wrong planting technology.

If the tree is too young, this causes the cherry tree to not bloom. There is a certain variety of sweet cherry that flowers and bears fruit after planting only after three years, and many other varieties produce a crop only after five years. You should not worry, just when buying a seedling, be sure to find out the variety and ask how quickly the tree will yield.

Another reason that the cherry does not bloom is that the gardener has chosen the wrong place for planting. What needs to be done to fix the error:

• tree is planted on south side dachas;
• the area where the cherry grows should be protected from wind and drafts;
• it cannot be planted near other trees, they will create a shadow, and the cherry loves the sun;
• the tree must be rooted in light, air-saturated soil;
• it cannot be planted close to groundwater, this will rot the roots, and as a result, the tree will not produce a crop.

Another one possible reason- the landing was carried out incorrectly. If the gardener has no experience, then it is likely that he will plant the tree incorrectly. To get a good harvest when planting, you must follow the instructions:

• make a hole for a cherry seedling 60 cm deep and 80 cm wide. Add a little humus and fertilizer to it;
• root neck should be at ground level. It cannot be buried very deep;
• around the seedling it is necessary to make a shaft and water the soil well where the cherry will grow.

Much or little moisture is also one of the reasons that the tree does not bloom and does not bear fruit. AT summer period the tree is watered three times, you need to loosen the ground a little, and in autumn period irrigation needs to be done.

The tree may still not be pollinated, which is also worth noting as a reason. Many varieties of sweet cherries need to be planted next to cherries, as they do not self-pollinate and must be near other trees to do so. When there is no cherry near the cherry, it will not bloom and bear fruit.

It happens that in spring the culture is shrouded in flowering, promising a bountiful harvest, but the ovaries do not appear on it, or it immediately discards the fruits. The reasons why cherries do not bear fruit should be sought in the characteristics of the variety or gardener's mistakes during care.

Reasons for the lack of flowering

Sometimes the tree does not even begin to bloom. The problem may arise as a result of several factors:

1. It's too early for the tree to bloom. This is justified by the fact that it becomes mature for fruiting after 5 or even 7 years after planting. It shows all its strength in 10-12 years. No need to rush things.
2. Insufficient lighting for the plant. Cherry loves light, so planting it in the shade is strictly prohibited. It should grow where the sun shines from morning to at least the afternoon. Give her the sun and she will bloom.
3. To make the crop bloom, fertilize the soil. This must be done in stages. In autumn, 70 g of potash fertilizer is required, and in the spring, add 200 g of phosphate fertilizers and 70 g of urea. At the time of flowering, it is desirable to water the plant with water with superphosphate diluted in it (in the proportion of 25 g of fertilizer per 10 liters of water). Repeat the procedure after 2 weeks.
4. It is useful to fertilize with calcium and potassium. Soil should not be allowed to oxidize. To do this, dilute 1 tablespoon of chalk in 10 liters of water. You can't overfeed. The culture may begin to "fatten", that is, all the energy will go into the leaves and new shoots, and not into the fruits. It is best to plant a tree in a light, nutrient soil. Then it will uniformly receive minerals, without suffering first from their lack, and then from an overabundance.
5. Highly moistened soil around the cherry should not be allowed. It is enough to water the tree 3 times per season. It loves when air enters its roots; timely loosening of the soil is necessary.
6. Good flowering will ensure the introduction organic fertilizers. You need to do this like this: at the beginning of the season, peas, mustard or others are planted around the bush. leguminous plants. In the summer they grow, and in the fall they need to be mowed and buried under a tree. This will protect the cherry from the cold and give a lot of trace elements.

Reasons for the lack of ovaries

In the case of stable and normal flowering, ovaries should appear. If they do not appear, then you are doing something wrong. Sweet cherries can be self-fertile, i.e. it refers to a variety of trees that cannot pollinate themselves.

Before buying, you should carefully ask the seller about the type of tree and the method of fertilization.

There are excellent varieties of self-fertile cherries. To pollinate them, you need to plant 2-3 self-fertile cherries next to them, which bloom at the same time as the self-fertile one. Remember: cherries can pollinate cherries, but not on the contrary.

The crown should not be too dense. Then the air and the sun will not flow, and this is necessary. It is important to prune dry and diseased branches every spring and heal the wounds received, then the fruiting will be higher.

The shape of the crown should resemble tiers, into which the sun's rays evenly penetrate.

There are other reasons why cherries do not bear fruit:

• if there are no others next to the self-fertile one, then during its flowering period you can bring flowering branch from another cherry pollinator - this is how you can get the first crop;
• cherry blossoms and bears fruit faster if planted correctly: it is best to plant on the south or southwest side garden plot, on which there are no drafts;
• when planting, it is impossible to dig the root of the tree too deep;
• culture does not tolerate cold: the kidneys can freeze slightly in early spring, and this will negatively affect future fruiting: you need to choose varieties that are more cold-resistant;

• a small number of fruits, their low taste can be in the case of planting a non-varietal, that is, wild tree: it should be grafted using a varietal species;
• every spring you need to treat the tree from diseases, pests, you need to whiten its trunk: in this case, the cherry will be more resistant to diseases than the cherry.

