How to make building blocks for building a house. Various DIY building blocks

Building blocks are a common material for the construction of structures for various purposes. They differ in size, constituent components, manufacturing method, but all are popular wall constructive material. Building blocks are made in industrial settings, concrete products and cinder blocks are also made in the household, which requires a do-it-yourself building block production plant. According to the material of manufacture, these products are divided into the following types:

• cinder concrete;
• concrete;
• aerated concrete;
• fiber foam concrete;
• polystyrene concrete.

Cinder blocks as a building material

Cinder block refers to standard concrete products, only instead of heavy gravel and crushed stone, an aggregate in the form of waste slag is used. This replacement gives the material lightness compared to concrete and additional thermal insulation properties, since slag in terms of thermal conductivity compares favorably with heavy and dense crushed stone.

The production of cinder blocks provides for the exact dosage of components in the solution, namely:

• cement grade not lower than 400 or 500, one part (bucket) is taken;
• quarry sand, 3 parts (buckets) are kneaded;
• slag, burnt brick, expanded clay, this material is added in the amount of 5 parts (buckets);
• water.

To obtain cinder blocks of the same quality as in the factory, a solution of medium viscous consistency is used. A liquid solution will reduce the strength of the blocks, and a thick one will create uncontrolled voids inside when solidified.

concrete blocks

Building blocks made of cement, sand and gravel are used for the construction of wall and other structures, if increased strength is required. The ratio of components for standard concrete is taken in the ratio of 1:3:6, other options for the concrete mixture are described in the builder's reference books and depend on the brand of cement used, the size of the aggregate and the type of sand.

Construction sawdust blocks

For the construction of residential buildings, cottages, cottages, light and warm wall material is used from sawdust, sand and water. The binder in the solution is lime. The amount of material added to the solution changes the properties of the final product. An increase in the mass of sawdust leads to an increase in thermal insulation properties, but contributes to a decrease in strength. With an increase in the amount of sand in the solution, an increase in strength occurs, while the frost resistance limit increases, which increases the operational properties of the material. Blocks are widely used in private housing construction as cladding for insulation of structures.

The main advantages of the blocks are the availability of materials and low price, long service life without destruction, environmental friendliness of the material, ease of production. A do-it-yourself building block plant is available to manufacture and is popular among home craftsmen. Sawdust concrete is different increased time drying, so several through holes are made inside the product to improve air intake.

The dimensions of sawdust blocks are not strictly regulated, their width is taken as a multiple of the wall thickness. If we talk about standard sizes, then the blocks are made according to the double thickness of the brick (140 mm - 65x2 + 10 cm). In the manufacture of sawdust stones, dry components are first mixed, then water is added, mortar mixers are used for work.

Aerated concrete building blocks

Their preparation includes a complex process of saturating the solution with gases, which is difficult to reproduce at home. Aerated concrete building blocks are distinguished by their lightness, high soundproofing, heat-insulating properties.

Fiber foam concrete products for masonry

Fiber foam concrete is essentially an environmentally friendly wall material containing sand, foam and cement. High-tech machines for building blocks spray foam in the mass of the solution, it forms uniform closed particles of space. To increase the strength of the blocks, manufacturers apply polyamide fiber reinforcement throughout the mass. Such wall material is very durable, does not rot, light and durable.

Blocks of their fiber foam concrete are released various sizes. For bearing walls use 20x30x60 cm, which weighs 22 kg. To build a brick wall of the same size, 18 stones will be required, they will weigh 72 kg. Blocks of smaller thickness (10 cm) are used in the construction of walls inside the building, partitions, they are used to insulate ceilings and walls. The thermal conductivity of fiber foam concrete is 2.7 times less than that of brick and 2 times less than that of slag concrete and shell rock.

The large size of the blocks reduces the use of cement-sand mortar for masonry by 20 times compared to building a wall of small-sized stones. Fiber foam concrete does not burn, when exposed to high temperatures does not change shape and does not emit harmful impurities when heated.

Polystyrene concrete blocks

The material belongs to the next variety of lightweight wall concrete blocks. It differs from standard concrete in the best operational qualities and reducing production costs. The innovative wall material surpasses all known lightweight concretes in terms of weight, even foam concrete is one and a half times heavier than it. Thanks to this indicator, houses are built without the usual massive foundation, and the cost of transporting material is reduced.

