Who does not know her, our native Ural mountain ash. In spring - in a lace wedding dress, and in summer - an openwork, fluffy, restless beauty, and in autumn - with red leaves and heavy scarlet clusters. Everyone has heard about the extraordinary usefulness of its berries. Only now not everyone even tries every year. We do not grow it in gardens, why, because you can find it in any forest. And somehow it is not customary to go to the forest for mountain ash. Yes, go and pick it in the forest! Here they are, berries, there are 10 buckets hanging right above your head, but try to get to them. They reached out to one brush, chewed - that's enough, you don't feel like it anymore - it's not sweet Victoria, you won't eat much. And in vain, where garden strawberries to rowan usefulness. Yes, and tasty mountain ash happens, it is worth hitting the frost, the bitterness of mountain ash turns into sweetness.

It is impossible to overestimate the usefulness of rowan berries. In medical practice, they are used for beriberi, for many types of liver and heart diseases. Juice from fresh berries is drunk with low acidity of gastric juice. If a mixture of equal parts of dried fruits of mountain ash and wild rose is steamed with boiling water, and then during the day you drink a glass of this infusion, no vitamin deficiency is terrible, you will meet spring as cheerful and energetic as you were in August, as if there was no debilitating winter. And if a person’s kidneys are sick, he needs to steam and drink a mixture of dried rowan fruits and its own flowers.

Rowan fruits contain sweet alcohol - sorbitol, which is prescribed for diabetics instead of sugar. Sorbic acid is the best food preservative today. Due to this, any berries and fruits can be preserved in rowan juice without sterilization and adding sugar.

How to grow rowan

Growing garden rowan is possible in the most severe climatic conditions, where other fruit and berry crops freeze out. When sown with seeds, the tree enters fruiting at the age of 6-7 years. Yields up to 80 or more kg per tree. root system rowan is quite interesting: most of the roots lie in the surface fertile layer up to 30 cm deep. Under the main part of the crown, up to 85 centimeters, only individual roots are buried. Many roots from a 200 cm strain grow horizontally, and then change their direction and, at the edge of the crown projection, go horizontally into the depth. The high winter hardiness of mountain ash is explained by the fact that in autumn all its species are among the first to shed their leaves and before frost its tissues have time to process all the organic substances obtained, because without leaves there is no photosynthesis, new organic matter is not formed in the cells.

Rowan is light-loving. When shaded, it is fragile and unproductive. Mountain ash loves moisture, but does not tolerate excessive waterlogging. But with a lack of moisture, the plant can shed its leaves even at the height of summer.

By the way, this wild-growing mountain ash has bitter, not very attractive berries. But there are enough cultural, garden varieties. Varieties of red rowan that are not inferior in usefulness to fruits and endurance and unpretentiousness to growing conditions.

The best varieties of mountain ash

SCARLET LARGE- one of the most valuable varieties of red mountain ash for intensive cultivation. The variety was obtained from pollination of mountain ash with an ordinary mixture of pollen from pear varieties, followed by crossing with Moravian mountain ash. The grade differs in high winter hardiness, resistance to frosts and illnesses. Fruiting begins 3-4 years after planting in the garden. Productivity is plentiful, fructifies annually. The harvest reaches 160 kg per tree. The flowers are larger than those of wild mountain ash, so there are 150-180 berries in one fruit shield. The fruits are large, 2.4 g each, scarlet red, very attractive, reminiscent of cherries in shape and size. The fruits are juicy, with a sour-sweet taste and slight astringency. The fruits ripen in September and hold well on the branch until the first frost. You can store them in a deep container in the cellar until February. The variety is prone to self-fertility, but the quality of the crop improves with mixed varietal plantings. The mountain ash ALAYA LARGE blooms on the 5-7th day after the flowering of the apple tree.

BEAD- a new variety of intensive type. The variety is characterized by complex resistance to extreme environmental factors: early spring thaws and sharp drops in temperature in the spring, as well as to pests and diseases. The tree is low, characterized by early fruiting and abundant yields. Better plants bear fruit in mixed varietal plantings (that is, it would be nice to plant 2 mountain ash of different varieties on the site). Fruits of the correct rounded shape, weighing up to 1 g or more, ripen at the end of August and are stored until December. The fruits do not have a tart taste typical of mountain ash and are distinguished by high vitamin content. The taste of fresh fruits resembles cranberries.

BURKA- the variety was obtained by I. V. Michurin. The tree is stunted, compact, height no more than 1.3-2 m, less winter-hardy, drought-resistant and disease-resistant than those described above. It bears fruit annually, begins fruiting 2-3 years after planting in the garden. The fruits are dark brown, opaque, ripen in September, the weight of the fruit is more than 1 g. The fruits keep well on the tree until frost, are transportable, lying, and can be stored until spring. BURKA grows on any soil, it does not tolerate only waterlogged ones.

DESSERT MICHURINA- one of the best rowan varieties obtained by I. V. Michurin, which is recommended for cultivation in our area. The tree is undersized, depending on the method of formation, it can grow as a bush, winter-hardy, productive. Fruits annually, abundantly, comes into fruiting for 2-3 years after planting. The fruits are consumed fresh, dried like raisins. In dried fruit compote, it gives it a spicy taste and unusual color, making the compote very vitamin. The fruits ripen very early - in early August, do not crumble, can be stored until January.

DAUGHTER CUBE- tree of average growth, very winter-hardy and drought-resistant. Productivity is high, annual. Disease resistant. Fruits weighing 1 g, bright orange, have very high taste qualities, astringency is completely absent. The use of fruits is universal both fresh and processed. Juice and rowan mashed with sugar are especially appreciated. The vitamin content of fruits is very high.

NEVEZHINSKAYA- a variety of mountain ash, belongs to the group of sweet mountain ash. Enough a big tree- 5-6 meters. It begins fruiting at 5-6 years. Up to 30 years of age, the yield increases gradually, the tree lives up to 45-60 years. The fruits are sweet and sour, with low astringency, weighing 0.5 g. The trees are resistant to adverse conditions, photophilous, prefer moist soils. Nevezhinskaya mountain ash is not a variety, but a whole population, so there are some deviations from the described properties.

SORBINCA- the growth of the tree is restrained, the harvest is plentiful, annual. The fruits are very large - up to 2.6 g, red, with a pleasant sweet and sour taste, the flesh is yellow, juicy, tender. Fresh fruits are stored for 2 months. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption and as pureed products. It is recommended to use the fruits for all types of processing: juices, fruit drinks, blends, compotes, jams, candy fillings.

TITANIUM- a tree of medium height, resistant to adverse factors and diseases. Fruiting begins 3 years after planting. The yield is annual, plentiful, in 25 years the harvest reaches 200 kg per tree. The fruits are large, 1.8-2 g, dark cherry, the taste is sweet and sour with a slight astringency. Fruits can be used not only for the preparation of sweet products, but also for seasonings for first courses and for making sauces.

Rowan has useful fruits, it is highly winter hardy, adapts well to adverse conditions, is decorative both during flowering and during fruiting. Despite the abundance of virtues, it is rarely seen in cities and in rural areas. However, in recent years, both amateur gardeners and professionals have become more interested in mountain ash, especially varieties with edible, sweet fruits. Unfortunately, many species, hybrids and varieties of mountain ash are still unknown to a wide range of admirers of this plant. We hope that this article will to some extent fill this gap.

ROWAN HAVE MANY VALUES
Mountain ash is very winter-hardy (with rare exceptions). In unfavorable years, when many fruit crops do not yield, it can act as an insurance crop.

