How to feed tomato seedlings at home. Folk remedies for feeding tomato seedlings

Many indoor plant lovers grow their pets themselves, because it is not always possible to find the right house plant in the store. In addition, buying flower seeds will be much cheaper than an adult plant. But all this is not so important. The main thing is what a fascinating process it is - growing an indoor flower! And what a pity it is when the seedlings of a flower die. Having lost my seedlings of indoor plants several times, I decided to approach the issue of growing them more responsibly. As it turned out, of great importance during cultivation is proper feeding of seedlings.

What elements are needed for feeding seedlings

If the condition of the plant does not cause concern, you can use universal fertilizers for top dressing. In fact, the main elements that are necessary for the growth and development of a plant are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is good to feed young seedlings with a mixture with a predominance of nitrogen salts.

But there are situations when you need to know which microelements your seedlings lack. This can be seen from her appearance.

Lack of nitrogen leads to slower plant growth, the leaves become small and pale. The stems of such a plant are thin, slightly branching.

Phosphorus deficiency. Plant growth is significantly retarded. Plants become weak, leaves turn yellow at the edges and fall off. Reduced disease resistance and cold resistance of seedlings.

Potassium deficiency. In addition to the fact that plant growth slows down, their resistance to fungal diseases decreases. The edges and tops of the leaves turn brown and die.

A lack of calcium leads to the death of young leaves and stem tips, weakening the growth and development of roots. First, young leaves become light in color, then light yellow spots appear on them. The edges of the leaves are bent down and they fall off.

Lack of magnesium. The leaves of the plant become "marble", spotted, turn pale between the veins. Gradually they turn yellow, curl and fall off. The growth and development of the plant slows down.

A lack of boron leads to a halt in the growth of stems, roots, and the death of the apical point of growth. Young leaves become dark in color, their edges are bent down. Plant shoots become brittle.

For fertilizing with nitrogen, ammonium, salts of nitric and nitrous acids are used. With a lack of potassium, nitric and potassium phosphate are used. The plant can obtain the necessary phosphorus from mixtures containing salts of phosphoric acid or superphosphate.

Basic rules for feeding seedlings

Having correctly chosen the necessary fertilizer, you also need to competently carry out top dressing of seedlings. Let's learn how to do it right.

Feeding seedlings is recommended to be done every 7-10 days. Feed seedlings only during the growth period. Plants that are not yet rooted should not be fed.

It is best to fertilize early in the morning on a sunny day, but never fertilize plants in hot weather. It is very important that the fertilizer does not get on the leaves and stems, as this can cause the plant to burn.

For fertilizing seedlings, fertilizer of low concentration should be taken. Commercially available mixtures are used as top dressing. The sachets indicate for which plants and in what quantities they are needed.

A few hours before top dressing, the seedlings are well watered. This protects the roots from burns and contributes to the uniform impregnation of the fertilizer with the entire clod of earth. But remember that excessive fertilization harms the development of the plant.

Also, I learned that it is very good to alternate fertilizing with mineral fertilizers and biofertilizers with growth stimulants based on humic acids.

Experienced gardeners no longer need to explain that feeding tomato seedlings at home before and after picking, as well as after planting in the ground, is an absolutely necessary procedure for obtaining healthy and strong plants. After all, only such tomatoes can bring a good harvest, resist diseases and pests.

During the growth of seedlings, the root system begins to develop, the "immunity" of the plant to diseases is laid, and the basis for the future harvest is formed. And what it will be depends on how and when you feed tomato seedlings.

• How and when to feed tomato seedlings
  • 1.1 Why do we need top dressing for seedlings
    • 1.1.1 Signs of nutrient deficiency for seedlings
  • 1.2 When to feed tomato seedlings
  • 1.3 Feeding tomato seedlings after picking
  • 1.4 Foliar top dressing tomato
  • 1.5 Fertilizing tomato seedlings with organic fertilizers
    • 1.5.1 Feeding tomato seedlings with iodine
    • 1.5.2 Fertilizing with yeast
    • 1.5.3 Fertilizing seedlings with ashes
    • 1.5.4 How to feed tomato seedlings, video

How and when to feed tomato seedlings

Many people mistakenly believe that tomatoes need fertile soil to grow. You can grow plants without fertilizing, and they will even give you a crop, but not the same if you still feed the tomatoes.

