Park rose (rose hip): characteristics of species. Rosehip: botanical description, care and cultivation

Rosehip is considered to be the king of medicinal plants. This unique shrub with fragrant flowers and small red fruits is used in folk medicine from time immemorial. Moreover, not only its berries, but also flower petals, roots, leaves and even stems have useful properties.

What is useful rosehip

The beneficial properties of rose hips are primarily due to the fact that this plant contains a huge amount of vitamins, such as A, B, E, K, P and C. At the same time, in the fruits of some species of this plant, the concentration of ascorbic acid reaches 18%, which is much higher than that of sweet pepper, lemon and. In addition, the rosehip contains potassium, calcium, iron, chromium and molybdenum, phosphorus and copper, manganese and cobalt, different kinds organic acids, pectins and tannins, saccharides, essential oils, rubixanthin and lycopene. Therefore, it is not surprising that this plant is not only a storehouse useful substances, so necessary for every person, but also has excellent healing properties, helping to get rid of a wide variety of ailments.

Healing properties of wild rose

A decoction of rose hips helps to cope with such ailments as anemia and beriberi, stomach and duodenal ulcers. Drinking a decoction is also recommended for colds and all kinds of viral infections, including flu, sore throat, malaria, whooping cough, diphtheria and scarlet fever.

This unique plant is indispensable in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. gastrointestinal tract. So, infusions of wild rose flowers help to increase the secretion of the pancreas, contribute to a more complete absorption of food and increase appetite. In addition, an infusion of wild rose flowers is recommended to drink regularly for renal and hepatic colitis caused by the formation of stones.

Rosehip decoctions, infusions and syrups help restore vascular elasticity and strengthen the heart muscle, so these drugs are indispensable for heart attacks and strokes, arrhythmias and atherosclerosis. Thanks to its excellent antibacterial properties, rosehip helps to restore the natural balance in the body after a long illness. Especially if during the treatment potent medications were used that can accumulate in tissues and internal organs.

The advantages of wild rose also include its wound healing abilities. Compresses from a decoction of the fruits of this plant help get rid of purulent skin lesions, burns, ulcers, dermatitis and psoriasis. In addition, due to the huge amount of vitamins, daily consumption of green tea with rose hips helps to heal bones after fractures.

Do not lose sight of the magnificent restorative properties of this plant. Fresh fruits, syrup, jam, tea, decoctions and infusions based on it, introduced into the daily diet, help overcome drowsiness and fatigue, and apathy. A cup of rosehip tea in the evening is the key to a deep and healthy sleep, and rosehip oil is great. cosmetic, which prolongs the youthfulness of the skin, restoring its elasticity, silkiness and velvety.

Recipes for the use of wild rose for medicinal purposes

Nai large quantity useful substances and vitamins are contained in the wild rose during its flowering. Therefore, those who want to prepare for the future the leaves and flowers of the plant should do this at the end of May or the first half of June. Roots and branches, on the contrary, are best harvested late autumn when the shrub completely sheds foliage. As for the fruits, they reach full ripening around the beginning of September, and this period is considered the most successful for harvesting such a useful crop.

Of course, these days, in almost any pharmacy, you can buy various rosehip-based medicines, ranging from syrup to cough tablets that contain an extract of this unique plant. However, those who prefer to prepare the drug on their own need to know how to brew rose hips to extract from them maximum benefit for good health. First of all, it is necessary to strictly observe the proportion of 1 to 10, which in this case is optimal. This means that only 100 g of dry fruits of the plant are enough per liter of water. When preparing a decoction, they must be poured cold water and let stand for about 20-30 minutes, after which you should bring the mixture to a boil over low heat and cook for half an hour until the fruits become soft and increase in volume. However, the broth itself will be ready no earlier than after 3 hours, during which it must stand under the lid with room temperature. Before use, the broth must be filtered and, if necessary, add honey or sugar to taste.

For making infusion the same proportions of fruits and water are used. The only difference is that the berry should not be boiled, but poured with boiling water. For these purposes, it is best to use a thermos, since the preparation time of the infusion is at least 7-12 hours. Before use, it should also be filtered, and the berries, which still contain a lot of useful substances, can be used as a dessert.

Roots and branches of wild rose are usually used to prepare decoctions intended for external use. The proportions in this case are also preserved, however, the process of preparing the broth takes much longer, since the water in the container during cooking should decrease in volume by almost half. After that, the broth should be cooled at room temperature and filtered. As for rose hip leaves and petals, they are most often added to tea. One teaspoon of solids per 500 ml of boiling water is enough to get a tasty and healthy drink.

Is it possible to drink rose hips during pregnancy

It is no secret that during pregnancy, the body of the future mother experiences enormous stress and needs additional nourishment. It's about not only about stabilizing the work of all organs, but also about strengthening the immune system of a woman and a child. One of the simplest, cheapest and safest means in this case is rosehip, which contains all the necessary trace elements to ensure the proper functioning of the body. Today, rose hips and flowers are actively used in various herbal preparations, which are recommended for regular use by pregnant women. In addition, rose hips can be added to tea, which has excellent soothing properties, and also helps to remove excess fluid and toxins from the body, which often lead to swelling of the legs and face in expectant mothers.

One of the main botanical characteristics of the wild rose plant, which distinguishes it from its closest relative, the rose, is the color of the shoots. If they are always red in roses, then when describing the rosehip plant, it must be clarified that the young shoots of this shrub are painted exclusively in green color. Create favorable conditions it is not difficult to grow rose hips in the garden, so these bushes are planted in almost every area.