Rowan tolerates well various soils(except for heavily saline), tolerates shading, can grow in the second tier of plantations and even in the undergrowth. (But if possible, it is better for her to allocate sunny areas with fertile drained soil). Rowan is indispensable in urban conditions, the plant tolerates air pollution well.

Most mountain ash is not only fruit, but also beautiful ornamental plants with a pyramidal, round, ovoid, umbrella or weeping crown shape, graceful leaves, multi-flowered inflorescences, bright red, orange, yellow, creamy and even white fruits.

HEALING PROPERTIES
Mountain ash is a natural concentrate of vitamins that are very important for humans. Its fruits contain a lot of P-active substances (1200–1700 mg%) and carotene (12–28 mg%). The seeds of its fruits are distinguished by a high content of vitamin E, and this is an active bio-antioxidant. It is known that northern crops, and mountain ash is no exception, have a very good balance of vitamins C, A, P and E. The interaction of vitamins E and A in its fruits ensures the stability of the body's immune system.

Rowan fruits contain a lot of sugars, organic acids with bactericidal properties, as well as calcium, iodine and especially iron (3-4 times more than in apples). They also contain sorbitol, a sugar substitute for diabetics, which has not been found anywhere else, except for seaweed. An important chemical component of its fruits is pectins, capable of gelling in the presence of sugars and organic acids.

The fruits of this plant stabilize fat, salt and cholesterol metabolism; help in the prevention of diseases caused by an increased background of radiation. They are used in multivitamin collections, as well as a diuretic, choleretic and hemostatic agent.

In addition, the fruits of mountain ash are an affordable raw material for the food and medical industries, a source of cheap carotene, sorbitol and a large group of vitamins.

BIOLOGICAL FEATURES
The range of the genus Rowan (Sorbus) captures almost all countries of the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. The genus is very extensive, represented by more than 100 species. One of the species - mountain ash granulosa (S.granulosa) grows on the island of Sumatra, in the tropical zone.

Currently, mountain ash is found in almost the entire territory of Russia. Its natural diversity is striking. There are many natural interspecific hybrids: Thuringian mountain ash (oakleaf) - a hybrid of aria mountain ash and common mountain ash; Finnish - a hybrid of mountain ash and mountain ash willow; broad-leaved - a hybrid of mountain ash aria and mountain ash bereki; hosta - a hybrid of rowan squat and mountain ash Muzho; hybrid - a hybrid of mountain ash ordinary and mountain ash intermediate.

The systematic commonality of mountain ash with representatives of the Pomoidea subfamily (Rozanny family) has led to many intergeneric hybrids: with quince, pear, shadberry, hawthorn and even with apple trees, many of which are Michurin heritage.

Despite the richness of species and hybrids in the wild flora, insufficient attention is currently paid to mountain ash. This is explained by the fact that fruit growing has historically developed in the south, while mountain ash has always been considered a northern breed. And yet this genus has always been and will be of great interest not only for fruit growing, but also for landscaping.

VARIETY OF SPECIES
The genus of mountain ash belongs to the Rose family and has 2 subgenera that differ in leaf type: real mountain ash with simple odd-pinnate leaves and mountain ash with simple, serrated-lobed and lobed leaves.

Representatives of the first group are Amur mountain ash, elderberry, bicolor, Kamchatka, Kashmir, beautiful, ordinary, Pozdnyakova's sorbocotoneaster, Tien Shan, etc. The second group includes English, Armenian, aria, glogovina (bereka), Greek, domestic, Caucasian, squat, sorbopyrus, Thuringian (oak), Finnish, hosta, broad-leaved and Japanese.

Representatives of the first contract are of the greatest production importance - i.e. real mountain ash, they are the ancestors of many cultivated varieties, their fruits are more valuable in terms of nutrition. Rowans of the second row have a decorative purpose rather than a fruit one.

Existing mountain ash differ significantly from each other. Let us dwell on the most interesting and unpretentious species and hybrids.

Very high (more than 10-15 m) - mountain ash bereka, beautiful and Finnish. But if, for example, a bereku through an insert (18–20 cm) of chokeberry is grafted onto an ordinary mountain ash, then it becomes compact and undersized, it starts bearing fruit 2 years earlier. High mountain ash (up to 10 m) - aria, Kamchatka and Thuringian; medium-sized (up to 6 m) - English, two-color, ordinary, broad-leaved and Japanese. Low-growing (up to 3 m) are Kene and Tien Shan mountain ash; dwarf (up to 1–2 m) - elderberry and squat.

The shape of the crown varies from pyramidal to spreading and weeping. Very beautiful, slender, pyramidal crown of mountain ash Kamchatka; ovoid - in English; spherical - in the Tien Shan; graceful, openwork, compact - in a squat.

Almost all mountain ash has large corymbose inflorescences, but there are exceptions. So, in the beautiful mountain ash and the hybrids Amelosorbus Jack (rowan x irga), sorbopyrus (mountain ash x pear) and sorbocotoneaster (mountain ash x cotoneaster), the inflorescence is a brush.

Leaves vary in size, shape and color. The original leaves of rowan bicolor, Kamchatka, bereki and Kene. So, at the bereka, the leaves are similar to the leaves of the Ginnala maple, in autumn they are pink-orange. Finnish mountain ash has yellow leaves in autumn, Kene and broad-leaved mountain ash have scarlet and red leaves.

Crimson-red fruits in English, squat, Tien Shan, Finnish and Japanese mountain ash; light red - in Kamchatka; orange-red - in elderberry, common, Thuringian and broad-leaved; orange - at the aria; yellowish-brown, turning blue when ripe - near the bereki; pink, turning blue when ripe - in the Canadian; cream or white - at Kene; rowan bicolor - different (cream, orange and red).

The fruits mainly ripen in late August-early September, in the rowan elderberry, bereka and Finnish - a little later. Finnish mountain ash is distinguished by high self-fertility. Almost all presented mountain ash fruits are edible, with the exception of Kamchatka mountain ash and the hybrid sorbocotoneaster Pozdnyakova.

Earlier than other mountain ash (2–3 years after planting), elderberry, Caucasian, Kene, squat and hosta come into fruition. In 4–6 years, English, bereka, two-color, Kashmir, ordinary, intermediate, sorbocotoneaster, Tien Shan, Finnish and Japanese begin to bear fruit. The most late-ripening - rowan aria, Kamchatka, sorbopyrus, Thuringian and broad-leaved.

Very high winter hardiness in rowan bicolor, Kamchatka, ordinary, intermediate, they tolerate frosts down to -45ºС. Insufficiently winter-hardy in central Russia, mountain ash Caucasian and Kene.
Among the rowans presented there are very interesting ones. For example, the name of mountain ash bereki - Sorbus torminalis - means "healing pain in the abdomen"; in addition, its fruits help patients with diabetes, improve metabolism. This mountain ash is popularly called "bear pear" and "medicinal mountain ash". For very beautiful, fine-grained, hard wood, bereka is also called "satin wood". The wood of this rowan is well polished, of very high quality, it is used in furniture production.

Mountain ash is beautiful - "baobab" among mountain ash, it is a powerful, tall tree. The leaf is huge, split, a bit like a Manchurian walnut leaf, its size reaches 30 cm.

The rowan hybrid morbocotoneaster Pozdnyakova is very effective in hedges; when grafted onto a stem, it forms an ideal spherical crown without pruning.

VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS
In addition to the previously listed species and natural hybrids of mountain ash, there are a number of varieties and hybrids bred by breeders.

