Fruit trees and shrubs in the garden. Varieties of fruit trees for the Moscow region

By purchasing land plot and when drawing up a plan for the future home, you definitely need to think about the placement of trees and shrubs, which are always planted first. This is due not only to the dimensions of the plants, but also to a relatively long period of growth until full flowering or fruiting. Of course, plant all ornamental and fruit trees on suburban area impossible due to the limited territory, so you have to choose.

And when deciding which trees to plant on the site, you need to focus on two principles:

• growing conditions: demanding or unpretentious species;
• the main purpose, or place in the garden landscape (garden, hedge, single landing).

If we talk about fruit trees, then the simplest care is required for apple trees (especially if you purchase a seedling of local selection that is resistant to common diseases and pests). Certainly, unpretentious varieties are not high palatability, but it won't cause any trouble. But if you want to surprise your neighbors with something exotic, then you should think about planting a yellow plum, actinidia, walnut or peach.

The same principle applies to ornamental trees and shrubs. For example, for a hedge, you can use wild grapes, honeysuckle or drooping lilac, with minimal requirements for soil and climatic conditions, or you can decorate the site with juniper, barberry or hawthorn, which need a little more attention.

If you decide to plant a tree in the country, be sure to check the depth of groundwater. Very many trees, both fruit and ornamental, die as soon as their roots reach the water. These trees include pear, which has a deeply penetrating root system. At first, the young seedling grows actively and pleases the owner, it may even be possible to try the first fruits, but then the tree begins to wither and dry out. Inexperienced gardeners complain about illness or poor-quality planting material and buy and plant pear seedlings again.

In order for tree plantings to really become durable, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of each species for growing conditions.

Overview of fruit trees and their features

Many, having a summer cottage, want to plant fruit trees in the garden. For good fruiting, they need high level lighting, top dressing, watering, pruning and preventive treatments for diseases and pests.

Planting several varieties with the same ripening period favorably affects the yield. To save space on the site, it is better to choose varieties with a compact crown shape on dwarf rootstocks. Below is a brief description of the main fruit crops according to the most significant parameters.

culture	Average life expectancy, years	Average tree height, m	Required feeding area, m	Preferred Soils	Permissible depth of groundwater, m
Apple tree	from 20 to 50	3 to 7	3x2 or 6x4	subacid	1 to 3
Pear	25	5	5x4	any	2
Cherry	25	2 to 5	4x3	neutral	2
Cherries	60	3 to 8	4x4 or 8x4	neutral	1,5
Plum	20	5	4x3	neutral	1,5
cherry plum	20	2,5	3x3	neutral	1
Apricot	40-60	5 to 10	5x6	slightly alkaline	2-2,5
viburnum	40	2,5	2x2	subacid	1
Irga	50	2,5	3x2	neutral	1,5
Honeysuckle	20	1,5	2x1	any	1,5
Sea buckthorn	15	3 to 5	2x2	neutral	1
Rowan	25	7	5x3	subacid	2
Hazel	60	5	4x4	slightly alkaline	3

When choosing a fruit tree for a summer cottage, not only taste preferences play an important role, but also climate zone. For example, chokeberry is recommended for the northern regions, as is honeysuckle with sea buckthorn, brought to central Russia from Siberia.

Heat-loving cherry plums, plums, sweet cherries and cherries do well in the southern regions. However, selection does not stand still, and many cultures adapt perfectly to atypical regions thanks to a stable rootstock. An excellent example of this is the Manchurian apricot and the Siberian apricot, which are suitable for cultivation in Siberia and the Far East. And although such an apricot has a specific non-winning taste, it is quite successful in processing.

Manchurian apricot - mature tree

For rational use plot, you can use a graft that allows you to have several interesting varieties on one adult tree.

Overview of ornamental trees and shrubs

Ornamental trees have not only an aesthetic function, but are often planted for shade at the gazebo, to protect from dust from the road, to create a living border along the fence. Features of care depend on the type of plant and growing area.

There are trees that it is undesirable to plant on a private plot because of aggressive growth or because of folk signs. Consider the most popular in private landscape design ornamental trees and shrubs in terms of care features and possible uses.