Why do you need fertilizer for seedlings

At the first stages of development, the plant lacks the vitality inherent in the seed itself and nutrients from the soil. But only at first. Imagine how much strength a plant needs to hatch from a seed and break through a layer of soil, even if it is loose. And at home, when it is warm and humid enough, all growth processes are accelerated and very soon the plants begin to experience nutrient deficiencies.

Signs of Nutrient Deficiency for Seedlings

Those gardeners who carefully observe the seedlings every day notice any changes immediately. At the same time, it is necessary to act immediately and correct errors during cultivation:

If the leaves become light and all the veins are clearly visible on them, then there are two reasons, or you are watering the plants with tap water that is not settled and contains a lot of chlorine. Or the seedlings suffer from a lack of iron, but in both cases this is called chlorosis.

When plants suddenly become very fragile and break at every touch, it means that magnesium must be urgently added to the soil.

The leaves become darker and turn purple, especially on the underside of the leaf, which means they lack phosphorus.

Signs such as lightening of foliage, stunting, falling off, can be caused by insufficient water, poor lighting, cold air or lack of nitrogen.

When to feed tomato seedlings

Experts recommend starting top dressing at the earliest stage of growth, that is, the first top dressing should be in the phase of two true leaves. At this time, the plant develops resistance to diseases, especially fungal diseases, such as late blight.

If you are going to feed the plants at this time, then it is better to use the Fitosporin preparation, which is diluted according to the instructions. It not only helps plants resist diseases, but also acts as a bioenergetic.

Also at this time it will be appropriate to shed the soil with a solution of copper, also for the emergence of disease resistance.

A week after the first, you need to carry out a second top dressing. here you can already use complex fertilizer, which will include not only mineral, but also organic substances. It is convenient to use the drug "Agricola", which has everything that tomatoes need. And the plants themselves will choose what to take for development.

The following top dressings are carried out every 10 days, preferably also with complex fertilizer. In addition, you can use organic matter, then I will give examples of organic dressings.

Feeding tomato seedlings after picking

After a dive, all plants experience stress, they need to get used to a new place, maybe a different soil composition. Necessarily at the same time the roots are damaged and the plant should just rest. Therefore, we give two weeks after transplantation and carry out the next top dressing with a solution of urea.

After planting in the ground, you also need to feed the tomatoes in two weeks, when they take root and grow. In the first feeding, you can use organic fertilizers. Dilute the mullein infusion, prepared in advance, 1 to 10. Add a tablespoon of nitrophoska to a ten-liter bucket of this solution and pour half a liter under each bush.

All root feeding should be done after watering, so the nutrients reach the roots of the plant faster.

Foliar top dressing tomato

As you certainly know, plants feed not only through the roots, but also through the foliage. Tomatoes are no exception, so foliar top dressing has a very beneficial effect on them. Usually these procedures are carried out in turn with the application of fertilizers under the roots. Spraying with useful compounds is recommended to be carried out early in the morning, in dew, so that nutrients penetrate the leaf faster.

For foliar top dressing of tomatoes, the following sprayings are used:

• Phytosporin solution, according to the instructions
• Urea solution
• Superphosphate, solution 1 tbsp. spoon for 10 liters of boiling water, leave for a day
• Potassium monophosphate, 1 teaspoon per 10 liters of water
• A solution of potassium nitrate.

Feeding tomato seedlings with organic fertilizers

Can be used for seedlings and fertilizers from folk remedies. My elderly neighbor every year sprinkles the soil in the seedling boxes with old tea leaves. Some collect eggshells by spring, pour two-thirds of a bucket of shells into a bucket of water with water, insist for three days and water. Just keep in mind that for such top dressing you need your own, homemade fresh eggs.

In the spring, when the seedlings already require top dressing, the first shoots of young nettles appear. I always collect young shoots in a bucket and fill it with warm water, leave it for five days, then use it to water small tomatoes.

Feeding tomato seedlings with iodine

You can use ready-made water-soluble fertilizers with iodine for seedlings and water the plants. You can use a solution of iodine for foliar top dressing. To do this, dilute a couple of drops of iodine in four liters of warm water and spray the sprouts from a spray bottle. In the seedling phase, one feeding with this preparation is sufficient for tomatoes.

