Comparison of dependent and independent heating systems. Connection of the heating system dependent or independent

AT apartment buildings Residents mainly use the services of the central heating network for space heating. The quality of these services is influenced by many factors: the age of the house, wear and tear of equipment, the condition of the heating main, etc. In the heating system, a special scheme is also essential, according to which the connection to the heating network is carried out.

Connection types

Connection schemes can be of two types: dependent and independent. Connecting by dependent method is the simplest and most common option. Not dependent system heating has gained its popularity recently, and is widely used in the construction of new residential areas. What solution is more effective for providing warmth, comfort and coziness to any room?

dependent

Such a connection scheme, as a rule, provides for the presence of in-house heating points, often equipped with elevators. AT mixing unit At the heat station, superheated water from the main external network is mixed with the return one, while acquiring a sufficient temperature (about 100 ° C). Thus, the internal heating system of the house is completely dependent on external heat supply.

Advantages

The main feature of such a scheme is that it provides for the flow of water into the heating and water supply systems directly from the heating main, while the price pays off rather quickly.

disadvantages

Along with the advantages, this connection also has some disadvantages:

• inefficiency;
• temperature control is much more difficult during weather changes;
• overexpenditure of energy resources.

Connection methods

The connection can be made in several ways:

Independent

The heat supply system of an independent type allows you to save consumed resources by 10-40%.

Operating principle

The connection of the heating system of consumers occurs with the help of an additional heat exchanger. Thus, heating is carried out by two hydraulic isolated circuits. The circuit of the external heating main heats the water of the closed internal heating network. In this case, mixing of water, as in the dependent variant, does not occur.

However, such a connection requires considerable costs for both maintenance and repair work.

water circulation

The movement of the coolant is carried out in the heating mechanism thanks to the circulation pumps, due to which there is a regular supply of water through the heating devices. An independent connection scheme may have an expansion vessel containing a supply of water in case of leaks.

Components of an independent system.

Scope of application

Widely used to connect to the heating system of multi-storey buildings or buildings that require advanced level reliability of the heating mechanism.

For objects that have available premises where unauthorized access is undesirable service personnel. Provided that the pressure in the reverse heating systems or heating networks is above the permissible level - more than 0.6 MPa.

Advantages

Negative points

• high price;
• complexity of maintenance and repair.

Comparison of two types

The quality of heat supply according to a dependent scheme is significantly affected by the operation of the central heat source. This is a simple, cheap, low maintenance and repair cost method. However, the advantages of a modern independent connection scheme, despite the financial costs and complexity of operation, are obvious.

Of course, living in your own home has a huge number of advantages compared to living in an apartment in an apartment building: fresh air, the absence of constantly rattling or annoying neighbors, the ability to create all kinds of design and interior, both internal and external. Great importance during the construction of the house, it has a properly selected heating system, which can be based on both an independent and a dependent heat supply scheme. What is it and how they differ - in our article.

The fundamental difference between the two schemes

First of all, you need to figure out what an independent heating system is. Surely many of you will think that such a unit is a system that is able to function without providing it with power. However, this is not quite true. A dependent heating system operates from a centralized main, while an independent one, respectively, operates at the expense of individual resources.

In addition, the dependent heat supply scheme in in full subordinated to the source of providing it with energy resources. It is a heating boiler, a pipeline circuit and a system of radiators, which are combined with a heat main. The heat carrier, which, as a rule, is hot water, continuously functions through the system, creating the necessary temperature conditions in the house. Such a heating installation does not allow adjusting the supply water, and homeowners are forced to wait until the end heating season to make the installation stop working. Such a heating system is practiced in the vast majority of apartments in the secondary housing stock, with the exception of those where individual heating is installed.

In new buildings, an autonomous heating system is mainly used, which allows residents to independently determine the temperature of the coolant, the time and end of the heating season.