The production of styrofoam blocks involves the careful mixing of cement, sand, styrofoam particles and special additives to retain air in the total mass. Other physical characteristics material put it a step above the usual materials. Low water absorption and vapor permeability make expanded polystyrene concrete resistant to repeated freezing and thawing, which affects the durability of the structures being constructed. After the construction of walls from standard materials, a slight shrinkage occurs during the year. In the case of polystyrene blocks, such a time is not expected.

Installation for the production of building blocks with your own hands

For the manufacture of building structures use a special device that works on the principle of a vibration processor.

Such a vibrating machine or a vibrating table is designed independently. A do-it-yourself installation for the production of building blocks significantly reduces the cost of the blocks, respectively, and the walls of the house.

Solution preparation

The solution is prepared from sand, cement, water and aggregate, which are used as various materials, as written above. To check the consistency of the solution for fluidity, a small amount is thrown onto the ground. A high-quality mixture does not spread in watery streams; when squeezed in a fist, it sticks together into a lump.

The production of cinder blocks involves a thorough cleaning of slag from foreign debris; chips and unburned parts of coal are not allowed to enter the solution. Sometimes gypsum is added to the solution. In this case, three parts of slag and one part of gypsum are mixed, water is simultaneously introduced. This mortar is quickly used as the plaster hardens in minutes. Pre-slag before kneading is soaked with water. To improve the quality of products at the outlet, modern plasticizer additives are added to the solution. Their action increases the frost resistance, water resistance and mechanical strength of the blocks.

Depending on the purpose, two types of concrete blocks are made - solid and hollow. The former are used for building durable structures, load-bearing walls, foundations. The second type of blocks is used as a partition material, it isolates well from cold and extraneous sounds.

Production of concrete blocks without a vibrating table

Of the two technologies, the use wooden form, which is intended for the natural spreading of the solution without vibration, is in constant demand. The placement of the solution in the prepared form is carried out in several stages. First, the container is filled with a third of the solution, after which the walls of the mold are carefully tapped around the perimeter with a hammer for high-quality shrinkage of the concrete solution. In the next two stages, the solution is poured according to the original technology until the mold is filled. The manufacture of building blocks with voids involves a technique when two plastic bottles with water, which, after setting, remove it.

Forms are left for 2-5 days to dry. Then the blocks are carefully removed from the collapsible structure and laid out on pallets until completely dry. with this method of production, it is not required to purchase.

Of the tools and fixtures you will need: a sieve for sifting sand, forms for mortar, a trough for mixing or a concrete mixer, a hammer for tapping, a bucket, a shovel, a trowel, drying trays.

Method for making blocks using a vibrating machine

To do this, a vibration machine for cinder blocks is purchased or manufactured independently. A special form made of metal is installed on the plane of the machine, and the concrete mixture with slag aggregate is poured into it by one third. After that, the vibrating table is connected to the action for up to 20 seconds, which allows you to remove all unnecessary air bubbles from the solution, and the cement will get good shrinkage. The solution is poured into the mold three times. Blocks are removed from the mold in the same way as in the non-vibration manufacturing method.

The cinder block does not tolerate overdrying in hot weather in the open rays of the sun, so on hot days it is sprinkled with water and covered with oilcloth or cellophane so that moisture does not evaporate so actively. Formed, completely dried concrete blocks gain 100% strength on the 28th day, and after that they are ready for use in construction.

Features of the manufacture of cinder blocks

Forms are made independently, using metal or wood for this, boards take at least 190-200 mm in width. They are combined into a prefabricated structure, the side parts of which are detached to remove the finished block. In the general design, no more than 6 cells for laying concrete are combined. Finished construction set on a dense waterproof material, such as oilcloth, forming the bottom of the form.

If wood is chosen as the material for the mold, then it is pre-treated with impregnations or primers to increase moisture resistance. Forms are made from dry wood. These conditions are met, otherwise, in the process of work, the tree will lead away from the water, and the geometric size of the block will change. The standard sizes of stones are 400x200x200 mm, but each private manufacturer makes blocks for his own construction.

For metal matrices, sheets with a thickness of no more than 3-4 mm are taken. When welding the structure, all welds are made from the outside so as not to round the corners of the block. The voids inside the cinder block are made using segments metal pipes suitable diameter, for example 80 mm. The distance between the pipes and the distance from the walls are controlled, the composition is welded with strips for rigidity and fixation.

