How to cut a hole in different types of sinks. How and how to cut drywall and make holes in it How to cut holes

In today's tutorial we will talk about how to make holes in models: round, square and freeform. The topic is quite extensive and there are many ways to build, for sure, every experienced user of 3D Max will have his own. I tried to consider those that even a beginner can easily understand.

Let's start easy: learn how to cut a square hole, like a window. The simplest and the obvious way is laying a grid for future windows at the stage of building walls in 3ds max. That is, when creating a box, we prescribe to it the number of segments in length, width and height.

Thus, all that remains for us is to transfer the object to Editable Poly, edit the position of the grid and extrude the windows outward to the thickness of the walls with the Extrude command. Unnecessary polygons inside can be deleted immediately.

For those who do not remember how to close the hole: go to the Border level, select the edge of the hole and press Cap.

The method really quickly helps to cut holes in the wall of the building, but it has drawbacks. Firstly, it does not work if the walls are not built from a box, but, for example, using the . Secondly, the 3d object is littered with extra edges that are absolutely unnecessary, for example, on the ceiling. Of course, they can be removed, but who needs extra work?

Creating a square hole with Connect

We considered another way to create a hole. It can be used while working in 3ds max to make holes in the wall of a building that has a more complex shape than a square. To do this, we use the Connect command.

The polygon mesh is not littered in this way, there are no extra lines.

How to cut round holes

Using boolean operations

We have already discussed this method of cutting a hole in an object in great detail. The method is really good for its simplicity, but the mesh after boolean manipulation can turn out to be “curved”. Sometimes mesh problems can be solved by using ProBoolean.

With ProCutter

This tool allows you to make holes in much the same way as Boolean. We create an object in which we will cut holes, and an object, or several, that we will cut. I have two cylinders.

Now select the big cylinder and apply ProCutter to it. Click Create - Compound - ProCutter.

We select a large cylinder, prescribe the settings as in my screenshot, then, with the Pick Stock Object button pressed, select the objects that we will subtract.

We get perfectly round holes.

"Manual" method

This method allows you to more correctly fit the circle into the 3-d model grid, but you will have to spend much more time. Create a sphere using Standard Primitives and convert it to Editable Poly.

Switch to Vertex mode and check the box next to Ignore BackFacing, so we don't accidentally hook points on the other side of the sphere.

Mark any grid square, select three of its vertices (as shown in the screenshot) and connect them with a diagonal using Connect. We create two diagonals using this method.

Select a point at the intersection of the diagonals and press the Champfer button, prescribe the radius.

Go to the Edge level and select the two opposing grid lines, then press the Connect button, set 4 segments.

We do this with all the edges adjacent to the circle.

We switch to the Vertex points mode, we must select the points belonging to the future circle. Throw in Spherify.

We get a round hole. Now we can convert the object, for example, to Editable Poly in order to manipulate it.

With Loop Regularizer

Another way is to use the free Loop Regularizer script, which can be downloaded from the link. Download it, then drag the saved file to open window 3d max.

How to use the script, I'll tell you with an example. Create a rectangle, give it two segments in height and width. Convert it to Editable Poly. Go to the Edge editing level and double-click to select all the ages that divide the rectangle in half in the vertical plane.

Press the Chamfer button, set the number of segments (the more, the more rounded the hole), set the distance.

Now we will do the same for the horizontal ages.

Go to the Polygon level and select all the polygons in the center on both sides of the rectangle.

Right-click on the screen and select the Regularize line that appears after installing the script.

The square has been transformed into a circle. As I said, it would be smoother if we set more Chamfer segments.

Now press the Bridge button and get a through hole.

Cutting complex holes

Projecting with Shape Merge

Now, since we've moved on to more interesting methods, let's talk about projection using the Shape Merge tool. Projection helps to “impose” a spline of arbitrary shape on the polygons of objects, and then manipulate them. Let's look at an example. We create a cube and .

Select the cube and choose Create - Compound - Shape Merge.

We press the Pick Shape button, the inscription is projected onto our cube.