Main characteristics of an independent heating system

An independent scheme for connecting the heating system operates autonomously and does not depend on centralized energy resources. Of course, the installation of such a heating unit will cost several times more than the installation of a dependent unit, but at the same time it has a number of advantages:

1. The use of technical water for domestic purposes.
2. Despite the fact that the purchase and installation of components, Supplies and functional equipment will cost you not so cheap, the savings will be felt on the consumption of fuel resources.
3. Adjustable and comfortable temperature conditions for living.
4. Dependent and independent heat supply system also differs in the type of coolant. In the first case, the highway circulates industrial water, in which there are all kinds of impurities (sand, salts, etc.), which eventually clog the circuit, preventing the full movement of the coolant. And this, in turn, leads to a decrease in the temperature regime inside the heated room. Whereas in the case of an independent heating unit, the homeowner can easily use purified water as a heating medium. This will not only prevent blockage of the heating main, but also extend the operational life of the functional equipment used to construct such a unit.
5. There is another difference between these two home heating options. So, absolutely all boiler houses, through which centralized heating is provided, operate on electricity, and as soon as power failures occur, the water in the circuit begins to cool. In turn, an independent heating system can fully function without electric power resources. You can buy a heating element that runs on solid fuels. Such a unit is a metal container equipped with a thermostat and mechanical adjustment devices. This version of the heating block will avoid being tied to a centralized gas pipeline. But at the same time, there are also some difficulties in using equipment of this kind. So, from time to time there is a need to load fuel into the blower. Therefore, in order to simplify the task, experienced specialists recommend making bunkers and conveyors through which fuel materials are supplied. As energy resources, you can use wooden saw cuts, because without electricity, unfortunately, you will not be able to start the conveyor.

This, in fact, is the whole difference between a dependent and independent heat supply system. And if you live in a large private house, then you will surely appreciate the advantages of the last method of heating your home.

VIDEO: Analysis of the heating scheme

Varieties of boilers

A properly selected and installed heating boiler is the key to an efficient operation. heating system!

As a rule, the choice of a heating device is based on the specifics of the use of a particular type of fuel. There are also combined options, allowing the use of two or three types of fuel, depending on its availability and availability.

Operating on gas

The simplest and most popular option for installing the heating system of a private house. First, compared to other energy resources, gas is the safest and most profitable. Secondly, such equipment is an automatic installation that does not require the constant presence of a person. You only need to set up the unit once and you can long time forget about it altogether.

Without a centralized gas supply, such a unit will not work for a long time. It is extremely difficult and economically impractical to change cylinders filled with gas with enviable regularity to ensure full heating of the room.

Electric boilers

Such models are suitable for heating private houses, where there is no possibility of connecting to a centralized gas pipeline. But again, power outages can lead to cooling of the coolant, which is not very comfortable in winter time of the year. And on accumulating devices, it is unlikely to work for a long time. And besides, this heating option will not be so cheap.

Working with electrodes

Instead of a heating element, electrodes are installed in such equipment, due to which the water is ionized and, as a result, it is heated. This option is not as popular as the previous one, but at the same time it is much safer and more durable.

True, such an apparatus will have to be regularly readjusted and constantly monitor the quality of the incoming water, on which the efficiency of the unit largely depends.

Solid fuel units

Most quality example independent heating system. Such units are also divided into several types depending on the type of fuel. So, carbide boilers can work on:

• firewood;
• coal and coke;
• pellets made from wood waste.

In addition, there are still such models that can function both on wood and on coal. Combinations such as electricity + coal, firewood + electricity, etc. are also known.

Oil boilers

This heating device works on diesel fuel. It can also be safely called an independent heat source. But at the same time, unlike the previous version, the cost of this type of fuel is getting higher and higher every year, so today not many people decide to equip their homes with such heating installations.

As you can see, heating a private house can be done using all kinds of equipment and energy resources. The choice is always up to the homeowner!

VIDEO: An example of heating a private house

Dependent and independent heat supply systems differ in the way they are connected and have fundamental differences. In future publications, we will dwell on their differences in more detail, offer detailed, schematic calculations. Now we will present you only the basic, conceptual definitions of the difference between systems.

Dependent heating systems

Dependent heating systems there are no intermediate heat exchangers, heating points. This issystems in which the coolantsteps directlyto the consumer's heating system.
The main advantage of such systems is their simplicity from a constructive point of view.
Main disadvantage dependent heating systemis the extremely low efficiency of the system. The great difficulty in adjusting the temperature of the coolant during sudden temperature changes in the weather leads to overheating or underheating of the premises (decrease in comfort), as well as to the excessive consumption of consumed energy resources.

The use of this system during construction has now been abandoned.

