Electrical switchboard: installation and assembly. Distribution board Distribution boards and control boards

It is impossible to imagine the operation of equipment at home without electricity. The main component of any power grid at home is a do-it-yourself switchboard, for example, created or purchased at any hardware store. It is necessary for the layout of all protective devices, as well as a metering device.

To date, there are many different types of shields, the use of which is typical for enterprises and private houses.

Why are shields installed?

In no apartment or the simplest office, any electrical installation work is carried out without the obligatory installation of a switchboard. Some time ago, everyone had exclusively junction boxes, but now they are no longer enough. The reason lies in safety and comfort.

If at home there is, as before, only a junction box, then nothing can be done during the replacement of sockets without de-energizing the entire apartment. For example, to connect electrical appliances with high power, it will be necessary to additionally equip them with special protective devices, which will clearly affect the free space in the room - it will decrease.

After installing a plastic switchboard or any other material made, you yourself reduce the risk of burning any of the electrical appliances. It is thanks to the operation of the shield that electrical energy can be distributed really evenly over each of the channels, and excessive current flow through any one of them can be avoided.

It is especially important today to use such indispensable devices for various premises with a large area, which are characterized by huge loads.

This situation is now familiar even for some residential buildings, given the fact how many electrical appliances are used by people in each apartment.

Which shield to choose?

The main switchboard, which can be bought at the store, is a high-quality power plant, characterized by high voltage. It is essentially a simple mechanical/electronic system primarily used to provide power to all free space.

An input-distribution type device is a whole complex of many different components used for metering, as well as for the rapid reception of electricity. Almost always it is made in a metal case, and its panels can easily replace each other.

Models of metal switchboards are devices that are also used in factories and in homes for the correct distribution of electricity. Thanks to their work, you can protect yourself not only from overcurrents, but also from a short circuit dangerous to life and health.

Automatic reserve input - all devices of this type work flawlessly when it is necessary to transfer to a certain additional power source from the main one in cases where the voltage in the house drops or any emergency occurs. Also, the room is always safe from possible overloads.

Classification

After looking at a few photos of the switchboard, it is easy to understand that this is not a high-tech device and it should be used for the most convenient installation process, as well as the subsequent use of equipment. There are no special performance requirements, and all that is needed is that it has the required number of devices and that it itself is of the right size.

When choosing a size, it is worth starting solely from the number of machines / switches, and not making a purchase on the principle that the larger the shield, the better.

Hinged or built-in shield?

If you are interested in the instructions for assembling the switchboard, then it is best to choose the built-in type switchboard first of all, since during the repair the hinged switchboard can be hooked very easily.

Built-in shields are simply deprived of such a drawback, but the process of assembling them is much easier. It is for this reason that when there is an opportunity, it is desirable to choose the placement of the shield in any niche.

Choose material: plastic, metal

It is impossible to give an unambiguous answer to the question of which material is best to choose, since during use, metal switchboards last the same amount of time as less expensive plastic ones.

However, it is worth noting that in the event that you opt for metal, you can easily repair the case in the future if necessary or attach a small lantern directly on it for convenience.

Indoor or outdoor shield?

Very often today the installation of the shield is carried out precisely on the street and for this reason the appropriate shield is selected, because otherwise it will not be possible to simply supply electricity in the future.

As a rule, a shield device of this type implies the obligatory presence of not only a good counter, but also an introductory machine. It is best to choose outdoor shields for the house only from metal and always with a lower cable entry. This will minimize the risk of water entering the system in an emergency.

Among other things, it is very important to ensure that the meter readings are always freely accessible without the need to open the cover. Thus, it will be possible to significantly increase the life of any shield.

Switchboard manufacturers

Speaking about the dimensions of switchboards, it is worth noting, first of all, the fact that if you purchase a defective switchboard, then it will definitely not be able to perform its functions at full capacity. It is for this reason that you should pay attention to trusted manufacturers in the store, such as Makel or EIK. These are representatives of the mid-price segment, but nevertheless they have proven themselves more than just successfully.

If you want the shield not only to perform many functions, but also to have an interesting appearance, you should pay attention to the FOTKA brand. But it’s better not to buy products from unknown Turkish, Chinese manufacturers, because if you decide to save money, you will most likely just have to pay twice.

Photo of switchboards

By the concept of a shield, we mean a switchgear that is used to receive and transmit electrical energy, which also performs the functions of protection against short circuits and leakage currents. Basically, switchboards of the ShchR type are not large in size and perform the function of a switchboard responsible for some sector of a residential or commercial premises.
These shields can also be called differently:

1. ShchR - switchboards
2. SHR - distribution cabinets
3. ShchRS - power distribution boards
4. ShchS - power shields
5. ShRS - power distribution cabinets

What are switchboards of the ShchR, ShR, ShchRS, ShchC types made of?