Where does wild rose grow and plant characteristics

The rosehip plant belongs to the Rosaceae family, its homeland is the regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Rosehip is a wild shrub. The people often use the name - wild rose. For a long time it was used for food, medicines and paints were extracted from it, beautiful flowers and fruits served as decoration, its thorns were used as protection.

Where does rosehip grow in vivo? This shrub grows in the warm and temperate climates of the Northern Hemisphere. Separate types rose hips penetrate north up to the Arctic Circle, and south to Ethiopia, Arabia, North India and the Philippine Islands, in North America to Mexico. Especially favorable conditions for its growth are in the area from the Mediterranean to the Himalayas and further in East Asia, where it forms extensive thickets. The largest thickets of this plant can be found in regions where steppe area. At the same time, it will be much less in the steppe itself than in small forests and plantings growing in this territory. In addition, wild rose bushes can often be found in ravines.

As can be seen in the photo, wild rose bushes grow singly or in groups along the edges and in the undergrowth of coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests, in light forests, floodplain and ravine forests, along rivers, near springs, in wet meadows, on rocky and clay cliffs, on plains and in the mountains at an altitude of up to 2200 m above sea level:

Rosehip is mainly confined to the forest zone, but forms a shrub layer in larch forests along the river valleys of the Siberian continental tundra, in the urem forests of the Trans-Ural steppes, for example, in the northern part of the valleys of the Ural and Emba rivers. Some types of wild rose form shrub areas of steppes and even deserts. Some species are found in the mountains up to the subalpine belt, up to an altitude of 2000–3500, and in tropical countries up to 4000 m above sea level.

Wild rose hips are frost-resistant, drought-resistant and undemanding to the soil. The most productive rosehip bushes are found on loamy, moderately moist soils. On dry and too wet soils, rose hips do not grow.

Here you can see photos of flowering rose hips of different types:

In the course of evolution, the wild rose developed spines and bristles as mechanical protection from being eaten by herbivores. But this did not prevent some animal species from adapting to this protection and thus having an advantage over other species. Camels, sheep and goats are known to easily cope with the most thorny plants. Juicy, bright rose hips that stand out against the background of green foliage serve as food for birds, mammals, rodents and reptiles. Animals leave indigestible rosehip seeds on the ground along with excrement, often at a considerable distance from the plant itself, and contribute to its spread.

Rose hips serve as food for black grouse, hazel grouse, gray partridge, gray crow, jackdaw, nutcrackers, starlings, Muscovite tit, thrush-missile. The rose hips are eaten by the hare, the yellow-throated mouse, the bank vole, and the fox. Predators such as the fox juicy fruits constitute a constant admixture to animal food. The bank vole takes away seeds and succulent fruits of plants and makes small stocks of them.

Most species and varieties of wild rose in the temperate and cold zone bloom for a short time - from May to July. Subtropical wild roses bloom continuously. The fruits ripen in August, gradually acquiring a yellow, red color and remain on the branches until winter.

These photos show what the rosehip looks like in natural environment habitat:

What flowers, leaves and berries of wild rose look like, photo of flowering bushes

Here you can find a botanical description of wild rose - a shrub with a height of 1 to 2 meters or more.

This photo shows that the leaves of the wild rose are complex, pinnate, have from 3 to 11 elliptical ovate leaflets:

Blossom in June - the first half of July. The fruits ripen in August - September, red, pink or dark red.

The roots penetrate to a depth of 1–2 m.

Look at the photo - rosehip flowers are regular, most often fragrant, sometimes with pronounced doubleness, collected in corymbose or paniculate inflorescences, almost always with a pleasant aroma, white, pink, purple or yellow color:

The most common are the following wild roses (wild roses): R. dog (R. canina), r. daurian (R. dahurica), r. spiny (R. acicularis), p. cinnamon (R. cinnamomea), p. gray-gray (R. glauca), p. wrinkled (R. rugosa), p. femoral (R. pimpinellifolia), etc.

The most important and useful part of the wild rose is the pulp of the berries. It is in it that valuable substances and organic acids accumulate. In addition, rose hips are a storehouse of macro- and microelements: magnesium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, silicon, copper, manganese and many others. For example, these berries contain 50 times more vitamin C than lemons, 10 times more than currants, and 100 times more than apples.

How to distinguish a rose from a wild rose? Here is how a gardener with many years of experience and the author of numerous books G. A. Kizima answers this question: “Very simple. The young shoots of roses are always red, while the young shoots of wild roses are green. She goes on to talk about the proper cultivation of rose hips: “All roses and rose hips prefer fat black clays. If you don’t have these, then mix well-rotted compost, and even better manure ( fresh manure you can’t bring in roses for planting!) in half with the clay that you have. It is better to plant them so that the morning, that is, the eastern sun, falls on them, and at noon there would be an openwork partial shade above them, then they will not fade and quickly fade. But better midday sun than partial shade. In the shade, roses bloom very poorly.

Many gardeners ask the following questions.

Why are rose hips not eaten fresh?

Raw, they are not consumed because of the hairs in the seed box. The fruits are removed until they become soft, dried and brewed with boiling water, making a vitamin drink.

How to distinguish wild rose hips from real, vitamin ones?

The fruits of this vitamin rosehip are easily distinguished from the fruits of the wild or any other rose hips by the sepals that remain on the fruits.