Transfer from dependent heating system to independent allowingget savings on consumed resources on 10-40% per year.
Independent heating systems This systems in which the consumer heating system is separated from heat producerthrough the use of hydraulically isolated circuits. In the role of hydraulic insulators of the circuits, they are used heat exchangers various designs(tubular, lamellar, etc.). This is a classic heat supply scheme using central heating points and is currently most widely used in the construction of new microdistricts.
FINDINGS:
An independent heating system hasthe following important advantagescompared to dependent, This
1. Possibility of fine adjustment The amount of heat, supplied consumer (through regulationcoolant temperature in the consumer circuit);
comment: in this case, it becomes possible to adjust the temperature of the coolant depending on the outdoor temperature, which in turn makes it possible to achieve a stable, comfortable temperature air in the room (20-22 degrees C) with any sudden, temperature, weather changes.
2. High reliability system is provided through an integrated approach to the design of the heat supply system locality and is provided by loopback systems with the possibility of emergency switching of consumers from various sources of heat supply.

In multi-apartment buildings, the overwhelming majority use the central heating system for heating. However, the quality of such services depends on many factors, including the condition of the heating mains and equipment. The scheme of connecting the house to the heating network is also important. In this case, you will learn about dependent and independent connection methods, as well as how to make the heating in the apartment non-volatile.

Connection options

Currently, there are two main connection schemes:

• dependent - is considered the simplest, therefore it is most often used;
• independent - gained popularity relatively recently, it is widely used in the construction of new residential areas.

Below we will take a closer look at each method in order to find out which solution will be the most effective for providing comfort and coziness to your room.

Dependent connection method

This connection option usually requires the creation of in-house heat points, often equipped with elevators. In their mixing unit, superheated water from the external main network is mixed with the return, which makes it possible to reduce its temperature to the required temperature, usually below 100 °C. Thanks to this, the heating system inside the house is completely dependent on external heat supply.

Advantages

The main feature of the scheme is that water is supplied to the heating and water supply system directly from the heating main, so the costs in this case are paid off for a short time: subscriber input equipment is simple, and its cost is inexpensive; a dependent heating connection scheme is able to withstand large temperature differences; pipeline diameter is smaller; coolant consumption is reduced; operating costs are low.

disadvantages

As in any scheme, here you can find not only positive aspects, but also negative ones, among which it should be noted: inefficiency; it is significantly difficult to adjust the temperature regime during weather changes; there is a waste of energy.

Connection methods:

• direct connection;
• with elevator;
• with on jumper;
• with pump mounting on supply or return;
• combined option - elevator and pump.

Independent connection method

Experts say that this option of heat supply makes it possible to reduce resource costs by almost 40%.

In the current situation with their constant rise in price, this will significantly save the family budget.

1. The principle of operation is as follows:

• connection of the heating system of subscribers is carried out using an additional heat exchanger;
• heating occurs due to two hydraulic isolated circuits - the main heating main heats the coolant of a closed internal heating network;
• in this case, mixing of water does not occur.

Tip: If you decide to install this system, be prepared for high costs for its maintenance and repair.

1. The circulation of the coolant occurs in the heating mechanism due to the circulation pump, which regularly supplies it through heating elements. AT independent scheme connection, an expansion tank with a supply of water in case of leaks can be provided. In this case, it is possible to maintain the circulation of the coolant with a certain amount of heat even in case of accidents in the heating main.
   In fact, this means that if the feed hot water will stop along the heating main, the temperature in the heated rooms will not drop sharply for a long time.
2. Scope of application this method connections are quite wide.
   For example, it is used:

There is one condition - the pressure in the return must be more than 0.6 MPa.

1. Advantages of the method:

• the instruction allows you to adjust the temperature;
• great energy saving effect.

1. Disadvantages:

• high price;
• complexity of repair and maintenance work.

Circuit Comparison

1. The dependent option has one, but an important plus - the low cost of implementation. Elevator node in a small country house without special work assembled by hand from stop valves, which can be purchased at a store or in the market. The only expensive part will be only the nozzle, on which the capacity of the elevator depends.
2. An independent circuit allows you to:

• to adjust the temperature of the coolant;
• increase the efficiency of use, bringing this level up to 40%;
• does not enter the heating system a large number of contaminants such as scale, sand and mineral salts. The heat carrier can be purified water or non-freezing liquids.
• you can easily heat clean drinking water for hot supply needs.

Energy independence

Heating systems can be divided into those that need constant electricity and those that do not. In the first case, it is necessary to ensure the movement of the coolant through pipelines and radiators.

Gas

1. Non-volatile gas boilers heating for switching on, manual ignition is used, using a piezoelectric element. The flame is controlled by a mechanical thermostat. If the temperature of the coolant exceeds the set one, the main burner is extinguished, but the supporting burner continues to work.
2. In boilers with electronic ignition, the gas supply stops completely. After the coolant has cooled to a critical temperature, the main burner is ignited by an electric discharge, and heating is resumed. Often, electricity is also needed for operation, supplying air to the burner.

