Floors in the apartment: what to make, types of flooring, design features and do-it-yourself installation. The choice of flooring for different rooms Floor covering in the room

The floor in the apartment is its most important part. Firstly, furniture and most of the equipment, washing machine, stove, bath, shower, toilet and other plumbing are installed on the floor. A person constantly contacts the floor, walks on it, often barefoot. Sometimes you have to lie on the floor, even sleep. The floor must be well adapted for cleaning, as any debris falls on it, liquids and food remains are spilled. The floor separates us from the people living in the lower apartment, and comfort in the apartment depends on how well it is insulated.

That is, in addition to strength, it must protect the apartment from extraneous sounds and alien climate. It is a finished, well-executed floor that completes the apartment ensemble.

The device of the floor is an expensive undertaking. However, variety of materials and methods of its device allows you to build a fairly comfortable and aesthetic floor based on the very modest budget.

Thus, the floor in the apartment carries the following functional loads, which must be taken into account when designing it:

1. Carrier.
2. Warming.
3. Soundproof.
4. Moisture-proof.
5. Aesthetic.

Floor construction in the apartment

The floor in the apartment is mounted on upper surface interfloor overlap and consists of two main layers:

• intermediate;
• flooring.

In the simplest cases, for example, in Khrushchev's apartment intermediate layer is absent. The flooring in it, most often PVC tiles, linoleum, or thin cotterless parquet planks, are glued directly to the top surface concrete floor slab with bituminous mastic, latex or PVA glue.

In the best case, the top surface of the board before gluing was smoothed with a thin layer cement screed. No wonder that in such apartments audibility and thermal qualities leave much to be desired. The horizontal plane of the floor in such apartments is also far from ideal.

In modern houses, inter-apartment floors are complex reinforced concrete or metal structures , equipped with layers of heat, moisture, sound insulation. In frame-monolithic structures, floors are most often poured from expanded clay concrete- excellent insulating material. In these cases, insulating layers should be installed in the intermediate layer if the insulating properties of the overlap are insufficient.

A timber beam may also contain thermal and moisture insulation. Most often it is mineral wool laid between the beams. A layer of waterproofing can also be provided there. Already on the beams, an intermediate layer is mounted, which may consist of logs, subfloor, insulating layers of insulation and waterproofing, screeds, and a floor covering is placed on top. The wooden floor, which, thanks to the cottered planks, forms a single sheet, can be laid directly on the beams. If the beams are located far from each other, on logs attached to beams.

Overlapping may be absent, for example, in basements or basements. In this case, the floor is mounted on a screed, which covers specially prepared pillow, consisting of compacted layers of sand and gravel, lying on the ground.

Types of bases for the floor

The floor in an apartment, in contrast to an individual house, is laid on the existing floor "from the builders" in the new house, or on the beam floor in the old one. For this reason, before laying the floor, it is necessary thoroughly examine the cover. In old houses, it is necessary to raise the old floor and conduct an examination of the floor beams. Replace or reinforce damaged beams or replace them with new ones. The best solution would be to replace the beam covering with reinforced concrete.

Ceilings in new houses, depending on building technology, can be from reinforced concrete panel ceilings, or in monolithic-frame houses - solid expanded clay concrete.

As beams can be used:

• wooden beam;
• reinforced concrete beam;
• metal profile (tee or I-beam or rail).

Beams are mounted during construction straight into the wall or on concrete crossbars built into the wall.

Beams can be wooden and concrete. In Khrushchev's houses, most often used as a ceiling hollow panels, which served as the basis for the floor on one side and the ceiling on the other.

Ceilings from builders, except surface defects may have bias. Therefore, the floor surface is covered with a screed, which solves two issues:

• makes the surface smooth enough for the position of the floor covering;
• makes the surface horizontal.

Cement strainer

The simplest type of screed is a cement screed. The filling solution is being prepared cement grade 400 and river washed and screened sand. Currently, ready-mixed dry mixes are commercially available. But you can cook on your own. The composition of the mixture:

1. Sand - 3-4 parts.
2. Cement - 1 part.
3. Water - so much that the solution resembles sour cream.

The sequence of actions when installing a cement screed:

After completion of all work, during the entire curing time, it is necessary daily moisten the surface filling by sprinkling it with water. It is possible to cover the surface of the filling with polyethylene to preserve moisture.

The term of the final setting and drying of the screed 28−29 days.

Semi-dry cement screed

Recently, the semi-dry screed method has become widespread. Its main advantages are:

• short curing time of the mixture, sufficient for laying flooring;
• no risk of leakage to the lower floor;
• plasticity of the screed and, as a result, the absence of cracks and cavities after hardening;
• additional heat and sound insulating properties.

The composition of the mixture for laying a semi-dry screed differs significantly from a wet one. smaller water content. In addition, a significant amount of plasticizer is added to the solution - fiber, which keeps the screed from cracking.

The composition of the mixture is as follows:

1. Clean building sand, particle size modulus = 2.0; fraction up to 5 mm - 2 parts.
2. Cement brand 400D20 - 7 parts.
3. Water - 1 part.
4. Fiber - 700 gr. for 1 cu. m solution.

The laying procedure is the same as in the case of a cement screed, with the difference that:

The main advantage of a semi-dry screed is that it is already through 12 hours Hardens enough to walk on. After 42 hours, porcelain stoneware and tiles can be laid on it, and after 7 nights- laminate, PVC tiles or linoleum. The fact is that although a semi-dry screed gains strength very quickly, moisture evaporates little by little over the course of a month. Therefore, it is better to arrange a parquet floor on a fresh screed after a month of exposure, since even slight evaporation can damage dry parquet.

Dry screed

The main advantage of a dry screed is that it can be covered with a floor covering. immediately after installation. The intermediate layer of dry screed is formed as follows. Waterproofing in the form of a polyethylene sheet with a thickness of 0.2 mm is laid on the surface of the ceiling. From above, it is covered with expanded clay or sand, which is carefully leveled and compacted with a flat vibrator or roller.

A special layer is placed on the layer thus formed. metallic profile, which is covered from above with gypsum-fiber boards arranged in a checkerboard pattern, which are fastened mounting screws to this profile. If the backfill is more than 7 cm thick, the top layer is reinforced with another layer of gypsum boards. On the finished screed, the floor covering is immediately laid.