Pay attention to the photo - the rose hips of vitamin varieties are directed forward, while in the wild or decorative they are bent back:

Can rose hips be used as a hedge?

Of course you can. Rosehip, gradually growing, forms whole thickets, impenetrable and prickly, through which it is difficult to break through. But only this hedge must be monitored, aging stems should be cut to the ground about once every 3-4 years, otherwise your hedge will gradually turn into dead wood.

Gooseberry growing conditions, planting and care

Rosehip has an important feature: it has the ability to form new branches every year. This allows you to restore the ground part in a fairly short time if it was damaged or died. It is best to plant a shrub on fertile and moisture-rich soils, as the plant is warm and light-loving. The wild rose has a low need for the duration of winter organic dormancy, therefore, with prolonged thaws, the winter hardiness of this plant usually decreases, which can lead to freezing after the onset of cold snaps in the spring.

New flower buds, the basis of fruiting next year, are partially laid on the branches of two to three-year-old branches, which have the least winter hardiness.

For ease of care when planting, rosehip seedlings are best placed on a plot with a flat surface or a gentle slope without microcavities. It is desirable that the slope of the surface is directed to the south or southwest side. Valleys and floodplains with fertile soils and a high content of humus and phosphorus are also suitable for planting wild rose, if they are not flooded for long time. Rosehip is a moisture-loving plant, so the yield will be high only if this plant is regularly provided with soil moisture.

Soil preparation should begin six months before planting. During this time, it must be carefully dug up (mid-end of summer), having previously fertilized with manure at the rate of 10–12 kg per 1 m2. Further, until autumn, you should keep the site clean from weeds and periodically loosen.

In the autumn it is necessary to dig landing pits 30 cm deep and 50 cm wide and add a kilogram of rotted manure to them. The distance between the pits in a row should be 1 m, between the rows - 3 m.

Immediately before planting, the roots of the seedlings must be dipped in a mixture of equal parts of clay, humus and water. This is done to prevent them from drying out. Then the seedlings should be placed in the pits and sprinkle the roots with earth, compacting it at the same time. After this, the plants should be watered abundantly, and the soil around the seedlings should be sprinkled with dry earth and mulched with peat, sawdust or finely chopped straw. Planting is best done in the fall, before the onset of frost and freezing of the soil, or in early spring, until the buds have blossomed.

In order for the plants to better pollinate, it is necessary to plant several varieties of wild rose (2-3), alternating their rows. It is desirable to have at least one family of bees on the site, since these insects are the best pollinators for wild rose.

Rosehip has a powerful root system, it grows quickly and can be used to strengthen the soil and control soil erosion (if the need arises).

Rosehip loves lighted areas, where there are many sunlight. It will grow best in elevated places with fertile soil in which there is no stagnant groundwater. Rosehip roots go very deep into the ground, so do not plant it on swampy and lowland soil - it will quickly wither and die. In terms of the growth of the root system, wild rose is similar to raspberries: after a few years of plant life, its roots grow into upper layers soil and begin to occupy vast areas. To prevent it from spreading, you need to enclose the bushes with a small ditch 20–30 cm deep or dig pieces of slate to the same depth.

Rose hips can be planted along the border personal plot(for its protection) or individual bushes in the most inconvenient places: at the compost heap or next to the outbuilding.

Seedlings are planted in autumn and spring. Before planting, the site is prepared as usual. The distance between plants is 1.5–2 m. For planting, holes are dug 60 cm in diameter and 50 cm deep. The earth from the upper plant layer is mixed with 10–15 kg of organic fertilizers, from mineral fertilizers add 3 tbsp. spoons of superphosphate, 2 tbsp. spoons of potassium sulfate and 2 tbsp. spoons of urea. The prepared mixture is filled with a pit and a seedling is planted.

During the cultivation of wild rose, when caring for shrubs during the growing season, loosening the soil, thinning bushes, pruning old, weak and broken shoots, root and foliar dressings are carried out.

Root top dressing is carried out before and after flowering and after the full harvest of fruits: dilute 1 tbsp for 10 liters of water. spoons of urea, nitrophoska and 3 tbsp. spoons of liquid organic fertilizer"Effekton for berry crops". The consumption of the solution is 10–15 liters per bush.

The second root dressing is carried out immediately after flowering: 10 liters of water are diluted with 2 tbsp. spoons of "potassium humate" for fruit crops and 3 tbsp. spoons of liquid organic fertilizer "Effekton-2": up to 15 liters of solution are poured onto 1 bush.

The third dressing is the last: for 10 liters of water, 2 tbsp. spoons of superphosphate and 1 tbsp. a spoonful of potassium sulfate, consumption of 10 liters per 1 bush.

To increase the yield and quality of fruits when growing wild rose, foliar top dressing is carried out after flowering 3 times with an interval of 10 days: 2 tbsp. spoons of "potassium humate" universal.

Rose hips are harmed by green rose aphids, leafworms and spider mite. Against these, wild rose is sprayed before flowering and after the fruit is fully harvested. natural remedies: take 500 g of garlic, pass through a meat grinder, then this pulp is diluted in 8 liters warm water, add 1 tbsp. a spoonful of tar or laundry soap and insist 5-6 hours, then filter and spray. This procedure is carried out before flowering, and after flowering, they are sprayed with garlic, they also take 500 g or more. effective drug Iskra DE (1 tablet per 10 liters of water).

