Growing pansies by seed. Viola: growing from seeds, planting and care

Viola can be sown immediately in open ground, but it is often grown through seedlings. Sowing at home or in a greenhouse allows you to carefully care for each seedling, which means that fewer seedlings die, which saves seeds. This is important if you have few seeds - for example, you bought a beautiful expensive variety. Also, pansies are sown on seedlings when they want to get abundant flowering in the very first summer. For example, when growing viola in balcony boxes and flowerpots, it is necessary that it bloom magnificently already in the year of sowing, which means that it must be sown earlier than in open ground.

When to sow pansies for seedlings
Sowing time for seedlings middle lane- from 1 to 10 March.
Soil mix for viola
Land mix for sowing can be used ready-made, bought in a store. In order for the roots of seedlings to develop better, add a little washed sand to the purchased soil. You can prepare the soil for viola seedlings yourself. Mix equal amounts of turf or garden soil, humus and sand. Mix the mixture and sift. To prevent seedlings from being affected, steam the prepared mixture in a double boiler for an hour. Steaming will destroy not only pathogens, but also weed seeds.
Fill a sowing dish with moist potting soil and compact lightly. Spread the viola seeds evenly over the surface of the soil. The easiest way to do this is with a small piece of paper.

You need to water the crops with a fine sprayer. Moisten the surface of the soil thoroughly.

Cover the bowl with glass or place it in a clean plastic bag.

seeds pansies sprout better in the dark, so place the bowl in a warm, dark place. At a temperature of +22°C, viola sprouts appear 7-10 days after sowing. After the emergence of seedlings, place the bowl in a sunny place.
Make sure that the soil remains moderately moist all the time, and drops after watering do not remain on the leaves. Remove the cover a week after germination.

Viola seedling picking
When the seedlings of pansies have 2 true leaves, it's time to dive.

Viola can be dived into a box according to the 5x5 cm pattern, as it tolerates transplantation well at almost any stage of development, even during flowering. But such seedlings after planting in the ground will require more attention, because when planting from a box, the roots are damaged in plants, and they need to recover. If you have enough space on the windowsill at home, then it is better to dive pansies into separate pots.
The composition of the soil for picking is the same as for sowing viola, only there is no need to sift and steam the soil. Add 1 tablespoon of mineral fertilizer (Nitrophoska, Azofoska) to the soil mixture per 2 liters of the mixture. Mix well. Fill her pots and compact a little. Plant pansy seedlings, one in each pot. When planting, make sure that the roots are freely placed in the hole and do not bend when it is backfilled.

If the roots do not fit in the hole, then pinch them. Seedlings that are too elongated when picking deepen to cotyledon leaves. Compact the soil around each seedling.
Water carefully.

Start watering from the edge of the pot. If, as a result of watering, the soil has settled heavily, it can be added, but do not fall asleep at the same time cotyledon leaves.
Put the seedlings in a bright place. It is enough to maintain the temperature at the level of +15…+17. Keep track of soil moisture. You need to feed the viola once every two weeks with a solution of mineral fertilizers for seedlings. With the onset of warm weather, seedlings can be placed in a greenhouse or on a balcony: where the temperature does not drop below 0 ° C. If you do not have such an opportunity, then 2 weeks before landing on permanent place start by gradually accustoming her to open air. In warm weather, plant pots of pansy seedlings in partial shade to avoid leaf scorch.
With proper care, by the end of May, the viola blooms and is ready for planting in a permanent place.

Planting a viola in the ground

The soil for planting a viola does not have to be fertile, but it is important that it is loose and breathable. Any cultivated will do garden soil. If the soil in your area is clayey and heavy, then fill it with peat and sand and make a full mineral fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the rate of 30-40 g per 1 sq. M. Dig well.

The scheme of planting a viola in a flower garden is 20 x 20 cm. If you plant flowers in one row, then the distance between plants can be reduced to 15 cm. Seedlings of pansies are planted in holes with a slight (about 1 cm) deepening of the root neck.

Water the seedlings well after planting.

Further care consists of regular top dressing, loosening and watering.

With a lack of moisture, the viola quickly finishes flowering, so the soil must be constantly kept moist. In order for pansies to continue to bloom as long as possible, the set seeds must be removed in a timely manner, especially for plants planted in boxes and containers. Planted in the ground, viola gives self-sowing. Dried boxes crack and shoot seeds for some distance, so the next year after planting, flowering viola can be found in the most unexpected places.
When the viola bushes fade, cut them off, leaving 4-5 cm. After 2-3 weeks, new shoots form from sleeping buds and flowering will resume, it will be especially plentiful in the spring of next year.