Yeast nutrition

Previously, such dressings were popular, and both dry and raw yeast were used, even bread and crackers. But with the advent of new drugs, such a remedy was forgotten, and in vain. Because the yeast fungus activates the life of microorganisms in the soil, in addition, the yeast is rich in all the trace elements that are necessary for plant growth, root development and immunity.

Yeast sourdough for watering is prepared as follows: one hundred grams of any yeast is diluted in warm water with the addition of a couple of tablespoons of sugar for better fermentation. The solution is infused until the fermentation process stops, then you need to dilute it again, a liter of sourdough in five liters of water, water the seedlings a week after planting in a permanent place, then immediately after rooting.

Feeding seedlings with ashes

For many years, such top dressing has been popular, because the seedlings of tomatoes and peppers absorb the potassium and phosphorus contained in the ash very well. And everyone knows how all fungal diseases are removed with the help of ash.

The only negative is that nitrogen-containing fertilizers cannot be mixed with ash and nitrogen can be applied only a month after using ash top dressing.

For feeding, the following mixture is used: pour a tablespoon of pure wood ash with five liters of hot water and leave for a day, then apply under the plants.

How to feed tomato seedlings, video

Kirill Sysoev

Calloused hands do not know boredom!

Content

People who have their own household plots annually grow vegetables (especially tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers) on their own. Planting seedlings in the ground and watering regularly is not enough to get a good harvest. Plants need to be fed with various means in order to kill pests, overcome diseases, and get tasty, fleshy, large fruits. There are several popular ways to provide seedlings with the necessary nutrients, with which it will not be difficult to grow healthy, vitamin-rich vegetables.

What is seedling nutrition

This is the process of introducing a nutrient solution under the root system of seedlings of tomatoes, pepper, fertilizer, which strengthens the immune system of the plant, helping to withstand stressful conditions under the influence of the external environment. To do everything right, you need to be able to recognize what exactly a pepper or tomato needs, how and when to add the solution, how to knead it, etc.

The answers to these many other questions will help novice gardeners get a full crop of vegetable crops. The benefits of using nutritious folk remedies are obvious - they help seedlings grow healthy, strong, resistant to various diseases and pests. Top dressing is carried out in two main ways: root, foliar.

How to feed seedlings

Before you start feeding, you need to familiarize yourself with the types into which any fertilizer for seedlings of tomatoes and peppers is divided:

1. Organic. This includes all folk remedies: a solution of mullein, wood ash, chicken manure, yeast mixture. Such fertilizers are made independently, do not require a lot of time, effort and finances, have a large percentage of assimilation.
2. Organo-mineral. Includes saline solutions and organic components.
3. Mineral. Contains the whole complex of nutrients necessary for the normal full growth of seedlings.

The number of dressings, their composition depends on the quality of the soil mixture. Primary top dressing is carried out no earlier than 15 days after sowing and the appearance of full shoots. Before diving into open ground, peppers and tomatoes do not need early feeding, and after the procedure, you need to wait at least a week. A very good result is obtained by alternating mineral mixtures with organomineral ones. Such top dressing is applied every 7-10 days. It is worth noting that an overabundance or lack of mineral nutrition has a bad effect on seedlings:

Name	Oversupply Symptoms		deficiency symptoms
	Intensive growth of stems, leaves, the appearance of a rich green color, reduced resistance to diseases	Stop fertilizing with nitrogen, feed with phosphorus-potassium agents	Reduced development of the root system, growth of stems	Add liquid nitrogen
	The appearance of chlorosis, a decrease in the absorption of iron	Feed with potassium or dolomite flour	Decreased stem growth, appearance of chlorosis, yellowing, leaf fall	Water 1-2 times a week with calcium nitrate (7-9 g per 3 liters of water)
	Stunting, leaf discoloration, spotting and leaf drop	Feed with potassium	The appearance of blueness on the leaves, spots, a brown tint along the edges, loss of immunity	Water with 1% saltpeter once a week
	Rapid aging of plants, wilting of fruits, the appearance of chlorosis	Feed with phosphate fertilizer	Weak plant growth, the appearance of red veins on the leaves	Insulate the window sill, pour with azophoska solution (5g per 3l)

Folk remedies

There are fertilizers for seedlings of pepper and tomatoes, which are prepared from natural ingredients at home. Experienced gardeners prefer such folk remedies to purchased preparations, since they are not only an excellent alternative to chemicals, but also absolutely safe for future fruits. Most of the means of folk production for feeding seedlings are made on the basis of:

• bird droppings;
• ash;
• eggshell;
• honey;
• banana peel;
• coffee grounds;
• Sahara;
• iodine;
• ammonia;
• potassium permanganate;
• potato broth;
• boric acid;
• yeast;
• aloe juice, etc.