Some types of wild rose are affected by rust. In this case, you need to sprinkle with Topaz: 1 ampoule (2 ml per 10 liters of water). From black spot, spray with 1% Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride (Hom) (20 g per 10 l of water) when signs of the disease appear.

You can see how to grow rose hips in the video below:

Varieties of wild rose: photo and description

Rose hips unite about 400 species, distributed mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. Especially a lot of it in the north of the European part of our country, in the Middle Volga region, Western and Eastern Siberia, on Far East. The most pronounced medicinal properties in cinnamon rosehip(May) and wrinkled.

Recently, new varieties of wild rose have been created by the method of interspecific hybridization. They differ in larger size, yield and content of biologically active substances.

The most common and valuable are the following varieties:

Vitamin VNIVI, Anniversary, Large-fruited VNIVI, Vorontsovsky 1, 2, 3, Russian 2.

Anniversary

A variety of medium ripening, is a strong and powerful bush up to 1.5 m in height. The fruits of the plant are large, round-bulb, orange-red, sweet and sour in taste, rich in vitamin C.

See how beautiful the wild rose plant of this variety is during flowering - large pink flowers they look just great on the bush:

The fruits are suitable for both jam and drying.

Oval

Medium maturity variety. Rosehip bush Oval grows small, the flowers are also not too large, white. The fruits are slightly flattened, red, with thick skin and sweet juicy pulp. The variety is frost-resistant, not susceptible to diseases, insects rarely damage the bushes. Berries are most suitable for processing, but are also suitable for drying.

the globe

The variety is a medium-sized shrub up to 1.5 m high with thick branches and large flowers. The fruits are spherical, bright red, characterized by a high content of vitamin C. There are so many of them that the shoots bend under their weight. Variety Globus refers to winter-hardy. This rosehip is suitable for making jam, jam and candied fruit.

Apple

Rosehip variety Apple usually does not grow above 1.2 m, however, it is not inferior to tall varieties in terms of yield. The flowers, like the fruits, are dark red. Rose hips of this variety are large and often grow in groups of 5-7 pieces. They have a flat-round shape and a sweet and sour taste. A bush with ripe fruits looks very elegant.

Vitamin VNIVI

An early variety of wild rose with large fruits and an average ripening period. The bush can grow up to 2 cm in height. The flowers are medium-sized, pale pink, collected in inflorescences. The fruits ripen red-orange in color, oval in shape.

When describing this rosehip variety, it is worth noting that it is disease resistant, tolerates frost well, and is rarely attacked by pests. However, it is worth taking note that the variety is not self-pollinated, which means that another rosehip bush of a different variety should grow nearby.

Vorontsovsky 1

The variety is an interspecific hybrid of the Webb rose and wrinkled rose. Oval-elongated fruits are not only high in vitamin C, but also in folic acid. Orange-red berries are good for drying. From an adult bush, you can harvest up to 3 kg of crop. Fruiting is long. A variety of medium ripening, relatively cold-resistant.

Titanium

Very effective variety with powerful shoots and large fruits. Rose hips of medium ripening. In height, the bush of the plant can reach 2 m, during flowering it becomes a real decoration of the garden. The Titan variety blooms very beautifully: delicate light pink flowers. Fruits are formed by brushes of 3-5 pieces. The variety is disease resistant and cold hardy. The fruits are best suited for drying.

Ruby

Rose hip early term maturation. Refers to vigorous varieties. Flowers small, delicate color pink. Orange berries of a round-oval shape become dark red when ripe. They have a sweet and sour taste and are good for drying.

rose cinnamon

It grows as a shrub up to 2 m high with thin brown-red shoots. Spikes are whitish, curved, more often arranged in pairs, the spines of the shoots are strong to weak.

The leaves are compound, pinnate, with 3-11 leaflets elliptical or ovate.

Flowers pink, solitary or 2-3 in an inflorescence. The fruits are orange-red, of different shapes.

Cinnamon rose is photophilous, grows well on the edges of forests, forest glades, floodplains and along their banks. The life expectancy of bushes is 20–25 years with the periodic replacement of individual branches, which grow old and die off by 4–5 years of age. Under natural conditions, cinnamon rose produces 1-3 kg of fruit per bush. The plant is winter-hardy.

rose wrinkled

Distributed everywhere. It forms well-developed bushes up to 1.5 m high. The branches are winding, covered with small, brush-like thorns.

The leaves are dark green, leathery and wrinkled, by the fall they acquire a beautiful lemon yellow color.

The flowers are dark purple, red, pink, white, up to 8 cm in diameter, very fragrant, bloom in May. Flowering continues until autumn.

Rose wrinkled - remontant plant. Its fruits ripen gradually, until autumn frosts in October, but most of them ripen within 20–30 days.

As you can see in the photo, the fruits of this dog rose are red-orange, fleshy, 2–4 cm in diameter, squeezed from the poles:

This plant is more productive than cinnamon rose. From one bush you can collect up to 3-4 kg of fruit.

When propagated by seeds, seedlings can vary greatly in yield and produce low-yielding forms, so selected forms or varieties should be used. The life span of plants is up to 20–25 years, with the periodic replacement of individual branches after 6–7 years.

dog rose

It has wide use in the Black Earth. It grows in the form of a powerful spreading shrub with arched greenish or red-brown shoots, up to 1.5–3 m high. Its thorns are rare, hook-shaped. Leaflets are green, elliptical in shape, acutely serrate, 5–7 per leaf.