Self-leveling floors

In the event that it is necessary to receive perfectly smooth horizontal surface, ready for laying linoleum, PVC tiles or laminate, the best intermediate layer can be obtained by pouring on well waterproofed the basis of a liquid solution of a certain composition. Such a solution is formed by dilution with water, in accordance with the instructions attached to each package. ready mix, a wide variety of which is currently available on the building materials market.

The mixture consists of cement, gypsum, fine sand type fillers and contains various chemical components, which contribute to the rapid and uniform spreading, plasticization and stabilization of the resulting coating. Ideal horizontal surface formed by itself under the influence of gravity. That is why these mixtures are called self-levelling. Various compositions are connected with different conditions and different thicknesses of the formed coating.

Before installing the floor, heat and sound insulation should be placed between the beams. It can be mineral wool, expanded clay or slag. Porous insulating material loses its insulating properties to a large extent when moisture or steam is absorbed. Therefore, it must be carefully isolated waterproof film, such as polyethylene or roofing material. If the size of the film is insufficient, its sheets should be overlapped, sealing the edges with adhesive tape.

1. If the distance between the beams does not exceed 60 cm, then the floor can be laid directly on the beams. If not, then logs are laid on the beams perpendicular to their direction at a distance of 50–60 cm.
2. Logs are also placed directly on the reinforced concrete floor or screed.
3. Logs are wooden bars with a section of 50 × 100 made of coniferous wood. When laying, it is necessary to use the level to set the upper edge strictly horizontally. The distance between the lags should not exceed 60 cm.

A cut-off is superimposed on the logs in advance floorboard, which, thanks to the cotter pin, forms a single floor sheet. It is necessary to install ventilation ducts in the walls, coming out of the walls at a distance of several centimeters from the plinth, closed with openwork hatches. These steps are necessary in order to ventilated the space between the joists and the underside of the board. For greater strength, the boards are attached to the joists with self-tapping screws inserted at an angle at the level of the cotter pin in order to hide their heads and be able to process a single floor surface with a polishing machine.

The best floor boards are mahogany and oak, but most often they are made from softwood. Optimal ratio price quality have boards made of Siberian larch.

After polishing, the floor can be varnished or painted. In both cases it is necessary follow instructions for painting and, if necessary, pre-priming with special primers. This will significantly lengthen life span paint layer.

A rough floor can also be laid on the logs, on which PVC tiles, linoleum, and laminate can be laid as a floor covering. For this, the subfloor is covered additional leveling sheet material, such as fiberboard. Coating of tiles or porcelain stoneware over wood flooring is possible only if a reinforcing layer is applied on top. reinforced screed.

The draft floor can be assembled from a floorboard, chipboard, OSB. In this case, additional leveling layer not needed. Parquet is laid on the subfloor.

Types of flooring

Floor coverings complete the laying of the floor. This is exactly the material that will be addressed to a person, will be with him contact directly and which will take on all external influences.

Board

To cover with a wooden board, a tongue-and-groove floorboard is used. She represents planed board in the form of a regular parallelepiped, along one of the narrow faces of which a comb (tongue) is milled for the entire length, and on the other, opposite, corresponding groove. This form allows, by assembling the boards so that the tongue of one enters the groove of the other, and form a strong solid flooring.

The thickness of the floorboards varies from 25 to 45 mm. The thicker the board, the less it “plays”, that is, the floor bends. The thinner the floorboard, the smaller the distance between the joists should be. For example, with a board 25 mm thick, the distance between the lags cannot exceed 60 cm. When installing, the floor from the floorboard must be leave a gap between the wall and the edge of the floor at least 1 cm for expansion from moisture and temperature.

The board must be well dried(at least 10% humidity). After installation, the wooden floor can be polished, varnished or painted. The gap near the walls, at the end of the installation, is covered with a plinth. The floorboard is not made of linden and alder.

Parquet and laminate

Parquet, in fact, is a small floorboard with grooves and cotter pins on all sides in pairs. That allows you to assemble the floor from the dies of a relatively small size.

Parquet is undoubtedly the most human-friendly floor covering. However, he has significant drawback. When even a small amount of moisture gets in, it warps, and when flooded, it “suspends”.

An alternative to parquet is an unpretentious laminate. Externally, the laminate is very similar to parquet. In fact, this is a parquet board, but made not from solid wood, but from a four-layer material, the main, carrier layer which is a thin fibreboard impregnated with resins. A mounting layer is glued on it from below, providing rigidity, on top, printed paper, usually imitating natural wood, covered with another layer of melamine or acrylic resin provides durability. Structurally, the laminate board repeats tongue and groove lock parquet, which allows you to easily, quickly and reliably assemble the flooring.

Linoleum and PVC tiles

Linoleum is probably the most common and most universal coating of all currently in existence. The first linoleum was a jute burlap, on which a cork crumb material was applied, pressed with linseed oil as binding material. It has proven itself over the years as a flooring, wall and countertop material. The current linoleum has retained the basic idea of ​​two layers, fabric and surface, but both have undergone many changes.

Basically, in modern linoleum, various woven and non-woven materials, such as felt, are used as a fabric base, serving simultaneously base and insulation. Numerous wear-resistant materials are used as the surface layer, such as PVC in various versions and compositions. Modern technological capabilities make it possible to imitate on the surface of linoleum any material and texture and paint it with incredible patterns.

All this made it possible to incredible range strength, insulation and other features. But the hallmark of linoleum, which distinguishes it favorably from ceramic tiles and stone, is its "warmth" in feeling and some softness. Dishes that fall on a linoleum floor are not so unambiguously broken. And bruises when falling on linoleum will not be so painful.

PVC tile is a tile made from a special multilayer composite material based on crushed natural stone and very durable vinyl. It is available in a variety of colors. Thanks to its modularity and variety of colors, it allows you to get an incredibly designer decor on the floor. Its main advantages:

• ease of installation on bituminous mastics and adhesives;
• ease of installation and dismantling makes it easy to replace damaged tiles;
• and cheapness - to change the boring pattern;
• The tile is extremely wear-resistant and adheres well to the surface.

PVC tiles - the most democratic material for flooring.

Ceramic tiles and porcelain tiles

Ceramic tiles are one of the oldest facing materials. There used to be two varieties:

• facing tiles covered with glaze and having underglaze painting;
• metlakh, glazeless, rough, for the floor.