If equipment is being made for the production of building blocks, then when attaching the vibrator to the table, after tightening the nuts, they are still slightly welded by welding. The motor must be closed with a protective casing made of any material from splashes of solution, water, dust.

Production technology of sawdust concrete blocks

Available materials are not pre-processed, and you can buy them at any hardware store, therefore, the manufacture of blocks of sand, lime and sawdust is started immediately after purchase. A concrete mixer or a mortar mixer is used to mix the mortar, since manually mixing wood waste difficult.

Dry sawdust, passed through a large sieve, is mixed with sand and cement. Lime or cooked clay dough is added to the solution. The resulting mixture is well mixed and only after that water is added, gradually pouring it in small portions. To determine the readiness of the solution, it is squeezed in the hand, after which fingerprints should remain on the lump, which indicates the correct proportions.

Before filling the forms with a solution, they are lined thin layer sawdust. Internal holes in the blocks are made using wooden plugs about 70-80 mm in size, which are installed in the matrix before pouring the mortar. The material of the building blocks is tightly packed into the mold using a special rammer. The container is filled to the top and left to dry for three days. After the end of this period, the solution gains about 40% of the required strength.

The molds are dismantled, and the blocks are dried for another four days, after which the strength becomes 70% of the prescribed limit. Finished products are transferred to pallets and covered from direct sunlight. Drying of blocks is faster if gaps are left between the products during storage. It is advisable to place pallets in a draft or use a fan for forced airflow.

Sawdust concrete blocks gain 100% strength after drying for 3 months, but they can be used after a month of airing. At this time, their strength is 90%.

Machine tools and equipment

To make the number of blocks necessary for construction, they purchase a ready-made vibroforming machine. The TL-105 brand is distinguished by good performance. And although its power is only 0.55 kW, it produces about 150 concrete blocks with different aggregates per hour. Its approximate cost on the market is approximately 42,800 rubles. Modern machine tool manufacturers produce many varieties of block machines with additional features. Prices for machine tools are different, and the cost of building blocks directly depends on this.

For small private construction, a 1IKS vibrating machine is suitable, it costs about 17,000 rubles, its power is only 0.15 kW, it produces such equipment 30 blocks per hour. When buying a machine, take into account the level of production of blocks for the needs of construction.

In conclusion, it should be noted that making building blocks with your own hands will save a lot of money on the production of products. The cost does not take into account wages that the employee is paid. Overhead and production costs, taxes and other deductions are not added to the cost of the block, therefore, do construction material cheaper at home.

Maxim, St. Petersburg asks a question:

Good afternoon, please tell me how to do building blocks with your own hands? I am also interested in making adobe. Thanks in advance for your reply.

The expert answers:

Making building blocks with your own hands is not like that difficult task as it might seem at first glance. First of all, you need to take care of the shape, it is a kind of box without a bottom, it can be knocked down from wooden planks or welded from metal. The length of this form is 40 cm, width - 19 cm, height - 20 cm. For convenience, handles are attached on both sides.

The most common building material is concrete blocks. To make them, you need to take 1 part of cement, mix it with 3 parts of sifted sand, add 5 parts of expanded clay, dilute with 2 parts of water. The solution is stirred until homogeneous, poured into a mold, leveled with a cutter (even board), carefully compacted with a special rammer. After about 12 hours, when the cement sets, the mold is removed. Dry the blocks in a place protected from the scorching sun and moisture. Drying takes approximately 3-4 weeks.

Our ancestors made building blocks from improvised materials, clay, straw, river sand and water. The technology for making adobe has successfully reached our days, but making it with your own hands is not so simple, you need a certain skill in working with clay, without which things can go down the drain. Clay is harvested in the fall, covered with a film, left for the winter, so it will become more plastic and pliable. Only fresh straw is taken, last year's straw is of little use for this purpose, since decomposition processes have already begun in it. Sand is taken from the river, be sure to sift it through a construction sieve. The number of components is determined only by trial, it all depends on the quality of the clay, if it is mixed with sand, then the proportion of the latter is reduced. Approximate proportions will be as follows: 1 m³ of clay accounts for 20 kg of straw and 25% sand.

First, they make a trial batch, roll up a clay ball, leave it in a sunny place for 1 hour, then throw it from a height of 1-1.5 m. If all the components are selected correctly, then the ball will remain intact. Excess sand will cause cracking or breakage. If there is not enough sand, then the clay will simply blur. In the old days, a wide hole dug in the ground was used to mix the mortar. They are doing the same now, only the pit is lined with a film, the solution is poured into it, after which they put on rubber boots and knead. Previously prepared forms are submitted to sunny place, poured with clay mortar, leveled with a board on top, carefully rammed, left to dry in the open air, after about 2 weeks the adobe will be ready.