Norway maple Globozum

culture	Short description	Usage	Note
Linden small-leaved	A tree up to 30 m high with a neat oval crown, high frost resistance, does not tolerate drought, the crown lends itself well to formation	A shady tree with a pleasant fragrance during flowering, is a honey plant, can be used for hedges or planting along a fence, well retains dust from the road	Linden near the house, according to old legends, protects against all diseases and ailments. A young tree does not bloom, the first flowering is observed only at the age of 20-30, linden blossom is used in traditional medicine
Norway maple	A tree up to 6 m high with a compact spherical crown, does not need frequent pruning, grows on any soil	Good for providing shade near a house or over an artificial pond, often planted along a fence or road	Used in folk medicine and cooking
Common bird cherry	A tree with a height of 4 to 10 m, known for its snow-white racemose inflorescences with a bright aroma, undemanding to growing conditions	Due to the spreading wide crown, it is often planted singly on the edge of the site or in the alleys in a large garden.	You can not plant close to the house, as its roots destroy the foundation; produces edible fruits with medicinal properties
Poplar white (silver)	A fast-growing tree up to 30 m high with a spreading crown, has a light bark and silvery leaves, light-loving, salt-resistant, tolerates drought and waterlogging, frost-resistant	Used in single or group plantings. For urban landscaping, pyramidal poplar is more often used, which does not form fluff, but has a greater height.	It is undesirable to plant close to the house due to the aggressive root system, it cleans the air well from dust and harmful substances
Catalpa	Heat-loving tree 10-15 m high with a high spherical crown and an elegant even trunk, inflorescences are large, white, long pods are formed after flowering, giving additional decorativeness, does not tolerate pruning	Single plantings near the gazebo or near the house, during the flowering period it exudes a very pleasant aroma, it grows relatively slowly, it can freeze slightly in the Moscow region	People call it "macaroni tree"
Lilac	Abundantly flowering unpretentious shrub from 3 to 6 m high, the color of fragrant inflorescences is white or lilac different shades, requires moderate pruning	Some varieties do not tolerate urban gas pollution, so it is undesirable to plant them near the road. Lilac is ideal for hedges	It is considered by the people to be the protector of family well-being and a source of inspiration for creative people.
Barberry	Prickly shrub from 1 to 4 m high, with a variety of leaf colors (burgundy, yellow, green, purple), unpretentious care	Used to create an impenetrable wall of dense prickly branches.	Used in folk medicine, recommended for planting at home
Willow	Tree with drooping shoots, fast growing, easy to prune, tolerates significant waterlogging.	Planting near water bodies or on waterlogged soils, hedges	A symbol of sadness and sadness, in the old days it was considered bad omen plant a willow under the window

The list can be continued for a long time, especially if you cover all varieties and varieties. Breeders successfully cope with the task of "satisfying the needs of every gardener."

Trees unwanted in the garden plot according to ancient legends

Before planting a tree in front of the house, we can refer to the experience of our ancestors. At first glance, all signs are based on superstition, but they often have a logical grain.

It is not recommended to plant an oak tree in the summer cottage, which has strong energy and influences the head of the family. Birch as a protective shield should grow only behind the fence. Walnut should not be planted near the house, as its roots can destroy the foundation over time. Willow, willow and aspen, messengers of sorrow and death, are undesirable on the site.

If there are brides in the family, then it is also better to wait with the planting of the thuja. Poplar is recommended to be planted outside the site, away from home.

Overview of coniferous ornamental trees

Evergreen and rather unpretentious conifers serve as an indispensable element of a garden of any design.

For small areas summer cottages Arizona fir with gray-blue needles (height up to 2 m) and balsam fir (dwarf variety) are suitable. For those who want to grow a big tree, Korean fir (up to 15 m) is suitable.

Korean fir Silverlock

Dwarf varieties, reaching a height of up to 3 m, have Atlas cedar and Himalayan cedar. From krupnomer the Siberian cedar (cedar pine) enjoys deserved popularity. It grows slowly, but reaches a very impressive size.

Siberian cedar (cedar pine)

Larch and spruce often adorn country houses with a large plot of land. There are varieties of standard larch with a height of no more than 2.5 m with a spherical or weeping crown. Varieties of weeping larch look very impressive: European dwarf variety Repens up to 1.5 m high with branches almost creeping along the ground and Japanese variety Pendula up to 7 m high with delicate green-blue needles.

Japanese Larch Pendula

Dwarf forms of spruce can reach a height of 2 - 2.5 m, which, with slow growth, become acceptable in areas of any size. There are a lot of varieties of dwarf spruce with a variety of needle colors and crown shapes. The most beautiful and original look blue firs effectively standing out from the rest of the vegetation.

Spruce blue Hupsi

From coniferous shrubs having a different crown shape, yew and juniper can be noted. In the landscape design of private plots use dwarf species juniper with different colors of needles (from dark green to silver-blue) up to 8 m high.

Terms of planting trees and buying seedlings

It is difficult to unequivocally answer the question of when it is better to plant trees. It depends on the weather conditions and the specific culture. Optimal time planting fruit trees from the pome group is late autumn, and for heat-loving stone fruit crops, it is better to plant in early spring. The preferred age of seedlings is 2 years, but for vigorous crops (pear, cherry) it is better to use annual seedlings. Negative side annual seedlings have an unformed crown, but they get sick less during transplantation and take root faster.

Majority ornamental crops planted in spring. Moreover, the strict framework “before bud break” applies only to seedlings with an open root system. Planting material with a closed root system (in pots or bags) is suitable for planting throughout the spring and even summer, but it is more expensive.

When purchasing seedlings at specialized exhibitions and fairs, you need to pay attention to the following points:

• in what form they are sold: seedlings with open and dried roots have little chance of taking root on the site; good material packed in bags with a small lump of moist earth;
• the state of the root system: the roots should be even (without thickening), elastic and without signs of peeling;
• crown condition: buds should be swollen, but not blooming;
• bole height: for fruit 2-year-old seedlings about 50 cm;

It is recommended to buy planting material in nurseries that are in each region. Only there you can be sure of the quality of seedlings and choose plants adapted to a particular area. Varieties of fruit trees for the Moscow region and the entire central strip of Russia are grown in the Michurinsky fruit nursery.

How to choose the best fruit tree varieties and bushes for the Moscow region. The Moscow region is divided into three agro-climatic regions according to heat, moisture supply, terrain and soil type.

The first agro-climatic region includes the following regions: Taldomsky, Dmitrovsky, Zagorsky, Lotoshinsky, Shakhovskoy, Volokolamsky, Klinsky, Mozhaysky, Ruzsky and the western part of Solnechnogorsky, Istrinsky, Odintsovsky and Naro-Fominsky.