Tip: connect the heating boiler through a UPS with a tank battery if you have frequent power cuts for a short time.

When choosing a scheme, you should pay attention to how often you have power outages. If so, it is better to purchase a non-volatile gas heating boiler. The device can work normally without electricity at all.

Tip: when choosing non-volatile heating, be prepared that you will have to spend up to 20% of fuel to support the burner that maintains the fire.

Conclusion

There are two heating connection schemes - dependent, in which the coolant enters the system directly from the main heating main through the elevator, mixing with the return, and independent, where the internal circuit does not mix with the external one, which serves to heat it through the heat exchanger.

You also learned how a non-volatile boiler differs from one where it is very important to connect it to electricity. Each option has its own characteristics, which were considered in detail. You just have to make a choice. The video in the article will provide an opportunity to find Additional information on the above topic.

The growing popularity of autonomous engineering tools already at the design stage of a house inclines the future owner towards an independent heating system. This is far from perfect solution, but many are willing to pay for its benefits. Moreover, the possibility of savings with such a choice is not completely swept aside. But there are also issues of safety, reliability and ergonomics of using equipment, therefore both dependent and independent heating systems should be considered in detail and with an emphasis on specific conditions of use. In this case, the most pronounced features and differences of each of these concepts will be noted.

Dependent heating system

The central link of such communications is the elevator unit, through which the tasks of regulating the coolant are performed. From the heating main to the distribution unit of a residential building, water is supplied through a pipeline, and mechanical control is carried out by a system of inlet valves and valves - typical plumbing fittings. At the next level, there are locking mechanisms that regulate the supply of hot water to the return and inlet circuits. Moreover, the heating system in a private country house can provide for two tie-ins - for the return line and the supply channel. Further, the home tie-ins are followed by a chamber in which the heat carriers are mixed. Hot streams can indirectly contact water in the return circuit, transferring some of the heat to it. Summarizing this part, we can conclude that the water is directed to DHW system directly from the central heating main.

Independent heating system

The principal feature of this system is the presence of an intermediate collection point. In residential private houses, it can be implemented as a control station (including for pressure reduction), but this scheme is made independent by the integration of a heat exchanger. It performs the functions of a rational and balanced redistribution of hot streams, also maintaining, if necessary, an optimal temperature regime. That is, with an independent connection of the heating system, the heating network as such does not act as a direct source of supply, but only directs flows to an intermediate technological point. Further from it, in accordance with the settings made, in a more point version, supply and drinking water, and hot water supply with heating and other household needs.

Comparison by the degree of dependence on electricity supply

Energy independence in this case refers to the absence of electricity. In other words, how communications will be able to continue their work if, for one reason or another, the light is turned off. Are there any differences in principle between dependent and independent heating systems in this aspect, because both infrastructures can provide for the operation of energy-intensive boilers? Indeed, in practice, most often both systems are equal in this regard, but the scheme of dependent connection to the central heating network itself can do without electrical equipment and supply the consumer all year round even without light - of course, if failures of another kind are not observed. In the case of an independent system, even with minimal equipment, the same presence of a collector unit with automation is more likely to make the system inoperative or cut in functionality for an emergency period in the power grid.

Comparison for reliability and durability

The practice of operating technically complex and multilevel systems shows that they are less maintainable and more often must be subjected to preventive inspections with maintenance measures. It cannot be said that an independent connection of the heating system reduces general level reliability and safety (in some cases it even increases), but the tactics of carrying out repair and restoration measures should be at a different and more responsible level.

At a minimum, an increase in labor and time resources will be required when inspecting the heat exchanger and adjacent piping. Possible uncontrolled accidents at this node can lead to damage to the pipeline. Therefore, experts recommend installing several sensors with pressure, temperature and tightness control. The latest collector cabinets also provide for the use of self-diagnostic complexes for continuous monitoring of the system status. As for the closed heating infrastructure, such control and measuring fittings will also not be superfluous for it, but in this case its need is not so high.

Ergonomic comparison

Actually, all of the above disadvantages of independent systems are determined by the desire of users to get both an easy-to-use and economical means of heating. How is this achieved? It is due to the intermediate control and distribution unit connected to the heat exchanger. The main differences between independent and dependent heating systems in terms of control are that in the first case a wider range of options is provided for fine tuning parameters DHW operation. In particular, automatic control means allow you to program the distribution of heat in given volumes and according to the intended contours for certain time intervals - from hours and days to weeks.