Conclusion

Needed for cherries proper care, consisting in regular watering, fertilizer. It is not enough just to plant a tree and forget about it. Cherry will bear fruit the way you look after it. Carefully study the reasons, correct your shortcomings in caring for this wonderful tree, and your cherry will dress next spring in white dresses, and in summer - in red.

Biological features and reproduction of cherries

Sweet cherry conquers gardeners with exceptional taste. The fruits contain up to 15-18% sugars, malic, tartaric, salicylic, citric and lactic acids, tannins, pectin, ash (compounds useful for humans). Fiber improves digestion and therefore promotes health. After all, despite the apparent juiciness, the fruits contain from 15 to 27% of dry matter.

Frozen fruits and compotes from light-colored cherries of Napoleon, Drogana, Franz Joseph, Denissena yellow, Cassini early varieties are in great demand.

Cherries give little waste due to the bitter kernels. Only a small number of cultivars have a sweet core; inside the seeds contains a small amount of oil (from 5 to 6% of the total weight of the fruit).

The average weight of a berry ranges from 2–10 g.

Dark-colored varieties are successfully frozen, the Black Eagle, Napoleon black, Krasnodar early, French black and Gedelfingenskaya varieties retain their taste qualities especially well.

Dry fruits less often. For this purpose, it is better to choose the following varieties: Drogana yellow, Franz Joseph, French black, Denissena yellow.

Excellent jam is obtained from the varieties Gaucher, Luther black, Napoleon pink and black, Abdurakhman Kara, Drogana yellow, Black Eagle and Golden. But this jam has no acidity and flavor.

lovers alcoholic beverages use ripe fruits for making wines, but cherry wines are inferior in quality to cherry and plum wines.

Unfortunately, sweet cherries do not tolerate long-distance transportation.

Only certain varieties from Moldova are transportable enough: Kostyushenskaya beauty, Trushenskaya, Moldavian black, as well as Franz Joseph, universal and common in other regions. At room temperature it is very difficult to keep the presentation of the fruit for more than 2-3 days after harvesting in the garden. But in cold rooms Cherries stay fresh and marketable for up to 20 days if kept at a constant temperature between 0 and 1°C. Fruits are stored even longer in containers with specially selected gas composition and filters.

It is convenient to clean them in one go, as the fruits ripen at the same time. Harvesting takes place during the period of minimum intensity of agricultural work. Cherry is a wonderful rootstock. Tall seedlings are planted in garden protection strips, and wood is used for various artistic crafts; pink and red wood varieties are especially highly valued.

Gardeners love cherries also for the fact that she herself fights diseases and pests, suffering less from them compared to other stone and seed crops.

Cherry belongs to the Rosaceae family, the Latin name of the genus is Cerasus. It requires cross-pollination for normal fruit set. It lives in the wild in those forest communities where there is enough light. Heat and moisture requirements are moderate, as the root system is able to extract water from great depths.

Cherry grows in the form of a powerful tree, reaching a height of 20 m. The bark is brown, the side branches form a semi-spreading crown.

Frost resistance is low; in severe frosts, not only the above-ground system suffers, but also the roots.

With good care, on calcareous soils with a high percentage of humus, trees can live up to 100 years.

amazingly beautiful cherry blossoms in white petals boiling.

Cherry cultivation

It is no coincidence that high-standard forms are introduced into the green design of many European and South American countries, increasingly displacing infertile ones. decorative types other tree crops. Cherries are easy to propagate vegetatively; in summer it is grafted with sleeping eyes, in spring and winter - with a cutting (copulation is simple, copulation is improved with a tongue, in a side cut, split and butt).

Various methods of grafting with a cutting: 1 - grafting in the butt (a - with a tongue; b - with one ledge; c - with two ledges); 2 - improved copulation; 3 - split grafting; 4 - grafting for the bark

Many varieties almost do not form offspring, but Romanka, Moldavian black, Trushenskaya give a lot of root shoots, which are easily separated from mother plants, grown and planted on permanent place in previously limed soil.

For garden protection strips, the propagation method is also used by sowing seeds, but this method is unacceptable for obtaining fruit-bearing trees, because seedlings produce too variegated offspring, some seedlings deviate into semi-wild forms that are not valuable as fruit-bearing plantations (small, tasteless fruits with low commercial quality of the pulp).

Budding knives

Picking: a - inserting a peg; b - finished hole; c - insertion of a seedling and a peg; g - planting a seedling

Fruits outside the formation of sweet cherries are able to live up to 2 years, overgrown fruit branches are productive even at the age of 10. Fruiting concentrates on bouquet twigs: these are shortened type formations, at the ends of which fruit buds are collected and a growth bud is formed.

After fruiting, the fruit buds die, an shoot with 5 internodes and 6 buds is formed from the growth bud.

Unlike other species, a small number of skeletal branches are formed on sweet cherry trees, the number of orders is also limited.

Trees begin to bear fruit in the 5-7th year after planting in the garden. According to the time of entry into fruiting, 3 groups of varieties are distinguished. Early fruiting (on the 5th year): April, Aterman Kara, White from Bordeaux, White Winkler, Gaucher, Pink Drogana, Black Dibera, Krasa Kuban, Early Krasnodar, Kozlovskaya Michurina, Zhabule, White Napoleon, Princess, Ramon Oliva , Elton and Black Eagle.