The second agro-climatic region includes the central part of the Moscow region. According to the type of soil cover, this area is divided into two sub-areas:

With loamy soils - this includes such administrative districts as Pushkinsky, Mytishchinsky, Shchelkovsky, Balashikhinsky, Krasnogorsky, Khimki, Luberetsky, Ramensky, Voskresensky, Leninsky, Podolsky, Chekhov, Serpukhovsky, Stupinsky and the eastern part of Solnechnogorsky, Istrinsky, Odintsovsky and Naro-Fominsky :

With sandy and sandy loamy soils - this includes the Noginsky, Pavlovo-Posadsky, Orekhovo-Zuevsky, Shatursky administrative districts, most of the Yegoryevsky and insignificant - Voskresensky and Ramensky (left bank of the Moscow River) districts.

The third agro-climatic region is the warmest; it occupies the southeastern part of the Moscow region; here are the following administrative districts: Kashirsky, Lukhovitsky, Kolomensky, Zaraisky, Serebryano-Prudsky and a small southeastern part of Yegoryevsky.

The best varieties of fruit trees and shrubs in three agro-climatic regions of the Moscow region

The condition of fruit crops in each of these areas will be different after severe winters. The growth, development and longevity of the same variety in each of these areas will also be different. Therefore, when zoning fruit crops, each variety is considered taking into account the requirements of the variety itself and the agro-climatic conditions of the area.

For berry crops, the zoning of varieties within the region is not essential, since they all winter well with a large snow cover.

The area of ​​a large garden is never equal in its relief, i.e. it has low and high areas. Even under the most favorable growing conditions, fruit trees of the same variety growing in different places garden, after a harsh winter will be unevenly damaged. For example, the Melba and Pepin saffron cultivars were severely frozen in the lowlands during a severe winter and were not damaged in the elevated areas.

This circumstance must certainly be taken into account when selecting varieties, and when placing fruit trees in the garden.

Not always the garden is located in conditions suitable for the optimal growth and development of such basic crops as apple, cherry, strawberry. And even in difficult conditions of location and poor soil, the gardener has the opportunity, by selecting breeds, changing agricultural technology, to grow on his own personal plot some berry plants. So, currants, actinidia, lingonberries, rose hips, lemongrass, blueberries, walnuts, etc. can be cultivated in the forest area. In conditions where apple and pear fruit crops are subject to severe freezing at the snow level, it is necessary to use highly winter-resistant skeleton formers. In this case, apple and pear varieties grafted into their crowns give more guaranteed yields than when growing ordinary trees.

Finally, in particularly warm and sheltered places, gardeners can successfully grow grapes and apricots, though not every year getting a harvest. But for a true gardener, this is not the main thing, especially if it is known that even in the south of the country an apricot does not produce ten crops in ten years.

Currently, there is a large set of crops and varieties of fruit and berry plants, which, with a skillful combination and proper agricultural technology, make it possible, from mid-June to the end of October, in the conditions of the Moscow Region, to have fresh fruits and berries, and winter varieties apples (at correct mode storage) - from October to May next year.

The census of orchards (1970) in the Moscow region gave very interesting data on the varietal set for the main crop - the apple tree. It turned out that in industrial gardens there are 16.6% of trees of summer ripening, 36.7% of autumn, 36.4% of winter and 9.9% of late winter. Apples can be stored and used fresh for summer consumption of 5-30 days, autumn - 60-75, winter - up to 120 and late winter - up to 200 days. Approximately the same set of apple trees in the orchards.

Based on daily allowance consumption of apples, then the number of trees with various terms maturation should be calculated for backyard garden as follows: out of ten trees, one tree should be summer ripening, two - autumn, three - winter and four - late winter. And of course, in order to preserve apples of winter and late winter varieties, appropriate cellars, cellars or other frost-proof winter time premises with the most favorable regime for preserved varieties.

All of the varieties listed below are widely propagated in the nurseries of the Moscow region (Tables 1-4).

Table 1. Apple varieties for the Moscow region

Apple variety	Ripening period
		III in the southeast	II in the center	I in the northwest
Melba	summer	seedling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Breading	summer	seedling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Mantet	summer	seedling	seedling	seedling
Ottawa-272	summer	seedling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Shtreifling	autumn	seedling	seedling	seedling
Bessemyanka Michurinskaya	autumn	seedling	seedling	seedling
cinnamon striped	autumn	seedling	seedling	seedling
Dessert Petrova	autumn	seedling	seedling	seedling
Melba red	autumn	seedling	crown grafting	crown grafting
autumn joy	autumn	seedling	seedling	seedling
Strayfling red	autumn	seedling	seedling	seedling
Antonovka ordinary	winter	seedling	seedling	seedling
cinnamon new	winter	seedling	seedling	seedling
Welsey	winter	seedling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Pepin saffron	winter	seedling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Slava Michurinsk	winter	seedling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Knight	winter	seedling	seedling	crown grafting
Lighthouse	late winter	seedling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Lobo	late winter	seedling	seedling	seedling
Star	late winter	seedling	crown grafting	crown grafting
Sunrise	late winter	seedling	seedling	crown grafting
northern synapse	late winter	seedling	seedling	crown grafting
saffron	late winter	seedling	seedling	crown grafting

Table 2. Cherry varieties for the Moscow region

cherry variety	Ripening period	Growing and growing conditions for agro-climatic regions
		III in the southeast	II in the center	I in the northwest
Crimson	early	seedling	seedling*	seedling*
Vladimir-sky	middle	seedling	seedling	seedling*
Griot of Moscow	middle	seedling	seedling*	seedling*
Change	middle	seedling	seedling*	seedling*
Vole	middle	seedling	seedling	seedling
Consumer goods black	middle	seedling	seedling*	landing is impractical
Lyubskaya	late	seedling	seedling*	landing is impractical
Shubinka	late	seedling	seedling	seedling*

* - Only in favorable places, i.e. sheltered site, southern or southwestern slope, fertile soils, good water and air drainage, etc.