Now, too, there are ceramic tiles of various sizes and purposes. Their main advantage is the strength of the material and resistance to any aggressive influences. However, in the manufacture of tiles, the material and heat treatment modes.

Such tile-producing countries as Spain, Germany, Italy and the Czech Republic have proven themselves perfectly. By choosing tiles from new market entrants such as Turkey and China, you can win on the budget but lose in quality. However, these manufacturers also have quality products, which allows you to save on cladding. The disadvantages of tile flooring are slipperiness when wet, brittleness when struck by a heavy object, "coldness" in sensation, hardness, which leads to the fact that the fallen glassware and ceramics break into small fragments, which can represent some danger for children and pets.

If earlier the installation of tiles was carried out on a mortar, then with the development of the industry of building adhesives, installation is carried out with their help. The main tool is wide spatula with cutouts for applying glue. Glue is applied to the tile and then the tile is fixed on the prepared surface. We must not forget to leave a small gap between the tiles, for which there is a simple and affordable tooling. This gap is necessary to compensate for the thermal expansion of the tile when changing ambient temperature. The seam is then sealed with special grouts and improves the aesthetic perception of the surface.

Porcelain stoneware is very similar to tile, but has slightly different qualities. Porcelain stoneware was obtained in Italy in the late 70s and is produced ceramic sintering method and natural minerals at very high temperatures and pressures. This process is very similar to the natural processes occurring in the bowels of the earth during the formation of granite. The end result was incredible. durable material, superior in strength to granite and approaching corundum.

Technologies make it possible to color it in such a way that tiles from it not only imitate all known gems and semi-precious stones, but also allow you to get any color and pattern, moreover, distributed throughout the thickness, and not located only on the surface. In addition, the material is lighter than natural stone and has additional thermal insulation properties. It is well polished and somewhat warmer ceramic tiles.

The most important advantage of porcelain stoneware and ceramic tiles is their absolute hygiene, making them an indispensable floor covering for bathrooms and kitchens.

Conclusion

The topic of flooring is very broad. It's obvious that variety of materials and technology makes it possible to build a comfortable, functional and beautiful floor for every taste and for any money. Nevertheless, I would like to note that, despite the simplicity and clarity of the floor installation procedures, this responsible work is better trust a professional as to obtain a good result, a synthesis of knowledge, experience and practical skills of a person constantly engaged in work in this important direction is necessary.

A comfortable and beautiful home is everyone's dream. But the choice of materials is not an easy task, as many factors must be taken into account. To begin with, it would be nice to have a general idea of ​​\u200b\u200ball available materials - about their advantages and disadvantages. Let's discuss the types of flooring: what they are, how and how they differ, where they are best used.

In recent decades, technology has developed very rapidly. New materials constantly appear, and old ones acquire new properties and qualities. Today there are about a dozen types of floor coverings. Not the fact that in a couple of months new ones will not appear. In the meantime, here are the types of coatings available:

Choosing flooring for your home or apartment is not an easy task.

• Engineering board.
• Cork coating (glue and lock).
• Linoleum.
• Vinyl tiles (there are also names of PVC tiles, flexible parquet, Art vinyl).
• Ceramic tile.
• Porcelain tile.

Some types of flooring have been known for a very long time. For example, a plank floor or parquet. Others appeared just a few years ago - carpet and vinyl tiles. All of them have their advantages and disadvantages, and each must be considered separately.

How to choose flooring

The choice of flooring should be carried out according to the basic requirements that you impose on the coating. First of all, you should decide on the amount you are willing to allocate. When viewing options, consider not only the cost per square meter, but also the cost of laying materials, delivery costs. Some types of flooring - linoleum and carpet, per square meter have a very low price. Their installation is also easy. But the amount of waste can be large, and delivery is expensive. Especially if you need a 4 meter wide coverage. These are special rates.

Once you've decided on your price range, what types of flooring you can use, review the installation information and subfloor requirements. If your floor is far from ideal, it will need to be leveled, and this can result in a considerable amount. Most modern flooring is not too difficult to install. The exception is parquet, but you can lay it yourself. It's just that it will take a lot of time. If self-installation is not an option, professional services are added to the costs. And their prices are associated not so much with the complexity of installation, but with the cost of coverage. As a general rule, the higher the price of a floor covering, the higher the asking price for its installation.

Also, the selected species must be compared in terms of complexity / ease of care, durability, compatibility with, if you have one. So choosing a floor covering is not so easy.

The cheapest and most practical: linoleum, PVC tiles

If we talk about the most inexpensive type of flooring, then it is either linoleum or PVC tiles. If you look at prices per square meter, then linoleum comes out cheaper. But it is not so. In fact, the costs are equal for the following reasons:

• PVC tiles are easy to ship. Packs of tiles can be loaded into a passenger car, and a truck is needed to deliver linoleum.
• Scraps when laying linoleum are usually much larger. Unless you find the width of the linoleum exactly the width of the floor. PVC tile has a minimum of scraps, as it consists of small fragments.

These types of coatings are often viewed negatively. The highlights are the unnatural finish, which looks “cheap” and quickly loses its appearance. About unnaturalness. Firstly, there is natural linoleum - marmoleum. It is made on a natural jute basis from natural rubber resins, using natural dyes. Secondly, polyvinyl chloride - the same PVC that surrounds us every day. It packs products. So, despite the unnaturalness, it is safe.

If we talk about the “cheap” appearance, then there are very decent-looking coatings that cannot be distinguished from the laminate that is now fashionable. And linoleum looked “cheap” twenty or thirty years ago. When a strange-looking film with a wild pattern was applied to an incomprehensible base. Today, linoleum is a completely different coating. Both externally and technologically.

So or something like this modern linoleum looks like. By the way, its lifespan is 10 years.

Many people say that linoleum quickly wears out, goes in waves. This can happen if linoleum is laid with a violation of technology. It also needs a level ground. It can be not perfectly even, but without holes, “steps” and humps. Then there will be no problems with scuffs. And it also needs to be properly glued to normal glue (good PVA, at least). And you need to leave gaps around the perimeter of the room. In general, it is necessary to follow the technology, then there will be no waves-wrinkles.

Average price range

Not everyone likes linoleum or vinyl tiles, although they are, perhaps, the most budgetary coatings, and they are also convenient and durable in operation. I don’t want completely frank synthetics under my feet, but there is no intention to spend money on parquet or even more expensive cork. In this case, you can consider the types of flooring from the average price range. They, of course, with great difficulty can be called natural, but not quite synthetics either.