Charming viola- herbaceous biennial plant large flowers various colors and dark spot. There are varieties of viola with a corrugated edge. Viola, or Pansies, in culture is a very unpretentious, winter-hardy, abundantly flowering plant. It grows quickly, blooms already in May and has a wonderful appearance until late autumn. Even in October, when there are no other flowers, her pretty flower heads rise above the ground, winking with one eye - do not pass by! Pansies attract the eye like a magnet.

Viola - a low, pretty plant, has been pleasing us with new amazing colors of its large flowers for several years. It can be easily transplanted in a flowering state, flowering during transplantation does not suffer at all. Plant height - 15 cm. Flower diameter - 7 cm.

Sowing viola seed for abundant spring flowering in the second year - June - July on seedling ridges directly into the ground. They are transplanted to a permanent place in August - September. To get flowering in the first year you need plant a viola seedling starting from February, in several terms. Before planting, it is advisable to soak the viola seeds for a day in a solution of zircon, epin, EM-1 preparation.

Then the already swollen viola seeds are placed on the surface of a moistened and compacted substrate, lightly sprinkling the seeds with soil. Crops are sprayed from a spray bottle and covered with glass. If there is no glass, the container with crops can be placed in a plastic bag. Seeds germinate in two weeks. Viola seedlings should be dived at the stage of 1-2 true leaves. Seedlings are planted in open ground in May - June, when the threat has passed. spring frosts, at a distance of 10-15 cm between plants.

Viola Care. Viola prefers loose, fertile, well-drained soils. Watering is so important for her that plants stop flowering on dry soil. Care consists in weeding weeds, loosening the soil. In order to prolong flowering, faded flowers must be removed. Viola reacts negatively to fresh organic fertilizers. Complex mineral fertilizers containing the NPK complex are suitable for top dressing, after which the viola responds with friendly flowering.

When growing viola seedlings in February, flowering occurs in the first year from July and continues until frost, when seeds are sown in open ground, the viola will bloom for next year from early spring to late autumn.

Viola will look great in potted gardens, and in flower beds, and even in a mono-flower garden in the form of a flowing stream, imitating a reservoir in the garden. Can be used for garden flower beds as borders or in group plantings, flowerpots, hanging baskets, and also looks wonderful cut and used to decorate original

Planting and caring for the viola (in a nutshell)

Landing: perennial seeds are sown in the ground before winter, annuals are grown in seedlings: seeds are sown for seedlings in March, and seedlings are planted in the ground in May. If the viola is grown in biennial culture, then the seeds are sown on the school garden in June or July, and at the end of August or the beginning of September, the seedlings are transplanted to a permanent place.
Bloom: depending on the species, variety and method of cultivation from early spring to late autumn.
Lighting: bright sunlight.
The soil: rich, moist, well-drained.
Watering: in a season with normal rainfall, the viola can not be watered, but in a drought, watering should be regular: the soil on the site is kept loose and slightly moist.
Top dressing: once a month with a complete mineral fertilizer.
Reproduction: seeds and green cuttings.
Pests: clover owls, spider mites, gall nematodes and violet mother-of-pearl.
Diseases: pythium, smut, leaf spot, gray rot, blackleg, powdery mildew and variegation virus.

Viola flowers - growing conditions

Viola is represented by perennial, biennial and annual herbaceous plants, reaching a height of 15 to 30 cm. The root system of the viola is fibrous, the main shoot is erect. Simple or pinnately dissected viola leaves, equipped with stipules, are either collected in a basal rosette or grow alternately. The flowers of the viola are axillary, solitary, on long peduncles, up to 7 cm in diameter, the upper petals are with marigolds, the lower ones are larger, with a sac-like formation at the base - a spur. The colors and shapes of the violas amaze with their variety: monochromatic, two- or three-color, spotted, striped, with one spot, with wavy or even edges of the petals, simple or terry...

Viola blooms very profusely, depending on the time of planting, either from mid-March to the end of May, or from August until frost, although there are hybrids that can bloom throughout the summer or twice per season. The fruit of the viola is a box with seeds that remain viable for up to two years.

Viola is winter-hardy and shade-tolerant, although away from the sun it blooms not so profusely, and the flowers become smaller. The soil for viola is preferred loamy, fertile, moist, since growing on dry sandy soils also leads to the fact that viola flowers become small.

Growing viola from seeds

Sowing viola for seedlings

It is possible to sow viola seeds directly in the open field, but it is better to tell you how to grow viola seedlings, because seedling method seed propagation is usually more reliable than seedlings. If you plan to see flowering already this year, viola seedlings should be grown from the end of February.