I.V. Michurin was the first to obtain new varieties of mountain ash, which are still important both for horticulture and for breeding research. These are Burka, Pomegranate, Liqueur and Michurin dessert.

Burka
A complex hybrid of alpine sobaropka, mountain ash aria, mountain ash.
A distinctive feature of the variety is short stature (up to 2–3 m) and a compact crown. Good in intensive culture, comes into fruition for 2-3 years. Annual yield - up to 35 kg per plant. Fruits are medium to large, reddish-brown; the pulp is dense, sweet and sour, with a slightly perceptible taste of mountain ash. The amount of sugars is 7–10%. The taste is only slightly inferior to the Michurinskaya dessert variety. In storage, fruits can be stored for 3-4 months. The variety reproduces well with green cuttings.

Pomegranate
A hybrid of mountain ash and hawthorn. A tree 3-4 m high with a very decorative, openwork crown. Enters fruiting for 3-4 years. The yield per plant is 40-50 kg. The fruits are medium in size, faceted, dark red with a bluish bloom, sweet and sour with a taste of mountain ash. The sum of sugars is 5–8%. In storage, fruits can be stored for 4-5 months. From the fruits of this variety, good jam and excellent wine are obtained, they are very pleasant even when frozen. The variety is resistant to pests and diseases. Propagated fairly well by green cuttings.

Liquor
A hybrid of mountain ash and chokeberry. The variety is winter-hardy, the tree is medium-sized. Enters fruiting for 3-4 years. The fruits are almost black, sweet and sour, weighing up to 1.8 g. The sugar content is 9.6%. The fruits are good both fresh and processed. Unfortunately, this hybrid is practically lost and no one propagates it.

Michurinskaya Dessert
A hybrid of rowan liquor and medlar. The plant is stunted, comes into fruition for 2-3 years. The fruits ripen early, in late July-early August (10-14 days earlier than all known varieties). Fruiting is annual and plentiful. The fruits are quite large, dark red with a brown tint, onion-shaped, somewhat similar to medlar, smooth, with 5-6 distinct faces. The pulp is sweet and sour with original piquant astringency. The sugar content is 10–11%. In terms of taste, this variety surpasses all varieties of sweet-fruited mountain ash bred by Michurin. Requires quick cleaning, tk. when overripe, the presentation of the fruit is lost. The fruits are good both fresh and processed; when dried, they look like raisins. The variety is resistant to pests and diseases.

Subsequently, from the hybrid fund of I.V. Michurin, several varieties of mountain ash (Krasavitsa, Rubinovoe, Titan) were bred by A.S. Tikhonova.

Gorgeous
A hybrid of mountain ash and pear. The crown is slender, pyramidal. Large (up to 1 cm in diameter) fruits of yellow color, sweet and sour taste.

Ruby
A hybrid of mountain ash and pear. Fruits of a faceted form, dark red coloring, pleasant sweet taste. The sugar content is up to 9%. In central Russia, in some years it can freeze slightly.

Titanium
A hybrid of mountain ash, pear and red-leaved apple. One of the most reliable varieties resistant to adverse environmental factors. There are both short and tall forms. It starts fruiting at 2-3 years. The fruits are large (up to 2 g), dark cherry with a bluish bloom, very attractive. The pulp is intensely yellow, juicy, sweet and sour. Dried fruits are similar to raisins. The variety is very resistant to pests and diseases, it reproduces well by green cuttings.

The varieties of the breeder T.K. Poplavskaya are also quite well known.
Bead
The variety was obtained by selecting promising forms in the population. Differs in good adaptability, it is steady against spring and autumn frosts, wreckers and illnesses. The tree is medium. The variety begins to bear fruit for 3-4 years, is highly productive. Fruits of medium size, bright red, shiny. The pulp is juicy, without astringency, the taste resembles cranberries.

Sorbinka
The variety was obtained by selecting promising forms in the population. Highly productive, high yielding. The fruits are very large (up to 2.4 g), red, juicy, sweetish-sour, without bitterness, collected in very large corymbs (up to 300–400 g). The variety is disease resistant.

Of the popular varieties of mountain ash, the following should be noted.
Nevezhinskaya
Variety of folk selection (a variety of mountain ash, represented by many forms, the most common is Nevezhinskaya cube). Enters fruiting for 5-6 years, yield up to 100 kg per tree. Sometimes there is a periodicity of fruiting. Fruits are medium in size, elongated, five-sided, red. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour, without bitterness. The sugar content is 10–12%. Dessert variety.

Daughter of Kubova (Solar)
The variety is winter-hardy, resistant to soil and air drought, pests and diseases. The tree is medium. Productivity is high, fructifies annually. Enters fruiting for 3-4 years. The fruits are medium, very beautiful, bright orange. The pulp is tender, dessert taste, without signs of bitterness. From the fruits of this variety, delicious juice and jelly mashed with sugar are obtained.

Rowan is loved and revered by the Russian people. Our ancestors believed that lightning was hidden in the mountain ash - the weapon of the god Perun, and therefore it could protect a person from evil spirits. "Red rowan", "curly rowan", "rowan" are present in Russian folklore as a symbol of beauty, love and purity of feelings. The mountain ash was also revered as a symbol of fertility. Rowan wood was used in the construction of mills, for the manufacture of furniture, hoops for barrels were made from it, and the bark was used for tanning skins.

High quality processed products, the fruits can be used not only for the preparation of sweet products, but also as seasonings for first courses, as a component of various sauces. without exception - the prevention of beriberi, (do not overdo it), a general strengthening, immunostimulating effect. Here you can eat fresh, dried and canned berries (jelly, jam, syrups).

Rowan Kashmir

Rowan ordinary is familiar, perhaps, to every person. All of us in childhood at least once tried its bitter-sour red berries, which concentrated a huge amount of vitamins and other useful compounds. It has anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictive, astringent, mild diuretic and laxative, hypotensive effects.

The tree is about 3 m high. Young shoots of rowan Köhne are almost naked, red-brown, the foliage is odd-pinnate, 20 cm long, with 25 leaves. The flowers of the Koehne mountain ash are white, collected in corymbs, they look bright against the dark background of the foliage. This mountain ash is beautiful at the time of fruiting, when white, small, sour fruits develop without bitterness.

Decorative forms of rowan

stomach ulcer;

special taste

Fruits: Round, apple-shaped, orange to bright red, ripen in August-September

Crimson rowan

The fruits ripen in late August-September, edible, large, up to 3 cm in diameter, oblong or pear-shaped, greenish-yellow or red-brown. The pulp is mealy, with stony cells, like a pear. The taste is astringent, sweetish. There are a number of varieties and forms.​

Rowan - deciduous trees or shrubs with pinnate or simple leaves. It has long been widely used in fruit growing and landscaping, they are good honey plants. They bloom profusely in late spring and early summer, reaching their greatest attractiveness in autumn, when the foliage is painted in various shades of red and yellow, and the branches bend under the weight of bright fruits.

​Scarlet LARGE​

Flamicar syrup

Fresh and dried berries(cashmiriana Hedl) and Kene mountain ash (koehneana C.K.Schneid) are interesting in decorative terms, because their berries are white and “hold” well all winter. However, these plants do not represent medical value.

In traditional medicine, the fruits of mountain ash are recommended for use in beriberi and anemia, and folk healers use it in a wider range. It is believed that mountain ash treats gout, asthenia, hemorrhoids, glaucoma, whooping cough, gastritis, atherosclerosis, helps fight cancer, kidney and liver diseases. Berry syrup is used for rheumatism and urolithiasis. Juice promotes better healing of wounds, ulcers, as well as the elimination of warts.