Fruiting in the 6th year: Early Werder, Bigarro Grolla, Gin Tupi, Red Gubena, Yellow Denissena, Golden, Yellow Drogana, Rose Napoleon, Dense Meat, Franz Joseph, Bigarro, Esperna.

Late fruiting (in the 7th year): Buttner red, Cassini red, Lucia yellow, French black. The time of entry into fruiting depends on the rootstocks and the zone of cultivation of sweet cherries.

So, for example, in Tajikistan, some varieties begin to bear fruit already at the age of 4.

In Belarus, the variety Loshchitskaya gold is grown, which begins to bear fruit even at the age of 3, and Pobeda, Narodnaya, Likernaya, Krasavitsa and Liberation produce a crop in the 4th year.

Most varieties are gaining strength by the age of 10 and yields reach 30–50 kg per tree.

Cherries are not in a hurry to bloom in spring, but they are not late either, adhering to the rule of the golden mean. Trees bloom later than some stone fruits: apricot, cherry plum and peach. As a rule, flowering begins almost simultaneously with the pear or a little later. In some years, the cherry blossoms simultaneously with the plum. After the cherry, cherry, quince and apple trees begin to bloom.

Involuntarily, gardeners have a question about where ripe cherries come from in the markets in late April and early May. We can safely say - not from Russia; in the spring in the open field, berries and fruits of non-hardy crops cannot be obtained.

There are many warm countries south of Russia, from where these wonderful fruits are brought, which are always in high demand in large cities.

The duration of flowering is determined by many factors, including the location of the crop, varietal features, climate, etc.

Flowers open when average daily temperature will be set at 10–15 °C. Phenophase flowering lasts an average of 3 weeks.

If there is no pollinator next to the trees of the same variety, you can not wait for the harvest.

Most traditional sweet cherries are self-infertile. But absolute self-fertility is not observed, moreover, varieties such as Jaboulet, French Black, Early Cassini and Creme Bigarro set up to 14% of fruits during self-pollination.

The replanting of pollinators is necessary to increase the yield, while for each variety, scientists have selected the best pollinators in accordance with the timing of flowering and the biocompatibility of pollen. There are detailed tables that indicate pollinators I (provide the formation of up to 20% of ovaries) and II (the number of ovaries varies between 10–20%) of groups.

The hotter the spring, the shorter the flowering period: dry air also shortens the lifespan of cherry blossoms.

The aboveground sweet cherry system can vegetate for more than 8 months if soil and climatic conditions allow. Therefore, it is very important to know and, as far as possible, satisfy its requirements for growth conditions and the main factors of life. It is especially difficult to implement this in the conditions of the Non-Black Earth Region and the north-west of Russia.

Sweet cherry is very demanding on the light regime. It is no coincidence that in the forests it is not next to vigorous trees: it grows well only where it can suppress other plants and occupy the upper tier, which allows it to absorb sufficient sunlight.

Individual cherry trees are also found under the forest canopy, but they wither and dry quickly without getting the right amount sun rays. Shading in gardens with other powerful fruit trees leads, first of all, to stretching the crown up, fruiting switches to the tops of the branches, the fruits become smaller and lose their taste.

Cherry, as a crop, was formed in the wild under conditions of high moisture supply. The most demanding crop for moisture is quince; followed by apple, plum, pear, walnut, sweet cherry, cherry, peach, apricot, almond.

As you can see, sweet cherries are moderately demanding on moisture compared to other crops. She does not like excessive soil moisture. However, its drying for a long time can adversely affect the flow of moisture into the roots.

If groundwater comes close to the soil surface, and the root system is not deep, the cherry becomes sick, gum disease appears. The sweet cherry feels even worse on heavy soils with a waterproof gley horizon. The roots rot in such conditions and the tree dies completely and very quickly.

Dry air is contraindicated for cherry

High relative humidity, in turn, is also harmful: fruits crack, rot appears, fungal diseases of fruits spread.

The exactingness of the sweet cherry to the water regime is significantly influenced by the stock. Sweet cherries grafted onto the stock of Antipka are able to more easily tolerate a lack of water in the soil than on a stock of wild cherries, but it reacts more painfully to waterlogging of the soil.

Moderately moist soil, with a good structure that allows air to penetrate into the ground, suits cherry trees best - the soil should not be heavy in mechanical composition. The best are light, well-warmed soils, where horizontal roots can occupy a level of 20-100 cm from the soil surface: this best option, since vertical roots can penetrate the ground to a depth of more than 2 m.

Even the winter hardiness of cherries depends on the nature of the soil. Especially often frosts injure trees on heavy clay soils and medium loams: the crop dies, wood and fruit buds are damaged.

Sweet cherry does not tolerate soils with fractions of gravel, which poorly pass water. It is planted in southern conditions on soils formed during the formation of river floodplains and unflooded river valleys.

Cherries are classified as heat-loving crops.

In terms of winter hardiness, it is inferior to apple, pear, cherry, plum. Intense heat is also undesirable; zones with a mild warm climate are best. Frosts primarily damage fruit buds, more resistant wood is able to withstand frosts below -30 ° C. Fruit formations are already damaged at -24 °C. The winter hardiness of sweet cherries is determined by a whole range of factors: the readiness of trees for winter, the characteristics of fertilization, the location of the garden, slopes and their steepness.