These products are divided into two types according to the installation method: hinged and internal (for installation in the wall). You can also choose the material of the cabinet shell: plastic or metal. Plastic looks more aesthetically pleasing and is suitable for some kind of commercial or residential premises, metal is more often taken for storage areas or industrial enterprises. Inside, the shield can be equipped with various knife switches, load switches, meters, automatic switches, leakage current protection devices, contactors, etc. We assemble all shields to order, so its modification is always discussed with the client.

How to choose a switchboard?

There are several basic parameters for these shields:

1. The size of the shield must satisfy the landing dimensions (the size of the room)
2. Installation method: built-in wall or hinged
3. Body material: metal or plastic
4. Enclosure protection degree: ip21, ip54, ip65, ip66.
5. Distribution equipment inside the shield (as per the project or we select for you based on your tasks and wishes).

The price of the SHR shield and the assembly time.

The price of this product depends on many factors. The main factors are: the amount of distribution equipment inside the cabinet and its price segment. It must be understood that a cabinet assembled on ABB components will be many times more expensive than an IEK shield. But the ABB shield will be of impeccable quality, and the IEC will be a budget shield that performs its functions.

An example of the price of a SHR shield on ABB devices:

Shield SHR1	PCS.	1	7 258,69
	PCS.	1
Knife switch OT40M3 3p modular (2497R0490)	PCS.	1
	PCS.	14
Mounting kit	PCS.	1
Shield SHR2	PCS.	1	6 956,33
Hinged switchboard ShchRn-P-24 IP41 plastic white transparent door (MKP12-N-24-40-10))	PCS.	1
	PCS.	1
Single-pole circuit breaker 10A C S201 6kA (S201 C10)	PCS.	14
Mounting kit	PCS.	1
Shield SHR3	PCS.	1	10 258,00
Hinged switchboard ShchRn-P-36 IP41 plastic white transparent door (MKP12-N-36-40-05)	PCS.	1
Knife switch OT63F3 3p with DIN handle/screw (1SCA105332R1001)	PCS.	1
Single-pole circuit breaker 10A C S201 6kA (S201 C10)	PCS.	19
Mounting kit	PCS.	1

Order switchboards ShchR, ShR, ShchRS, ShchS?

To ensure the reliable and safe operation of the power supply system, residential buildings and businesses use switchboards that contain protective and distribution equipment. Such devices must meet the most stringent safety requirements and have high mechanical strength, so it is better to buy them in a trusted place. The specialized online store "Electrika Cheap" offers a large selection of high-quality switchboards from the best manufacturers in the world, which you can purchase at the best prices. The range is presented here: https://elektrikadeshevo.ru/catalog/shchity-raspredelitelnye/. Our material will help you navigate a wide variety of such equipment and choose the right switchboard.

No. 1. Why do you need a switchboard?

In apartments, offices, garages and in production, they cannot do without installing a switchboard. Why is it needed, because earlier many were content with junction boxes alone? It's all about convenience and safety. If you continue to use only junction boxes, then, for example, when replacing, you will have to de-energize the entire apartment, and when connecting some powerful electrical appliances, you will have to equip them with their own protective devices, and they also need space.

Installing switchboards prevents the risk of burning electrical appliances. Thanks to the shield, electricity is distributed evenly over all channels, eliminating excessive current flow through one of them. This device is especially important for large rooms where there are huge loads, and switchboards are also necessary for residential buildings, given how many electrical appliances people use at home today.

The switchboard works not only when excessive voltage occurs, but also saves a person from electric shock.

No. 2. The main types of switchboards

A switchboard can be responsible for the safe supply of electricity to an apartment, floor, or large building. Depending on the scale of the service area, electrical panels are divided into the following types:

• Main switchboard(GRShch) is at the head of the hierarchy, it is installed at transformer substations and in large industries. It, as a rule, differs in impressive sizes, is responsible for the power supply of the whole object, protects against network overloads and short circuits. Main switchboard, evenly distributing electricity to all premises, can automatically switch from the main power input to the backup one;
  
• input switchgear(ASU) is installed at the entrance of the power cable to multi-apartment residential buildings, office centers, industrial premises. ASU distributes supply lines for apartment and floor shields, keeps records of consumed electricity, works in case of overloads and short circuits;
• emergency input of the reserve(ATS) is not used everywhere and is designed to switch consumers from the main power source to the backup in case of an accident. ATS is required for hospitals and other institutions where uninterrupted power supply is important. Sometimes such devices are used in;
  
• storey shield(ShE) is installed mainly in residential buildings for power distribution to 2-6 apartments. In such a shield, a place is allocated for modular automation and electricity meters. Can be used in administrative buildings;
  
  
• apartment shield(SC) is located at the input of the electric cable into the apartment, it is usually installed in the hallway, vestibule, less often - near the front door. Almost everyone is familiar with apartment shields; they are used for protection against short circuits and overloads, distribution of group power lines and electricity metering. The choice of switchboards of this type will be discussed.