They are planted in April or October in a mixture of leafy, soddy, humus soil and sand; during spring sowing, seedlings appear in May. Loves sunny places, but also tolerates shadow. Grows well in moist loamy soils. Rowan Köhne is winter-hardy in the middle lane, does not need shelter.

Varicose veins and thrombophlebitis.

Rowan house

Today there are many varieties of garden rowan, not only with multi-colored fruits, but also excellent in taste. The plant is frost-resistant: able to withstand temperatures down to -50 degrees. Easily tolerates wind, so mountain ash can be planted in open areas. In good light, the tree forms a beautiful powerful crown and gives a good harvest.

However, we will not offend our native mountain ash. This plant has rightfully migrated from forest edges to gardens and parks for a long time. Unpretentious, winter-hardy, elegant at any time of the year, pleasing with abundant harvests of medicinal berries. Berries of mountain ash are rich in vitamins A, C, P, group B, organic acids, compounds of potassium, phosphorus, iron. However, the strong astringent taste and bitterness, which do not disappear even after freezing or boiling, leave rowan berries in the category of medicines, not delicacies.

The species is quite winter-hardy, drought-resistant, almost unaffected by pests. Propagated by seeds. Widely used to create alleys, as well as fruit.

Most suitable for culture in central Russia

- meets the requirements of intensive culture, annual yield, plentiful, resistant to drought, diseases, endures negative temperature- 50°. The fruits are scarlet, large 2-2.4 g or more, reminiscent of Vladimirovskaya cherry in size. Good for making jams, compotes, fillings for sweets and more. It can also be used to enrich other processed products with vitamins. Tree of sustainable growth.​

Rowan intermediate

- with diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract.

In addition to those indicated, there are still a lot of mountain ash species traditionally zoned in Russia. Significant differences other than palatability berries, no between them.

Rowan hybrid

No less popular in folk medicine was the chokeberry, which has found its application in the treatment of hypertension and eye diseases.

Grows in the forest and forest-steppe zone of Russia, Siberia. It grows singly along forest edges, glades, river banks.

How to care for rowan

Healing rowan tea

Planting rowan

note

But rowan attracts birds, especially thrushes and waxwings. It is worth planting this tree near the house, even for the pleasure of admiring a flock of silver-pink waxwings in winter.

The fruits are used in the same way as the fruits of mountain ash. Fully ripened are usually quite sweet.

Top dressing rowan

rowan (Sorbus aucuparia)

RUBY

Vitamin collections of rowan fruits and other medicinal plants (rose hips, nettles, chamomile, valerian, peppermint, burdock, St. John's wort, sage, calendula, etc.) are presented in the pharmacy network in a wide range. They are used in the complex treatment of psoriasis, cardiovascular diseases, varicose veins veins, allergic conditions, cerebrovascular accidents, rheumatism.

• Fresh juice and dried fruit powder
• Chokeberry (chokeberry) has nothing to do with classic mountain ash and is called so "among the people" solely because of the external similarity of inflorescences and fruits. Mountain ash and chokeberry (one family - pink) are also far from each other, like tomato and tobacco (one family - nightshade).
• A valuable part of a useful plant is its mature fruits, which should be harvested after frost. It is at this time that they are less sour and bitter. Berries picked in summer can be frozen or dried for further use.
• Tree 11 m tall with alternate, unpaired leaves. Flowers in large corymbs. The fruits of common rowan are spherical, orange-red, and remain on the branches for a long time. It is frost-resistant, undemanding to the soil, but it reaches the best development on loose.

1 tsp, pour 1 tbsp. boiling water, insist 30-40 minutes. Drink 0.5 tbsp. 1-3 times a day as a multivitamin, tonic, as well as for allergic and other skin diseases.​

Rowan is usually planted in the spring before the buds swell (in March-April), in the fall - a month before frost.

Oddly enough, in my garden, birds first pounce on wild mountain ash and only then “remove” the sweet-fruited crop.

Rowan intermediate, or Swedish (Sorbus intermedia), grows in Northern Europe. Tree 10-20 m tall with an oval crown. The bark is smooth, grey. The leaves are entire, oblong-ovate, shallowly divided into lobes. In autumn they are painted in red tones.

. This species is widely distributed in nature, found throughout Europe, most of Siberia and Far East, grows in North Africa.​

- resistant to various adverse factors of growing conditions, the growth of the tree is restrained, the shape of the crown resembles the Pepin saffron apple variety.

The use of mountain ash in any form is contraindicated in pregnant women suffering from increased blood clotting with a tendency to form blood clots, with thrombophlebitis, gastritis with high acidity, with gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer. Before starting

Helps in the treatment of obesity and diabetes (for other folk remedies for diabetes, see this article).

Chokeberry "emigrated" to Russia (Altai) from North America and did well in these climatic conditions. However, it does not differ in particular cold resistance and its range does not go far to the north.

- A decoction of dried fruits is taken for constipation, migraine, hypertension, atherosclerosis, gastrointestinal diseases, rheumatism. To prepare it, you need to take two or three tables. tablespoons of raw materials, pour boiling water over it (500 ml), leave for half an hour, squeeze and drink ½ cup three to five times a day.

It has decorative forms: in the shape of the crown, the taste and color of the fruit, the coloring of the leaves, which are used with great success in green building.

Rowan tincture

The life expectancy of mountain ash is 100-150 years. The most productive mountain ash is 35-40 years old - it gives up to 100 kg. berries from a tree.

Multi-colored rowan

Blooms in late May - early June for 1-2 weeks. The flowers are white, collected in broad corymbose inflorescences. The fruits are round, up to 1 cm in diameter, orange-red, edible, ripen in August. It is poorly propagated by cuttings, propagated by seeds or grafting. Frost-resistant, fairly drought-resistant, tolerates air pollution.​

Tree 10-15 m tall, often large shrub. The leaves are large, openwork, pinnate, dark green, turning yellow, orange and red in autumn.

The fruits are above average, suitable for the preparation of dried products, in this case they resemble raisins and can be used as a component in dried fruit compotes. Economic efficiency all varieties of mountain ash are very high.

rowan treatment

Fruit decoction

Red rowan - vitamin clusters

Nevertheless, what is useful for chokeberry is also worth knowing, since this plant can get rid of many diseases. But we will talk about this in another article.​

- It is advisable to use juice and fresh berries for gastritis, colds, hypertension, hemorrhoids. Drink it fresh, 50-70 ml three times a day.

Decorative forms of mountain ash: Russian - similar to the main form, but with wider, larger leaves, large, edible fruits; pyramidal shape - with branches directed upwards and a narrow pyramidal crown; weeping form - with long, thin, drooping branches; Beisner - a charming form with pinnately lobed leaves, young red shoots; Fifeana - rowan with yellow fruits.

Mix 2 kg of berries (slightly frozen), 1 kg of sugar, 1 liter of water and vodka each, leave for 3 weeks. Drink a small glass 2 times a day before meals. This vitamin remedy will help the body withstand the invasion of infections and flu.

For plants of vigorous varieties, pits are dug 80 cm deep, 1 OOx 100 cm in size, at a distance of 5-8 m from each other; for low-growing varieties - 50 cm and 80x80 cm at a distance of 4-5 m. Fill with fertile soil mixed with 2-3 buckets of humus or peat, 200-300 g of superphosphate, 100-150 g of potassium salt. On acidic soil, 1 kg of lime is added to the nutrient mixture.