Table 3 Pear varieties for the Moscow region

Julienne	Ripening period	Growing and growing conditions for agro-climatic regions
		III in the southeast	II in the center	I in the northwest
Besse-myanka	middle	seedling	seedling	landing is impractical
Favorite Yakovlev	middle	seedling	crown grafting	landing is impractical
Outfit Efimova	middle	seedling	crown grafting	landing is impractical
autumn bergamot	middle	seedling	seedling	landing is impractical
Venus	middle	seedling	crown grafting	landing is impractical
northerner	middle	seedling	crown grafting	landing is impractical
thin branch	early	seedling	seedling	landing is impractical

Table 4 Plum varieties for the Moscow region

Plum variety	Ripening period	Growing and growing conditions for agro-climatic regions
		III in the southeast	II in the center	I in the northwest
Hungarian Moscow	middle	seedling	seedling	landing is impractical
Tula black	middle	seedling	seedling	landing is impractical
Memory of Timiryazev	middle	seedling	landing is impractical	landing is impractical
Early maturing red	middle	seedling	seedling	landing is impractical
Fast-growing	middle	seedling	seedling	landing is impractical
Spark	early-late	seedling	landing is impractical	landing is impractical
Record	late	seedling	landing is impractical	landing is impractical

Early currant varieties: Memory Michurin, Dove, Black Lisavenko, Exhibition, Elegant, Altai dessert, Early sweet (white); medium: Leah fertile, Stakhanovka Altai, Bradthorpe, Dutch red, Chulkovskaya (red) and Pobeda late variety.

Early varieties of gooseberries: Moscow red, Pink; medium: Russian, Smena, Kolkhozny, Krasnaya Zarya; later: Date, Lada, Finnish I.

Medium raspberry varieties: Novosti, Kuzmina, Newburg, Kaliningradskaya, Kostinbrodskaya; mid-late variety Ottawa and late variety Latham.

Early strawberry varieties: Beauty Zagorya, Granddaughter, Early Makherauha, Dawn, Early Leningradskaya; medium: Festival, Komsomolskaya Pravda, Ideas, Purple, Redcoat; later: Talisman, Zenga Zengana.

Choosing a New Variety of Fruit Trees for Your Garden

Interest in new varieties usually appears after the garden is planted and yields, when it is already possible to judge this or that variety by comparing it with the one in the garden. However, this does not mean that new variety can grow well in a particular garden, it is important how he behaves in the conditions of this garden. For comparison, of course, only the most winter-hardy varieties. If the new variety is equal in winter hardiness to Moscow Grushovka, Shtreifling or Antonovka ordinary, then it can be planted in the garden; if it is less winter-hardy than Pepin saffron, Melba or Welsey (which, for example, grow in the garden), then it is not advisable to plant a new variety in the garden. It is more reliable to grow it after grafting into the skeleton of any resistant variety. We advise you to be guided by the same considerations when choosing new varieties of other crops.

Experienced gardeners who long years engaged in gardening, they themselves bring out new varieties. Receive hybrid seeds pretty easy for experienced gardener, but it is not easy to select the best, the most resistant to diseases and pests, the most winter-hardy and the most high-yielding plant from a large mass of plants.

A serious difficulty lies in the objectivity of evaluating your offspring. As a rule, the gardener does not have the best varieties on the control, as well as the required number of plants to obtain reliable data. Therefore, the variety he created; that has not passed due competitive variety testing, is not readable by new specialists and is not recommended for widespread. But if the variety passes the study and turns out to be the best in terms of a set of characteristics, then it receives citizenship rights for a certain area.

These gardening features should not be forgotten if you are going to breed a new variety.

Productivity of fruit trees and shrubs

Starting from July, the garden is literally littered with fruits and berries. There's nothing to be done here. Seasonality in gardening is seasonality. We will be ready for such a pleasant and at the same time laborious annual inevitability.

For harvesting fruits, you can use, firstly, home canning. This method of storing fruits is now becoming more and more fans. It is simple, cheap, convenient and, moreover, fascinating. In practice, 3-4 times less sugar is required than for jam, less time is spent; the taste and dietary qualities of canned fruits are extremely high, and in winter and spring, such fruits are an indispensable third dish on our table. For home canning you need a seamer, glass jars and lids. Fruits and berries can be processed into juices. For this purpose, a press is used, but you can use a juicer, a juicer.

Secondly, storage facilities must be prepared for winter consumption apples.

To do this, it would be good to know the ripening dates of apple trees planted in the garden, and for this, write down or indicate on the site plan all the varieties planted. The variety of an adult apple tree can be determined by formal features, for example, the fruits are “... large, slightly greenish, with stripes, very tasty” - an apple variety with this characteristic is called Dessert Petrova.