Can be done at home wood concrete blocks. To do this, you need to purchase cement from M 300 and above, sawdust, river sand and not slaked lime. First, cement and sand are mixed, lime is added, mixed, after which the turn of the previously sifted sawdust comes. The mixture is diluted with water so that it is more plastic, alumina sulfate or calcium chloride is added. The quality of the solution is determined as follows: a small ball is rolled up, clamped in a fist, if water flows, then cement and sand must be added. If the ball crumbles, then this means that there is not enough moisture in the solution. The form is covered with a film, the solution is poured, rammed, left for about 5 days, after which the blocks are removed and sent to dry (for 40-90 days). Using the recommendations of the experts outlined above, you can make building blocks at home.

Each of us needs a family and our own comfortable place for permanent residence. Someone wants to have an apartment in big city, and someone dreams of living where you can grow vegetables and fruits, keep pets, have a house suitable for habitation, and all the necessary outbuildings. But line it all up necessary premises from purchased building materials, not everyone can afford. In this case, we think about whether it is possible to build a house from hand-made material.

Aerated concrete blocks are a lightweight building material, so there is no need to strengthen the foundation when building a house.

This question was asked by all generations before us, so a sufficient number of ways to obtain building materials from improvised means have long been known.

The most optimal solution in this case is the construction of housing on your own from what can be obtained directly on the spot.

Elements of the supporting frame: 1 - the first row of blocks based on mortar; 2 - additional cellular blocks; 3 - annular reinforced belt; 4 - reinforced concrete floor slabs; 5 - heat-insulating gasket; 6 - monolithic reinforced concrete distribution belt; 7 - lintel reinforced from concrete; 8 - lintel made of concrete; 9 - waterproofing; 10 - base.

The most accessible of the materials that can be found everywhere is the earth, or rather, the soil that is under fertile layer. Since ancient times, both residential buildings and other buildings were built from the ground, but more often in those areas where there was little forest. Blocks were made from this material using plastic molding or tamping, as well as using formwork (the soil was simply stuffed into it very tightly).

For example, if do-it-yourself work on building a house is planned without a basement, then the soil that was taken out for the arrangement of the future foundation will be enough to build the walls of a one-story house. If you make a basement, then the house can already be made two-story. For walls, the soil that is taken out during the construction of a pool, drainage or well is also suitable.

Previously, it was not possible to mechanize at least some part of the manufacturing process of such a building material, but in our time, of course, you no longer have to mix the necessary ingredients with your feet, because special mechanized devices have been invented for this.

With the advent of special mechanisms, the situation with the construction using improvised materials has changed significantly for the better. Using an electrified tool, you can make material - mix it and compact it. And the result is no worse than in ancient times, but it takes much less time and physical effort.

To the authors of the equipment about which in question, managed to create a tool suitable for compacting concrete and other construction low-moisture mixtures and materials, as well as soil masses. And this invention, affordable to many, will make it possible to produce most of the building material and parts directly at the construction site.

Soil manufacturing technology

With this machine it is possible to form wall blocks from local raw materials, incl. from the soil using the "zone injection" technology.

The basis production process This apparatus is taken to reproduce the natural effect called "fluid wedge". home technological feature consists in the fact that the form, the molding powder mass and the supercharger simultaneously move in it. And all this without any vibrations and noises. This does not require such traditional processes as dosing mass, control of product size and pressure, which inflates the punch in similar molding plants.

In the molding machine called "Mini-supercharger" MN-05, a dense and uniform structure is formed throughout the entire volume of the mold, and the dimensions of the product always correspond to the shape in all respects. When switching to another material, no changeover of the equipment is required. And in the process, the effects of elastic aftereffect, air entrapment and overpressure are excluded.

Block laying sequence: a - single-row dressing system; b - multi-row dressing system; c, d - multi-row dressing system in a mixed way (numbers indicate the sequence of masonry).

MH-05, which has no analogues in the world, is intended not only for the manufacture of single-format blocks for construction needs, but with its help it is possible independent production and bricks and different racks, blocks, slabs for window sills and much more needed when building a house with your own hands. The raw materials for MH-05 can also be different kinds soils, and, and industrial waste, and other materials.