The cube can now be converted to Editable Poly and then cut into a recess by extruding the label with Extrude. Please note that when translating to Poly, a lot of unnecessary Edges appear. This, of course, is best avoided.

It is also worth noting that a spline cannot be correctly applied to a curved surface using this method. Lying on an arc, the shape will be distorted.

To install a sink in a countertop, you need to spend a lot of time and work. But if you cut a hole in the furniture block correctly and install it, washing dishes will not seem like such a burdensome task. Next, we will talk about how to cut a countertop for a sink.

Making and applying a template

The process of installing a sink in a countertop consists of several stages. To properly perform this time-consuming work, you must carefully cut a hole in the countertop, while it is advisable to follow the instructions below.

• First you need to purchase a blank sheet of cardboard required size, from which the template will be cut. This work step will be simplified if the manufacturer, as is often the case, makes the template himself and puts it in the product packaging. It remains only to cut the template along the traced contour with scissors. If there is no template, you need to take the sink, turn it upside down, attach it to the cardboard, then use a pencil to draw the necessary outline and cut the template along the finished contour. If there is no packaging with a picture, and no required sheet cardboard, the outline of an inverted sanitary ware is carried out directly on the countertop.
• Next, you need to evaluate the future location of the furniture block. It is necessary to know in advance where the mixer will be installed, how to make the piping, whether it is expected to trim the countertop before the final installation. It is also necessary to look at the design of the furniture from the inside. This will allow you to determine which elements, if necessary, can still be cut, and which cannot be touched - the supporting fragments of the countertop must remain intact and intact.

• Once the template is ready, it's time to use it. To mark the tabletop, you need to attach a template to its surface, while it must be motionless. After this operation, a contour is drawn. The same work is carried out if a factory template is available. On the circled line, it will be possible to cut immediately. If a cardboard is used or an inverted sink was outlined in pencil on the countertop, it will be extra work. The fact is that the drawn line will repeat the edges of the sink, and its bowl will be inserted into the future hole. Therefore, you need to draw one more contour - the inner one. When drawing it, you need to take into account the distance from the edge of the sink to the fastening elements of the plumbing fixture. The result is a new template that focuses on the dimensions of the bowl. It is applied to the surface of the countertop and a new contour is applied along which it will be possible to cut a hole.
• There is an option in which a cardboard template is attached to the surface of the countertop and a hole is sawn along its edges. If you look at such work from a practical side - it's inconvenient - it's better to draw a contour with a pencil. When cutting along a drawn line, there is real probability the formation of chips on the inner edges of the tabletop. To avoid marriage, it is recommended to stick masking tape on the surface in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe intended contour, which can be easily removed in the future. In order to start sawing, it is necessary to make a hole with a drill in the body of the countertop from the inside of the drawn line. IN drilled hole the jigsaw file is pulled out, after which it is fixed in the tool. You need to saw carefully and without haste, since when pressed, the canvas can go away from the intended contour.
• The resulting cut is cleaned sandpaper, blown and carefully lubricated with silicone. Thanks to this composition, the harmful effects of moisture on the cut surface will be minimized. If any fragments of the furniture block interfere with the installation of the sink bowl, they must be carefully trimmed. Measurements for trimming must be done accurately - it is not recommended to perform such work “by eye”. You need to know that when using the manufacturer's template, cutting out internal elements is much easier and easier, since such nuances are also provided for in its manufacture.