We also recommend that you record and mark on the site plan at what age the trees, what and when fertilizers were applied, in what doses, with what poisons, when and in what terms pest control was carried out, what crops the trees and shrubs bring, etc. For example, lime is supposed to be applied once every 8-10 years. Has lime been applied immediately under the entire garden and where exactly does the boundary of the unlimed area pass. Likewise with ash. Usually it is accumulated a little, and ash has to be added to separate areas as it accumulates. And it is better to mark on the plan exactly which areas it was applied to and which areas were not fertilized at all.

Or, for example, when planting trees, only some planting pits are filled with full norms of organo-mineral fertilizers, and the rest of the pits are filled with one peat mixed with soil. After two or three years, it becomes possible to supplement peat with manure and mineral salts by focal (according to the crown projection) application. And in this case, the notes or the plan will be very useful. We advise you to store all fertilizers and pesticides with a reliable label, under lock and key, where there is no access for children.

On the collection of fruits and berries

In the garden, it is important to successfully select varieties according to the ripening period and plant a reasonable number of plants in order to have time to harvest, take it home, and process it. If the berry or fruit hangs too long, they fall off.

For proper organization labor when picking fruits and berries, it makes sense to know how many (approximately) berries or fruits one person can pick per hour (Table 5). Depending on the yield, the speed of harvesting fruits and berries also changes.

Table 5 How many kg of berries or fruits can one person collect in an hour

For example, two adults per hour of gardening, with an average yield of crops such as apple and pear, can collect 70 kg of fruit, and strawberries up to 10 kg.

“For this hell, for this nonsense, send me a garden for my old age.” But in order to meet old age in a beautiful orchard, you need to plant it now. In this article, we will tell you which trees to plant on the site, how to place them correctly and how FORUMHOUSE participants do it.

• At what distance to plant fruit trees and shrubs.
• Where to plant non-self-pollinated plants.
• How fruit crops depend on the sun and wind.
• On what slopes to plant fruit trees.

Distance between plants

According to science, an orchard is set up in a place protected from the wind and well lit by the sun, ideally if the plants are spacious.

Large-sized apple trees are planted at a distance of 6-15 meters from each other, standard cherries and plums - 1.5-3 meters.

In this photo, the distance between the trees is 5 meters.

To properly position garden plantings, it is necessary to observe the distance not only between plants, but also between plants and the neighboring plot. For trees in an orchard, it is usually half the row spacing. If the row spacing is six meters, then the distance to the border with the neighboring plot is three meters. Fruit bushes are allowed to be planted at a distance of 70-80 cm. In order not to make a mistake with planting, it is better to first draw a garden plan.

But in reality, there are not so many huge plots with unlimited resources for planting large-sized apple trees, so no one can withstand a distance of 15 meters between each tree. In practice, it turns out that for successful cultivation, adhere to this condition when planting planting material and optional.

Palyonka Member of FORUMHOUSE

In practice, it is necessary to plant 5 m apart, if you estimate that each will have a crown measuring 2.5 meters in diameter. But whether your specific garden plots allow you to arrange the plants in this way is another question.

When planting fruit trees and shrubs in the garden on your site, you can focus on our table.

At what distance is it better to arrange fruit crops on garden plot

Plant	Distance between plants (m)	Distance between rows (m)
Apple tree, pear
Cherry, plum		2,5-3,0/3,0
Currant, gooseberry
Raspberries
Japonica
Sea buckthorn

Tall pears and apple trees on a seed rootstock are planted according to the 5x5 scheme (at a distance of at least 5 meters in a row and 5-6 between rows), medium-sized apple trees according to the 4X4 scheme, semi-dwarfs according to the 3X3 scheme.

Raspberries can be divided into two parts, leaving a fence between them no more than a meter wide: in one, plant common varieties, in the other - repairing. They bear fruit at different times, and their agricultural techniques are different.

It will be optimal to plant trees and shrubs in the garden in a checkerboard pattern, especially if you set up a garden in the "roadside" part of the garden and want to hide the house or recreation area from the views of neighbors. By the way, green spaces reduce the noise level, this property must be used.

Andrey Vasiliev, consultant of the section " orchard"on FORUMHOUSE, he plants plums and bush cherries on the site at a distance of three meters between the trees. Currant and gooseberry bushes - at a distance of 1-1.5 meters from one another, a meter is not enough.

Andrey Vasiliev Consultant of the "Orchard" section on FORUMHOUSE

You can also plant between the trees, while they grow, the berry bearer is already bearing fruit, and it will not be difficult to transfer (chopping off a part from the bush in the fall) if the variety is already very good.

The consultant of our portal recommends planting raspberries "separately, but not in the shade." And when planting honeysuckle, he advises not to forget that her bushes grow quite large - two meters in diameter and the same height, and place them on the site, taking into account these sizes.

Another important point that must be considered when planting fruit plants in the garden is whether they are self-pollinated or not. If not, it is necessary to add to the planting plan and be sure to plant a plant of a different variety nearby.

SB3 Member FORUMHOUSE

We plant a self-pollinated cherry with the name Y and next to it the same one with the name Z. If the Y cherry is alone next to the pears, there will be no berries.

toliam1 FORUMHOUSE Consultant

It is better to plant fruit trees in the form of a “tree-garden”, when there are several mutually pollinated varieties on one trunk.

And single-varietal breeds are best grouped by breed so that there is the possibility of cross-pollination.