Gardeners have long paid attention to other types of mountain ash, differing in size, crown shape, taste and color of berries. In the forests of the temperate zone of China, the Kene mountain ash grows wild. She is distinguished White color berries, especially elegant against the background of orange-red autumn foliage.

Blooms in late May - early June for 1-2 weeks. Flowers small, shades Ivory, collected in large corymbose inflorescences. They have a rather strong unpleasant odor, reminiscent of the smell of fish.

DAUGHTER OF CUBE

, especially older people, should undergo a full examination by a therapist.

Finds the widest application in the treatment of diarrhea, lung diseases, fractures, arthritis and even paralysis.

Rowan

- Rowan berry combined with honey is an excellent remedy for gallstones. It is necessary to eat it every day for 1-2 months.

Pomegranate mountain ash is the result of crossing ordinary mountain ash with hawthorn. Tree 4 m high, with simple leaves, shiny, smooth, dark green, slightly pubescent. Fruits of mountain ash pomegranate the size of a cherry, sweet and sour, burgundy color. Winter-hardy. Excellent in alley and single plantings.

For the intestines

Plant plants 4-5 cm deeper than the level of the root collar, but without deepening the grafting site. The roots in the planting hole should not be bent and come into contact with fertilizers. The pit is covered with soil from the upper layer and rammed. After planting, the seedlings are watered (2-3 buckets of water) and the central conductor is shortened by 20-25 cm. side shoots, if any, are also cut so that they are not higher than the center conductor.​

Rowan mogovina grows in the south, in conditions Middle lane freezes. But in the southern regions of Russia, this type of mountain ash grows into a huge tree and produces very large, plum-sized fruits of bright crimson and purple colors.

Rowan hybrid (Sorbus x hybrida) is found in Scandinavia. This is a natural hybrid of mountain ash and mountain ash (Sorbus intermedia x Sorbus aucuparia).​

Rowan: benefit and harm

The fruits are bright, red-orange, juicy, up to 1 cm in diameter, ripen at the end of August, remain on the branches until the first frost and later.

- resistance to diseases and pests is high, the tree is very winter-hardy, early-growing, the yield is plentiful, annual, the fruits are bright orange in color, the taste is pleasant, sweet-sour, without the tart taste typical of mountain ash. It is used in fresh and processed form - jelly, juices, fruit drinks, jam, rowan fig, raw materials for the preparation of marshmallows, marmalade and other products. Tree growth is restrained.

We bring to your attention an article by the candidate of agricultural sciences T.K. Poplavskaya about the best varieties of mountain ash.

A decoction of rowan leaves

Scientific studies of the composition of berries explain

• - General strengthening infusion for anemia and beriberi: two teaspoons of fruits (dry or fresh) pour 400 ml of boiling water, let it brew until cool, then add honey or sugar to taste. It is recommended to take such an infusion 4 times a day, one hundred milliliters.
• Grows wildly in Central Europe and Scandinavia.
• Pass the rowan berries through a meat grinder, add sugar (1: 1). Take on T st.l. 3 times a day with water. This is a remedy for persistent constipation.
• Fact: rowan does not tolerate close occurrence groundwater (their level should not be higher than 1.5 m). with prolonged stagnation of water in the area, the roots are damaged, the bark supports. plants die.

Rowan: recipes

Finnish mountain ash differs from ordinary raspberry-colored fruits, which become transparent when ripe, like viburnum. Canadian mountain ash has pink berries that turn blue when ripe.

The tree is 10-15 m tall, in young specimens the crown is columnar or conical, becoming rounded with age. Leaves are pinnate at the base, in the middle and upper parts entire, lobed, rusty-brown in autumn. Blooms in late May - early June for about 2 weeks. The flowers are white, large, up to 2 cm in diameter, collected in corymbose inflorescences. The fruits ripen in September, rounded, up to 1,E cm in diameter, bright red, juicy, edible. It propagates well by seeds and cuttings.

Rowan ordinary - unpretentious plant. Propagated well by seeds, well propagated by cuttings. There are many decorative forms of this species. They differ in the shape of the crown (spreading, weeping, pyramidal), the color of the fruits and their taste, the color of the leaves (white-mottled, golden, etc.). Rowan ordinary can often be found on household plots, in gardens and parks, both in the form of single specimens and group plantings along paths, along the edges of tree plantations.​

BEAD

Fruits and berries have importance in human nutrition. Of greatest interest are those that contain a large amount of vitamins, trace elements and other substances that promote human health.​

Treat exudative diathesis (scrofula) in children, foot fungus.

what is rowan useful for

Rowan pomegranate from Michurin: video

Contraindications for use have not been identified. However, it should be noted that mountain ash has the ability to increase the acidity of the stomach, so it is not recommended to use it in very large quantities.

Intermediate mountain ash is sometimes confused with hybrid mountain ash, but this mountain ash does not have a complex leaf. The foliage is entire, oblong-ovate, shallow-lobed, 12 cm long, green above, grayish below, red in autumn. A low, slender tree with a decorative crown, silvery foliage and a smooth gray trunk. The flowers of rowan intermediate are white, about 1 cm in diameter, collected in corymbs. The fruits of rowan intermediate are orange-red.

rowan care

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Rowan: planting and care, types and varieties, photo.

Description of mountain ash

Rowan elderberry - a shrub up to 2 m high, especially good for small areas. Tien Shan mountain ash is distinguished by its compact size and graceful crown.

Caring for mountain ash is easy. Trunk croup-keep in order: weed, loosen. In grafted plants, root shoots and shoots developing below the grafting site are cut out. Only young specimens need watering, and even in hot dry periods. In autumn, trunk circles are covered with nutritious compost and rotted manure.

Types and varieties of mountain ash

Rowan house

The fruits of mountain ash are edible, but are very bitter. This disadvantage usually disappears after the first frost, then the berries become more palatable.

- annual yield, high, fruits of dessert taste, without a tart taste typical of mountain ash. This mountain ash is very good for confectionery production, for cooking fruit candy"Bead in sugar", as well as juices that can be used as cranberry for jelly, fruit drinks, as an acidifier in confectionery.

Rowan - one of the most valuable multivitamin crops

Infusion of leaves and fruits

- the presence in them of a number of active substances:

Rowan Köhne

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Rowan is a tall tree, so it must be planted along the border of the garden so that it does not obscure the site, for example, along the perimeter. Rowan can grow on any soil, but prefers fertile - light loam.

Rowan pomegranate from Michurin

Mountain ash

A year after planting in the spring, mountain ash is fed with nitrogen fertilizers, and in the fall, 40-50 g of superphosphate and 20-30 g of potassium salt are applied under each plant.

Sweet rowan

Rowan trees respond well to crown shaping. For this in early spring remove damaged over the winter and weak shoots. Excessively long shoots are shortened by removing the upper internode. With a significant deterioration in growth and fruiting, pruning up to 2-3 years of wood helps.

BURKA

Rowan intermediate

​: Its fruits serve as an excellent source of P-active substances, vitamin C, carotene, vitamin K, and also contain vitamins B2, E. Organic acids, pectins, sorbitol, carbohydrates accumulate in significant quantities in its fruits.

Mountain ash location

Vitamins.

​After the age of four months, do not restrict the movements of the child. Let him jerk his legs and arms to his own pleasure. This is necessary for proper physical development.

rowan care

Planting mountain ash: you need to plant mountain ash in autumn or spring. It is necessary to plant trees at a distance of not closer than 5 m to each other. After planting, rowan seedlings must be watered and the central conductor shortened, and next year - side shoots.

rowan breeding

Watch this video on YouTube

The soil around the seedling is loosened in early spring, then 4-5 times during the summer. Trunk circles are mulched with peat, manure, etc.