Installing a sink in a countertop

• To proceed with the final installation of the sink, it is necessary to do some compulsory work. First you need to try on the pipes and assemble the siphon, then internal structure countertops need to make holes for sewerage and plumbing. All these works are performed with a jigsaw or a crown. After that, the installation of the mixer is carried out, if a place has been prepared for it on the countertop. In addition, if necessary, cut the hoses. If the mixer will be installed on the sink itself, a place for the equipment is determined on the plumbing fixture and a hole of the desired diameter is drilled.
• Before installing the sink, a sealing tape is put on the sanitary ware - it, as a rule, comes with the appliance. The tape is fixed near the edge, while leaving a special groove free, into which silicone will be poured. Then fasteners are installed in their places, which, when tightened, are not tightened - they will be fixed tightly after the entire structure is finally aligned. If the faucet is to be fixed to the sink, it is time to mount it. The hole is abundantly smeared with silicone, after which the sanitary ware is installed in the hole for the sink. Before installation, the fasteners must be bent. In order for the sink to sit in its place and fit well into the contour of the opening, you need to move the plumbing fixture a little. After that, you need to climb under the sink and finally tighten the fasteners. While the sealant is in liquid state, it is wiped off - after a while the composition will seize and harden. If gaps remain somewhere, they also need to be sealed with sealant.

The sink is installed on the countertop. Plumbing fixtures can be used.

Video

The correct preparation of the hole in the countertop and the installation technology of the sink are shown in the following video:

A photo

During overhaul are held on the premises electric installation work. Initially, electricians "bring" wires from electrical panels, and then install mounting boxes for sockets.

When we are talking about the kitchen "apron", then the installation of socket boxes should be carried out before finishing work - tiles must be laid after installation mounting boxes. Usually, a hole in a tile for an outlet is made by professional craftsmen, but these types of work are also performed independently.

Tiles - aesthetic finishing material, but it is highly durable, which makes it difficult to cut. Especially when ceramic tile has a glazed surface, when drilling a hole, the tool slips and the upper surface splits. Because of this, it is necessary to buy tiles with a margin, approximately 10% of the total footage of the tiled floor.

Features of working with tiles

To accurately cut a hole in a tile for an outlet, you should follow these rules:

1. Markup. You need to mark the hole drilling area with a marker - mark the contour on outside tiles.
2. Pasting. If we are talking about glossy tile material, you should paste over the cutting area with mounting tape, adhesive tape. This process will prevent the drill bit from slipping when cutting. You can make a contour with a nail by scratching the surface along the markup.
3. Wetting. Professional craftsmen usually use special equipment that wets the tile with water when cutting. But you can simply put the tile in water for an hour to reduce dust and prevent cracking. You need to cut the tiles at low speeds. The diamond blade is used for dry cutting.

1. Safe distance. It is necessary to drill with an offset from the edge of at least 15 mm to avoid chipping.
2. Convenience. To make it convenient to make a hole, you need to lead the tool away from you from any edge. If you change the direction of processing during drilling, the cut lines may not converge. Cutting must be done exclusively from the front side. If the tile is already on the wall, you need to drill a hole with a hand drill.

Required Tools

Since the holes for the sockets can be round or square, you should choose the most suitable tools. For round holes, a jigsaw, a ballerina, a drill and a diamond crown are used.

For square holes they use - a glass cutter, a jigsaw, a drill and a grinder - the choice of tool depends on the individual wishes and capabilities. The main thing is to take into account all the rules of safe cutting.

Ways to cut holes in tiles

The choice of tools for cutting holes for sockets is large, so there are many ways to cut. The choice of drilling option depends on the availability of the tool and the personal desire of the carver.

Cutting with a hole saw

If there is a drill in the house, then special nozzles, including a crown, must be included in the set. Otherwise, you can buy it at any power tool store. And choose a crown to drill tile, follows in accordance with the size of the mounted socket. The seller will tell you the appropriate diameter.

Cutting with a crown on a tile for a socket is considered the most fast way making holes. The main thing is to use a drill, not a puncher, to eliminate chips and cracks on the tile. It is necessary to drill at minimum speed, approximately 2-3 minutes per hole. You need to cut on a thick wooden board for best quality holes.

To work with tiles, 3 types of crowns are used:

1. Diamond crowns. Commonly used professional craftsmen. They drill quickly and accurately, which causes their high cost.
2. Victory crowns. They are inexpensive and can be used up to 20 times. Drills with high quality, the same as a crown with diamond-coated.
3. Carbide crowns. They are not inferior in cutting quality to the two previous types, but they cost 3 times cheaper than victorious crowns.