Advantages of dependent heating systems

In addition to the already mentioned reliability and reduced maintenance costs (at least on the part of the user), one can emphasize the rather high performance and stable maintenance of the hot water temperature at an average level of 95 ºС to 105 ºС. At the same time, both dependent and independent heating systems can equally regulate the thermal regime. Only in the first case, public utilities will be responsible for this regulation, integrating radiators into distribution systems for mixing water with different temperatures. Precisely for apartment buildings This is the optimal solution in terms of performance and financial feasibility.

Cons of dependent heating systems

Of the negative aspects of the operation of such systems, the following are noted:

• Intensive contamination of working circuits with scale, dirt, rust and all kinds of impurities that may well enter consumer equipment.
• Higher requirements for repair activities. The fact is that dependent and independent heating systems in such cases require the connection of specialists of different levels. It is one thing to make repairs on the main line once a year, and another thing is to perform a comprehensive inspection of the piping monthly. elevator node at home.
• Water hammer is possible. Incorrect connection of communications or excessive high pressure in the circuit can lead to pipe ruptures.
• Low basic quality of the coolant in terms of composition.
• Difficulties of control and management. At technological stations for municipal water heating, the process of updating the same shut-off valves is rather slow, which can lead to disturbances in pressure balances.

Advantages of independent systems

Already at the approach to the main consumers of the home water supply network, a whole range of preparatory measures is provided to ensure the distribution, filtration and adjustment of the coolant pressure. All loads fall not on the final equipment, but on the heat exchanger with a hydraulic tank, which directly receive resources from the main source. Such resource preparation is practically impossible in private when operating dependent heating systems. The connection of an independent circuit also allows rational use of water for drinking needs of optimal purification. The streams are divided according to the intended purpose and each line can provide a separate level of training that meets the technological requirements.

Cons of an independent heating system

Of course, the introduction of additional regulatory and instrumentation equipment into the infrastructure will cost a lot. Considering the use as the main heating unit boiler or radiator with pump support for circulation, then we can talk about 500-700 thousand rubles. In this respect, dependent and independent heating systems diverge radically. By the way, a dependent connection can do without tangible costs. Another thing is that in a private house, owners usually introduce fairly efficient boilers and boilers into the network. In addition, high security requirements are also noted among the shortcomings. This does not mean that a stand-alone circuit with several layers of piping is in itself a great danger, but expanding the network with connection to a dozen intermediate devices imposes a great responsibility on the user when operating the system.

Dependent lines for connecting heat carriers are now perceived as obsolete, and independent lines as a more functional, balanced and ergonomic solution. But which heating system is suitable if we are talking about the average private house with a typical amount of energy consumption? Initially, you can focus on certain configurations of independent systems, but do not forget about the following nuances:

• If there are technical difficulties in arranging heating equipment, then a dependent system will be more justified.
• If periodic power outages are observed, then an autonomous generator will have to be purchased along with the heat exchanger.
• The longer the heating period lasts, the more profitable the transition to a dependent system will be.
• For dachas and, in principle, low-cost objects in terms of thermal energy, in the long term, it is advisable to make a choice in favor of an independent connection.

Can one system be converted into another?

Theoretically, this is quite possible - both in one direction and in the other. Basically, they just modernize dependent systems, but there may well be a need to reconstruct independent infrastructure. At the same time, the most rational option when it will be possible varying degrees to keep the advantages of both systems, will be the implementation of an independent heating system with closed input circuits. This means that those functions that in the standard independent circuit were performed by a separate collector unit with a full set of control units, in this case, will be taken over pointwise installed devices. At different levels of a home network, before approaching consumers, you can insert filters, compressor units, distributors, circulation pumps and hydraulic tank.

Conclusion

Nevertheless, safety remains the decisive factor in choosing one or another heating system. And if in one case employees of service organizations will be responsible for it, then in another, these tasks will be taken over to a large extent by the user himself. And in both situations, experts recommend periodically ordering an independent examination of the heating system, which will allow you to professional level assess the current state of the pipeline and adjacent circuits with technological equipment. By the way, this is especially important for residents who use the communications of old houses. In such cases, complex diagnostics of the connection to the heating network, checking the tightness and compliance of the insulation established requirements should be done regularly.