This molding kit is indispensable for owners of garden and summer cottages, cottages, farmers, landscape designers and architects, as there are endless opportunities for individual creativity both in the construction of a house and in the improvement of any territory, whether it be a personal plot or a park.

Everyone has the opportunity to work with this device. Nothing complicated needs to be done. And at the same time, the cost of building a house is several times lower than usual. Here are some parameters of products that can be made on MN-05 (name, size in millimeters and one-time quantity):

• raw brick from a soil block - 65x120x250 - 4 pcs;
• concrete block for paving - 65x120x250 - 4 pieces;
• paving slabs 250x250 - 2 pieces;
• concrete gas stone - 65x120x1000 - 2 pieces;
• flat tiles -120x250 - 4 pieces;
• window sill plate - 50x250x1500 - 1 pc;
• window jumper - 50x250x1500 - 1 pc;
• concrete facing tiles - 250x250x15 - 2 pieces;
• reinforced concrete post-column - 65x65x100 - 3 pcs;
• concrete tray - 65x250x100 - 1 pc.

The phenomenon of "fluid wedge" makes it possible to obtain unique properties material: its density reaches 99%, which prevents the occurrence of elastic stress, transverse delamination and expansion of the compacts, since air is not trapped.

Manufacturing in a block form

It is better to make a mold for making blocks with a removable bottom, so it will be easier to take out finished blocks.

There are other technologies for making blocks for construction and other building materials for the house with your own hands from improvised materials (clay, sand, lime, sawdust, earth bit) and from cement.

The technology that will be discussed now is similar to the technology called "tise" (technology + individual construction + ecology), but this one is modified and universal, since it can be used to make building blocks with voids (sand and cement mortar ), and without them (clay, sand, sawdust, cement, lime, earthbite).

The durability of block structures using this technology is greater than that of those made by traditional methods - up to 100 years or more. With the help of such blocks, it is possible to erect buildings up to 4 floors.

The process of making a block with your own hands:

• preparation of a solution (sand-cement or other);
• setting the block form to exactly horizontal position;
• pouring the solution into the mold (and, if necessary, ramming it);
• after 5-10 minutes, the pins are removed and internal structures for the formation of voids;
• removal of the mold from the manufactured structure, further drying of the block.

In this way, you can make up to 40 blocks per day with your own hands. And building blocks made in block form have significant advantages over panel or brick blocks:

• very significant reduction in construction costs;
• use of economical equipment;
• no need for heavy lifting and transport vehicles;
• availability of building materials;
• minimal waste;
• ensuring high strength of the structure;
• high thermal insulation of the house;
• environmental safety and high level comfort;
• during operation there are no high costs for maintenance and repair.

Building blocks from wood concrete

The main composition of the wall blocks includes wood chips and concrete.

Wood concrete blocks are lightweight building blocks that are made from wood chips (usually from trees conifers), water, sawdust, chemicals and cement. In the sixties of the last century, the production of such blocks was carried out by more than 100 factories throughout the country. But after the approval of panel construction, production was discontinued.

Nowadays, it is possible to make blocks of wood concrete for building a house with your own hands, with strict observance of all technological requirements. The requirements of GOST, according to which wood concrete was previously made, involves the use of wood particles, the size of which is strictly 40x10x5 mm. The number of leaves and needles cannot exceed 5% and should not exceed 10% of the bark.

For manufacturing, a considerable amount of cement is needed, which worsens the thermal insulation properties of the material. It is because of this that wood chips are considered an ideal option as the main raw material.

Arbolit is an ideal material for making the walls of a bath or sauna.

Experts recommend the use of sawdust and shavings, because wood shavings can serve both for heat and for reinforcement. The ratio of sawdust and shavings can be either 1:1 or 1:2. Before use, in order to avoid rotting from chips and sawdust, sugar must be removed, and for this it is necessary to keep the material outdoors for 3-4 months. Without this procedure, swelling of the blocks is possible in the future.

During aging, it is necessary to periodically shovel chips with sawdust, but if this is not possible, then the mixture must be treated with calcium oxide. A solution is prepared at the rate of 150-200 liters of a 1.5% solution per 1 m² of raw materials. The processed mixture is left for 3-4 days with stirring several times a day.

For the manufacture of wood concrete is required. Experts recommend using Portland cement 400 grade, and as additives - liquid glass, slaked lime, aluminum sulfate and calcium sulfate.