The use of mountain ash in landscape design

Although people have long wanted to make smart and healthy berries tastier, work on breeding sweet varieties of mountain ash long time did not give results. Since the 19th century, only varieties of national selection Nevezhinskaya and Moravskaya were known, with subspecies Kubovaya and Zheltaya. They can be called sweet-fruited rather conditionally, but the berries are less tart and more juicy than those of wild mountain ash. They were used mainly for making liqueurs and liqueurs.​

rowan partners

Mountain ash is subject to a fairly large number of various diseases, which are divided into leaf diseases ( powdery mildew, rust, brown and gray spots, scab, viral ring mosaic) and diseases of branches and trunks (various types of necrosis).

The famous Nevezhinsky mountain ash has fruits that are practically not bitter. It comes from the village of Nevezhino, Vladimir Region. Nevezhinsky mountain ash at the beginning of the last century was widely cultivated throughout Central Russia. Thanks to folk selection, a number of varieties have appeared. I.V. used them in his works. Michurin, crossing both with other types of mountain ash, and with pear, hawthorn, medlar.

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Rowan.

Rowan - general description

​- stunted tree(up to 2 m tall), the crown is compact, the yield is annual, plentiful, it begins fruiting in the 2-3rd year after planting in the garden. The tree is disease resistant. The fruits are dark in color, 1.3-1.4 g in size. They are especially good for processing. Compotes, jams have a specific pleasant aroma and a very beautiful appearance. The color of the product is dark ruby, very beautiful. Burka rowan juice blended with juice of other fruits, especially from apples, gives the product a piquancy of taste and attractiveness appearance. The color of the juice is ruby, sparkling. There is information about the presence in the fruits of mountain ash of eight essential amino acids, without which the normal functioning of the body is impossible. There is more vitamin C in the fruits of this crop than in the fruits of many varieties of apple, pear, cherry, and raspberry. Rowan has long been used for medicinal purposes. It is used in gerontological practice and in herbal medicine for diseases associated with an increased background of radiation. And what rowan juices, drinks, jams, compotes, jams, figs, marshmallows, marmalade can be prepared!

Rowan - types and places of growth

Bark of young shoots

Ascorbic acid ("C"), beta-carotene (provitamin "A") and vitamins of the "P" group are contained in rowan berries in an amount much greater than in known fruits and berries, which makes it possible to call mountain ash a natural multivitamin. The simultaneous content of high doses of "C" and "P" greatly enhances their antibiotic properties and inhibits the growth of pathological bacteria, viruses and microbes in the body, and beta-carotene helps to strengthen the immune system. In addition, "P" active substances actively restore the vascular-capillary system.

Inhalation for laryngitis with a nebulizer Laryngitis is a complex inflammatory process that seriously affects the mucous membrane of the larynx. Such a pathology develops ... Urticaria - when the body "burns with fire" Redness of the skin, itching, swelling - these are the main, but not all, signs of urticaria .... Is it possible to use heparin ointment during pregnancy? Heparin ointment is combined a good drug for external use, which includes benzocaine, heparin and benzyl nicotinate....​

Rowan - medicinal properties

Care comes down to removing shoots and shoots, as well as fertilizing, watering and loosening the soil, forming a crown and controlling diseases and pests. Since mountain ash starts to grow very early, top dressing and pruning of plantings should be carried out in more early dates. When pruning fruit-bearing trees, it is necessary to take into account the nature of fruiting. In varieties and types of mountain ash, fruiting on last year's growths, the shoots are slightly shortened, and the crown is thinned out. Rowan trees with weak growth are rejuvenated pruning on two-year-old wood to induce shoot growth.

Pictured from top to bottom: 1. Mountain ash. 2. Rowan hybrid.3. Rowan Monbeig.4. Rowan Kashmir. 5. Chinese mountain ash. 6. Rowan alder

In autumn, they are dug up by 10-15 cm, preventing damage to the roots, while at the same time closing up and organic fertilizers. Fruiting mountain ash responds well to watering during the growing season and 15-20 days before harvest. Without enough moisture, especially in the heat, the harvest will be poor.

Rowan - dosage forms

A breakthrough in the cultivation of mountain ash was made by the Russian biologist and breeder I.V. Michurin. As it turned out, mountain ash lends itself well to interspecific crossing, forming hybrid forms with chokeberry, hawthorn, medlar, pear and other “neighbors” in the pink family. Thus, numerous varieties of sweet and large-fruited mountain ash were obtained.

Rowan - traditional medicine recipes

As control measures, first of all, compliance with the conditions of agricultural technology should be mentioned. It is not recommended to plant rowan and juniper nearby, as they are affected by the same type of rust fungus. Affected leaves and branches are removed and burned. Autumn litter is also burned. Severely affected specimens are destroyed. To combat diseases and as a preventive measure, plantings are sprayed with fungicides.

​OUR REFERENCE​

GARNET

Rowan - contraindications

In Siberia, it is traditionally used to reduce libido, in Ukraine - as a sedative for increased excitability.

• Pectins.

Rowan is a low tree, the distribution area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich is very extensive and occupies more than one continent. Beneficial features fruits, inflorescences, leaves and bark of this plant have been known since antiquity. Today, the official treatment of mountain ash is enshrined in pharmacopoeial documents in Poland, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus. The answer to the question "what is useful mountain ash?" volume can be good book. However, for effective use This “natural pharmacy” should take into account that mountain ash is not “suitable” for everyone - contraindications have a serious basis and deserve careful study.

Health

Species are propagated by seeds, and forms by grafting on mountain ash. Excellent results can be obtained by using common hawthorn as a stock. Usually budding is carried out in July - with a sleeping eye. When breeding rowan seeds, crops are carried out in spring or autumn. Seeds are pre-soaked for 4 hours before stratification. Rowan seedlings grow quickly and in autumn they are already suitable for planting.

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Rowan treatment - folk and official medicine| Recipe for health

Rowan pruning - how to?

Pomegranate - the most common variety of sweet mountain ash. Forms a compact tree 4-5 m high, frost-resistant. The berries are dark red, with a sweet and sour taste without bitterness, but a little tart.

Types of mountain ash

From the 3rd year of life, it is useful to feed young plants with mineral fertilizers three times a season. First feeding complex fertilizer carried out in the spring, the second - in the middle of summer. At the end of summer-autumn, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied.

• The genus Rowan (Sorbus) from the family Rosaceae (Rosaceae) has about 100 species distributed in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. 40 species of mountain ash grow in Russia. scientific name the plant is the Latin name for one of the types of mountain ash. - the yield is plentiful, annual, the fruits are rather large 1.6-1.8 g or more, dark in color. The fruit ripens in early September. Excellent taste from the fruits of this variety jam, compotes, juices, especially cooked with other fruits in a blend.
• All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants. I.V. Michurina Leaves crushed into gruel
• More than 50% of pectins in rowan fruits are insoluble (protopectins). Being absorbents, these substances effectively restore the work of the entire digestive system, contribute to the detoxification of the body.
• The technology of growing material from seeds is simpler and more convenient than propagation by grafting. But with seed reproduction, it is necessary to take into account not only the variability of species, but also the late entry into the period of flowering and fruiting of plants. The genus includes 84 species growing in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.