Before sowing the viola, buy at flower shop soil substrate for violets, and soak the seed for a day in a solution of Epin or Zircon. Then lay the seeds in the grooves made in the ground and sprinkle them on top with a substrate ground between the palms, pour, cover the container with glass or transparent film and keep it in a room with a temperature of about 15 ºC.

In the photo: Viola flowering in a flower bed

viola seedling

Viola seedlings from seeds will begin to hatch in a week and a half, and as soon as the viola has sprouted, the glass must be removed, and the seedling container should be placed in a cool place where the air temperature is not higher than 10 ºC, under bright diffused light protected from direct sunlight. Viola care at this stage consists in the timely moistening of the substrate and the application of complex mineral fertilizer in the form of a solution twice a month.

Viola pick

There are two opinions about how many times and when to dive the viola.

Some flower growers insist that the seedlings of the viola are dived twice: the first time, when a pair of true leaves grows in the seedlings, and the second time the viola is picked in another 2-3 weeks according to the 6x6 scheme.

But others no less experienced experts believe that the second pick is, in fact, planting the viola in open ground, so it’s up to you to decide whether you need to dive the viola a second time. In the end, the viola can be planted on the site in an already flowering state - it takes root perfectly. And viola blooms from seeds in late spring or early summer.

In the photo: Dense thickets of viola

Planting a viola

When to plant viola

Viola planting in open ground is carried out depending on the climate of the area in April or May. Determine a sunny area for the viola with optimal composition soil and add 0.2 parts of not too finely crushed coal to one part of the earth, so that its fractions perform, in addition to everything, a drainage function, and the same amount of humus or dry bird droppings. Viola will also grow well in soil of this composition: humus, soddy land, peat and sand in a ratio of 2: 2: 2: 1.

Do not plant a viola in a lowland where they lie close ground water so that there is no stagnation of water in the roots of the viola.

How to plant a viola

If you are concerned about the question of how to plant a viola correctly, let me reassure you: planting viola flowers does not contain any secrets. Seedlings are placed in pre-prepared holes at a distance of 10-15 cm between specimens, sprinkled with earth, compacted the soil around the bushes and watered after planting. Please note that the cultivation of viola flowers involves replanting plants every three years, combined with the division of bushes, otherwise the perennial viola grows strongly, and the flowers become small, which makes the plant lose its decorative effect. Most the best varieties viola can be easily propagated by cuttings.

Pictured: Pansies

Viola - care

How to grow a viola

Growing viola requires maintaining the soil on the site in a wet and loose state, since the root system of the plant is superficial - it is located at a depth of only 15-20 cm. and only if the summer is hot, you have to mess with watering. It is also necessary to remove weeds from the site as they appear and cut off in time withered flowers with seed pods so that the flowering of the viola does not lose its intensity.

In addition, care for viola flowers provides for monthly feeding with ammonium nitrate or superphosphate at the rate of 25-30 g per square meter.

In the photo: White and blue viols

Viola pests and diseases

As you can see, planting and caring for a viola is very simple, so do not neglect the rules for growing a viola, follow them meticulously, otherwise you will have to face difficulties that could have been avoided with proper care. It's about about diseases and pests that occur when the rules of agricultural technology are violated.

Viola most often suffers from powdery mildew, which manifests itself at first in the form of gray or white plaque on leaves, buds and stems. This happens if fertilizing is done only with nitrogen fertilizers or in a dry sunny summer with abundant morning dew. In case of illness powdery mildew plants are sprayed with soda ash with soap or Fundazol, or ground sulfur. If the disease persists, treatment can be repeated after two weeks.

In addition, if the temperature, air and soil humidity regimes established by agricultural technology are violated, troubles may arise with diseases such as gray rot or black leg. Eliminate the causes of the disease until it has covered all the plants, remove the affected specimens, and pour the soil after them with Fundazol.

In the photo: Large viola flower

Sometimes the viola suffers from spotting, from which its leaves dry, and the plant itself weakens. It is necessary to destroy specimens affected by the disease, and it is best to burn them so that the infection does not spread throughout the garden. For prevention purposes, healthy plants are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid 2-3 times with an interval between sessions of two weeks.

Of the insects, caterpillars of the clover scoop and violet mother-of-pearl, which eat the leaves of the plant, are dangerous for the viola. They are destroyed by spraying the viola with chlorophos or tobacco infusion.

Viola after flowering

How and when to collect viola seeds

Collect seeds from faded plants in August-September. After the flowers wither, small boxes with seeds remain in their place.

A sign of seed readiness for collection is the turn of the box up.

