Preparation of hot water in a private house (DHW). DHW system - what is it? Main types and characteristics

Decree of the Committee for Tariffs and Prices of the Moscow Region dated 12/13/2014 No. 149-R "On setting tariffs for hot water for 2015" approved a two-component tariff for hot water on the basis of Decree of the Russian Federation dated May 13, 2013 No. 406 "On state regulation tariffs in the field of water supply and sanitation. The procedure for calculating and paying utility bills is defined in the Rules for the Provision utilities, approved by the Government Decree Russian Federation No. 354. Accordingly, the procedure for calculating payment for hot water has been changed. Now the fee for 1 cubic meter hot water is made up of two components:

First- fee for 1 cubic meter of cold water.

Second- payment for thermal energy, which was spent on heating 1 cubic meter of cold water.

The component for cold water is the volume of cold water (CWS) for the needs of hot water supply. In the presence of individual metering devices (meters), this component is determined - according to the readings of the hot water metering device (DHW), in the absence of an individual metering device - according to the standard, i.e. 3.5 cubic meters per 1 person. per month.

From January 01, 2015 residents apartment buildings in the city of Lyubertsy, which are equipped with common house metering devices, charges for payment for hot water are made at a two-component tariff: component cold water for DHW and the thermal energy component for DHW.

Payment for hot water for residents of the house should also be made at a two-component tariff. The house is equipped with common house DHW meters. Payment for hot water from 07/01/2015 should be charged at the current two-component tariff: the cold water component for hot water supply (at the rate of 33.28 rubles / m3) and the heat energy component (TE) for domestic hot water at the rate of 2141.46 rubles ./Gcal.

In receipts for payment for housing and communal services from July 01, 2015, “Hot water supply” is indicated in two lines:

Cold water for hot water - the volume of cold water (HWS) for the needs of hot water supply;

TE for DHW - thermal energy spent on heating 1 cubic meter of cold water.

The indications of the common house metering device - the amount of hot water for the current month and the amount of thermal energy consumed in the current month for circulation and heating of the specified amount of water are given on the back of the receipt, for example, the following:

1089.079 cu. m. - FV for hot water supply (physical water for hot water supply);

110.732 Gcal. - TE for GVS (thermal energy for hot water supply).

The actual amount of heat energy spent on heating 1 cubic meter of cold water for a house is determined based on the total amount of heat energy to the total amount of hot water for the current month, which is:

= FC for DHW / FI for DHW = 110.732 Gcal. / 1089.079 cu. m. = 0.1017 Gcal / m3

then, the actual cost of thermal energy spent on heating 1 cubic meter of water in the current month will be:

0.1017 Gcal/cu.m x RUB 2141.46 for 1 Gcal. = 217.79 rubles.

Please note that the amount of heat energy spent on heating 1 cubic meter of cold water in each billing month may differ, because is a calculated value and depends on the amount (volume) of hot water consumed by the house in the current month and the amount of thermal energy spent on circulation and heating of this volume. Monthly, these readings are taken from the general house heat energy meter and transferred to the heat supply organization and are simultaneously recorded on the back of the receipt for each current month.

A few years ago, a new line appeared in the receipts - water heating. Many people don't know what this service is and why they have to pay for it. After all, before payment was made only for warm water. Therefore, many do not want to pay double fees. However, non-payment of the money indicated in this column leads to the appearance of debt. Since the amount for heating water in receipts is charged for a separate service.

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Heating in the account what is it?

What is heating is one of the most frequently asked questions. The document has 2 columns thermal water supply(DHW) and heating.
What is DHW - this is hot water supply. But people don't understand why they have to deposit money twice. But in fact, everything is different. DHW is not warm water, but heat energy, which is spent by housing and communal services to bring the liquid to desired temperature. Therefore, a double tariff was introduced for hot water supply and for the spent energy.

This tariff was set due to the fact that in order to achieve normal temperature, additional energy is expended. Previously, fuel consumption was not taken into account when calculating utility bills, and money was collected for this only during the heating period.
Because of what, during this period, people's expenses for heating and heating increased greatly. In order to prevent people from drastically increasing costs, the Government divided the costs spent on achieving normal temperatures for the whole year.

Is it legal to charge for this

Seeing an additional column in the check, people think if it is legal. Some immediately turn to the company's employees and clarify what the new column means and why you need to pay. And some just don't pay for it.

However, such actions of consumers will be considered illegal, since the obligation to pay for water heating is specified in the articles of the Housing Code. Also, the legitimacy of demanding payment for this is also indicated in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of June 6, 2011.

What if the equipment breaks

If the heater breaks down, then utility bills for warming up will not increase or decrease. Therefore, it is important to quickly return it to duty. In this situation, payers must immediately inform the employees of the management company about the breakdown. After receiving the application, the legal entity must immediately send specialists to restore the operation of the water heater.