Cherry is especially vulnerable during periods of a sharp transition from warm autumn days to severe cold with severe frosts when there is little or no snow in the zone of the root system. November days without snow especially often cause damage to trees in gardens.

Long thaws in January-February can also severely injure cherry trees in old orchards, where fruit buds are preparing to exit dormancy.

Varieties of sweet cherry according to the nature of winter hardiness are divided into 3 groups.

The first group includes the most winter-hardy varieties: Belaya from Bordeaux, Gaucher, Bigarro Grohl, Dibera black, Denissena yellow, Kozlovskaya Michurina, Krasnodar early, Kuban black, Napoleon white, Nadezhnaya, Ramon Oliva and Black Eagle.

The second group includes medium-hardy varieties: Aterman Kara, Byutner red, Werder early, Winkler white, Gubena red, Drogana yellow, Dense meat, French black, Franz Joseph, Bigarro Esperena.

The low-hardy ones include April, Gin Tupi, Drogana pink, Cassini early, Napoleon pink, Princess, Elton.

Cherries also suffer from spring frosts if the air temperature drops to -2 ° C.

It has been proven that the shortening of cherry shoots during crown pruning contributes to the increase in winter hardiness of fruit buds in the climatic conditions of southern Russia. At the same time, leaf blades become larger, plastic substances accumulate more actively.

During flowering, buds with retractable white petal edges die; frosts are even more dangerous for ovaries and open flowers: they are damaged by frosts already at a temperature of -1 ... -2 ° C.

Frost damage is still less common than frost damage.

Varieties react differently to frost, the degree of damage does not always depend on the flowering period; biological features varieties are far from the last factor in this case.

In our region, a common cherry is considered a fairly common tree, the fruits of which we love to eat fresh, use as a filling for dumplings and cakes, and preserve for the winter. In addition to sweet and sour berries, cherries are valued for their relative unpretentiousness. Despite this, sometimes gardeners complain that the cherry blossoms profusely, but, unfortunately, does not bear fruit. Of course, such a fact cannot but be frustrating, but we will try to figure out why this happens and what to do if the cherry does not bear fruit well.

Why is the cherry not fruiting?

To understand how to make a tree produce a crop, you need to figure out why this does not happen. In general, if we talk about the year the cherry bears fruit after planting, then most often the first berries should appear on the branches for 3-4 years. If this does not happen from year to year, provided that flowering does occur in the spring, measures must be taken. So, the reasons why the cherry does not bear fruit may be:

• insufficient pollination due to the absence of other varieties of cherries or pollinating insects nearby;
• freezing of buds or already opened flowers;
• insufficient care (watering, top dressing, unsuitable soil), because of which the tree is oppressed and unable to produce a crop.

Cherry blossoms, but does not bear fruit - what to do?

To solve such actual problem several solutions are offered. Most often, cherries do not bloom due to the fact that fruit buds can freeze in autumn. Therefore, at this time of the year, it is recommended not to fertilize with nitrogen fertilizers and not to irrigate at the time when the first autumn frosts occur.

How many times in a lifetime does a cherry bear fruit

In the spring, during frosts, flowering can be delayed by covering the near-stem circle of cherries with snow or mulch. If flowering has already begun, you can save a potential crop if you cover the entire crown with a cloth or non-woven material.

When thinking about how to make cherries bear fruit, be sure to pay attention to the sufficiency of pollination of your tree. Unfortunately, not all varieties are self-pollinating. Therefore, in the absence of a crop for 4-5 years, it is recommended to plant a seedling of a different variety near the cherry. It also happens that pollination of buds does not occur due to the fact that pollen is not carried by pollinating insects (wasps, bees, bumblebees, etc.). This happens due to adverse weather or the use of insecticides against cherry pests. To help buds develop ovaries without pollinators, spraying a product such as Ovary, Pollen, or Bud can help. Well, you can attract insects to the tree with the help of sweet syrup. It is prepared from a liter of water and a tablespoon of sugar. Such sweetened water should be sprayed over the crown of the cherry.

Sometimes, in order to make the cherry bear fruit, it is enough to follow the rules for the proper care of this garden crop. From the very beginning it is important to proper fit seedling. So, for example, a tree should be planted on sunny areas with loose soil with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction.

If necessary, the land will have to be limed. It is also important that the groundwater is located at least one and a half meters underground. When planting, the root neck of the cherry does not need to be excessively deepened - it is placed at the level of the soil surface. In the future, the tree will need at least three waterings (at the end of spring, in June, in July). As for top dressing, it is produced only in the third or fourth year of seedling growth, using organic or mineral fertilizers. Sometimes the lack of a harvest is explained by the excessive volume and thickening of the crown, which is why the “strength” of the cherry does not remain for fruiting. Therefore, in the spring it is recommended to prune the tree.

A.MIKHEEV, candidate of agricultural sciences
Cherry in the middle lane

Cherry in our gardens suffers greatly from coccomycosis and moniliosis. Moniliosis is especially dangerous. The trees affected by it look burnt, the branches with leaves dry out and die, fruiting becomes weak. Gardeners are desperate and ready to resort to extremes - uproot all cherries and replace them with cherries. Indeed, unlike the southern ones, new varieties of sweet cherries for central Russia are practically not affected by moniliosis.