Consider medium-priced options

Laminate

If we talk about popular types of flooring, then today it is a laminate. At a price it is more expensive than linoleum, but cheaper than a parquet or engineered board. In appearance, they are very similar, but structurally completely different material.

Why was laminate placed in the middle price range? After all, there are inexpensive rulers ... Because in order for it to serve for a long time, it is worth taking a high-class board (32 or 33), and even on a waterproof base. And these types are comparable in price to parquet and engineered boards.

Advantages and disadvantages of laminate

The laminate is based on high-pressure pressed cellulose - HDF. Everyone probably knows such material as MDF. So, HDF is also made, but pressed under higher pressure. A stabilizing layer is glued under the HDF base, often with moisture-resistant properties. On the other hand, a pattern imitating a natural coating is glued. A transparent polymer film is applied to the drawing. Sometimes it is even, but it can also be with an imitation of the texture of wood or stone.

There are a lot of different ones. And it's not just about appearance. There are they of different abrasion resistance, width, length, thickness. There are plenty to choose from. This is a great material if you are interested in inexpensive types of flooring. Also, its advantages include:

• Simplicity. Any person with hands "from where it is necessary" will cope.
• Stacking speed. In a day, even a beginner will lay one room.
• Maintainability. If the coating was not glued, everything can be disassembled and reassembled.

Laminate is a good choice if you are looking for mid-range flooring.

Not everything is so rosy. The disadvantages of laminate are as follows. It does not tolerate high humidity and if it gets wet, the original appearance is not restored. The second drawback is that the coverage is noisy. Noisy in the room, you can hear footsteps. Sounds are also transmitted to neighbors below, if we are talking about a multi-storey building. So that the problem is not so acute, substrates are used. And cork or expanded polystyrene foam is better, but then the coating does not fit into the budget. But then the laminate does not creak, the house is quiet, and even the floor is warmer.

Parquet and engineering board

Like it or not, we are used to the fact that there should be wood on the floor. And more budget types of floor coverings, basically, imitate it with more or less certainty. And if you want a more natural finish, but the parquet is not inspiring because of the difficult care? There is an intermediate option - the same parquet and engineered board. They are made in different ways, but after laying they are very similar to natural parquet. Only cheaper, easier to install and devoid of most of its shortcomings.

The engineering board consists of moisture resistant plywood and a layer of wood glued to it. Plywood is more stable in size, it will not lead, it does not dry out, it is less prone to warping. The parquet board is structurally more complex and consists of four layers (from bottom to top):

• pine seamless veneer;
• spruce or pine slats;
• a layer of precious wood;
• a layer of varnish, oil or wax.

Both types of flooring have a valuable type of wood on top. Both consist of fragments - rectangular or square, which are connected with locks or through a tenon-groove. That's just the engineering board after laying should be covered with a protective coating - varnish, oil or wax. And ready for use - it is varnished / oil / waxed at the factory. Conveniently. But only after the joints are left without protection and you need to be careful with water.

How to choose flooring that looks like wood but is less hassle? Consider parquet and engineered board

The advantages of these materials are as follows. It looks like parquet, at a significantly lower price, the complexity of laying is several times less, and the speed of installation is many times higher. What else is good - fewer problems with operation - less often creaks and cracks. Well, the disadvantage is, after all, not a completely natural coating. The design contains glue. Where to a greater extent, where to a lesser extent. How critical it is for you - decide for yourself.

Parquet

Parquet in its purest form is a set of boards from which the flooring is assembled. And not always these boards are of the same shape or size. Complex circuits are assembled from different pieces. The more of them, the more diverse and bizarre the pattern can be.

But in standard apartments or ordinary residential buildings and cottages, artistic parquet cannot be entered in any way. It is appropriate in large spacious rooms. And 20 squares is not the space on which something like this will look. In most residential interiors, parquet is laid with the usual flooring - a deck, there is also a herringbone or squares. And then, they no longer fit into all interiors. The modern style is very concise and even not too complex patterns can no longer be entered into it. Unless in a classic interior, but with appropriate furniture.

Not the most difficult drawing, but in an ordinary apartment - a clear bust

Parquet is glued on a perfectly flat base. It must be carefully prepared. Each plank sits on glue, but can also be additionally fixed with nails. Since the fragments are small, it takes a lot of time to lay the parquet. But the completion of the calculation is far from everything. There is still grinding to be done - four to five passes with sandpaper of different grits (from 600 to 1200). And then applying a protective layer - first a primer (two layers), and then varnishing (three layers) or oil impregnation (two layers is enough). When varnishing, intermediate sanding may still be required a couple of times. So in terms of time, laying 20 square meters can take a couple of months. Is it possible to lay parquet with your own hands? Quite. If the hands are from the right place and a lot of patience.

So, the advantages of parquet as a floor covering: beauty, naturalness. You can’t argue with beauty, although, in most cases, they lay the board with an ordinary deck flooring. Outwardly, it does not differ from the same engineering and parquet boards, but in terms of price and laboriousness of laying, it is very different. Although, it's beautiful. This is without a doubt. But a cheaper engineered board in the same decking looks no worse, but costs less.

It is also worth thinking about naturalness. The wood is natural - this is not disputed, but the coating itself is unlikely. The wood is glued. The best glue for parquet now - polymer - not natural. The parquet is covered with varnish - unnatural. Then the meaning is in the naturalness of the wood itself. Very doubtful. Prestigious, yes. Without a doubt. If the status of the coating is important to you, you definitely need parquet. In this he has no equal.

Soft types of floor coverings: carpet, carpet tiles

Carpet was at the peak of popularity about twenty years ago. Today it is not laid very often. If they put it, then in the bedrooms or children's rooms - here it is really very good. How appropriate the carpet in the living room will be depends on what you want to get. Low pile is easier to clean and easier to care for. The long one looks cozy and intimate, but difficult to clean. In general, both carpet and carpet tiles are a very good type of coverage if you are not allergic to dust. Warm, cozy, hides sounds. For the bedroom and nursery, this is perhaps the best flooring.