It is also the responsibility of the tenants to purchase the equipment.

How to determine the cost yourself

The cost of heating cold water is indicated in the receipt. Calculate size for cold and hot liquid total amount quite simple, but few people know how to calculate the amount of payment for an additional service.

How is water heating calculated in the bill in summer and winter, and what data will you need to know:

Be sure to know what tariff is set in the region.
What losses did the management company suffer to transport the resource.
How much energy was actually used to reach the required temperature.
How much resource is consumed each month.

Not all managing organizations provide such data to residents of apartment buildings. However, any person can request this information from the HOA or the Criminal Code, and employees legal entity are required to provide reliable information on payment for services for the supply of an apartment.

If you refuse to respond to the request, the applicant may file a complaint against the employees of the management company with Rospotrebnadzor. Having received all the necessary data, you can independently calculate and compare the heating bill indicated in the bill.

Calculation of the total amount in 2018

Heating is the most expensive utility service. This is due to the fact that special heating devices are used for heating, which consume a lot of energy.

To calculate the amount of payment for heating for hot water supply, it is necessary to determine how much resource was spent, for this you need to take readings from the meter or make a calculation for hot moisture, if it is not there. The calculation of the amount of remuneration for DHW heating is made according to the following formula:

P gv \u003d Vgv × Txv + (V v kr × Vi gv / ∑ Vi gv × Tv kr)

V hw - the volume of hot water consumed during the billing period (month) in an apartment or non-residential premises

T xv - tariff for cold water

V v kr - the amount of thermal energy used for the billing period for heating cold water at independent production hot water management company

∑ Vi hw - the total volume of hot water consumed during the billing period in all

T v kr - the tariff for thermal energy in the premises of the house.

The rate set in the region is multiplied by the standard of heat required to heat a cubic meter of liquid. The resulting figure is multiplied by the amount of resource consumed.

For residents who do not have a meter, the calculation must be made as follows: the standard is divided by the number of residents in the house (apartment).
The resulting result will not be accurate, since the management company also adds the costs spent on the repair, maintenance and maintenance of special devices.

Utility bills for heating hit homeowners' budgets hard. In connection with what people do not want to deposit money for no reason. And the appearance in the paper of a new column for heating always raises questions, especially if you have to pay a rather large amount for innovation. Heating appeared on the receipt not so long ago, which is why many people still have not figured out why they have to pay for it separately, because they already pay for water supply.

Hard to imagine comfortable home or apartment without warm water. Proper organization necessary not only for domestic needs, but also is the basis of individual hygiene. A warm morning shower or a relaxing evening bath have become everyday routines. But few people know the specifics of the organization of hot water supply. What is it, what important requirements must be observed when designing a system and how to monitor its condition? To answer these questions, it is necessary to understand the fundamental principles of hot water supply.

What is DHW: tasks and functions

The main function of this system is to provide water with a proper temperature indicator for residential or production premises. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the quality of the liquid, the characteristics of its pressure in the pipes and the method of increasing the temperature to the required value. Depending on the last parameter, the DHW system is divided into 2 types:

Central. Water is heated at thermal substations (CHP) and from them, through pipelines, it is supplied to consumers.
Autonomous. To achieve the required temperature regime, special heating devices are installed - boilers, storage boilers or This type of hot water organization is intended for a small area of \u200b\u200bthe room - an apartment or a house.

Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. The central system is more convenient for consumers, but only if its operation is constant and meets temperature standards. Alas, such a situation in our country is more an exception than a rule. Central DHW - what is it, reliable way to provide comfort in the apartment or a "headache" for consumers? This largely depends on the degree of diligence of local regulatory and control bodies.

The autonomous method is more expensive, as it requires the installation of special equipment, gaskets water pipes. However, its performance and degree of comfort far exceeds the central hot water supply. The consumer himself can set the temperature level, control the energy consumption.

hot water requirements

Frequent planned outages and low temperature regime are the main disadvantages of central hot water supply. Such situations occur frequently, but according to current laws, their frequency is strictly regulated. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 defines the following standards:

The composition of the water must be sanitary standards SanPiN 2.1.4.2496-09.

To control the flow of the coolant, special devices for hot water supply are installed. Meters are mounted only by representatives managing organization with which an agreement is concluded for the supply of hot water to an apartment or house.

Autonomous systems

The practical implementation of these systems requires a professional approach to each stage of work. For design, you should know the main types of autonomous hot water supply. What it is, and how effectively a certain type will work, depends on the initial technical parameters.

Cumulative

To the boiler storage device water is drawn from external source and then heating it to the desired temperature. DHW scheme this type is applicable to country houses and cottages.