However, do not make hasty decisions. Cherries still cannot completely replace cherries. But planted together, they complement each other well.

Long-term experiments by N.G. Morozova and the author of the article, carried out in the south of the Moscow region, at the All-Russian Selection and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery (VSTISP), showed that sweet cherries can produce high yields. Moreover, compared with cherries, it is even more fruitful. AT favorable years the best varieties of cherries give 10-12 kg of fruit per tree, and sweet cherries - 25-30 kg. For 15 years, cherry trees were harvested 12 times. There was no fruiting for only three years: once due to frost during flowering and twice as a result of freezing of flower buds in the winter-spring period. In 2011 various varieties cherries at the age of 15-17 years gave 15-20 kg of fruit per tree.

Sweet cherries, unlike apple trees, can bear fruit annually. This is its biological feature.

So, what needs to be taken into account and done so that the sweet cherry in the garden plot grows successfully and bears fruit?

First of all, you need to choose the right varieties, plant on the site only those that have been tested and approved for cultivation in this region. In the Central region, the following varieties are allowed for reproduction and cultivation: Fatezh, Chermashnaya, Iput, Revna, Tyutchevka, Rechitsa, Raditsa, Bryansk pink, Teremoshka, etc. In the Moscow region, the sweet cherry of these varieties successfully grows and bears fruit to the south, southwest and east of the capital. To the north of Moscow (in the areas of Dmitrov and Sergiev Posad), it is risky to grow cherries: here it can often freeze slightly and bear fruit irregularly. Ignoring this circumstance has more than once led amateur gardeners to disappointment in sweet cherries.

Observations have shown that with a gradual decrease in temperature air, the cherry crown can withstand winter frosts up to 300. Thaws are more dangerous for it in the winter-spring period, followed by a drop in temperature to minus 250. This causes freezing of flower buds and leads to a decrease, and sometimes a complete absence of yield.

According to N.G. Morozova (VSTISP, Moscow), of the studied sweet cherry varieties, the Fatezh variety turned out to be the most winter-hardy. Varieties Chermashnaya, Sinyavskaya and others were inferior to him on this basis.

Gardeners also need to take into account the fact that varieties of sweet cherries bred for the middle lane- self-fertile, so you need to have at least two trees of different varieties. For mutual cross-pollination, they must be early and medium or medium and late flowering. For example, the mid-flowering Fatezh cultivar can be a good pollinator for cultivars early term flowering - Chermashnaya, Iput, Ovstuzhenka, Sinyavskaya. At the same time, varieties of medium flowering period Fatezh, Rechitsa, Teremoshka are good pollinators for late varieties of Revna, Bryanskaya pink, Tyutchevka, Odrinka. The combination of varieties of early and late flowering periods is not suitable for mutual cross-pollination: these periods may not coincide. For example, according to M.V. Kanshina (All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine, Bryansk), the variety Bryanskaya pink (early) turned out to be a poor pollinator for varieties with a later flowering period - Revna, Pamyat Astakhov, Lyubimets Astakhov, Raditsa.

For reliable cross-pollination, normal growth and fruiting trees It is advisable to plant sweet cherries at a distance of 3-4 m from each other. If there is room for only one tree on the site, then two or three varieties should be grafted on it for mutual pollination.

Often failures in the cultivation of cherries are associated with close(less than 1.5 m) occurrence of groundwater or waterlogging of the soil due to stagnation of flood or rainwater. Waterlogging has a depressing effect on cherries. With an excess of moisture, the roots suffocate, the annual growth of shoots (8-10 cm) is weakened, the trees are oppressed and gradually fall out. To get rid of excess snow or rain moisture, you need to dig ditches 60-80 cm deep around the garden plot.

The strength of growth, the regularity of fruiting and the longevity of trees largely depend on a properly selected rootstock. When buying seedlings, take an interest not only in the variety, but also in the type of rootstock. The use of cherries as a rootstock for sweet cherries is undesirable. If this is neglected, then by the age of 5-7 years a swelling will form at the place of vaccination, indicating a partial incompatibility of the scion with the stock. Such trees are short-lived. Signs of incompatibility do not appear when zoned rootstocks are used.

In order for cherries to grow well and bear fruit, they need to be carefully looked after.: regularly prune in the spring, fertilize, in the heat (especially on light sandy soils) to water. Young cherry trees tend to produce strong (80-120 cm) annual growths. Them top part(30-40 cm) often does not ripen, freezes in winter, and in the spring it has to be removed. It is more rational to do otherwise: in the summer, pinch the tops of the shoots when they reach 60-80 cm. This can cause shoots to grow back in the second half of summer. Usually a rare crown will become thicker. If the summer is dry and hot, the summer shoots have time to ripen well, become woody and overwinter without noticeable frost damage.