Pay attention to the photo of this rosehip variety - its flowers with pale pink petals are quite large, up to 8 cm in diameter:

Blooms in late May early June.

The fruits of this rose are oval-ovoid, red. They are medicinal raw materials for the production of holosas. They contain a lot of seeds and are not rich in vitamin C.

The bushes of this wild rose are very good to use for stock during reproduction. garden roses.

This plant is unpretentious, winter-hardy, least of all affected by diseases and pests.

Rose Webb

The birthplace of this wild rose is Central Asia. Represented by a bush with a height of 1–2 m. Its shoots are covered with straight spikes thickened at the base. The leaves consist of 7–9 leaflets, rounded, with serrated edges. The fruits are spherical, red, fleshy, rich in vitamin C. The species is winter-hardy and unpretentious.

rose lovely

The species is represented by a bush with a height of up to 2 m. Its flowers are pink, solitary or in the form of umbrellas, medium in size, up to 5 cm in diameter. It is a good honey plant and has excellent decorative qualities.

Look at the photo - wild rose bushes of this variety look great on alpine hills:

Rose needle

A shrub with a height of up to 2.5 m, the shoots of which are very densely covered with thin needle-like thorns. Flowers are small and medium, pink, pale pink, purple-pink, sometimes white color. The fruits of this species are red-cherry in color and of various shapes: elliptical, pear-shaped, oblong and ovoid, spherical.

Rose rusty red

The species is represented by a bush, the young shoots of which are very densely covered with thorns of various sizes, they can be straight and curved. The flowers of this plant bright pink color, collected in thick shields. The fruits are orange-red. Distinctive feature this rosehip is a strong fragrance fresh apples, which comes from the leaves, on the glandular hairs of the latter there are drops of fragrant resin.

rose apple

The view is presented quite tall bush, with a height of up to 3 m. The leaves consist of oblong-oval leaflets. Flowers with a pink corolla. The fruits are quite large, almost the size of a wild apple, from which the species got its name.

Pay attention to the photo of this variety of wild rose - when its fruits ripen, they are yellow with toasty sides:

Rosa Daurskaya

The species is widespread in the Far East. It is represented by a short, highly branched shrub with a height of up to 1.5 m. Its shoots are covered with protruding, slightly curved thorns. Flowers of medium size, up to 4 cm in diameter, solitary or in inflorescences, pink or dark pink. The fruits are dark red, spherical-ovoid.

Rose Alpine View represented by a short bush with a height of no more than 1 m. Its distinguishing feature is that its shoots do not have any thorns, so the saying goes in vain that there is no rose without thorns. This wild rose grows in the mountains of Central Europe.

The photo of this type of wild rose shows that its fruits have an elongated spindle-shaped shape, are painted dark red, and look like earrings on the shoots:

rose french

The species is distributed in southern Europe, in the south of Ukraine and the European part of Russia. It is represented by a low-growing bush with a growth height of less than 1 m, with few branches, often forming entire thickets. It is the founder of many varieties of garden roses. The shoots are densely dotted with small spines and thorns. Flowers are large, bright red.

Here you can see a selection of photos of varieties and types of wild rose presented above:

The use of rose hips

Rosehip is a shrub from the rose family, which is popular with gardeners due to its external data and healing properties. This plant is widely used in medicine, and not only in folk medicine. Rosehips contain many health benefits human body vitamins and substances (ascorbic, malic, citric, linoleic, oleic and other acids, flavonoids, pectins, tannins, vitamins B1, B2, P, PP, A, K, E, salts of iron, phosphorus, manganese, etc. ).

For medicinal purposes, rose hips are best harvested in September. But it should be remembered that over time, the amount of vitamin C in berries decreases, and the amount of sugars increases. Moreover, this transformation is visible to the naked eye: the fruits begin to darken over time, especially autumn frosts and the first frosts contribute to this.

Rose hips are valuable ornamental shrubs suitable for single and group plantings, creations, borders.

Jam is made from petals of wild rose flowers, and raw materials for the perfume industry are obtained.

They are rootstocks for cultivars of roses. In medicine, rose hips are used as a vitamin raw material.

Rosehip is a wonderful honey plant, its beautiful and fragrant flowers attract many bees to the garden.

In autumn, rose hips will also decorate the site with bright fruits and foliage, in addition, its berries attract birds, which in turn will help you in the fight against pests in the garden and vegetable garden.

Pruning wild rose bushes (with photo and video)

In the first year after planting, rose hips are formed like ordinary roses. Remember that all types of wild rose need shaping and pruning, but almost no pruning is required. wrinkled and r. prickly. The shoot-forming ability of wild roses is high. In the first year of cultivation, young plants are heavily pruned, stimulating the mighty growth of basal shoots and the formation of a bush with shoots evenly spaced along the periphery of the crown. When pruning, weakly growing wild roses are pruned much more strongly than vigorously growing ones.

For almost all types of wild rose, thinning of the bushes is necessary after some time. To do this, almost all old branches are cut to the soil level and 5-6 healthy strong shoots are re-formed.

At the end of flowering, the rose hips shorten the shoots. In tall bushes with bare branches, each is cut to half the length. AT middle lane the best time to do this is in April.

Rose hips are pruned either in autumn, after leaf fall, or in spring, before bud break.