Modern designs of boilers have a number of additional functions:

Several modes of operation - economical, optimal and maximum. It is also possible to delay the start of heating.
The thermal insulation of the case ensures the preservation of heat, which directly affects energy consumption.
A wide range of models that differ depending on the usable volume, functional and operational characteristics.

To achieve the desired temperature level, electric heating elements- heating elements.

flowing

In apartment buildings, the use of heat exchange water heaters is popular. Depending on the installed equipment, the following types of devices exist:

flow heaters;
double-circuit heating boilers.

Can be used as energy carriers Electric Energy or thermal, resulting from the combustion of gas. The latter method is preferable, since it is less financially costly and more efficient due to its low inertia.

Regardless of the choice, any DHW system must comply with the standards, perform its direct functions and be absolutely safe for users.

When paying for utilities, consumers see various abbreviations on the receipts. It is important to know what is behind these letters and where the money goes. DHW is a hot water service. But what it includes and what it consists of, let's take a closer look.

Regulatory framework and definitions

Hot water, centrally supplied to consumers, in accordance with the provisions of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of 05/06/2011, is one of the communal resources. A utility service is the provision of a resource to a consumer by a service provider (supplier).

That is, in the case of hot water supply, a utility service is the supply of hot water of the required parameters to apartments in apartment buildings, dormitory rooms, enterprises and public buildings (hospitals, laundries, kindergartens, etc.).

Services for the supply of hot water to residents are provided by the heating network, which is also responsible for the implementation of centralized heating of residential and public buildings.

Service features

The preparation of hot water for the needs of hot water supply occurs at centralized heating boilers, in the same place where the heat carrier of the heating system is heated.

Boilers can be connected to a looped DHW system or be dead-end - designed for a group of houses or one house (for example, rooftop boilers). The closer the consumer is to the source of hot water (boiler room), the better the service will be, the higher the water temperature. However, connection to looped networks is preferable in terms of reliability and uninterrupted hot water supply.

The service includes:

Boiler service. Unlike heating, hot water is provided all year round, while the boiler houses switch to the summer (minimum) mode of operation.
Track maintenance.
Carrying out planned maintenance work on networks.

The water heated in the boiler room for an open (non-closed) DHW system enters the consumers' apartments through the supply water pipes, being distributed through the domestic DHW networks.

It should be remembered that hot water cannot be used for cooking due to the presence of additives in it - special additives that reduce the level of scale formation on the inner walls of pipelines.

The temperature of hot water at consumers is regulated by sanitary and legal norms and is + 50 ... + 65 ° С. In fact, it often does not exceed +40 °C.

This is due to heat losses during the supply of coolant along the routes (poor-quality pipe insulation, gusts) or due to low temperature at the outlet of the boiler room. Boiler room operators adjust the output parameters based on the outdoor temperature.

The task of the service provider is to provide the apartments with a communal resource of proper quality. Sometimes the heating system justifies poor quality rendering services in the deplorable state of networks - the routes built in the last century, requiring major repairs, will not withstand the temperature difference in winter time, if the parameters of the coolant at the outlet of the boiler house are maintained at the standard level.

It turns out a vicious circle - many residents often do not pay for hot water due to its low temperature, or even refuse this service, switching to electric water heating. And heating companies cannot produce repair work, because the debt of the population to pay does not give them an inflow of funds.

On the video about the DHW service

Outcome

Pay or not for DHW service if it turns out to be of insufficient quality, it is a purely personal matter. It is important to understand that by deciding to go down the path of non-payment, you do not just need to produce debts. It is necessary to collect the evidence base according to the following scheme: make commission measurements of water temperature, send the results to the service provider. Be sure to get an official response explaining the reasons for the low quality of the service. Having collected a package of evidence, you can go to court to defend your rights.

Muscovites began to receive new receipts for housing and communal services. After the increase in tariffs and the appearance of contributions for capital repairs, payments increased by at least 1 thousand rubles. Gazeta.Ru tells you what you need to know in order to try to save money.

“Often, active citizens who check accounts manage to reduce the amounts billed even by half. Overbilling occurs due to the fact that it includes services that are not provided, and the volume of services rendered is exceeded,” says Mikhail Anshakov, chairman of the Consumer Rights Protection Society.

How to detect deception

“The more detailed the invoice is, the easier it is to understand how reasonably the payments are calculated.

If there are few lines, the purpose of payments is not disclosed in detail - this is the first reason for suspicion. Usually the management company deliberately does not disclose the purpose of payments.

For example, if one line says “for general house needs” without explaining what exactly is included here, the amount may be overstated, include unrendered services,” warns Valery Novikov, head of the legal support department at NP ZhKKH Control.

It is worth paying attention to the final amount: if it differs from the one that was a month earlier, it is better to carefully check the entire account.