Among other species, we note lighting boards(ShHO), which are necessary for rare switching off and on of automation, such devices protect against overloads, are used in public and commercial buildings. Switchboard(ShU) are also installed in administrative buildings to control heating equipment and. Automation shield(ShA) is required to control software controllers for ventilation, heating systems, etc. Is there some more uninterruptible power supply boards(SCHBP), which are installed when connecting computing and medical equipment that requires a constant supply of electricity and is sensitive to voltage drops.

No. 3. Types of electrical panels by installation method

According to the installation method, switchboards can be divided into the following types:

It is important to choose the right place for the electrical panel, because our safety is at stake. The following requirements apply to the installation site:

• sufficient distance from fire and explosive substances;
• good natural ventilation;
• easy accessibility. The electrician, in which case, should make a minimum of effort to get to the shield;
• a sufficient level of natural light is desirable.

No. 4. Production material

The switchboard can be made of metal or plastic. metal shield more resistant to mechanical damage, has high durability and reliability, and at the same time decent weight. The appearance of such products is not the worst, but still not ideal, so metal shields are more suitable for installation in garages and industrial premises.

For an apartment it is better to choose a neat plastic shield. These are light and aesthetic devices, and responsible manufacturers produce quite durable products that are not inferior to metal ones in terms of durability and do not require mandatory grounding. Cheap plastic shields from little-known Chinese companies tend to turn yellow over time.

On sale there are also shields made of a combination of plastic and metal.

No. 5. Shield protection against dust and moisture

The degree of moisture and dust protection is selected depending on the operating conditions of the equipment:

No. 6. Types of switchboards by design

By type of design and purpose, electrical panels are divided into the following types:

No. 7. Number of modules in the switchboard

The fundamental difference between all shields is the number of modules. Some mistakenly believe that their number should be a multiple of 12, but this is not always the case: shields designed for 16 and 18 modules are used, there are even compact models in which the number of modules does not exceed 10.

To determine how many modules you need in your case, for starters, it is best to draw up a wiring diagram indicating all points of consumption, this includes sockets, lighting fixtures, electrical appliances that consume a lot of energy (, washing machine,). Next, the groups are defined. For lighting wiring, circuit breakers are used for a current of 10 A, for socket - 16 A. As switching and protective devices, you can use not only circuit breakers, but also RCDs, or replace these two devices with a differential machine. The number of RCDs, automata and difautomatic devices must be known for the correct choice of the number of modules. It is also worth considering the presence of the counter and its size.

The width of one module is 18 mm, it is equal to the width of a single-pole switch. To connect a two-pole machine, you need 2 modules, a three-phase circuit breaker - 3, a single-phase RCD - 3, a three-phase RCD - 5, an electric meter - from 6 to 8, depending on its size (the width of the device can simply be divided by 18 mm).

For an apartment, in some cases, a shield for 12-16 modules is enough. If the counter is located in the shield, then you will have to take the device for 16-24 modules. For a large private house, a shield for more than 24 modules may be required. In large cottages, sometimes they put two shields, because due to the large length of the wiring, one in the event of an accident may not always work quickly, or may not work at all.

In addition, surge protection devices, photo relays or automatic light starters can be located in the shield. If you are not sure that you can make the right choice of switchboard, then it is better to trust the experts. Help, most likely, will be needed when assembling, installing the shield and connecting all groups of electrical appliances to it - it is better not to joke with electricity.

No. 8. Switchboard manufacturers

Defective shields will not be able to perform their functions to the fullest, being unable to evenly distribute electric current throughout all rooms. Also, such shields, if necessary, most likely will not turn off the damaged group of circuits automatically, so it is better to trust your safety to trusted manufacturers. Leader in terms of quality companyABB but its products are expensive. Shields Makel andIEK They are a little cheaper, but the quality is very good. Shields stand out in terms of design FOTKA Greek production. It is better to avoid anonymous products of Chinese and Turkish production - this is not the case when you can save money.

Finally, we note that, other things being equal, it is better to give preference to shields with a transparent door, which provide easier control over the state of the machines.

The equipment of the house cannot be imagined without electricity. The main component of the power grid at home is considered to be a shield designed for arranging protection devices and the metering device itself. There are certain types of switchboards. Their use is typical in the house and apartment.

In our article today, we will look at the various options that are purchased for installation at home. Consider the details and purpose of each of the types of electrical panels.

Important! All shields are divided into built-in and mounted. They must be used based on the type of power system in the room.

Important! It is necessary to take into account the number of modules when choosing an electrical panel.