Short pile carpet is the perfect budget flooring for the bedroom

It can be very simple: in small rooms it is simply rolled out and pressed with skirting boards. On a larger area, double-sided tape is used, pasted in strips on the floor every meter. If there are more than 20 squares, gluing with special glue or fixing is necessary (a special type of glue that creates a sticky layer on the floor like adhesive tape).

If we talk about carpet tiles, then it is even more convenient to install. It is not necessary to take out all the furniture. The base must be dry and level. A fixing adhesive is applied to it, after it dries, the tile is laid out. It's that simple.

For the price, the situation is similar to that which exists when comparing linoleum and vinyl tiles. If you look at the price per square meter, then carpet tiles come out more expensive. But there is less waste when laying, delivery is easier and cheaper. So the money spent in the end will not be more. And another plus of carpet tiles is that you can always fold it differently, it is easy to replace a damaged piece by simply removing the old one and installing a new one in its place. So if you choose, then carpet tiles are more practical.

So, the advantages of carpet and carpet tiles are low price, ease of installation, “quiet” coating. Disadvantages - difficult to clean, not suitable for allergy sufferers. In general, these are inexpensive and easy-to-install types of flooring.

Cork flooring

Another type of flooring that is called natural is cork. In fact, it is a pressed cork, which is available in the form of tiles or in rolls. There are two types of cork flooring. The first is called "adhesive" - ​​it is glued to a flat and dry base and filled with several layers of varnish. It turns out something similar to parquet, but with a different texture.

The second type of cork can be compared to laminate. The same base is HDF, on which a cork layer is glued, and a protective polymer film is applied on top of it. Both styling and problems are the same as for laminate. It is easy to install, you need to be careful with liquids in operation. To be on the safe side, some lock plugs are also filled with varnish, so that there are no problems with filling.

If we talk about the pros, then cork is the warmest coating. It is comfortable to walk on it, even if it is varnished, the porous material absorbs sounds. So for quiet rooms - a bedroom and a nursery - a good floor covering. But, since cork is a soft material, furniture must be selected on wide legs so that it does not squeeze through. The second point: it should not be placed on a heated floor. Very low thermal conductivity, heating will be extremely inefficient. The floor will be warm, but the costs will be high. Other types of flooring work better with underfloor heating. There is a special laminate, even carpet or carpet tiles. But the cork is perhaps the most inefficient option.

Disadvantages of cork coating - high price, high abrasion. Adhesive cork is more expensive (thicker), lock - cheaper. But, compared to other materials, the price is still high.

In order to correctly choose the flooring in the apartment, you first need to find out what materials it is made from and consider all the pros and cons of different types.

Laminate

The laminate is based on MDF panels, carefully pressed with a paper layer and varnished.

Depending on the thickness of the panels, the quantity and quality of the primary material, the laminate can be of several strength classes. How to choose a substrate for a laminate -.

Benefits of this flooring:

• simple installation with or without glue (in the second case, it is always possible to replace damaged panels);
• resistance to mechanical stress;
• fire safety;
• easy care due to the antistatic layer applied on top;
• durability (provided that the wear resistance class is selected correctly);
• an extensive range;
• affordable price.

Of the shortcomings of the material note:

• fear of moisture;
• insufficient environmental friendliness due to the use of resins, varnishes, impregnating chemicals in the production.

An overview of the different floor coverings can be seen in the following video:

Linoleum

The coating intended for a residential apartment is a multilayer system. Heterogeneous linoleum, which is presented in stores, consists of the following layers:

1. Frame (fiberglass), impregnated with PVC paste.
2. Pigment, which determines the color and pattern of the final product.
3. Protective.

Linoleum can also be equipped with an additional layer - the substrate, which determines its sound and heat insulation properties, and also hides floor irregularities.

Linoleum is sold either in rolls 1–6 m wide and 1.5 to 5.0 mm thick, or in the form of tiles (another name is PVC tiles). The floor surface is carefully prepared, and then the linoleum is laid on a special glue.

The advantages of linoleum:

• ease of installation;
• ease of care;
• variety of design;
• excellent moisture resistance;
• wear resistance;
• low price;
• soundproofing.

Of the minuses - insufficient environmental friendliness, sensitivity to temperature extremes, a tendency to bursting under intense loads.

It is worth noting that there is another type of linoleum made from natural materials - flax oil, pigments, additives. The complexity of the production of such coatings makes their cost quite high, so they are not widely used.

carpet

In the context, this coating is represented by the following components:

1. Pile.
2. The base is the primary lining.
3. Secondary lining plus a fixing layer (most often it is latex).

The materials themselves can be artificial - nylon (polyamide), polypropylene, polyacryl, polyester, and natural - wool or a mixture of materials with 10-30% wool.

Laying is done on glue, like linoleum.

Benefits of carpeting:

• ease of installation;
• ergonomics;
• safety;
• a large selection of colors;
• long-term operation.

There are few disadvantages:

• rabies;
• the difficulty of cleaning.

The environmental friendliness of the product will depend on the materials underlying the carpet. Accordingly, the price category of natural and synthetic coatings is different.

Self-leveling (liquid) floors

Bulk floor - a novelty in the world of modern floor coverings.

The composition of the liquid floor may include different substances:

• polyurethane;
• epoxide;
• methyl methacrylate;
• cement and acrylic.

The last name is the most environmentally friendly option, and the most expensive self-leveling floor is methyl methacrylate.

Advantages of self-leveling floors in their:

• durability (perhaps one of the largest for flooring);
• environmental friendliness;
• strength;
• water resistance, as well as resistance to chemicals, oil, solvents, etc.;
• ease of maintenance.

Such floors are especially demanding on the surface for installation, and their laying is quite complicated. Of the negative aspects, the owners also note a tendency to burn out in the sun. For the price - the option is quite affordable.

Tile

The most popular are ceramics. They are durable, passable and water resistant. In appearance, ceramic tiles are very diverse, they can imitate wood or other natural materials.

From tiles, you can create a real work of art on the floor, it becomes possible to zone the room and visually optimize the size of the room. In this case, you do not have to worry about mechanical loads on the floor, exposure to sunlight, high humidity. Excellent wear resistance is another plus of ceramic tiles.

Of the shortcomings:

• complexity of installation and subsequent repair;
• the presence of seams;
• cold (this problem is solved by installing a warm floor under the tile).

cork floor

It is a plate measuring 90.0 by 18.5 cm and 9 mm thick (sometimes it can also be found in the form of rolls), based on veneered or pressed chips of natural cork bark.