Seeds are removed from the cut boxes, dried indoors and sent for storage in the refrigerator. If the boxes with seeds are not removed, then abundant self-seeding can happen, and you will see fresh spontaneous seedlings either in the fall, or next spring, but if they are thinned and planted in time, then you can grow a viola on the site without labor costs for sowing and planting.

In the photo: How the viola blooms in the garden

Viola in winter

The current varieties of perennial violets, if covered with spruce branches or dry foliage, can even withstand very coldy– up to -30 ºC. And annual violas are disposed of after withering.

Types and varieties of viola

Viola Wittrockiana (Viola wittrockiana)

The most common type of viola in our flower beds is Wittrock's viola, or pansies. It is a perennial 20-30 cm high, grown in culture as a biennial plant, with oval alternate leaves with blunt teeth along the edges and single large flowers from 4 to 10 cm in diameter of various colors and shapes.

Flower growers divide garden viola varieties into several categories: according to the timing and quality of flowering, flower size, color, shape and level of winter hardiness.

If the criterion is the size of the flowers and their simultaneous number on the bush during flowering, then according to these characteristics, Wittrock's viola varieties are divided into groups of large-flowered (grandiflora) and multi-flowered (multiflora) varieties.

If the basis of the difference is color, then the varieties are conditionally divided into one-color, two-color and spotty, but it should be understood that there is no clear boundary between these groups, and the same variety can be classified, for example, as spotted and two-color.

One-color varieties of Wittrock viola:

Viola White- a sprawling shrub up to 25 cm in diameter and up to 20 cm high with green leaves, white with barely noticeable greenery and yellowness, fragrant flowers on long peduncles. This variety blooms from mid-April to early August and from late September to October. Winters well under cover;
Blue Boy- a bush up to 25 cm tall with bluish leaves, lilac-blue corrugated flowers up to 6 cm in diameter, with dark lilac strokes at the base of the petals, the upper petals are bent back. At the same time, up to 19 flowers can open on a bush. Blooms from April to August and in September-October, winters well under cover;
Rua de Negri- compact bushes up to 23 cm high, leaves with a bluish bloom, flowers up to 5 cm in diameter with rounded black velvet petals wavy at the edges, slightly bent back, at the base of the lower petal there is a bright yellow eye. Opens simultaneously on a bush up to 14 flowers. Blooms from April to August and from September to October. Winters well under cover;
Viola red- erect stems up to 20 cm high, flowers up to 7 cm in diameter, red with a very dark eye at the base of the petals.

In the photo: Viola Wittrockiana (Viola wittrockiana)

Bicolor varieties of Wittrock viola:

Jupiter- a compact variety up to 16 cm high with dark green leaves and flowers up to 5 cm in diameter with rounded white purple flowers, the upper petals of which, white at the base, are bent back, and the lower ones have a velvety texture and a deep purple hue. Opens immediately up to 20 flowers. Winters well;
Lord Beaconsfield- bushes up to 25 cm high, bluish leaves. Flowers up to 5.5 cm in diameter. The upper petals are white-blue with ink strokes at the base, the lower ones are deep purple with an uneven lilac rim around the edges. At the same time, up to 30 flowers bloom on a bush. Winters well;
Saint Knud- compact bushes up to 20 cm in height with green leaves and flowers up to 5 cm in diameter, in which the upper petals are a light yellowish-orange hue, and the lower ones, bright orange with a red base, strongly protrude forward. Up to 19 flowers can be open on a bush at the same time.

In the photo: Viola Wittrockiana (Viola wittrockiana)

Spotted violas:

Shalom Purim- a many times improved form of the rococo viola variety, the same terry viola, but with an incredibly strong corrugation of the petals of very large flowers - a third larger than the standard. It goes on sale as a mixture of seeds of various colors. Unlike the parental species, it prefers light penumbra to the sun - then the corrugation of the leaves is more pronounced;
hybrid F1 Eyes of the tiger- a novelty of incredible coloring: on the yellow background of the petals there are frequent thin brown strokes, the flower diameter is up to 3 cm. It can be grown both in flower beds and in pots. The hybrid differs in early, abundant flowering and pleasant aroma;
hybrid F1 "Cassis"- a compact plant with purple petals with a thin white border around the edges, blooms very profusely, has a high winter hardiness.