Choosing a shield for living conditions

In the house, when choosing an electrical panel, not only safety requirements, but also aesthetics must be observed:

Attention! Any of the devices for the comprehensive protection of the power system at home can be installed independently. See instructions here.

General specifications

According to the technical characteristics, each of the types of electrical panels must comply with certain general parameters.

Firstly, the design must meet all electrical safety rules. That is, to have additional insulation to withstand high currents for a certain time, and also not to succumb to combustion and melting. Secondly, all shield panels have a specific weight for each condition.

The size of the switchboard depends strictly on how many groups your network is divided into, and how many circuit breakers and other protective devices will be installed. It is obligatory to have straps for fastening devices in all shields; the presence of a grounding rail cannot be ruled out.

Switchboards SHR are used in lighting and power installations of residential, public, administrative, industrial buildings and structures, as well as other similar buildings. The main tasks that switchboards perform SHR:

• - reception and distribution of electrical energy with a voltage of 380/220 V and a frequency of 50 Hz;
• - protection against electric shock in case of accidental contact with live parts;
• - prevention of fires caused by ignition of wire insulation due to excessively high leakage currents to the ground;
• - protection against infrequent switching on and off of group circuit lines, as well as for protection against overloads and short circuits.

SHR design

Switchboards SHR they are a metal shell with a degree of protection IP31, welded from sheet steel, in which the installation of circuit breakers and residual current devices (RCD) is provided on the rails. Input of feeding and output of outgoing lines is carried out from below or from above. Shield execution SHR mounted or recessed. Access to the shield is provided from the side of the facade through the door.

Specifications of SHR

Rated voltage, V	380/220
frequency Hz	50
Rated current of introductory circuit breakers, A	up to 160
Rated current of automatic switches and switches of differential current of lines of group circuits, A	up to 63
Rated leakage current settings of introductory differential current circuit breakers, mA	30; 100; 300
Rated leakage current settings for differential current circuit breakers of group circuit lines, mA	10; 30
Degree of protection according to GOST 14254-80	IP31
Climatic conditions normalized for execution category 4 according to GOST 15150-69	UHL

Familiarize yourself with the circuit diagrams of the primary connections of switchboards of switchboards with single-phase and three-phase supply networks.

SHP operating conditions

Climatic version UHL, location category 4 according to GOST 15150 - 69, altitude 2000 m. ambient temperature from +5oC to 40oC at relative humidity not more than 60% at +20oC.
The environment is not explosive and does not contain aggressive vapors and gases in concentrations that destroy metals and insulation, not saturated with conductive dust. Installation location SHR- protected from the ingress of water and other liquids, direct exposure to radiation, sharp shocks (shocks) and strong shaking. Working position in space - vertical.

The structure of the symbol for distribution switchboards

SHR - XY UHL4

An example of recording a device when ordering it "ShchR-3N UHL4 4 Shield": Switchboard SHR three-phase hinged execution on installation.

Completeness of SHR supply

At the request of the customer, the number of passports, instructions and keys can be changed.

Switchboard SHR - what is it?

Climbing up to the landing, the first thing that catches your eye is a new switchboard, delivered only recently. Gray, shiny, what is behind it?

Switchboard SHR- this is a metal structure, divided by a partition into three compartments: a metering compartment, a distribution compartment and a low-current one. Meters, circuit breakers and shutdown protection devices are respectively installed in each compartment of the shield.

Switchboards SHR are actively produced and sold by our company. Produced SHR designed for receiving and distributing electrical energy in three-phase four-wire and five-wire networks with a voltage of 380/220 V and a frequency of 50 Hz with a grounded neutral. Switchboards SHR protect the lines of group circuits from overloads and short circuits. You can see all specifications SHR on the same page above.

Switchboards SHR they are installed not only in lighting, but also in power plants of residential buildings, public and industrial buildings, as well as administrative and other similar structures. Light and electricity in apartments is not possible without switchboards SHR. They are used not only for their power supply, but also for the installation of devices for television, telephone and also radio broadcasting networks.

Switchboards SHR made of high strength steel, they are comfortable and reliable. For more durable use, the following requirements must be met: height above sea level is not more than 2000 meters, ambient temperature is from +5 to +40 degrees and humidity is not more than 60%. Optimal for the operation of shields is an environment that does not contain aggressive vapors and gases, is not explosive and is not saturated with conductive dust. When installing shields, avoid places with high humidity, direct exposure to radiation and sharp shocks and shakes. SHR must be installed strictly vertically.

And again returning to the landing, you see the distribution meter already familiar to you with a window for taking readings. Now he does not seem so mysterious and incomprehensible.

With MEK ELECTRICA, many things become simpler, clearer and more profitable.

Principal electrical diagrams of distribution boards

SHR 1 UHL4

SHR 3 UHL4

Elements on the diagram