Other layers may include wood dust on resins (function - imparting strength and rigidity) and face finishing (increases wear resistance and provides an aesthetic appearance).

The cork floor has a lot of advantages over the above coatings, in particular, this material:

• environmentally friendly and natural;
• provides soundproofing in the room;
• has a variety of models;
• keep warm;
• pleasant to the touch;
• able to absorb mechanical pressure;
• has a long service life (warranty is not less than 10 years);
• water resistant;
• does not slip.

The negative point is the complexity of laying, because before that it is necessary to carefully level the base, and the price is quite high.

Another environmentally friendly option.

A parquet board is made from a wooden base, pasted over with a layer of valuable species (thickness 3–5 mm).

They are usually laid by gluing the panels to the base. The base is prepared in advance.

In addition to the fact that a natural wooden floor will create special comfort and coziness in the house, it has other merits:

• durability and reliability;
• ease of cleaning;
• ease of installation;
• low thermal conductivity.

The disadvantages are related to the naturalness of the material - wood can be deformed, because in cold weather it decreases somewhat in volume, and in summer, on the contrary, it expands. Due to the naturalness and high cost of the material.

How to choose the right flooring for your room: professional advice

When choosing a floor covering for a living room, it is necessary to focus on the following criteria:

• room humidity;
• demanding for frequent cleaning;
• frequency and type of mechanical impacts;
• temperature difference;
• environmental friendliness.

Video tips for choosing an environmentally friendly floor covering:

Based on these parameters, rooms will be especially demanding for coverage:

• hallway;
• kitchen;
• bathroom;
• children's;
• loggia.

For these rooms, flooring should be selected with great care. So, in the living room (bedroom, living room) you can put a laminate of class 21-23, and in the hallway and in the kitchen - more durable, class 31-33.

The bathroom and kitchen should be equipped with moisture-resistant floor coverings, such as linoleum, tile or self-leveling floor.

The most environmentally friendly materials are usually chosen for the nursery. From floor coverings it can be a cork floor, parquet, carpet.

Different styles of interiors are demanding on the choice of flooring. In high-tech style, tile, parquet or laminate will be good options (for more details -), and in a room decorated for shabby chic - wooden parquet (on our website).

Remember that a properly selected floor in the room will not only be strong and durable, but will also give warmth, comfort, and a complete look to the entire interior.

It is quite difficult to answer the question “which gender is better”? After all, floor coverings differ from each other, at least in appearance. If you take out the decorative factor, you can compare the price, service life, advantages and disadvantages of each material. Let's try to find the best flooring in this way.

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

What coverage to prefer, if the choice is so great?

Floor coverings can be divided into three large groups: wood (parquet, board, solid board, cork), elastic (carpets, rubber flooring), ceramic and stone. Which floors are better - decide for yourself!

1. Block parquet

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

Most people under the word "parquet" mean exactly piece parquet.

2. Parquet board

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

The parquet board forms ideally smooth, "seamless" floor surface.

3. Cork floor

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

4. Massive board

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

A solid wood floor does not look “homogeneous”: the chamfers on the board separate one plate from another.

coating	price	term services	solid board advantages	solid board disadvantages
massive board	30-200 USD sq/m	up to 50 years with proper installation	Nice natural finish. The massive board is universal, suitable for almost any interior. Very durable.	It requires a high-quality "rough" floor, when laying it is necessary to use a heavy-duty two-component adhesive (it itself is quite expensive). The massive board sharply reacts to the microclimate in the room: temperature and humidity.

5. Art parquet

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

Art parquet is a work of art: it is made in a single copy.

coating	price	life time	advantages of artistic parquet	disadvantages of artistic parquet
Art parquet	From 50-70 to 3000 USD sq/m	50-70 years old	Luxurious coating, the ability to create a unique pattern. It is difficult to think which floors are better and more status than artistic parquet.	High cost. Very "dictates conditions" to the rest of the interior.

6. Laminate

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

In appearance, a high-quality laminate is difficult to distinguish from a parquet floor.

7. Natural linoleum, marmoleum

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

Natural linoleum is made according to the old technology from "pure" materials.

8. Rubber flooring

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

A not too well-known coating for the house, in appearance the rubber floor is a cross between linoleum and self-leveling floor. But much more environmentally friendly.

coating	price	life time	advantages of rubber flooring	disadvantages of rubber flooring
rubber coating	from 20 USD sq/m	From 25 years old	Extremely easy to install coating (tile or roll). It has good sound insulation, hardy (can be used even in gyms). The rubber floor is antistatic.	Rubber is sensitive to high and low temperatures. Despite manufacturers' claims of special environmental friendliness, synthetic rubber (rubber) is often used.

9. PVC linoleum

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

Modern technologies make it possible to imitate almost any material with linoleum: a natural board or tile, as in the picture.

10. Carpet

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

For those who like to walk barefoot, there is no better flooring for the home than pile carpet.

11. Modular carpet tiles

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

Modular carpet tiles are an alternative to carpet.

12. Ceramic tiles

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

Beautiful, bright, but not too warm. In our climate, only warm socks or slippers can be walked on ceramic tile floors.

13. Porcelain stoneware

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

In the Russian climate, it is desirable to use floor porcelain tiles together with the "warm floor" system.

14. Stone floor

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

A natural stone floor is great for halls and atriums in a house - it will remind you of the cobblestone pavement of medieval squares.

15. Self-leveling floor

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

It is impossible to create a white glossy floor without a single seam otherwise - only the “self-leveling floor” technology is used.

16. Cement floor

• 1 of 1

On the picture:

Cement flooring is a godsend for loft-style designer interiors.

Comment on FB Comment on VK

Also in this section

In this article, Pavel Gerasimov from the Geometrium workshop will consider the pros and cons of natural materials, their practicality and the ability to fit into the interior.

In the dining room, you can lay one large carpet, and several small ones - it all depends on the design idea. The carpet can create a general atmosphere or focus on certain areas.

It would seem that the floor in the garage does not require special frills, the main thing for him is strength. But if you wish, you can also find opportunities for implementing industrial design ideas here.

In what finishing works can one not do without gypsum-fiber sheets, what paints and adhesives they are combined with, how to read the marking correctly and which manufacturers to pay attention to?

"Soft" floors are in fashion today - they make the house comfortable and modern. What to choose: democratic linoleum, warm carpet, aristocratic leather or exotic cork?