Sun, wind and shadow

Shading for fruit trees is undesirable; on the site they should be maximally illuminated by the sun from morning to evening. If a gardener still has to plant a tree in partial shade, let it be a pear. A pear is the tallest fruit plant, there are practically no pears on a dwarf rootstock, therefore, no matter how much attention you pay to it, no matter how you cut it, it will grow 5-6 meters high. Therefore, it is not scary if a pear is planted next to a bathhouse, another outbuilding, and for half a day it turns out to be its shadow. In five or six years, this large tree will grow taller than the tallest building on the plot.

Fruit trees on the site are covered from the prevailing winter winds (building, fence, etc.). It is easy to determine which direction of the wind will prevail in winter - see which side of the house has less snow (sometimes it is swept literally to the ground). If there is little snow from the east, then the wind blows mainly from the west in winter, and so on.

Andrey Vasiliev

All tall - to the north, all the most tender - in best places under cover from the prevailing winds in winter.

It is better to plant a plum exactly where all the snow is blown out by strong winds. The plum has a tendency to decay and does not tolerate places where snow accumulates; where even a small snowdrift sweeps, a little more than 40 cm, the plum will not grow.

ground water

Fruit trees do not grow well in areas with close groundwater. For successful growth and development, apple and pear trees need a plot with a groundwater level of two meters, and preferably further. In suburban areas with close groundwater, these trees with large roots do not grow for more than 10 years and do not have time to form a large crown. Therefore, if there is no other way out, they can be planted close to each other (2 meters) and renewed in turn every 10 years. There is no other way to grow normal trees and get good enough fruit yields from them.

In stone fruit breeds root systems do not go so deep into the depths, so they can be planted on suburban areas, where ground water are located at a depth of 1.5 m and further; in berry crops, the depth may be less.

Relief and landscape planning

The best for gardens are considered to be with a steepness of less than 8 °. In most regions, the southern, southwestern and southeastern slopes are considered the best for gardening, they always have more sun and higher air and soil temperatures. But this advantage can also turn into a disadvantage: it is warmer in such areas, so in spring the plants bloom on them earlier, often in the midst of spring frosts. For this reason, fruit crops should not be planted on the eastern slopes of the summer cottage: after a frost that catches flowering plants, on the eastern slope they thaw too quickly.

Experts advise setting up gardens in the middle part of the slope, because the winds always blow above and there is not enough moisture, while below, on the contrary, it is too wet and cold. In pits and hollows, where fog flows in the morning, gardens do not need to be laid out. The cold air that stagnates in them is harmful to plants, these places are especially dangerous during frosts.

Try to perceive the "comfort" of the garden not as if the trees were planted in the garden 5-10 years ago, and the garden can already be called a garden.

Astrakhan tomatoes ripen remarkably lying on the ground, but you should not repeat this experience in the Moscow region. Our tomatoes need support, support, a garter. My neighbors use all sorts of pegs, garters, loops, ready-made plant supports, and mesh fences. Each method of fixing the plant in an upright position has its own advantages and " side effects". I'll tell you how I place tomato bushes on trellises, and what comes of it.

Flies - a sign of unsanitary conditions and carriers infectious diseases hazardous to both humans and animals. People are constantly looking for ways to get rid of nasty insects. In this article, we will talk about the Zlobny TED brand, which specializes in fly protection products and knows a lot about them. The manufacturer has developed a specialized line of drugs to get rid of flying insects anywhere quickly, safely and without extra costs.

summer months- flowering time of hydrangeas. This beautiful deciduous shrub is luxuriously fragrant with flowers from June to September. Florists willingly use large inflorescences for wedding decors and bouquets. To admire the beauty flowering bush hydrangeas in your garden, you should take care of the proper conditions for it. Unfortunately, some hydrangeas do not bloom year after year, despite the care and efforts of gardeners. Why this happens, we will tell in the article.

Every summer resident knows that plants need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for full development. These are the three main macronutrients, the deficiency of which significantly affects appearance and yield of plants, and in advanced cases can lead to their death. But at the same time, not everyone understands the importance of other macro- and microelements for plant health. And they are important not only in themselves, but also for the effective absorption of the same nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Garden strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, are one of the early fragrant berries that summer generously endows us with. How we rejoice in this harvest! In order for the "berry boom" to repeat every year, we need to take care of the care of the berry bushes in the summer (after the end of fruiting). Bookmark flower buds, from which ovaries will form in spring, and berries in summer, begins approximately 30 days after the end of fruiting.

Spicy pickled watermelon is a savory snack for fatty meat. Watermelons and watermelon rinds have been pickled since time immemorial, but the process is laborious and time consuming. According to my recipe, it’s easy to cook pickled watermelon in 10 minutes, and a spicy snack will be ready by the evening. The watermelon marinated with spices and chili is stored in the refrigerator for several days. Be sure to keep the jar in the refrigerator, not only for the sake of preservation - chilled, this snack is just licking your fingers!

Among the variety of species and hybrids of philodendrons, there are many plants, both gigantic and compact. But not a single species competes in unpretentiousness with the main modest - blushing philodendron. True, his modesty does not concern the appearance of the plant. Reddening stems and cuttings, huge leaves, long shoots, forming, although very large, but also strikingly elegant silhouette, look very elegant. Philodendron blushing requires only one thing - at least minimal care.