During the period of crown formation, thickening branches with sharp forks should be removed from the tree. In a properly formed crown, there should be 6-10 well-placed main branches (including the central conductor). Before the mountain ash enters fruiting, pruning is usually reduced to a slight shortening of the shoots to the outer bud (to expand the crown). In the future, it depends on the nature of fruiting. In plants of varieties that bear fruit on last year's growths (Dessertnaya, Pomegranate, Burka), the branches are thinned out. and the rest are slightly shortened. If the tree has weak growth, the branches are cut to 2-3-year-old wood. In plants of varieties that bear fruit on various fruit formations (Beauty, Ruby), during the period of full fruiting, skeletal and semi-skeletal branches are shortened, and short fruit branches up to 6 cm long with annular annual scars are systematically thinned and rejuvenated.

Rowan chokeberry

Ruby - one of the most juicy and delicious. Juice is squeezed out easily, like from a blackberry. Dried berries resemble raisins.

By the way: Rowan wood is used for the manufacture of furniture, decorative items. The bark can be used as a tanning material. Rowan fruits serve as food for birds, they are good forage for livestock.

​OUR REFERENCE​

Useful substances of mountain ash ordinary (red-fruited)

DESSERT

Promising rowan varieties have been obtained that meet the requirements of intensive cultivation technologies. They are suitable for a more compact fit, because. have moderate growth. This creates the conditions for more successful fruit picking.​ Apply to open wounds, burns for disinfection and stimulation of healing. Amino acids.

• Rowan - a tree or tree-like shrub, dicotyledonous class, Rosaceae family. The plant is unpretentious, grows freely both in the wild (in the forests of the second tier), and in cultivated conditions. Main distribution areas: Eurasia, North Africa, America. Flower growers need to remember that mountain ash is not only a valuable fruit, but highly ornamental plant. Some species and varieties, having good winter hardiness, are perfect for use in fruit and ornamental horticulture in the northern regions of our country, where they have no equal in beauty.
• Trees or shrubs with various leaf shapes, widely used in park construction. Rowan is very effective in autumn, when the crown is decorated with colorful fruits, and the foliage is painted in yellow and crimson tones. It grows on different soils, but prefers nutrient-rich ones. The benefits of mountain ash
• Michurinskaya dessert - perhaps, it can really be called sweet. Low, sometimes even bushy, takes up little space on the site. Link

Rowan is a symbol of folk nature. It is unlikely that there will be a tree so beautiful in the autumn season - openwork leaves, bright healthy berries, an elegant crown ...

Many people imagine mountain ash as a tree with openwork leaves and bitter orange-red fruits. In fact, about 80 species and even more plant hybrids stand out. Their appearance, as well as their distribution area, is completely different. There are real giants - up to 25 meters, and small shrubs- 2 meters high. Fruit color can be burgundy, white, red, orange, yellow, cream, pink. Wild species are distinguished by the fact that their fruits are not bitter, but rather sweet.

The most famous varieties

There are many varieties whose berries are neither bitter nor tart. They are the result of selection or hybridization.

Nevezhinskaya

The most famous variety is Nevezhinskaya. A tree with sweet fruits was found near the village of Nevezhino. The variety is divided into several varieties:

• "Red" - has sweet fruits;
• "Kubovaya" - sweet and sour berries;
• "Yellow" - slightly fresh fruits.

A huge contribution to the increase in fruits and their improvement taste characteristics introduced by I. Michurin. He carried out work on crossing rowan with pear, mushumula, apple, chokeberry and achieved remarkable results. Thus, a huge number of varieties appeared.

Photo gallery

Titanium

The variety was bred by crossing the pollen of the red-leaved apple tree and pear. The result is a strong tree with dense foliage. The fruits are juicy, sweet and sour, up to 2 grams. The flesh is yellow, pinkish near the skin. The fruits are excellent for both processing and fresh consumption. The harvest in Russia is plentiful.

Liquor

A hybrid of chokeberry and mountain ash. The berries are very dark and sweet, large. Nowadays, the variety is not common.

Pomegranate

It turned out as a result of crossing blood-red hawthorn and ordinary mountain ash. Cherry-sized berries, dark red. An excellent option for all types of processing. The maximum yield per tree is 60 kg.

Dessert

Mountain ash "Dessert" reaches a height of 2 meters. The fruits are pentagonal, onion-shaped. Harvesting should be done immediately, otherwise the berries will lose their presentation. Berries are great for making compote, slightly tart, sweetish-sour.

Burka

This is a hybrid of ordinary mountain ash and alpine chokeberry. The tree is short and compact. The fruits are rich in vitamins, anthocyanins. Berries are optimally suited for processing.

Scarlet large

The result of crossing the pollen of pear and Moravian rowan. The content of vitamin C is very high in fruits. Fruiting occurs annually, plentiful.

Finnish

Such a mountain ash is somewhat reminiscent of an ordinary mountain ash. The only difference is the raspberry-colored fruits, which become transparent as they ripen. The culture is good because its berries are neither tart nor bitter.

Features of planting and care

Since varietal mountain ash is self-fertile, it is better to plant several varieties in the garden. You can graft several varieties into the crown of one plant. Seedlings should be chosen biennial.

Rowan is planted in pits 50-100 cm deep. Before that, 130 grams of potassium salt, 10 kg of humus and about half a kilogram of superphosphate are added to them. If the soils are acidic, they will have to be limed. Landing is carried out in spring or autumn.

The earth around the tree must be loosened. At the same time, one should not climb too deep, otherwise root shoots will form, and the mountain ash will stop growing. If this nevertheless happened, the growth should be cut out, then growth will resume.

Fertilization has a positive effect on the tree, but you should not get carried away with potash and nitrogen top dressing, otherwise the content of vitamin P in the fruits will decrease. Nitrogen top dressing is carried out in the spring, and potash - in the fall.

In dry times, mountain ash needs watering. With a lack of moisture, ovaries do not form. Also, the plant must be pruned if you see that the branches have thickened.

Harvest begins at the end of August. Hurry - the fruits of the tree quickly become unusable, moreover, birds can get ahead of you! To prevent this from happening, you can install it away from the elegant tree.

It is most convenient to cut berries with secateurs. Brushes should be cleaned of stalks only before drying, which takes place in ovens, dryers, and ventilated rooms.

Important! In dried form, the moisture content of the berries should be at least 18%.

decorative

Rowan is an ornamental tree in itself, but different varieties are used in different ways.

• Intermediate mountain ash - European species, characterized by orange-red fruits and whole leaves, lowered to the bottom. The tree is gas and drought resistant. Used to create alleys and groups throughout Russia;
• mountain ash Aria is distinguished by dryish orange-red berries and leaves that resemble alder. The tree lends itself perfectly to molding. Landed in the city;
• mountain ash is common throughout almost the entire territory of Russia. It is decorative in any season - raspberry-red leaves, flowers and fruits delight throughout the year. It is actively used in any plantings - from alleys to tapeworms;
• Alder-leaved mountain ash is perfect for decorative gardening. The shape of the crown is pyramidal. The tree is resistant to cold and shade tolerance;

• Ken. The shrub looks especially good in autumn. The leaves are purple, the fruits are white. The plant needs good lighting. Great option for single landings and in combination with other shrubs with red and yellow fruits;
• Elderberry mountain ash resembles elderberry, hence its name. The tree is unpretentious. Grows to medium size. Looks great in amateur gardens and is suitable for landscaping the city.

Mountain ash feels great in plantings with spruces, firs and pines, as well as with deciduous trees. They look great against the background of white willow, linden and ash. A combination with a wrinkled rose, maples, barberries, honeysuckle will be successful. As a hedge, rowan can become a backdrop for herbaceous perennials. By planting a mountain ash next to, you can give the garden an unusual look.