Unlike wall decoration, flooring is done once and for many years, so flooring requires a thorough approach. Consider 10 tips for choosing flooring.

When choosing a carpet, pay attention not only to the pattern, but also to the type of pile. This will help to avoid annoying inconveniences: there are dozens of its varieties, and not every coating will suit your room.

Tiles should be practical, beautiful and safe. How to recognize a good tile "by sight", how to correctly purchase it and how much does a quality material cost?

Among the finishing materials, ceramic tiles occupy a special position. Even well-known fashion masters often participate in its development. Consider a list of some popular couturiers, designers and a

We saw an unusual design solution in a magazine, but this particular material is not sold in your city. Or worth a fortune. What now, give up the dream? - No, look for analogues.

The entire range of linoleum can be divided into three main groups: household, commercial and semi-commercial. There are also specialized coatings. How do these types differ?

The word "natural", it would seem, cannot be applied to linoleum. In our minds, this concept is firmly associated with synthetic flooring. And yet natural linoleum exists.

The renovations are coming to an end, all that's left is replacing the flooring. If little attention is paid to this stage, then the result will be banal - linoleum, tile or carpet. But knowledge of alternative solutions and their competent application can give a unique, and in some cases the best result.

The final stage of repair in any house or apartment is the replacement of flooring. Currently, the construction market offers a large number of different options. What is better and what is worse, what options are there in principle - the questions are far from being as simple as they might seem at first glance. For example, it would seem quite clear that in the bedroom and in the hallway there should be different floors, these rooms have too different purposes. Only ignorance of the possible options, the pros and cons of various types of floor coverings ultimately leads to the fact that they simply put linoleum in all rooms, and 90% of people who want to excel in something have linoleum in the hallway, and carpet in the bedroom, forgetting at the same time that the laminate costs the same as linoleum, and cork is more environmentally friendly and ergonomic than carpet. Or another example. Everyone knows that self-leveling floors are industrial floors, and very few that there is a type of self-leveling floor that is ideal for a range of living spaces. So, without aiming to find out which floors are better and which are worse, let's figure out which flooring options can be used in different types of rooms and which are not worth it, starting with traditional ones and ending with exotic, rarely used options.

Types of living quarters

We will not consider utility rooms, such as sheds, verandas, boiler rooms. Our task is the premises inside the house. These are living rooms and residential premises for household purposes - toilet / bathroom, kitchen, etc. You can determine the features of each of these premises:

1. Living rooms. Can be divided into the following types:
   • Living room, hall, dining room - characterized by high traffic, it is here that most of the time is spent. Requires hardwearing flooring that blends in with the existing interior.
   • Bedroom - requires a floor of increased ergonomics and environmental friendliness.
   • Children's room - combines the necessary qualities of living rooms and bedrooms. Requires wear-resistant, environmentally friendly, ergonomic and safety material.
2. Toilet/bathroom. The floor should be of increased moisture resistance and wear resistance, easy to clean.
3. Kitchen. Like the floor in the toilet, it must be moisture-resistant, wear-resistant, easy to clean from dirt, and at the same time oil and grease resistant. We must not forget that a large amount of time is also spent in the kitchen, so ergonomics are also important.
4. The hallway is the main source of dirt. Sand brought on shoes acts like sandpaper on the floor, so the main requirements for flooring will be increased wear resistance, moisture resistance and easy cleaning from dirt.
5. Balconies and loggias. It makes sense to consider only glazed versions of these rooms. Otherwise, precipitation and temperature changes will quickly render any coating unusable, except, perhaps, tiles or stone. For closed, unheated balconies / loggias, wear resistance and resistance to temperature changes are important. Heated balconies and loggias, in fact, are a continuation of the room.

In addition to the listed characteristics that are characteristic of different types of premises, there are requirements that are common to all. The floor should be easy to install - technologically advanced and preferably inexpensive. Before you figure out what kind of floor coverings are used in different types of premises, rmnt suggests considering what kind of floor coverings exist, what pros and cons they have.

Types of flooring

In total, today there are the following types of flooring:

• batten
• linoleum
• carpet
• laminate
• parquet and parquet board
• porcelain stoneware and ceramic tiles
• Self-leveling floors
• cork floors
• marmoleum

Let's consider each of them in more detail, and then, based on their pros and cons, we will draw a conclusion about the advisability of using them in certain premises.

Batten

Made from solid coniferous wood. Mounted on floor joists. Must be painted with either abrasion-resistant floor paint or varnish with possible pre-tinting. In the latter case, a surface similar to parquet or parquet board is obtained.

• durability - high wear resistance is achieved due to the decorative coating that is easily updated after erasing;
• high environmental friendliness;
• high ergonomics;
• plank flooring is easy to clean.

• complex installation - replacing floors from a floorboard requires special skills;
• limited design choices.

Linoleum

It is produced in the form of rolls with a width of 1 to 6 m and a thickness of 1.5 to 5 mm or in the form of linoleum tiles. It is glued to a flat base with a special mastic.

According to the material of manufacture is divided into:

• polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - the most common type of linoleum;
• rubber;
• nitrocellulose;
• alkyd.

• sufficient durability - high wear resistance (refers to linoleum from the above-average price range), all types are not afraid of water;
• easy to clean - antistatic surface repels dust and dirt;
• a wide selection of colors and textures.

• low environmental friendliness;
• low ergonomics - cold artificial surface.

carpet

In essence, it is a relative of ordinary carpets. It is made from synthetic or natural materials with increased wear-resistant and dirt-repellent properties. Available in rolls or tiles. It is glued to a flat base with a special mastic.

• easy installation, low requirements for the quality of the base;
• high environmental friendliness - for natural carpets;
• high ergonomics and safety;
• large selection of colors.

• low durability - we quickly abrade, low moisture resistance;
• low environmental friendliness - fair in relation to synthetic options;
• difficulty in cleaning.

Laminate

The MDF panel is impregnated with special resins, covered with a layer of paper with a pattern of various materials and pressed at high temperature, while the top layer is varnished. According to the degree of strength is divided into classes. For the home, a laminate of class 21, 22 or 23 is used, and for an office, hallway or kitchen it is better to choose from class 31, 32 or 33.