“There are planned increases, they need to be monitored. If there are no such increases, and the payment has become more expensive, it should be carefully recalculated,” the expert says.

At the same time, after the increase in tariffs (recall, they were raised on July 1), the account should be checked especially carefully. Management companies and utility providers can overcharge the bill, hiding behind a planned increase.

“It happens, for example, that they overestimate the standards, prescribe the same amount twice - as a result, the payment doubles,” says Sergey Vasilyev, chairman of the Moskontrol movement.

What do we pay for

The payment usually consists of a number of mysterious abbreviations, and each district may introduce its own abbreviations. There are a few common ones:

HVS DPU- cold water supply (cold water) according to house meters. If KPU is indicated, then you pay for water according to the apartment meter.

DHW DPU- hot water supply (hot water) according to house meters.

cold water for domestic hot water- cold water supply for hot water supply. That is, the cold water that is used for heating, in another line they give the price for the heating itself. Adding them up, get the final price of hot water.

Water outlet- water disposal (sewerage), used cold and hot water.

Heating main sq.- heating of the main area.

Sod. and rem. zhp(or sod. and rem. lived.) - maintenance and repair of living space. These are the services of a company managing an apartment building for the maintenance and current repair of common property in apartment building. That is, if you have this line, it is assumed that order is maintained in your entrance and everything works. This line may include various services (maintenance of in-house engineering equipment, cleaning, Maintenance, garbage collection, concierge services, etc.), if they are not listed in the payment, you can contact the Criminal Code for clarification.

At the same time, the amount and services that are included in the receipt must be approved by the decision of the tenants themselves at the meeting.

There are also services that in reality citizens do not use: for example, payment for an antenna and radio points. They can be waived on an individual basis by contacting the Criminal Code with a request to exclude these items from the general account.

Counter or standard

The amounts for individual consumption (utilities used in the apartment) and for general house needs (ONE, for example, the cost of heating and lighting the entrance) in the payment should be separated into different columns.

There are cases when the amount of payment for the use of utilities per person per person exceeded the amount of individual consumption in apartments.

This can happen when payments for ODN are accrued not according to meters, but according to standards (with a multiplying factor due to the lack of a meter). To cut costs, the owners must vote at the meeting for the installation of meters. Install their resource supplying organizations.

Earlier, Gazeta.Ru wrote that resource-supplying organizations often sabotage the installation of meters, since the standards bring them much more income.

If such a problem is found, you need to contact the Housing Inspectorate.

Pay attention to square meters and the number of residents

You should check whether the area of the apartment is indicated correctly in the payment. Based on square meter heating and overhaul payments are charged. Regional authorities allocate subsidies that compensate for part of the payments, but they operate only within the limits social norm(in Moscow it is 33 sq. m - for one person, 42 sq. m - for two), explains Valery Novikov. You will have to pay for housing surpluses.

Also, do not rush to register new tenants. The more people, the more expensive, for example, water will be (if meters are not installed). If someone from those registered in the apartment long time does not live in it, then you can achieve a recalculation. It is only necessary to prove the absence - for example, bring a certificate from the management company with real place residence. The same applies to summer residence in the country and long business trips: if the relevant documents are available, the Criminal Code is obliged to recalculate.

New line - overhaul

Calculating how much you have to pay for a new service is easy. In Moscow, the monthly fee is 15 rubles. per sq. m. The new line appeared in the capital in July and has already caused a wave of discontent.

Earlier, Gazeta.Ru wrote that Muscovites want to conclude an agreement with the Overhaul Fund on their own terms and demand that a number of significant points be taken into account in the agreement. However, so far the practice is not in favor of the residents.

It must also be remembered that if more than 10% of a family's income goes to pay for housing and communal services in Moscow, you can get state support in the form of subsidies.

In this case, you must apply to the district department of housing subsidies, presenting a certificate of income and a certificate of ownership. At the same time, there should be no surplus of living space: established norms- 33 sq. m per person, 42 sq. m for two.

What to do if the bill is too high

If it turns out that the bill is too high, you need to file a complaint with management company. If she does not answer, you can file a complaint with the Housing Inspectorate (you can also write there immediately, without waiting for a response from the Criminal Code). You can also contact the regional commission on tariffs.

“The housing inspectorate can be asked to conduct an inspection, on the basis of which a recalculation will be made. If it turns out that the payments were overstated, then the citizens will receive the difference, which will be charged towards the payment of future payments,” Novikov explained.

In general, so far the practice of resolving such disputes is developing in favor of consumers, experts say.

The main thing is to get what you want, it’s easier for the majority to give up if it turns out that they have to pay a hundred rubles more, and such impunity only encourages abuse, ”Anshakov warns.