Thick Chickpea Soup with Vegetables and Egg is an easy recipe for a hearty first course inspired by Oriental cuisine. Similar thick soups cooked in India, Morocco, countries South-East Asia. The tone is set by spices and seasonings - garlic, chili, ginger and a bouquet of spicy spices, which can be assembled to your liking. It is better to fry vegetables and spices in melted butter (ghee) or mix olive oil and butter, it's certainly not the same, but similar in taste.

Plum - well, who does not know her ?! She is loved by many gardeners. And all because it has an impressive list of varieties, surprises with excellent harvests, pleases with its diversity in terms of ripening and huge selection color, shape and taste of fruits. Yes, somewhere she feels better, somewhere worse, but almost no summer resident refuses to grow her on her plot. Today it can be found not only in the south, in middle lane, but also in the Urals, in Siberia.

Many ornamental and fruit crops, except for drought-resistant ones, suffer from the scorching sun, and conifers in the winter-spring period - from the sun's rays, enhanced by the reflection from the snow. In this article we will talk about a unique preparation for protecting plants from sunburn and droughts - Sunshet Agrosuccess. The problem is relevant for most regions of Russia. In February and early March, the sun's rays become more active, and the plants are not yet ready for new conditions.

“Each vegetable has its own time”, and each plant has its own optimal time for planting. Anyone who has experienced planting is well aware that the hot season for planting is spring and autumn. This is due to several factors: in spring, the plants have not yet started to grow rapidly, there is no sweltering heat, and precipitation often falls. However, no matter how hard we try, circumstances often develop in such a way that landings have to be carried out at the very height of summer.

Chile con carne translated from Spanish- chili with meat. This is a Texan and Mexican dish whose main ingredients are chili peppers and minced beef. In addition to the main products, there are onions, carrots, tomatoes, and beans. This red lentil chili recipe is delicious! The dish is fiery, burning, very satisfying and amazingly tasty! You can cook a large pot, arrange in containers and freeze - a whole week will be a delicious dinner.

Cucumber is one of the most beloved garden crops of our summer residents. However, not all and not always gardeners manage to get really good harvest. And although growing cucumbers requires regular attention and care, there is a little secret that will significantly increase their yield. It's about about pinching cucumbers. Why, how and when to pinch cucumbers, we will tell in the article. An important point The agricultural technique of cucumbers is their formation, or type of growth.

Now every gardener has the opportunity to grow absolutely environmentally friendly, healthy fruits and vegetables in own garden. The microbiological fertilizer Atlant will help in this. It contains helper bacteria that settle in the zone of the root system and begin to work for the benefit of the plant, allowing it to actively grow, stay healthy and give high yields. Usually, many microorganisms coexist around the root system of plants.

Summer is associated with beautiful flowers. Both in the garden and in the rooms you want to admire the luxurious inflorescences and touching flowers. And for this it is not at all necessary to use cut bouquets. In the range of the best indoor plants many beautiful flowering species. They are in the summer when they get the most bright lighting and the optimal duration of daylight hours, can outshine any bouquet. Short-lived or just annual crops look like living bouquets.

After receiving land for a cottage or dacha, the owners have a problem: what trees to plant on the site? This issue is the second most important after the capital buildings. An unsuccessful garden bed or flower bed can be on next year remake, and tree crops take a long time to develop, you may notice your mistake when the apple tree has already reached large sizes and bear fruit. Do not rush to the nursery, first of all, open the plan of the territory and mark the landing sites on it. When you are sure that everything is done correctly, you can purchase planting material.

What breeds to choose

Of course, any summer resident wants to have on the site all kinds of plants that exist in the world. You have to limit yourself.

The list of desired crops will be significantly reduced by the following conditions:

• climate;
• plot size;
• relief features;
• the soil;
• the ability to provide complex care.

The success of breeders allows you to grow exotic plants in the middle lane, but their possibilities are not unlimited. Palm trees in the open air in the Arctic will not grow, no matter how hard you try. First of all, pay attention to the species that have always grown in your area. If you want exotic novelties, contact your local nursery, experts will give you advice on which varieties can survive in your conditions. At the same time, keep in mind that rare breeds require careful care. Do you have enough time and energy to properly grow a capricious tree?

Features of the soil and relief also make their own adjustments. Not every tree can survive in a swamp, on a stone cliff covered with thin layer rocky ground, or on steep northern slopes. Ground waters are distinguished by great insidiousness. The seedling will take root perfectly, will grow for several years, but will die as soon as the roots grow to a wet layer. You can arrange good drainage, dig huge pits in rocky ground and fill them fertile soil- the tree will still feel bad. Think about whether these efforts are worth a bucket of fruit, maybe it would be right to plant other species, and buy a bucket of peaches on the market.

How many trees will fit on the plot

Any site is not unlimited and can accommodate a certain number of trees and tall shrubs. If you plant fruit crops too close together to save space, they will grow oppressed, often get sick and produce a poor harvest. Remember that trees should be planted at a distance of at least 5 m from one another, and between tall bushes must be at least 3 m.

On the small areas it would be correct to give preference to the columnar form. The crown of these trees has the appearance of a neat column, takes up little space and facilitates maintenance. Trees on dwarf rootstocks are very convenient. When harvesting from low plantations, you do not have to pretend to be a stuntman, trying to reach an apple hanging at a height of ten meters.

When calculating the number of trees of the same species, it should be taken into account that some species, such as cherries and sweet cherries, grow only in groups. If you do not really like these berries, do not plant one on the site. Cherry tree, it is better to completely abandon such plants. Some breeds such as Walnut, do not tolerate the neighborhood of other species and will oppress the apple trees and peaches planted around it.