In the photo: Horned Viola (Viola cornuta), or ampelous viola

In addition to Wittrock's viola, horned viola, or ampelous viola, is often grown in culture - a perennial plant with a height of 15 to 25 cm with a creeping branched rhizome, which, growing, forms a carpet. Its stems are triangular in cross-section, the leaves are oblong, coarsely serrated, up to 6 cm long, the stipules are pinnately incised. Numerous flowers 3-5 cm in diameter, with a horn-shaped spur, are painted in a lilac-violet range with a small yellow eye. Blooms from May to September. Winter-hardy, but it is desirable to cover it for the winter. cultivation ampel viola not much different from growing garden viola. The breeding of new varieties of viola horned was mainly carried out by English breeders:

Arkwright Ruby- a large-flowered variety with intense red petals with a yellow eye and dark spots on the base of the lower petals;
Balmont Blue- variety with blue flowers and climbing shoots, grows well in hanging baskets and balcony containers;
Purple Duet- the flowers of this variety have two upper petals of burgundy color, and the three lower ones are dark pink with darker strokes at the base.

In the photo: Fragrant Viola (Viola odorata)

Fragrant Viola (Viola odorata)

Another species that grows well in culture and has many garden forms, is fragrant viola - a perennial with a thick rhizome and almost round leaves up to 9 cm long and up to 8 cm wide, forming a rosette. The flowers are quite large, fragrant, purple hue. Blooms in May for three weeks, sometimes re-blooms in autumn. Varieties:

Rosina- very fragrant flowers Pink colour, darkening closer to the base, their upper petals are bent, the side ones are slightly extended forward - the flower looks like a flying bird;
Charlotte- Viola with large dark purple flowers;
Tsar- Viola with very fragrant purple flowers.

In the photo: Viola moth (Viola papilionacea), or viola klobuchkovy (Viola cucullata)

Viola moth, or clobuche (Viola papilionacea = Viola cucullata)

The moth viola, or klobuchkovy, is also in demand in culture, 15-20 cm high with heart-shaped or kidney-shaped, serrated leaves along the edge and large, single purple flowers, in which the upper petal is white with a purple stripe, and the center is yellowish green, almost white. Blooms from April to June. Varieties:

Freckles- white flowers with dense purple speckles, which become larger in cool spring. Blooms in spring to early summer. One of the most unpretentious varieties of viola in culture;
Royal Robe– miniature viola with very fragrant flowers, the petals of which are bent back, and at the base of each petal there are yellowish and black strokes. The petals themselves have a color from violet-blue to purple;
Red Giant- very large red-violet flowers on long peduncles. Long flowering variety.

In addition to the listed widely used types of viola, graceful, mountain, yellow, swamp, Altai, hairy, Labrador, single-flowered, motley, sandy, Somkhet, dog, sister, stop-shaped, amazing, hill and Selkirk viola could grow well in garden culture. In the meantime, they are used by breeders for the most part to develop new varieties and hybrids of garden viola.

Do you want to decorate your site with attractive and unpretentious plants, then information on how viola flowers grow, growing from seeds in pots and in open field, will be useful. It is important to know when and how to sow in order to grow healthy pansies.

Viola - growing from seeds

First you need to decide on the place where the plant will grow, and one cannot but rejoice at the fact that the viola will take root both on sunny area, as well as in the shade. When figuring out how to grow a viola from seeds, it is worth noting that in the sun the flowers will be large and bright, but flowering will not last long. It is better to choose an area that is illuminated by the sun in the morning and at sunset, and at other times it should be protected by a shadow. Not suitable for growing and damp low places.

There are a few care tips that you can use to watch beautiful blooms:

It is important to periodically water the flowers, since the root system is on the surface (at a depth of no more than 20 cm). Humidification should be carried out as needed. This should be done in evening time years using sun-warmed water.
For the flower to receive nutrients, it is recommended to fertilize every 3-4 weeks. Considering that for each square meter there should be 25 g of superphosphate. The granules should be deepened into the ground, and then watered.
When the sixth leaf appears, you can pinch the stem, so you can achieve better tillering.
If flowering has deteriorated or when new buds are not formed, it is necessary to prune at a height of 9-12 cm from the ground. After that, top dressing and water are introduced, which will contribute to the growth of new shoots and re-blooming.

Viola - growing from seeds for seedlings

There are some important rules, which should be considered in order to grow beautiful seedlings:

Viola flowers, grown from seeds of which are carried out according to the rules, need to maintain the air temperature at 18-20 ° C. If the indicators are low, then the emergence of seedlings will have to wait a long time. When the sprouts are visible, rearrange the containers so that the temperature is 12-15 ° C.
For the normal development of a flower, light is important, so the minimum daylight hours should last 14 hours. If necessary, use special ones. With a lack of light, viola seedlings will stretch out a lot.
If the flowers are grown on a peat substrate, then pre-fertilization of the soil is not required, but the procedure should be carried out three weeks after sowing. You can use mineral supplements.

When to plant viola for seedlings?