Additives are prepared in the amount of 2-4% of the mass of cement. The best combination of additives is considered to be a mixture of 50% calcium sulfate and 50% aluminum sulfate, or in the same ratio of water glass and calcium oxide.

Process features

If possible, you can prepare both shavings and sawdust with your own hands using special machines and processes, but you can also purchase this raw material in ready-made and already processed.

This material is soaked in water with the addition of liquid glass. And to speed up the process of hardening and mineralization of the material, calcium chloride is added to the mass. In order to carry out disinfection, you need to introduce slaked lime.

And only after all these preparations, the mass is kneaded in a concrete mixer along with cement and other necessary ingredients. Next comes the filling of special forms with the resulting material, while it is necessary to compact the mixture with a manual rammer, a vibropress, or pneumatic or electric rammers.

Material shaping

Experts recommend making forms for blocks from boards and upholstering their walls with linoleum in order to make it easier to remove building blocks. With manual tamping, it is done in layers, made of wood and iron-studded tamper. After the block is aged for a day, and then removed. Then it is left under a canopy for full refinement to the desired strength. In this case, it should be covered while still wet for hydration.

The optimal temperature and time for this is 15 degrees and 10 days. At lower temperatures, longer holding times will be required. it is important not to allow the mark below zero and do not forget to periodically water the blocks with water.

Expanded clay blocks

You can do it yourself and. First of all, for the manufacture of expanded clay blocks, you need to prepare a special form. You can run it from a regular board. The form is made from a pallet and two halves, resembling the letter "G". boards needed with inside either treat with machine oil, or beat with tin. At the ends, special closures should be installed that will not allow the form to disintegrate or change dimensions.

It will be a little more difficult to make a form with void formers for an expanded clay block with voids, but this is offset by the economical consumption of expanded clay mixture. If desired, schemes for them correct manufacture can be found in articles on the subject.

The size of the form can be arbitrary and depend on the construction tasks, but the following sizes are more often used:

• 39x19x14 cm;
• 19x19x14 cm.

In addition to the form, you will need the following tools:

• Master OK;
• shovel;
• buckets;
• container for primary mixing of components with water;
• metal plate for final mixing of expanded clay concrete mass;
• water, sand, expanded clay.

Component ratio

To make a quality mixture, you need to take:

• 1 part of the binder - cement grade not lower than M400;
• 8 parts of expanded clay (approximately 300-500 kg / m³). It should be added that about 5 kg of expanded clay fraction from 5 to 20 mm is placed in a bucket of 10 liters;
• sand - 3 parts without admixture of clay and other components;
• 0-8 - 1 part water.

Experts advise adding a teaspoon of any washing powder for greater plasticity of the solution.

Proper mixture casting

With a trowel or shovel, you need to carefully pour all the components into a container of water and let this mass settle for some time. Then it is transferred to a metal sheet and brought to desired state thorough mixing.

After the finished mixture is placed in a mold and subjected to vibration using a special device that creates vibration impulses. You can get by with tapping with a shovel on the sides of the form.

After two days, the rammed block must be carefully released from the mold by unhooking the shutters on it, and in this form it should be left to harden for another 26 days.

A standard expanded clay block weighs from 16 to 17 kg, and it takes about 1.5 kg of cement, 4 kg of sand and 10.5 kg of expanded clay. Having made some simple calculations, we get that each block costs about 25 rubles, with an average cost of finished expanded clay of 30 rubles without delivery.

Aerated concrete blocks

For the preparation of blocks of aerated concrete, the following components are needed:

• Portland cement;
• quicklime;
• sand;
• water;
• a small amount of aluminum powder.

You will also need:

• concrete mixer;
• forms for blocks;
• metal strings, in order to cut off excess mixture from the top of the molds;
• shovel;
• measuring utensils;
• buckets;
• individual protection means.

The components are taken in the required proportion: quicklime and Portland cement - 20% each; quartz sand - 60%; aluminum powder - less than 1% and slightly more than 9% - water. All this is mixed in a mixer until the consistency of sour cream.

Molds for casting aerated concrete experts advise to purchase ready-made, preferring metal and plastic molds. And the finished mixture is poured into such forms, filling it in half, since gas formation will raise the mixture to the rest of the mixture in some time. And if the mixture rises above the edges, then the excess is cut off by the strings.