When planting tall crops near the border of the site, you enter into legislative relations with your neighbors. A beautiful young linden in a few years will grow to 30 m, develop a lush crown and shade half of someone else's territory. If you want to have tall trees, plant them on the south side of the recreation and picnic area, where they will create a pleasant coolness in the summer heat.

Dwarf trees or shrubs up to 2 m high are suitable for hedges. When planting tall species, choose those that tolerate a haircut well, and you can always shorten them in accordance with the norms.

A good fence will come from the following shrubs:

• lilac;
• dwarf spruce.

The side facing the busy highway can also be fenced off with tall trees. A lush crown will protect the site from noise, dust and exhaust gases. In this place, it is not recommended to plant fruit crops or plants whose leaves and flowers you are going to use for medicinal purposes.

Even on the small plot Fruit trees are sure to grow. When laying a garden, an inexperienced summer resident may choose the wrong breed. As a result, the main area will be occupied by crops whose fruits you do not particularly need, and there will be little room for the most important fruits. Before buying seedlings, think, do you need 20 cherries? In a few years, they will give such a harvest that it will be enough for a whole microdistrict. If you want to grow berries for commercial purposes, then do it, but one family does not need so many fruits.

You have already defined . Now make a list of the breeds you want to plant. In the first line, mark the most reliable and necessary, for example. The next item will go to crops of lesser importance, and the list of plantings that can be dispensed with is closed. Also last, take trees that are poorly adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of your site. Purchases start from the top line and move down. In this way, you will correctly set up a garden that is guaranteed to provide you with the most necessary fruits.

If there is not enough space in the garden, but you want to grow different types apples or plums, use the graft. On one tree you will have branches with fruits of different varieties.

When space allows, you can experiment, try to grow exotic fruit trees. If you choose the right varieties and skillfully take care of the plantings, peaches will grow in the northern regions, and bananas and mangoes in the south. Only if you plant a plot with some rare crops, you risk being completely without a crop.

In any garden, it is desirable to have several varieties of the following crops:

• apple trees;
• mountain ash;

decorative landings

In the country, you can plant not only fruit trees, but also decorative species. Birch at the gate, mountain ash under the window, cypress alley will give the site individuality, create good mood. If the area allows, you can arrange a small forest with a barbecue, a fire for picnics. Strawberries will grow in an open clearing, in the shade -. If you want to plant mushrooms, keep in mind that each species loves its own tree. Butterflies and mushrooms grow well under Christmas trees, aspen and boletus - in deciduous forests.

When planting trees on the site, one should not forget about the safety of the owners and guests. Should not be grown poisonous plants. Breeds with fragile wood should be located away from houses and paths: when strong wind a large branch can break off and fall on a person or knock out a window. When planting trees near buildings, it must be taken into account that plants with strong roots destroy the foundation over time.

If you believe in horoscopes and folk omens, you can decorate the site in accordance with the magical recommendations. Sometimes these tips contradict each other. There is only one way out: trust your intuition. Hold a seedling in your hands, imagine it as a mature tree on your site and think about how you feel about it. It is believed that willow and willow have no place in the garden, they symbolize suffering and death. But if in your dreams a pond surrounded by these thickets is associated with happiness, romantic feelings, peace - create such a corner, plants will not bring you anything bad.

To decorate the landscape, you can dig up trees or shrubs growing in the nearest forest, or purchase specially bred ornamental species. From ordinary spruce, breeders have created many varieties with a wide variety of needle colors.

To create a design, you can use:

• acacia;
• larch;
• cypress;
• palm tree
• bird cherry;
• mountain ash;

How to plant trees

The best time to plant ornamental and stone fruit trees is early spring. It is desirable that the seedlings have not yet begun to produce leaves. Seed crops - apple, pear - should be planted in the fall. The age of the seedling is 1-2 years. Young trees tolerate transplanting more easily, take root quickly. It is advisable not to order trees from remote regions, but to purchase from a local nursery, then you will be sure that this species can live in your climate.

You brought seedlings, now you need to mark the holes. Try to place landings so that the most tall trees were on the north side of the garden, and dwarf ones - on the south, then everyone will have enough sun.

Each breed has its own subtleties of landing, but there are general rules.

1. The size of the hole should be such that the roots fit freely there.
2. At the bottom you need to pour sand or gravel for drainage.
3. When backfilling, first of all, the top fertile layer of soil is thrown onto the roots.
4. The grafting site should be a few centimeters above ground level.
5. The planted tree must be tied to a firmly fixed peg so that the wind does not sway it.

After planting, be attentive to the young tree. Shade it before rooting and keep the soil moist. It will be correct to add hydrogel to the soil when planting, it regulates soil moisture both in drought and during prolonged rains. Be sure to mulch the trunk circle, then loosening and weeding will not be required, and you will not disturb the finely located roots.

Output

In the summer cottage, first of all, you need to plant trees that grow well and bear fruit in your conditions. If there is not enough space for ornamental crops, you can make an apple or cherry alley, surround fruit crops recreation area. Exotic crops are best planted if there is free space and time for complex care.

When landing, you need to take into account. Some varieties do not set fruit at all if there is no tree of a similar type nearby. Cherries and sweet cherries alone will give a meager harvest. If you are afraid that you yourself will not be able to cope with this work, contact the specialists. A qualified team will properly green the site, you just have to take care of the plants and harvest.