There are three schemes that can be followed to grow any kind of this plant:

In autumn, you can plant a flower in open ground, but flowering will occur only next year. Viola planting dates for seedlings - August-September.
To see flowering in the year of sowing, you need to sow a flower in early spring. Suitable time from the end of February to the beginning of March.
Flowering in the year of planting can be obtained by sowing seeds in the summer in open ground. Best time for the procedure - May-beginning of June.

How to germinate viola seeds?

To make seedlings appear faster, you can pre-germinate the seeds. To do this, first iterate over them to select damaged instances. Germination of viola seeds is not difficult: take a cloth or cotton pad, soak it in water and place it on the seeds, covering with a moistened cloth. Put it in a saucer or other container and leave for several days in warm place. It is important to monitor the hydration of the matter. When sprouts hatch from seeds, then sowing can be carried out.

Viola planting for seedlings

When the seeds are ready, you can proceed to the sowing procedure, for which follow these instructions for growing:

Fill the prepared containers with light and fertile soil. It is better to take store soil and combine it with sand and earth from the garden, observing the proportion 1:1:2. Be sure to pour the finished mixture with a fungicide for disinfection.
The instructions on how to properly plant a viola for seedlings indicate that when the prepared mixture dries out, you need to make shallow grooves, spread the seeds, but not thickly, and sprinkle them with earth.
To grow seeds, cover the container with film or glass. Put it in a place where it is warm and dark until sprouts appear. Be sure to ventilate regularly.
When sprouts appear, take the container to the light and open it a little so that they get access to oxygen.
Feed the flowers once a week using a weak solution of flower fertilizer. When the soil is dry, water it using a spray bottle.
A flower is held, and at the end of April hardening should begin on the street or balcony.

How much does viola grow?

A question of interest to beginners, and here you should know that in most cases, if the seeds were good, then seedlings will appear in nine days. It is important at this time to control the soil moisture and gently loosen it to increase the access of oxygen, but do everything carefully so as not to damage the sprouts. There is one secret experienced gardeners- viola shoots appear faster if the seed container is in a dark place.

Viola pick for seedlings

When a couple of true leaves appear on the seedlings, pick in separate containers. It is worth noting that the viola is hardy, so even if the roots were damaged during transplantation, they will quickly recover. It is important to know not only when you need to dive the viola after germination, but also some features, so often at the time of the procedure, the seedlings turn out to be elongated, so it should be deepened to the cotyledons during transplantation. This will improve the appearance of the flower and strengthen the root system. After that, growth will increase in 3-4 weeks.

Viola - planting and care in the open field

If you sow the seeds in late August or September, before the snow falls, the plant will have time to sprout and develop a powerful root system. Pansies will bloom next year from April until frost. Viola cultivation in open ground is carried out according to the following scheme:

Make shallow grooves, water them and spread the seeds sparsely. From above, crush them with earth and tamp with your palm, but do not press down hard. There should be a distance of 10 cm between the grooves.
It is recommended to shade the bed, which will contribute better growth and prevent the soil from drying out. For example, you can build a canopy or stick branches with leaves.
When two true leaves form on the seedlings, the flower dives. In this case, it is recommended to reduce the central root by 1/3. Planting at a permanent place of cultivation is carried out according to the scheme 25x25 cm.
Please note that the plant should not bloom this year, so be sure to cut off the buds that have appeared.

Viola soil

The beauty and duration of flowering is affected by the quality of the soil in which the planting will be carried out. Growing pansies is best done on loamy soils that are moist and fertile. Just keep in mind that stagnant water will cause root rot. The rules for planting viola indicate that drainage and loosening of the soil should first be carried out. If the land is not fertile, then fertilizer must be applied.

It should be borne in mind that it is forbidden to add humus, but the best choice- or ammonium nitrate. For the health of viola flowers, growing from seeds and planting the seedlings themselves can be carried out in peat, which retains heat and moisture does not stagnate in it. In addition, it contains many nutrients. It can be put in the holes intended for seeds.

Do I need to cover viola seeds with soil?

When sowing takes place in open ground, it is recommended to sprinkle the seeds with earth so that they do not scatter and take root faster. If you are wondering whether it is necessary to sprinkle viola seeds when planting them on seedlings, then you should indicate one of the sowing options, which is popular with flower growers. Thanks to him, the sprouts will appear faster, because they do not have to spend energy trying to break through the soil. To germinate viola flowers, grow from seeds according to the following scheme:

Many experienced gardeners plant pansies immediately in open ground, but the seedling method of growing viola at home is no less common, making it possible to grow healthy plants that will bloom much earlier and most likely even more abundantly.

Caring for the viola is not so complicated and painstaking, so summer residents grow this flower on their plots with great desire.