The drilling process is simple: insert a crown into the drill and press it. Then, according to the marking, drill a square or round hole, without pressing with great force. Cutting should be carried out on a flat board, it is better to use a diamond-coated crown. Rough edges can be corrected with a file or emery.

Cutting with a ballerina

A metal bar with adjustable cutters and a drill is called a "ballerina". This tool is similar to nibblers and is an attachment for a drill. Usually, a ballerina is enough for a maximum of 20 cuts, and it has a relatively low cost. It is most difficult to cut a hole in a tile with a ballerina, since you cannot change the slope of the angle when cutting. Therefore, you need to install the drill on a special tripod.

The process of cutting by a ballerina consists of 3 stages:

• in addition to the usual markings, it is necessary to mark the center of the circle;
• set the guide drill to the center of the circle, and adjust the cutters for the diameter;
• drill slowly and accurately up to 3 minutes at minimum speed.

Cutting with tungsten wire

To eliminate any tile defects when cutting, you need to use a tungsten string. This method is relevant only for the home, since it takes from 20 to 30 minutes for one hole, which is impossible for industrial purposes.

Cutting with a tungsten string is performed as follows:

• apply markings on both sides of the tile;
• make a hole with a drill inside the circle;
• insert the string into the hole made by the drill and saw through the hole according to the marking.

Tungsten string can be bought at any hardware store. She is inserted into the saw in place cutting blade. This method is neat, but time consuming.

Cutting with a thin drill bit

If urgent cutting of tiles for an outlet is necessary, but there are no special tools, a victorious drill is often used, which is inserted into a drill and a hole is made.

15-20 holes are made along the marked line on the tile with a drill bit up to 8 mm in size, and then the remains of the tile are removed with wire cutters or pliers. Irregularities are also easily eliminated with emery or a small file.

Using a grinder

A grinder is often used to cut a hole. This method is applicable when there is no tile on the wall yet. Front cutting in progress tile material. Initially, as a rule, mark the contour of the cutout with a marker. Then start drilling with a grinder with diamond disc away from you.

Using a jigsaw

This method is acceptable when the tiles have not yet been laid. A diamond drill is inserted into an electric jigsaw and a hole is drilled, markings are made, a jigsaw blade is inserted and a hole is cut out along the indicated contour. Sometimes the hole for the socket is made with a hacksaw.

Before you start cutting, remember the safety rules and do not do such manipulations without experience. If you did not hold a drill, tile cutter or grinder in your hands, it is better to call a specialist in finishing work so that you have a neat and beautiful hole for the outlet.

Any design, whether in your home or in production, involves working with metal.

Often, during the operation of this material, the question may arise: how to cut a circle in?

It deserves attention, since the laboriousness of the process of performing work and the quality of its result directly depend on the choice of the right tool and technology.

Metal can be thin or thick and strong, so a variety of tools are used to cut it.

The choice of materials and cutting technology also depends on what diameter the circle is needed and how even it should be.

Jigsaw application

If there is a need for a perfectly even circle, you can use an electric one to cut it.

The work is carried out in several stages:

• First, the thickness of the metal is determined and the appropriate saw blade for electric jigsaw.
• Before cutting a circle in metal with a jigsaw, the outline of the circle to be cut is outlined on the working plane.
• With the help of a drill and a drill (with a diameter of eight to ten millimeters), a hole is cut out from which work will begin.
• A jigsaw saw blade is placed in the resulting slot and cutting continues as planned.

Cutting with this tool does not take much time and effort. Moreover, using a jigsaw, you can get a circle with perfect edges. But this tool is used only for working with metal of minimum or medium thickness (for example, 2 - 3 mm).

The use of grinders

The grinder is used in working with metal of small thickness. You can form a round hole with this tool by following these step-by-step tips:

• Before cutting a circle in metal with a grinder, marking is carried out so that its contours are clearly visible.
• Along the entire length of the intended drawing, short segments are cut through the angle grinder disk, which will eventually connect.
• The figure will look more like a polyhedron than a circle. Therefore, after cutting is completed, the product is processed and cleaned until the edges are sufficiently even and smooth. For processing, you can also use the grinder. If the circle is wide, you can grind the contours with a large disk.