Formation is completed in the fourth year. After that, you can begin the annual pruning of unproductive branches, which are replaced by new ones formed from renewal shoots. When pruning, you should follow the basic rules, which boil down to the following:

1. Remove broken, heavily thickening bush and oppressed young branches.

2. Cut out low gains, unproductive obsolete branches, especially if they have a large number of dried fruit branches.

3. Cut off excess annual branches if they are not necessary to replace the old ones.

4. All branches frozen after the winter cold should be cut at soil level.

Watch the video "Pruning the wild rose" to better understand how to properly form a shrub:

Methods for propagating rose hips with seeds, seedlings and offspring (with video)

There are three ways to propagate wild rose: seeds, seedlings and root offspring.

Reproduction by seeds. It is advisable to collect seeds for planting in August, from unripe brown fruits. At this time, the seed coat has not yet had time to harden, so they will germinate better. The seeds themselves can be planted both in spring and autumn, but it is better in autumn period. Sprinkle rows with planted seeds with humus and sawdust. In early spring in order for the seeds to germinate better, you need to install a frame with a plastic film stretched over it. When the first two leaves appear on the seedlings, they can be seated.

The video of dogrose propagation by seeds shows how this agricultural technique is performed:

Propagation by seedlings. Rosehip seedlings take root best when autumn planting. It is desirable to plant them in October - November. Make a pit for planting with a depth of 20–22 cm. If the soil is acidic at the planting site, additionally apply lime fertilizers, add compost and rotted manure. Before planting, cut the seedlings short so that the thick branches are no more than 8-10 cm long. For better survival, root cuts can be made. To do this, shorten the roots to 15–20 cm. Then immerse the roots of the seedling in clay talker and plant, after straightening the roots, in a prepared hole. The neck of the rhizome of the seedling should be 5–8 cm below the level of the soil surface. After planting, water the seedling with water and sprinkle the surface with sawdust or peat.

Reproduction by root suckers. If you need to preserve the signs of the mother bush, another method of reproduction is useful - root offspring. It is necessary to harvest them from the healthiest and most productive bushes, in late autumn or early spring. This is usually done in two ways. In the first option, an offspring 25–40 cm high is selected and separated with a shovel from the mother bush. You can do this both in autumn and in spring. Using the second method, the adnexal bush is not separated, but periodically spud and watered. Due to this treatment, adventitious roots begin to form in the offspring bush. The next year, in the fall, the bush is separated from the mother plant, but not transplanted, but left in place until spring. In the spring, it is transplanted to a new place, while trying not to damage the rhizomes of the seedling.

Description of the collection and drying of rose hips (with photo)

Rose hips are harvested only in dry weather so that the berries are not saturated with moisture. It is recommended to pluck them together with the stalk and calyx, which are easily disposed of after drying. It is advisable to stop your choice on finally ripened or somewhat overripe fruits. They are distinguished by bright orange, red-orange or red color. Maturation different varieties of this plant occurs in late summer - early autumn. When describing the collection of rose hips, it is worth noting that by choosing the right time for harvesting, one can expect one hundred percent success when drying it. It is in ripe berries that accumulates the largest number medicinal substances, and in dry form they acquire a special aroma and sweet taste.

After the rosehip crop is harvested, it is prepared for drying. To do this, the berries are sorted and get rid of spoiled, rotten or affected by insects. The receptacle and stalks must be left, because without them, due to a break during drying, a considerable proportion of the juice will be lost.

Rose hips are carefully sorted and washed running water in a colander. It is advisable to do this even in cases where the crop was harvested outside the urban area: a lot of harmful inorganic substances located in rainwater, as well as dust settle on the berries everywhere. To dry the fruits in less time, they are pre-filled hot water for twenty minutes. Many rosehip lovers even add a little sugar to this. As a result of this soaking, at the end of drying, the berries become much sweeter. Washed and peeled rose hips are dried from moisture in a well-ventilated area for about an hour. To speed up the drying process, wet berries are wiped paper napkins. Sometimes the berries are cut in half so that they dry out faster in the oven. And if there is time and desire, even before the wild rose is dried, it can be cleaned of all seeds. In such cases, after drying, the berries can be used not only for cooking medicinal tea but also as a filling for pies.

Highly important point: during drying, the berries should not be exposed to direct sunlight, since in this case most of the vitamins are destroyed.

You can dry the berries in the oven. Prepared fruits in one layer are laid out on a baking sheet or a special grill. Well, if they do not touch each other. A baking sheet with fruits is placed in the oven, which must initially be cold. Indeed, otherwise, the rosehip berries may lose a large amount of juice and become covered with a too hard shell, which, during the drying process, will not allow moisture to escape. As a result, the fruits will be raw inside and may rot in storage. It is also important to know that the temperature in the oven should increase gradually - starting from room temperature and reaching sixty degrees. The preservation of useful properties in berries depends on this, and on a sharp change temperature regime they are destroyed. The total drying time of the fruits in the oven lasts about eight hours, depending on the size of the fruits and the thickness of the shell: small ones will reach the condition faster. Since the rosehip is dried for a long time, it must be constantly stirred for uniform drying. In the oven
Have necessarily must be air circulation, to leave moisture. To do this, open the oven door. It is best when the oven is already equipped with a convection function. But if it is missing, you can put a fan near the oven door.

The "ancestor" of all rose crops for ornamental cultivation is the wild rose. This medicinal plant is best known for its unique properties its fruits and high concentration of vitamins in them. But no less valuable beautiful flowers wild rose. Unlike berries, they are harvested in the spring, when the content of active ingredients in the petals is maximum.