The mixture in the forms is aged for 6 hours. In this state, the blocks will already be ready for cutting into smaller pieces after the formwork is removed from the precast molds. When cutting, it is necessary to form gripping pockets and grooves for the fingers.

Further, in industrial conditions, the blocks are placed in an autoclave to gain strength, but these installations are very expensive, so when self-manufactured, the blocks will gain strength in vivo.

The removed and cut blocks are kept indoors for another day before they can be stacked one on top of the other. Such material can be used to build a house only after 28-30 days, when the blocks gain their final strength.

Whatever method you choose to prepare the material for building a house with your own hands, in any case, the construction of buildings from it will come out cheaper, and in some cases much more environmentally friendly, stronger and more comfortable than using industrial material.

Block is a very common material in construction. Of these, you can add any structure: a house, a bathhouse, a garage, a utility block. Block walls have good strength characteristics, heat and sound insulation properties. Having this building material at your disposal is so beneficial that many people are thinking about how to make building blocks with their own hands.

Types of building blocks

The basis of every concrete block is cement, sand and water. In addition, a filler is used. Depending on its type, we get one or another type of block.

Block making process

For their manufacture there is special equipment: machines for the production of building blocks. They are designed for one, two, three or more block forms. Such a machine is a vibrating table and, in fact, the block forms themselves are containers for forming blocks. Standard size products - 190x190x390 cm. different sizes concrete products within the established. It is also equipped with a device for the manufacture of a hollow block. This part consists of two (or three) cylinders connected by a piece of steel rod, which are inserted into the block form before concrete is poured into it. These cylinders are removed after the stone hardens, and thus voids are obtained in the finished block. This method allows you to significantly save on cement mortar.

The process of manufacturing a block on this equipment is quite simple. In a concrete mixer, a solution is made with a selected or available filler. The block mold is lubricated with used machine oil to facilitate the removal process. finished product. Next, the cement composition is poured into it.

We turn on the vibrating table and within 1.5-2 minutes the process of molding products takes place. Through vibration, air bubbles are expelled from the concrete, the composition is compacted, and excess liquid comes out. After molding, the surface of the block is leveled with a spatula.

Then the block form is transferred to the place of drying products. They can serve as a steaming chamber, and ordinary plot land with a canopy over it. The surface on which the blocks are laid out for drying must be flat and horizontally maintained. Thanks to the special device of the block form, the removal of the product is not difficult. A sheet of iron is pulled out from under the mold, which is its lower base, and the side walls themselves rise up. Finished block remains in place to dry for several days. It is then transferred to a storage location.

There is no shortage of materials for construction - today you can buy everything. Prices, however, are such that any construction "flies a penny", so the independent production of building materials is not a whim, but a necessity. In recent years, serious competitors have appeared for bricks: blocks of gas silicate and foam concrete, porous ceramics, expanded clay, polystyrene. All these materials are made production equipment, but one type of wall stone can be made at home - this is a cinder block. We will tell you how to make a machine for the production of cinder blocks with your own hands.

cinder block is fake diamond rectangular shape and strictly defined dimensions. The type and dimensions of the cinder block depend on the purpose. Most often, this is a block with technological voids (about 30% of the volume), providing a relatively small weight and reducing the thermal conductivity of the material.

Depending on the purpose, the cinder block is:

• hollow or monolithic;
• whole or half;
• ordinary or facial;
• load-bearing or partition.

Decorative (front) cinder block can be different colors, the surface on the front side is chipped, torn, corrugated, polished. The material is used, as a rule, for the construction of decorative hedges.

Several basic block sizes and weights:

• ordinary standard 390x190x188 mm, weight 20 - 28 kg;
• ordinary half 390x120x188 or 390x90x188 mm; weight 10 -14 kg;
• partition wall 390X120X188 mm, weight 10-15 kg.

Materials for the production of cinder block

The composition of the cinder block includes a binder, filler and water. The name of the block was given by blast-furnace slag, which was once in abundance and was used as a filler. Today, slag is not common, and as a filler for cinder blocks, they use:

• granite screenings;
• brick chips;
• crushed stone;
• river gravel;
• sand;
• crushed expanded clay;
• clay;
• sawdust.

The binder is cement grades 300 - 600. The grade of cement depends on the required strength of the block - the higher the grade, the denser the stone.