Popular types and varieties of viola

When and how to plant pansies for seedlings: timing and methods

Viola planting dates vary depending on the method of their breeding. Thus, 3 ways to grow pansies can be distinguished:

spring planting seeds for seedlings in late February - early March. The advantage of this method is that the plants will start blooming early and will decorate your garden this summer. Part of the seedlings can not be planted in the garden, but transplanted into pots or balcony boxes.
Viola can be planted with seeds and immediately in open ground in summer. This is usually done in late spring - in May-early June. Flowering should be expected by autumn or earlier (in August-September).
It is common to plant pansies with seeds in autumn or even at the end of summer (usually in August - early September). After a successful winter rooting, the seedlings will begin to grow, and flowering will begin almost immediately after the advent of spring.

According to the lunar calendar

It can help you choose the best date for sowing seeds Moon calendar.

Viola can be either an annual (summer), or perennial plant, each of which has its own dates according to the lunar calendar. However, most often (in conditions of cold and harsh winters), it is grown as an annual plant.

So auspicious days for sowing an annual viola in 2019 according to the lunar calendar are:

in January - 17-19, 23-27;
in February - 6-8, 11-17, 21-25;
in March - 12-17, 19-20;
in April - 6-8, 11-13, 15-17; 29-30;
in May - 8-17, 21-23, 26-28;
in June - 1, 2, 5, 6, 9-13, 16-20;
in July - 8-10;
in November - 6-8, 13-18, 24-25.

Auspicious days for sowing perennial (biennial) viola in 2019 according to the lunar calendar are:

in January - 14-19, 23-27;
in February - 11-13, 20-25;
in March - 12-17, 19, 20, 27-30;
in April - 6-8, 11-13, 15-17, 24-26, 29, 30;
in May - 6-8, 10-17, 21-23, 26-28, 31;
in June - 1, 2, 5, 6, 9-13, 16-20, 27-30;
in July - 8-12, 25-31;
in August - 2-6, 17, 18, 21-23, 26-28;
in September - 1-5, 7-10, 17-24;
in October - 4-7, 9-12, 19-21, 23-25, 27;
in November - 13-18.

Unfavorable days according to the lunar calendar for 2019 for sowing annual and perennial pansies, the following dates are:

in January - 5, 6, 21;
in February - 4, 5, 19;
in March - 6, 7, 21;
in April - 5, 19;
in May - 5, 19;
in June - 3, 4, 17;
in July - 2, 3, 17;
in August - 15, 16, 30, 31;
in September - 14, 15, 28, 29;
in October - 14, 28;
in November - 12, 13, 26, 27.

According to lunar calendar from the magazine "1000 tips for summer residents."

Video: incremental sowing viola for seedlings - all about growing pansies

Capacity and soil mix

You can sow and grow viola seedlings in any landing tanks, it can be plastic and wooden boxes, cardboard and peat cups, disposable plastic cups, special trays and cassettes for seedlings, peat tablets. You can make a container yourself, for example, by cutting plastic bottles or milk cartons and other food containers.

When you think about the choice of soil, there are always exactly 2 ways. Buy a ready-made mixture for seedlings of flowers in the store or make it yourself. There is no fundamental difference, everything depends on your time and opportunities.

To prepare substrate for growing seedlings of pansies do it yourself the following components will be required in equal proportions:

sod land;
humus;
peat;
sand.

Then the resulting soil mixture must be well mixed and preferably sieved. You can disinfect the soil with the help of its steaming.

Do not forget! To successfully grow any seedling, including viola, you need proper drainage.

Preparation of seeds for sowing (processing)

To speed up seed germination and increase their resistance to disease, viola seeds are pre-treated before planting. treated with growth accelerators. The most popular means for soaking before sowing seedlings are "Zircon" and "Epin".

direct sowing

A step-by-step guide to planting viola seeds for seedlings at home in the traditional way is as follows:

Moisten (for example, you can still shed a 1% solution of potassium permanganate or to increase protection against rot and other dangerous diseases), and then lightly compact the soil in the planting container.
Sow pansy seeds on the surface (some flower growers plant in shallow, maximum 5 mm grooves, and then lightly sprinkle with earth). Try to distribute the flower seeds as evenly as possible, for this, for example, use a small piece of white paper and slowly sow the seeds along the edge.
Using a spray bottle, thoroughly moisten the crops again.
Then cover or cover plastic wrap, You can also put the container directly into the bag or put shoe covers on it.
Place the container with plantings in a dark and warm place where the average air temperature is kept at 22 degrees.

Video: sowing viola seeds for seedlings and germination results

By the way! Viola can be sown on the snow. To do this, lay a small layer of snow on top of the ground and lay the seeds on it. The snow will gradually melt and pull the seeds into the ground.