What are the benefits of wild rose flowers?

Wild rose, as the color of the shrub in question is also called, has medicinal qualities that are used in folk medicine in the treatment of inflammatory processes. internal organs, mucous membranes and skin.

Other beneficial features rosehip flowers:

• antiseptic;
• soothing;
• emollient;
• anti-sclerotic;
• diuretic;
• immunostimulating;
• enzymatic;
• antispasmodic;
• choleretic.

Also, the benefits of rosehip flowers are invaluable in cardiovascular pathologies. Decoctions and infusions based on plant petals effectively strengthen the walls of arteries and capillaries, increase their elasticity and strength, and prevent the deposition of cholesterol compounds. Such funds contribute to the normalization of the activity of the heart muscle.

Medicinal properties of rosehip flowers

Given the listed characteristics of the described plant material, it is recommended to take it orally for the following diseases:

• hard stones and sand in the urinary system;
• atherosclerosis of blood vessels;
• heart attack and pre-infarction condition;
• reduced production of enzymes by the pancreas;
• ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes;
• poor appetite;
• cholecystitis with the formation of stones;
• hepatic and renal colic;
• violations of hematopoietic processes;
• increased concentration of cholesterol;
• insufficient assimilation nutrients in the intestines;
• beriberi;
• insomnia;
• malfunctions nervous system;
• susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections.

Also, preparations based on rosehip petals help in the treatment of such external injuries and inflammations of the mucous membranes:

• blepharitis;
• conjunctivitis;
• ulcers;
• burns;
• dermatitis;
• purulent dermatological infections;
• dermatoses;
• acne disease;
• furunculosis.

The use of wild rose flowers is actively practiced by cosmetologists. Compresses with a decoction or water infusion of the presented raw materials are used to rejuvenate the skin, restore its smoothness and elasticity, eliminate puffiness and various defects, including age spots and vascular "asterisks". Experts also advise taking cosmetic baths with wild rose petals once a week. These procedures moisturize and soften the skin of the body, relieve irritation and inflammation, and help in the fight against cellulite and stretch marks.

Contraindications to the use of beneficial properties and harm to rosehip flowers

Unlike the fruits of the shrub, which can be dangerous in the presence of certain diseases, the color of the rosehip does not have direct contraindications and has no negative impacts on the body.

Caution should only be exercised by people with disorders and intolerance to some components in wild rose petals. It is also necessary to get a preliminary consultation with a doctor for diabetics, patients with thrombophlebitis and other forms of thrombosis, gastritis with high acidity of the juice and stomach ulcers. With the above diagnoses, therapy with wild rose flowers is not prohibited, you just need to strictly observe the dosage prescribed by the doctor, do not exceed the duration of the established course of treatment.

Bisexual flowers with a diameter of 1.5-10 cm can be either single or collected in corymbose or paniculate inflorescences. Some species have bracts. Pedicels are short, 0.55-1.75 cm long. Hypanthium is ovoid, spherical, bottle-shaped or pitcher-shaped, with a narrowing at the throat. Corollas of large size, with five petals, occasionally semi-double. Coloring can be red, yellow, creamy or white.

Sepals of the entire type may have an extended cusp. A pair of sepals has a bilateral dissection, and one has a one-sided dissection. Numerous and freely located stamens are complemented by two-nested anthers. The pistils, most often of a sessile type, adherent to the receptacle, are arranged spirally at the bottom of the hypanthium. Ovaries with hairs, single-nested type, freely located. The ovules are single-coated.

The healing and healing properties of wild rose flowers are used very widely.

Beneficial features

The beneficial qualities of rosehip flowers are easily explained by their chemical composition:

• essential and fatty oils that provide astringent, bactericidal and anti-inflammatory qualities;
• organic acids;
• glycosides and flavonoids;
• tannins;
• anthocyanins;
• wax;
• vitamin C or ascorbic acid.

Rosehip: harm and benefit (video)

The flowers of this decorative culture are an excellent raw material for obtaining rose oil, which is very actively used in aromatherapy. On the basis of rose oil, Bulgarian manufacturers have launched the production of the famous drug "Rozanol", used in the treatment of diseases of the biliary tract, liver diseases, as well as to improve the condition of people suffering from urolithiasis. Ointments, gels and lotions with rose oil can heal long-term non-healing wounds.

Flower extracts are used to improve the taste and smell of medicines. Dried and crushed rosehip petals are a popular addition to herbal fillings and soothing pillows.

The benefits of rose petals also determine their presence in a variety of herbal preparations used in folk medicine to increase immunity, strengthen strength in colds and flu, in the treatment of neurasthenia. Rosehip-based remedies have proven themselves well in getting rid of conjunctivitis, hemorrhoids, and reducing the risk of allergic manifestations.

Medications based on rosehip petals for internal use are used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, for the treatment of diarrhea, high blood pressure and atherosclerosis.

Contraindications

Expressed contraindications for the use of wild rose flowers are almost completely absent. It is necessary to limit the use of preparations based on rose petals with a tendency to allergies, and also be careful in taking such drugs in case of exacerbation of chronic diseases and individual intolerance to the components.

Indications for use

Decoctions and infusions based on rose petals are used for the preparation of both external and internal remedies. External agents are in demand for the treatment of blepharitis, conjunctivitis, skin ulcerations, burn surfaces, dermatitis and psoriasis, purulent dermatological infections, acne and furunculosis.