Considering that sweet cherry loves slightly acidic soils, and soddy-podzolic acidic soils predominate in the Moscow region, it is desirable to carry out liming once every 3-4 years. On light soils, 300-400 g of lime is applied, on heavy soils - 600-800 g per 1 sq.m. In autumn or early spring, lime is evenly scattered under the canopy of trees and the earth is dug up to a depth of about 20 cm. The application of lime contributes to better absorption of nutrients by plants from fertilizers embedded in the soil. Lime is also necessary for the formation of seeds when the fruit ripens. print version
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Why cherries do not bear fruit well

Cherries do not bear fruit. What could be the reason? - answers from 7dach.ru experts

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Why don't cherries bear fruit?

Cherry gives a good harvest if the right care is taken. Fedor asks us: “Why does the cherry not bear fruit?”

This phenomenon can be explained by several factors, including the characteristics of the pollination of this stone fruit crop and the conditions for its cultivation.

Pollination Rules

• Beginner gardeners should know that they will receive their first harvest from sweet cherries five to seven years after they are planted. In full force, the tree bears fruit after 10-12 years.
• Most varieties of this fruit crop are self-fertile, that is, they need close proximity to pollinating plants. To achieve maximum cross-pollination, plant at least three varieties of sweet cherries in the garden, the flowering of which will coincide in terms of timing.

To achieve maximum cross-pollination, plant at least three varieties of sweet cherries in the garden, the flowering of which will coincide in terms of timing.

• You can intersperse cherries with cherries on the plot, having learned the axiom: cherries always pollinate cherries, cherries never pollinate cherries.

  Cherry "Large-fruited"

  True, overpollination cherry trees is much more successful than that of cherries. Therefore, cherries bear fruit more intensively.

• "Narodnaya Syubarova" - this is the name of the self-fertile variety of sweet cherries. Experienced summer residents are well aware of the partially self-fertile varieties - "Ovstuzhenka" and "Iput". But self-fertile and partially self-fertile crops only benefit from cross-pollination, bringing more fruits excellent taste.

By the way, it is "Iput" and the "Chermashnaya" variety that are considered universal pollinators for all sweet cherries in central Russia.

"Narodnaya Syubarova" - this is the name of the self-fertile variety of sweet cherries

Why is it not fruitful

Bad weather during flowering trees also does not contribute to high yields. Insect pollinators are afraid of dampness and coolness, and pollen loses its "child-bearing" properties in intense heat.

The cherry tree does not bear fruit if you do not fertilize the ground in time. Proper feeding looks like that:

• in autumn, 70 g of potash and 200 g of phosphate fertilizers are applied;
• in spring - urea (70 g);
• as soon as the cherry blossoms, it is watered with water (10 l) with superphosphate (25 g), potassium chloride (15 g) and urea (15 g);
• two weeks later, the tree is "nourished" with this solution again.

You can also increase the yield of cherry plantings by “healing” wounds, whitewashing trunks and methodically destroying garden pests

Cherries grow well on fertile lands of neutral acidity, but do not like waterlogged soil and lack of air for roots.

An excessively dense crown is another enemy of productivity: sweet cherries need sunlight. It is necessary to get rid of the affected, dried branches and those that grow inside the crown.

You can also increase the yield of cherry plantings by “healing” wounds, whitewashing trunks and methodically destroying garden pests.

It must be remembered that the sweet cherry is not a particularly winter-hardy crop and often does not bear fruit due to freezing of the buds.

After reading the relevant article on our resource, you can find out how apricots and cherries are pruned.

"Slava Zhukov" - frost-resistant variety cherries

AT last years breeders have bred several cherry varieties that give delicious berries and with increased resistance to frost.

• The sweetest, mid-late ripening - "Veda", "Revna", "Sinyavskaya", "Rossoshskaya gold".
• A little sour, but also very juicy - " pink pearl”, “Leningrad Black”, “Bryansk Pink”, “Compact Veniaminova”, “Venus”, “Fatezh”, “Diana”.
• The most frost-resistant and no less tasty are Slava Zhukova and Yulia.

Top dressing cherries (video)

And a little advice for those who did not have time to plant cross-pollinators for their cherries on the site. Try to find a blooming pollinator branch and place it in a bucket of water next to a blooming cherry tree. Perhaps soon you will be pleased with the first cherry berries.

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Cherry does not bear fruit, causes, solution to the problem, video

Cherry is a tree that can bear fruit for a hundred years. But in order for the sweet cherry to give large yields, it is necessary to properly care for it.

Choice of cherry varieties

When laying a garden, it is important to choose zoned cherry varieties. In cold climates, early-ripening varieties will do better. Cherry flower buds are more sensitive to cold than leafy ones. During spring frosts, the branches of the tree may not be affected, but the flower buds will freeze. Therefore, it is better to choose varieties with increased cold resistance.

Correct fit

Often cherries do not bear fruit due to improper planting. The root neck of a fruit tree should not be buried in the ground. It must be kept at ground level, and the graft should be raised 10 cm above ground level. If the root collar is too deep into the soil, then the development of the tree is delayed. Cherries will come into fruiting later and the berries will be smaller.

The place for planting cherries should be on the south or southwest side of the site. For most of the daylight hours, direct sunlight should fall on the cherry.

The fruiting period of the cherry

Sweet cherries begin to bear fruit 4 years after planting. The tree bears fruit every year. In full force, the sweet cherry begins to bear fruit only after reaching 10-12 years, depending on the variety. Yellow cherries come into fruition earlier than red or pink varieties. The tree will start fruiting earlier if the seedling was grown in a container. You can speed up the entry of sweet cherries into fruiting if you provide good nutrition to the tree and apply mineral fertilizers to the soil every season.