Forest rowan - exclusively useful plant . And the honey plant, and her wood is beautiful, and feeds the birds in winter, and she is good-looking.

One trouble: its fruits, although healing, are bitter. That is why they are considered of little value. But this is if you take a wild bird, an ordinary mountain ash.

Varietal - a completely different matter. It's about her.

Our common, ubiquitous red rowan belongs to the large botanical genus Sorbus. In turn, almost all modern cultivars trace their pedigree from this plant.

Rather, from its two varieties-sortotypes: Moravian ( Central Europe) and Nevezhinskaya (Eastern Europe).

Moravian rowan discovered in the Czech Republic in the 19th century and named after the region where it was found - Moravia. Its sweet fruits, 1 cm in diameter, made this variety interesting for breeders.

From it came, for example, the varieties Edulis, Bissneri and Concentra.

From two varieties-sortotypes of mountain ash - Moravian and Nevezhinsky - almost all modern cultivars trace their genealogy

Nevezhinsky clone was also found by chance - in a forest near the village of Nevezhino, Vladimir Region. Sweet, completely without bitterness, the fruits conquered the local peasants, who quickly figured out how to breed this mountain ash and sell seedlings to their neighbors.

And this also happened in the 19th century. So, almost simultaneously, in the two ends of Europe, nature gave man a sweet mountain ash instead of a bitter one.

Sometimes Nevezhinsky mountain ash is called "Nezhinsky". Everyone was confused by the wine merchant Fyodor Smirnov, who in the old days sold tincture on its fruits. Not wanting to reveal the secrets of the recipe to competitors, he deliberately threw out one syllable and called his product “Nezhinskaya”.

Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin was very interested in breeding varietal mountain ash. Many of the varieties he created today are either lost, or pollinated and lost their original characteristics, or are stored only in scientific collections. But those that have survived often become the basis for modern breeding work.

With strictly scientific point of view, calling the fruits of mountain ash "berries" is incorrect. The correct word is "apple". Fruits of the same type are formed by quince, apple and pear.

Titanium

This variety is one of the surviving Michurin creations.. It was created by complex crossing of mountain ash, pear and red-leaved apple tree.

Its characteristics:

1. Medium-sized tree (up to 5 meters) with a rounded sparse crown. The shoots are straight, the color of the bark is dull brown.
2. The leaves are glossy, dark green.
3. Inflorescences-shields of medium diameter, the color of the petals is white.
4. The fruits are slightly ribbed, rounded, weighing 1.2 grams. The skin is dark red, waxy. The pulp is yellow, sweet-sour, tart. The use is universal.

Variety Titan is frost- and drought-resistant, not affected by diseases.

Bead

Variety created candidate of agricultural sciences Tatyana Kirillovna Poplavskaya. Fanatically devoted to science, in the 70s of the XX century she was actively engaged in the search for and restoration of the lost Michurin varieties of mountain ash.

Bead - one of the first varieties that do not have a hint of astringency. It is a product of free pollination of Nevezhinsky mountain ash.

Characteristics and description of the variety:

1. A plant of restrained growth, 3 meters high. Shoots gray-brown, straight. According to various sources, it begins to bear fruit at 3 or 5 years of age.
2. The leaves are light green, toothed.
3. Inflorescences are large, with white flowers.
4. Fruits of the correct rounded shape, with red skin, weighing 1.2-1.9 grams. The flesh is creamy in color, with a hint of cranberry flavor, but without a strong acid. The purpose is universal. They ripen early, by the end of August.

Particularly valuable qualities of the variety- high resistance to extreme frosts, drought, diseases. The yield is high.

Liquor Michurina

One of the Michurin varieties, lost and restored. It has much in common with one of its "parents" - black chokeberry.

Characteristics garden variety rowan:

1. Srednerosly plant, about 5 meters, with a sparse oval crown. Sometimes found in shrub form. Gives strong annual growth (up to 30 cm).
2. The leaves are dark green, alternate, pinnate.
3. Beautiful dense inflorescences with a corymb diameter of 10 cm. The color of the petals is white-pink.
4. The fruits are dark purple, almost black, weighing 1 g, ripen in September, stored for a month. The taste is reminiscent of chokeberry - sweet, slightly astringent. Purpose - for the manufacture of liqueur-type wines, jams.

Variety benefits: high winter hardiness and moderate drought resistance. Flaw: fruits can be affected by rot.

Ruby

The Michurin variety was also lost, but found, propagated and transferred for variety testing by T.K. Poplavskaya. Like all old Michurin forms, this type of mountain ash has a slight astringency in taste.

Its characteristics:

1. A low tree, 3 meters in height, with a drooping crown. Skeletal branches are located almost at right angles, shoots are straight, with light brown covers.
2. The leaves are light green, with a finely serrated edge and a pubescent petiole.
3. The shield is not wide, the flowers are small, pinkish-white.
4. The fruits are rounded flattened, weighing 1.3 g. Ruby skin, yellow flesh. The taste is sweet and sour, slightly tart. The purpose of the fruits is for processing into juices, jellies, wines, liqueurs, kissels. Suitable for drying.

The plant is resistant to low temperatures.

The fruits of mountain ash of the Ruby variety can replace raisins after drying. To do this, you need to place them in a gauze bag and hang for a while by the battery.

Scarlet large

Variety bred by the Central Genetic Laboratory. Michurin (today the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants). An interesting, very spectacular plant, with really large fruits for red-fruited mountain ash.

Variety characteristics:

1. The height of the tree is 5 meters. Crown of medium density, broad pyramidal shape. Slightly pubescent straight shoots with gray-brown bark and many large lentils.
2. The leaves are dark green, with broadly lanceolate plates, shiny.
3. Broad corymbs with many flowers.
4. Fruits from 1.7 to 2.5 grams, slightly ribbed, juicy. The skin is scarlet, the taste is spicy, somewhat sour than other varieties, without bitterness. Appointment canteen and technical.

The variety is able to tolerate extreme frosts down to -50⁰С. Resistant to diseases and pests.

White, yellow and orange decorative varieties

In addition to the usual red and chokeberry, by the efforts of breeders varieties with yellow, orange and even white fruits have been bred able to decorate any garden.

For example, variety Yellow with thin flexible branches, which, with a plentiful harvest, bend to the ground. Rowan kvass, original fillings for pies, jams are obtained from its fruits.

Of the orange-fruited ones, it is very decorative. variety Ogonyok- one of the most heat-resistant and drought-resistant. As it ripens, it changes the color of the apples from yellow to fiery orange.

Rowan Daughter Cubovoy - a new variety, bred by spontaneous hybridization of Nevezhinsky Kubova. The fruits of this tree also have a bright orange color in the ripeness phase, and their taste is juicy, bright, sour-sweet, without a hint of bitterness or astringency.

Kubova herself also has orange fruits, but the yield is not so high. Kubovaya is a derivative form from Nevezhinsky mountain ash, created by folk selection. Its apples are slightly elongated, five-sided, with a very pleasant taste.

But white-fruited mountain ash, unfortunately, is not suitable for food. For example, Kene or White Swan varieties have very bitter fruits. However, their compactness and high decorativeness allows you to create interesting game flowers among other rowans.

Combining in plantings, for example, high Scarlet large, delicate Yellow and miniature White Swan, you can get a combination of utility and beauty.

All varietal mountain ash is self-sterile. To get a quality crop from them, you need to plant several different varieties or graft them into the crown of one tree.