When processing a cut circle with a grinder, you should be careful that the disk is inside the hole and, at the same time, is located in the same plane with the work sheet.

Cutting a circle in thick metal

In order to outline the exact contours of the figure that will be cut out of metal, you should use a ruler, a marking compass and a marker.

First, with the help, the required width of the compass slot is set so that it corresponds to the required diameter of the circle.

Then the center point of the circle is determined on the metal plane.

Contours are drawn from it with the help of a compass.

So that during the robots they are clearly visible, they should be drawn with a marker.

Cutting torch application

A circle in metal of medium thickness can be cut with a gas cutter. The work takes place in several stages:

• The contour of the circle is outlined.
• The tool burner ignites.
• Burning flame is adjustable.
• Gently and slowly, the torch is carried out according to the drawn drawing.

With this method, you can cut a hole in the metal, which has about four or five millimeters.

Welding Machine Application

If in home arsenal no gas cutter, you can use a welding machine.

It needs to be adjusted to high level current.

Then a burning arc is substituted for the contour and held on it until a hole is formed.

Then you just need to slowly lead it along the drawing until you get an even circle.

But the most important thing is to correctly adjust the power of the tool.

For example, if metal is used with a thickness of about four millimeters, a device operating at a power of about 150 amperes is needed. If the metal is thicker, the power of the tool will be greater.

To speed up the process, it is better to use thin electrodes. However, they burn out quickly and need to be replaced. Because of this, there will be a need for frequent heating of the metal, since it will have time to cool down during the replacement of the electrode.

How to cut an even circle from metal with a cutter is shown in the video:

You will need

• - gas cutting equipment;
• - welding machine;
• - angle grinder;
• - electric drill with a set of drills;
• - grinder;
• - manual lever scissors;
• - core;
• - marking circle.

Instruction

Mark the center of the circle on the steel sheet so that it is spaced from the edges of the sheet at a distance slightly greater than the radius of the circle. Place the leg of the marking compass in the trace of the core and draw on a circle of the required diameter.

The most common and technologically advanced method is cutting metal using a gas cutter. To make the circle clearly visible, circle the outline drawn with a compass with a marker or chalk. Light the torch, adjust the flame and cut the metal in the marked circle. Theoretically, the thickness of the metal that can be cut with a flame cutter is 250–300 mm. In practice, such thicknesses are extremely rare.

You can cut a circle steel sheet via . Strike the welding arc at any point on the marked circle and hold the electrode in place until a hole is burned through the plate. After that, start melting the edge of the hole by passing the electrode along the drawn circle. low power welding machines, operated by private owners, can be of relatively small thickness - a maximum of 4-5 mm. The cutting edges are uneven and melted, and the cut workpiece has irregular shape, which must be brought to processing on lathe or by hand on a grinding wheel.

A simple, but rather time-consuming operation is cutting a circle with a grinder. Cut in the sheet on all sides of the drawn circle lines that are tangential to it. How more quantity cut lines, the closer the shape of the cut figure approaches the circle. But in any case, it will not be a circle, but a polygon, which is to be brought to a circle by grinder.

A circle of metal up to 3-4 mm thick can be cut using manual lever scissors. First, cut out a square with a circle inscribed in it, then cut the workpiece from all sides, running the scissor blades along the lines tangent to the circle. The shorter the length of the tangents and the greater their number, the less work will be required when turning the workpiece on a grinding machine.

The most time-consuming way to cut a circle is to drill holes around its perimeter. But sometimes, in the absence of other options, you have to resort to this method. From the same center from which the original circle was drawn, draw another one with a diameter greater than the diameter available by the diameter of the drill that will be used for drilling (usually 4-5 mm). Perform punching along this circle in such a way that the recesses from the core are separated from each other by a distance of the diameter of the drill. Drill holes in the punched places around the entire perimeter of the circle. Knock out a circle from the sheet with a hammer or sledgehammer, process it along the outer diameter on a grinding machine.