Medicines with rosehip petals for oral administration are in demand in the treatment of pathologies of the urinary system, atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels, heart attacks and pre-infarction conditions, ischemia and hemorrhagic strokes. Such medicines recommended for reduced levels of pancreatic enzyme production and reduced appetite.

Infusions and decoctions of rose petals can heal:

• cholecystitis with the formation of stones;
• exacerbations with hepatic and renal colic;
• disorders in the hematopoietic systems;
• elevated cholesterol levels;
• conditions accompanied by beriberi and insomnia.

A positive effect is observed in the treatment of viral and bacterial infections.

Application methods

On the basis of rosehip flower petals, decoctions are prepared that have a pronounced therapeutic effect in the presence of erysipelas of the skin and eye diseases. To prepare the product, pour 0.1 kg of raw materials with a glass of boiling water and boil for an hour. Then the broth must be cooled and filtered. It is used as a lotion that is applied to the affected areas.

How to make a rosehip tincture (video)

Rosehip flowers are widely used in cosmetology in the form of compresses with decoctions or water infusions, which allow you to rejuvenate the skin, restore its smoothness and elasticity, eliminate puffiness and various defects, help get rid of age spots and spider veins. Cosmetologists recommend taking baths with the addition of rosehip flowers: this procedure moisturizes and effectively softens the skin, relieves skin irritation and inflammation, and also helps to get rid of cellulite and postpartum stretch marks.

Since ancient times, rose hips have served people. Excavations carried out in Switzerland have shown that the fruits of dog rose were eaten by humans as early as the end of the Ice Age. The ancient Greek versatile scientist and naturalist Theophrastus, who, along with Aristotle, gave rise to the foundations of botany and plant geography, described the beneficial properties of wild rose as early as the 4th century BC. Descriptions of the use of rose petals for medicinal purposes are found in the "Canon medical science» Avicenna. The medieval poem "On the Properties of Herbs" highlights recipes using a rose flower (rosehip). The Slavs treated hemoptysis with wild rose, as they associated the red color of rose petals with the ability to stop blood.

Rosehip as a plant

Rosehip belongs to the genus of plants of the family Pink. This is a deciduous shrub (shrub), sometimes evergreen, with an upright, creeping or climbing stem, which can have a height of 25 cm - 10 m. Scientists distinguish about 140 species of wild rose. Of these, the most widespread May rosehip.

For economic needs in Russia and the world, the following types of wild rose are used: May wild rose, Dahurian wild rose, Spiny wild rose, Begger's wild rose, dog rose, Apple rose hip, Prickly rose hip.

What are the healing properties rose hips? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to disassemble everything that the plant consists of. Let's start with its fruits.

Rose hips (berries)

The chemical composition of rosehip berries is very rich, as well as the chemical composition of other parts of this plant. Rosehip contains a huge amount minerals, vitamins, and essential oil, tannins, steroids and more. But its most important advantage is the content of vitamin C. It is the most in fruits. In addition, the content of ascorbic acid in them is many times higher than its amount in black currants and lemons. The chemical composition may vary depending on the location of the plant and its species.

Due to its composition, rose hips have volatile properties. Although the main benefit of rose hips is that they are a powerful multivitamin means. This property of rose hips was known in the Middle Ages. It was then that they began to be used as antiscorbutic means. Rose hips were so valued that they were willingly exchanged for, for example, sable furs.

The use of rose hips in modern medicine

May rosehip decoctions, as well as syrups, vitamin extracts, dragees and tablets based on them in modern medicine are used, first of all, in the prevention and treatment of diseases that are associated with a lack of vitamins (especially vitamin C) in the human body . In addition, decoctions of rose hips are used for anemia and anorexia.

May rosehip syrup is used for congestion in the gallbladder, and it is especially often prescribed for the elderly and children. The syrup should be used with caution in people suffering from diabetes because it contains a high amount of sugar.

Rosehip flowers (petals)

From the flowers of the rose, rose oil is obtained, which is actively used in aromatherapy. It is also used to improve the taste and smell of medicines. In Bulgaria, a drug is produced on the basis of this oil. "Rozanol", which is used for diseases of the biliary tract, liver, urolithiasis. Dry crushed rose petals are present in fillings for herbal soothing pillows.

Rose petals are present in the composition of herbal preparations, which are used in folk medicine to strengthen immunity, with influenza, neurasthenia, conjunctivitis (in the form of drops), hemorrhoids, allergic manifestations, ulcers and long-term non-healing wounds. Inside, rosehip petals may be used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea, hypertension and atherosclerosis.

Rosehip really has healing powers. Therefore, do not neglect this plant, having it on garden plot, take a closer look at it, and think about collecting and harvesting. Currently, it is widely used in modern and traditional medicine, the cosmetic industry, as well as in cooking.

Rosehip jam . Rinse the ripe rose hips, remove the seeds, and remove the hairs. Then, for 1 kg of peeled fruits, you need to take ½ tbsp of water and boil until softened. Rub the softened fruits through a sieve (stainless steel) and cook for about an hour. First you need to boil without adding sugar, but after 15 minutes after boiling, about 800 g of sugar is needed for 1 kg of the resulting puree. Add more. Distribute the finished jam in glass liter or 1.5-liter jars and pasteurize in boiling water for 20-25 minutes.