Fertilizer and watering

Cherry does not like stagnant water. This is a drought-resistant crop, so it is enough to water it only three times per season. Under the sweet cherry of 4 years of age, 10 liters of water are poured for one watering. The first time watered during blooming flower buds, the second - after flowering, the third - after harvesting.

In early spring, when melting snow lies, the tree is fed with nitroammophos to increase the ovary. Cherry is especially hard to tolerate a lack of potassium, therefore, in early May, before flowering, potassium and magnesium-containing fertilizers are applied to the soil. After flowering - potash fertilizers again, but already together with herbal infusion or a solution of organic fertilizers.

In summer, beans, mustard or phacelia can be planted in the trunk circle. Then mow it down and plant it in the soil.

It is better not to apply nitrogen fertilizers in the autumn, as the sweet cherry will begin to grow rapidly, its shoots will not have time to ripen and freeze in winter.

Why cherries and sweet cherries do not bear fruit: the main causes of infertility

Often spring bloom cherries are so plentiful that the branches of the tree itself are not visible behind the white flowers. Watching such a beautiful and rich flowering, summer residents rejoice, anticipating high yield berries. However, abundant flowering does not guarantee a rich harvest.

It happens that at the right time, when berries should already appear on the tree, this is not observed. Gardeners anxiously await the appearance of such a long-awaited harvest, but all in vain. The only question is brewing: why does the cherry not bear fruit after such an abundant flowering?

Reasons for the low yield of cherries and sweet cherries

Currently, this problem worries many gardeners and summer residents - the harvest has clearly decreased. After several years of stubborn struggle with naughty cherries, many give up and leave unsuccessful attempts to grow it. Everyone can give up, but only a few will deal with the reasons that prevent the plant from producing a rich harvest of berries.

So, let's try to find out what is the reason for the low yield.

Several factors lead to infertility and low yields of cherries.

plant variety

It is one of the main causes of tree infertility. Not everyone knows that most cherry tree varieties are self-fertile. This means that the cherry needs to be next to a tree of a different variety, otherwise it will only be able to tie five percent of the ovaries. The fact is that cherry is a cross-pollinated plant and ovaries appear only when pollen from other varieties gets on the pistils of flowers. Cherry varieties are divided into:

1. Self-infertile - only 5% of the ovaries are independently tied;
2. Partially self-fertile - they independently tie 20% of the ovaries;
3. Self-fertile - independently tie more than 50% of the ovaries.

And therefore, in order for self-fertile and partially self-fertile cherries to fully bear fruit, it is necessary to plant cherries of recommended pollination varieties next to them. It is important that the timing of flowering in trees planted in the neighborhood coincide.

Cherry is a tree that does not like loneliness. Even self-fertile varieties will benefit from being next to a tree of another variety. Some, in order to get a bountiful harvest of berries, create whole cherry orchards. That is why, if you want to grow and get a rich harvest of fruits, you should not limit yourself to one variety.

Weather

Frosts in the spring cause great damage to the tree in terms of fruiting. Frosts are especially dangerous if the temperature during the day already rises above 10 degrees. Night frosts lead to the death of flowers and ovaries. A temperature of minus 1-2 degrees is already dangerous for cherry flowers. But if the issue of pollination of flowers is easily solved, in this case it is not easy to help the tree.

Refundable spring frosts occur annually and last up to several weeks. It is possible to help the tree in this situation by delaying the beginning of flowering as much as possible, by maintaining the snow cover under the tree for the longest possible time.

Another reason for the low yield of cherries and sweet cherries or its absence is the winter cold. Tree buds can freeze during winter frosts, and also if the tree is not prepared for cold weather, for example, during frosts that occur in late autumn. The risk of frostbite can be increased by watering heavily or by fertilizing the tree with nitrogen in late summer.

Lack of nutrients and poor growing area

Cherry is a fairly demanding tree to the soil on which it grows. Cherry will delight with a rich harvest with optimal soil acidity for it - as close as possible to neutral. At the same time, the depth of soil water should not be less than one and a half meters. In the case of peatlands, the soil should be limed, and in the case of sand, clay and organic matter will do.

However, limed soil may need boron - without it, cherries will not be able to form ovaries. To avoid this, in the autumn, it is necessary to dig up the trunk circles and loosen the ground under the bushes with the addition of rotted manure and dry wood ash to the soil - half a glass per 1 sq. m.

The plant may be weakened or depressed. Will tell about it appearance tree:

• low annual growth;
• bare branches of a tree that do not have branches;
• gum often oozes from the tree trunk;
• other signs indicating the weakening of the plant.

In this case, the cherry may bloom, but will not bear fruit due to lack of strength. This is due to infertile soil, the location of groundwater nearby, or excessive planting. Cherries will not produce a rich harvest if the soil is too acidic, located in a shady or swampy area.

When planting, it is necessary to follow the root neck of the seedling - it should be at the level of the soil. Do not bury it deep in the soil - this will greatly weaken the tree. The same effect can be obtained due to excessive thickening, the presence of wounds and cuts on the tree trunk.