Video: sowing and picking viola

Viola care after planting seedlings

As practice shows, friendly shoots will begin to appear after 1 week or a week and a half. Now you need to move the container from a dark place to a sunny window (you can even directly to the south).

It is important that the soil near the seedlings is always slightly moist. So don't forget to do regular watering.

Important! The soil must be kept moderately moist, as excess moisture leads to plant disease with a black leg.

After 6-7 days from the moment of formation of the first shoots - cover will need to be removed., but first it is necessary to begin to ventilate the soil gradually, increasing the duration over time.

Pansies need 15 hour (+-1 hour) daylight hours, respectively, due to early sowing, young seedlings are recommended to be illuminated with fitolamps or conventional LED lamps otherwise it may stretch too much.

picking

The time for picking seedlings of pansies comes when she has 2 true leaves.

Note! It must be admitted that the viola easily takes root after almost any transplant, not even the most accurate one. So, young seedlings, whose roots were slightly damaged during picking, may at first slow down a little in development, but then go into steady growth. but you need to approach the procedure with all responsibility!

If possible, try to dive viola seedlings into separate landing tanks(pots, cups), or in a common container according to the scheme 5 by 5 centimeters.

The requirements for the soil do not change, except that this time no steaming is required. However, it is recommended to add mineral fertilizer to the soil mixture, which can be used as nitrophoska or azofoska, at the rate of 2 tbsp. l. funds for 4 liters of land.

Important! Roots should be loose in the hole. It is impossible for them to bend when they are backfilled. If, however, they do not fit, then they should be pinched.

Viola seedlings that are too long should be deepened down to the cotyledon leaves.

After transplantation, watering is necessary. If after it the earth has settled excessively, then soil should be added.

Video: viola pick

That's all! Now you can again put the seedlings on the windowsill or any other bright place where the temperature will be kept at 16 (+ -1) degrees.

Once every 2 weeks maybe feed pansies with complex mineral fertilizers for seedlings, which include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

When about 2 weeks remain before planting, the seedlings of the viola should begin harden, gradually bringing to Fresh air. Try not to keep the pots in direct sunlight, otherwise young and fragile leaves can get burned.

If you did everything right when planting and grew seedlings of pansies at home according to the recommendations, then in the second half of May the violas will bloom, and they can be planted in open ground or transplanted into hanging balcony containers, planters or a high flower bed.

Video: how to grow good seedlings violas

How to plant viola seedlings in open ground: timing and methodology

It is necessary to start transferring seedlings of pansies to the soil or to a flower bed when the weather is consistently warm outside (no return frosts), that is, in the general case, this occurs in May.

A place for planting a viola, as a rule, it takes a good illuminated(but not open, otherwise the plantings will simply burn out), however, planting near trees is possible, through the crowns of which scattered sunlight will fall.

Priming for planting pansies should be fluffy and airy, so any will do and it doesn’t have to be the most fertile land on your personal plot. For example, if your soil is too heavy and clayey, then add peat with sand to it, as well as complex mineral fertilizer (about 35 grams per 1 sq. Meter). Then carefully dig the bed.

Recommended landing pattern and distance seedlings of pansies - 20 cm apart. If you want to plant flowers in 1 row, then the distance between flowers should be reduced to 15 cm. root collar, about 1 cm.

If you transplant pansies into boxes on the balcony or planters, then their volume should be about 1.5 liters per 1 flower.

The final touch will be abundant soil moisture around new plantings.

Video: planting a viola in open ground

Further care for viola in the open field

Caring for pansies consists of the following main points:

top dressing;
loosening;
watering.

most suitable fertilizers for pansies are complex mineral supplements containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, that is, it can be ammonium nitrate or superphosphate.

Worth knowing! Viola can't be fed fresh manure. Flowers generally do not tolerate such top dressing.

Pansies are very fond of regular loosening, which relieves planting of weeds and allows air to better penetrate to the root system of the plant. However, do this carefully so as not to damage the roots.

The long flowering of the viola is a guarantee of a permanent soil moisture. Accordingly, if there is not enough moisture, then you will not have to rely on stormy colors.

In order to increase the flowering time of viola grown in pots or balcony boxes, as well as in the garden, it is necessary follow and get rid of the set seeds in time.

By the way! Pansies are self-seeding. So don't be surprised if a lot of new flowers appear on the site next year.

Concerning pruning viola bushes, it is highly recommended. Say, after the pansies have faded, they should be cut to 4-5 cm. After half a month, fresh shoots will appear, and the flowers will open again. Moreover, such a procedure will have a particularly positive effect on flowering next year.

Video: growing and caring for pansies

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