• easy installation - panels are connected by glue or glueless method. With adhesive, a more durable surface will be obtained, but not separable; with a glueless floor, it turns out to be easily disassembled, which allows, for example, if necessary, to replace any floorboard. Requires floor covering with a special leveling substrate;
• easy to clean - has an antistatic coating;
• a wide variety of color and texture solutions - imitates coatings of any kind.

• low durability - only high-class laminates are wear-resistant, but they are already much more expensive, low moisture resistance;
• low environmental friendliness - the use of resins, impregnations and varnishes;
• low ergonomics - an artificial surface imposes its disadvantages.

Parquet and parquet board

Hardwood flooring is essentially related to laminate and floating cork floors. A 3-5 mm decorative layer of precious wood is glued onto wooden panels. It is mounted in the same way as a laminate with an adhesive method or glued to the base.

Parquet is made from individual boards, laid in the form of a mosaic directly on the base using a special mastic.

• easy installation, low requirements for the quality of the base;
• durability - high wear resistance provides a layer of veneer 3-5 mm;
• high environmental friendliness - almost the most environmentally friendly material is wood;
• high ergonomics - the coating of warm natural wood is always pleasant to the touch;
• easy to clean.

• the design is limited only by the look of natural wood.

Porcelain stoneware and ceramic or tile

A very common flooring material. Ceramic plates are laid with tile adhesive on a concrete screed.

• durable - high wear resistance, high moisture resistance;
• high environmental friendliness - porcelain stoneware and tiles are natural materials;
• easy to clean.

• installation requires special skills;
• low ergonomics and high injury risk.

Self-leveling floors

There are the following types of self-leveling floors:

• epoxy floors
• cement-acrylic floors
• methyl methacrylate floors

More environmentally friendly - cement-acrylic floors, however, floors based on epoxy resins have a much wider choice of design solutions. Methyl methacrylate - the most expensive, so they are rarely used.

• durability - resistance to abrasion, resistance to aggressive media, such as: oil, gasoline, solvents, acids and alkalis;
• high environmental friendliness - the hydrophobic surface absolutely does not absorb moisture, as a result of which harmful microorganisms that love a humid environment do not take root on it;
• easy in any kind of cleaning - thanks to hydrophobicity and antistatic surface;
• the possibility of applying any pattern - it is used mainly in epoxy floors.

• high demands on the quality of the base. The base must be clean, dry, and most importantly - even;
• low ergonomics - hard cold surface.

Cork floors

They are veneer plates or pressed crumbs of cork bark.

There are two types:

• adhesive - a layer of cork is glued directly onto a prepared even base with a special glue. It can be both cork tiles and large sheets in rolls;
• floating - these are sheets of MDF, with a glued layer of cork.

• easy installation - more related to floating coatings;
• durability - high water resistance (this applies more to adhesive coatings) and, thanks to voluminous memory, the surface is quickly restored after any deformation;
• high environmental friendliness - natural materials are used, cork prevents the development of harmful microorganisms, mold and fungus;
• high ergonomics - soft, springy and always warm surface significantly reduces the load on the spine and is great for walking barefoot and children's games, excellent sound insulation;
• cork floors are easy to clean - they have a dirt-repellent antistatic surface;
• a wide variety of color and texture solutions, from the natural look of cork to imitation of any type of surface - stone, wood, tile, etc.

• difficulty in installing adhesive floors;
• high quality requirements for the base of adhesive floors;
• low moisture resistance of floating floors.

Marmoleum

It is made on the basis of natural woven or non-woven materials (for example, jute, hemp or linen fiber). The composition includes only natural ingredients, such as: linseed oil, pine resin, wood flour, lime powder and natural dyes. It can be in the form of rolls - actually natural linoleum, or in the form of panels like a laminate.

• easy installation, low requirements for the quality of the base;
• durability - they have increased wear resistance due to a full-thickness pattern, increased moisture resistance;
• high environmental friendliness;
• easy to clean.

• low ergonomics - a hard surface only becomes harder over time, which makes it quite traumatic.

Now let's bring together all the listed qualities of these floor coverings in relation to their use in different residential premises.

Name		Technological flexibility	For a long time- eternity	Eco- flexibility	Ergono- mentality, trauma security	Ease of cleaning	Design	Minimum price, rub./m 2	Conclusion
Batten		Low	High	High	Avg.	High	Low	600	Suitable for all types of premises, but it is better not to use in places with high humidity: toilet / bathroom, kitchen, balcony, hallway.
Linoleum (medium and above)		High	Avg.	Low	Low	High	High	400	Versatile material. Not used in children's rooms and bedrooms.
carpet	Synthetic	High	Low	Low	High	Low	Avg.	60	More suitable for office space.
	Natur.			High				1200	Good for bedroom and kids room.
Laminate		High	Avg.	Avg.	Low	High	High	200	Suitable for almost all types of premises, including the hallway, kitchen and balconies, however, for the kitchen and balconies it is necessary to use a laminate of class 23 and above, for the hallway - 32, 33, it is better not to use it for the bathroom.
Parquet		Avg.	High	High	High	High	Avg.	600	Suitable for almost all types of rooms, It is better not to use in the hallway and toilet / bathroom.
parquet board								800
Porcelain stoneware		Low	High	High	Low	High	Avg.	300	Ideal for all types of utility rooms.
Ceramic tile								250
Self-leveling floors (epoxy floor with a pattern)		Low	High	High	Low	High	High	400	Suitable for all types of business premises. Application in the living / dining room with 3D pattern will give the interior a unique look.
Cork	adhesive	Low	High	High	High	High	High	600	Suitable for almost all types of rooms. It is better not to use in the hallway and toilet / bathroom. A great alternative to carpet in bedrooms and children's rooms.
	floating	High						1500
Marmoleum		High	High	High	Low	High	High	900	Suitable for almost all types of rooms. In children's rooms, due to the hard surface, it is better not to use.

It is clear that these conclusions are far from unambiguous, since they are given separately from the price. What to use in each case is always decided on an individual basis, commensurate with the purpose, price and quality of materials. Most importantly, knowing about all the options and applying imagination, you can always achieve unique results. For example, tile and laminate are very well combined. Therefore, using these two materials in one room, you can zone the living room and dining room. In children's rooms, using, for example, cork and natural carpet, you can separate the play area and the relaxation area, and 3D self-leveling floors in the living room will become the envy of all your friends. Think, fantasize and the result will exceed all your expectations.

Related videos