Trim and thin the crown regularly. In this case, it is necessary to get rid of dry, damaged, intertwined and directed inwards crown branches. As you know, cherries are divided into:

• treelike;
• bushy.

Each form of cherry has its own characteristics of thinning and trimming the crown. Pruning a tree-shaped cherry consists of cutting one-third of the length. Bush pruning is the removal of shrub branches to the first normal branching.

Use of unsuitable seedlings when planting

Another reason for infertility can be seedlings used during planting. The peculiarity of this tree lies in the excessive amount of shoots that grow every year from the root system of a healthy cherry. Some trees reproduce this way.

However, shoots borrowed from neighbors do not produce a similar variety. This is due to the fact that in grafted trees, shoots grow from the roots not of varietal plants, but of wild ones. To propagate a variety grafted on a wild game, it is necessary to plant not shoots, but cuttings from the crown.

In addition to the above causes of infertility and infertility of cherries, there are others: pests, all kinds of lesions and diseases. But they happen much less frequently.

Don't forget the standard preventive measures fruit tree maintenance. Regularly weed the area around the trunk, removing weeds, treatment and treatment of wounds, whitewashing the trunk, spraying the tree from pests.

For your garden, it is better to choose a zoned variety. Such varieties are bred taking into account the climatic features of the region.

To understand why cherries do not bear fruit, many different factors should be studied. The most common reasons are poor-quality care or culture maintenance in inappropriate conditions.

Sweet cherries are self-fertile: if there are no self-pollinating varieties nearby, then only 10% of the ovaries will yield a crop

Variety selection

Before planting this crop, you should choose the right seedling variety. Selecting a resistant variety that is not affected by diseases or fungal infections will reduce the risk of yield loss. Of the sweet varieties, which are characterized by an average ripening time, Revna and Sinyavskaya should be distinguished.

Of the sour varieties, Black Leningradskaya and Pink Bryanskaya are distinguished. Frost-resistant varieties are Julia and Zhukovsky glory.

Pollination

Cherries are self-fertile crops. For this reason, without pollination, fruit sets are only 10% of the total expected yield. There are some sweet cherry varieties that can self-pollinate themselves. As a result, 40% of ovaries are formed on them. If there are pollinators, the yield will still be higher.

For best fruiting rates, cherries should be planted in small groups. The optimal number of trees in one area is two or three. Cherries are also often planted nearby, but it should be remembered that cherries can pollinate cherries, but cherries do not.

Fungal infections

Another reason why cherries do not bloom is the presence of fungal bacteria. There is a disease of coccomycosis. If the tree is sick, then the symptoms manifest themselves as follows:

• leaves fall profusely in summer;
• little flowering in spring;
• fruiting is reduced to 5%;
• buds freeze in winter.

You can get rid of this disease by spraying the tree with solutions of Oxyhom or Ridomil preparations. Spraying should be done at intervals of 10 days. The solution is prepared in the ratio of 50 g of the drug per 10 liters of water.

The tree can be affected by moniliosis infection. The main symptoms of the disease are a decrease in the level of flowering, and by the end of April the flowers completely fall off. As a result, the cherry tree ceases to bear fruit. An effective remedy against moniliosis is spraying the culture with a solution of "Chorus". The procedure should be done at intervals of 10-12 days. Dilute the drug in a ratio of 20 g per 10 liters of water.

"Oxyhom" - good remedy in the fight against fungal diseases

Weather

The reason for poor fruiting can be the weather. Cherries do not bear fruit if unacceptable weather conditions (rain, wind or frost) keep outside during flowering. Hot or constantly cloudy weather adversely affects the state of pollen. As a result, even after falling on a flower, it is not able to germinate.

In winter, there is a risk of freezing flower buds, so in the spring there is little or no flowering. The only way to make a tree bloom again is by adjusting tree care procedures. It is necessary to normalize watering (carry it out at intervals of 14–18 days), strengthen top dressing (do not use nitrogen components) and mulch the root part.

Cherry buds frozen in winter can cause a poor harvest

top dressing

Study the composition of the soil. Please note that its acid-base level should not exceed 3-4%. If the alkali balance is much higher, then lime solutions are added to the soil (2 kg per 10 liters of water). You can add boric acid, the lack of which causes a lack of fruiting. It is necessary to dilute 50 g of boric acid in 10 liters of water and pour the solution abundantly around the perimeter of the entire area.

The time and composition of fertilizer application should be studied. In autumn, it is recommended to make phosphorus and potassium compounds. For this, 10 liters warm water dilute 70 g of superphosphate and 100 g of potassium nitrate. Under each bush pour 10-15 liters of solution. In the spring, it is advisable to feed the trees with urea (100 g for each plant). With the beginning of flowering, the cherry culture should be watered with a complex of fertilizers. It is necessary to dilute 20 g of superphosphate, 40 g of potassium nitrate and 70 g of urea in 10 liters of water. After 14-20 days, the treatment procedure is carried out again with the same agent. This will maximize the level of flowering and fruiting.

Conclusion

Cherries may not bear fruit for several reasons. Most of them are associated with poor quality care. To normalize the situation, it is necessary to study all the subtleties of care and carry them out in accordance with the recommendations. Caring for this crop is so simple that all gardeners can grow it.