Characteristics of the cinder block. Benefits of industrial production

There is no strictly defined recipe for the manufacture of cinder block, so its characteristics are not constant. Depending on the filler, the cinder block has:

• Density (750-1450 kg / cm 3).
• Strength M30 - M150.
• The coefficient of voidness is on average 0.3, not more than 0.4.
• Thermal conductivity coefficient 0.27 - 0.65 W / m 2
• service life (depending on climatic conditions) 30 - 150 years.

The main difference between the industrial production of cinder block is the processing of the molded stone in the steaming chamber. During the day at a temperature of 80–100 ° C and humidity up to 100%, the material gains up to 70% of maximum strength and can be immediately used in construction. Strength characteristics a factory cinder block is about twice as high as a home one. But the material made on a do-it-yourself cinder block machine is much cheaper and also quite suitable for construction.

How to make a cinder block at home

The principle of production of cinder block is simple - it is pouring the concrete mixture into the formwork:

• To prepare the working mixture, cement, fillers and water are mixed. The fillers are pre-screened to remove large and foreign fragments. The volume of water should not be too large so that the mixture has a semi-dry consistency (in professional slang - “carving”). An example of a typical proportion for a high-strength cinder block: filler - 7 parts, coarse sand - 2 parts, gravel of medium fraction or granite screenings - 2 parts, one and a half parts cement, and 3 water.
• The form (matrix) is loaded with the working mixture, compacted as much as possible by vibrocompression or packing. After compaction, the mixture is filled up to the desired volume and re-compacted.
• The formed block is carefully released from the mold.
• Dry the cinder block in natural conditions. After a day, the blocks can be carefully moved from the molding site to the storage site, after 5–7 days the blocks will be ready for use in construction. The use of a plasticizer allows you to accelerate hardening - after 6-8 hours the cinder block can be moved to the warehouse. Maximum strength blocks are purchased in a month, the preferred conditions are high temperature and humidity.

Equipment for the production of cinder block

The main advantage of cinder block production is wide selection technical equipment. You can choose and independently make the desired machine for home production of cinder block.

For the simplest production of cinder block, you need:

• materials;
• cinder block matrix for molding;
• ventilated indoor area with a flat floor.

The level of mechanization depends on the desire of the manufacturer and required amount blocks. I offer three production options:

1. A small amount of blocks for your own use can be made by hand using a simple matrix, which is easy to make from a wooden board.

Here is what the further process of making a cinder block looks like

2. The process can be facilitated by using the simplest machine for cinder blocks at home - a matrix for one block with vibration. Turning on the vibrator for a few seconds after filling the matrix and after adding the mixture to the full volume will speed up the process and reduce labor costs.

Instructions for the manufacture of the machine and its drawing can be found on the net. Machine operation

3. The machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks with two dies allows you to significantly simplify production and produce material not only for yourself, but also for sale.

The cinder block machine is simple and can be made at home. To make your own machine, you will need:

• welding machine;
• angle grinder, she is also a "Bulgarian";
• ruler and chalk for marking.

The main parts of the machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks do it yourself:

• Matrix

Molding boxes with guides and apron.

• Press

Two handles from a pipe, two walls from sheet metal t. 3 mm and four clamping planes.

Two bases, two guides, crossbars and four wheels without brakes.

• Lever arm

Three pipes, ears and two rods.

To visualize how to make a machine and see the drawings, I recommend watching two videos:

• a video in 3d format tells in detail about the design of the machine and the principle of operation.
• the video gives a complete specification of the cinder block machine, a general drawing and drawings of each individual element.

You can see the work of the machine for the production of cinder blocks here (VIDEO 5)

What can be built from cinder block

The production of cinder block did not begin yesterday - in regions where coal slag is in abundance, this building material has been used for a long time. If the advantages of the cinder block are well known (low cost and ease of manufacture), then the disadvantages are often hushed up. The disadvantages of this material include:

• environmental insecurity

If industrial slag is used in the production of cinder block, it is likely that the material will have elevated level radiation. Be sure to use a dosimeter when choosing a material.

• Instability to high humidity.

A cinder block wall must be insulated from natural moisture. Plastering a cinder block is not easy due to poor adhesion of the mortar with slag.

• Limited durability.

• Unpresentable appearance

Another reason to do cladding.

The use of cinder block is limited - it is suitable for construction:

• outbuildings (sheds, garages, utility rooms);
• one-story industrial buildings;
• baths (with careful waterproofing);
• fences and barriers;
• summer cottages;
• outbuildings, etc.

Cinder block making machine updated: November 10, 2016 by: Artyom