The main trace elements that tomatoes and peppers need are:

1. Potassium. The element is necessary for the development of the root system, with its deficiency, the plants will die.
2. Phosphorus. Supports seedlings during flowering, fruiting. If there is not enough phosphorus, the ovary will wither and fall off, and you should not expect a full-fledged harvest.
3. Nitrogen. It is an active participant in the process of photosynthesis, helps young seedlings to actively build up a strong green mass.

The main disadvantage of processing, feeding seedlings of tomatoes and peppers with folk remedies is the inability to calculate the exact amount of trace elements in the mixture. Given this fact, it is better to reduce the dosage of fertilizer applied than to exceed it. In addition, it is better to fertilize in the morning, in moist soil and maintain the temperature of the mixture from 220 to 250. To disinfect the soil and fertilize any varieties of tomatoes, use an infusion of a handful of onion peels (peelings) and 3-5 liters of water.

Ash

The most popular fertilizer among gardeners is wood ash, which contains phosphorus and potassium, which is necessary for nourishing seedlings. The substance protects plants from pests, diseases and nourishes them. Before diving seedlings into the ground, 2 tbsp. l. ash mixture, and on top - a layer of earth to avoid damage to the roots. At the end of the second week after planting, the first feeding with liquid ash is carried out; to obtain a mixture, 100 g of ash powder must be diluted in 1 liter of water. Such a solution should be poured under the base of the stem by 1 liter.

You can also carry out foliar feeding by diluting 10 liters of water with 300 g of ash and half a piece of laundry soap. Then the mass is boiled for about half an hour, filtered, cooled. The last component is not necessary to add, but it contributes to better adhesion of the mixture to the seedling leaf. The resulting ash solution of the plant must be sprayed from above.

banana skins

The peel of bananas is rich in potassium, which is necessary for seedlings during the flowering period. The skin of the fruit must be dried in any way, and then crushed to a powder. The resulting mixture is poured when planting seedlings. It is best to dry the crusts in the fresh air, where the sun's rays and breeze will contribute to this. The product must be strung on a thread, covered with gauze. So, the maximum preservation of useful substances and getting rid of harmful impurities, which processed fruits, is ensured.

You can also use liquid banana fertilizer, obtained by infusing the peel of 2-3 fruits in a three-liter jar of water for at least 3 days. Next, the liquid must be filtered and poured 50 ml under each bush. There is another easy way to get a nutritious banana mixture - grind 1 fruit skin with a glass of water in a blender and add 1 tbsp soft gruel. l. under each seedling once a month. The organic elements contained in bananas not only nourish the plants, promoting abundant flowering, but also effectively fight aphids.

There is another way to feed - spraying seedlings with a banana peel spray (4 pcs.), Eggshell powder (2 tsp), magnesium sulfate (20 g), 1 liter of water. The first component must be dried, chopped, mixed with the rest of the ingredients. Spraying is carried out no more than once in 7 days, the mixture is stored in the refrigerator, and warmed up to 20 ° before use. From several finely chopped skins, filled with the Baikal EM1 preparation, you will get excellent compost. You need to insist the mixture for a month.

Infusion of bird droppings

Such top dressing is very popular among gardeners and is one of the first. The mixture is necessary to stimulate the growth of seedlings and if there are no signs of nitrogen starvation, then there is no need to fertilize. The mass is prepared simply - bird droppings are poured with water 1: 2, covered with a lid, left to ferment for 3 days. Then the solution is diluted 1:10 and used for root dressing. This method is the most effective, since it eliminates "nitrogen starvation" of seedlings by 100%.

Sugar

Plants, like people, extract clean energy from sugar, so “sweet” fertilizer will be useful for pepper and tomato seedlings. It is necessary to sprinkle sugar on the surface of the earth around the stem, or dilute 2 tsp. sweet substance with a glass of water, water with a solution of the plant. You can even use ordinary glucose tablets (sold in a pharmacy), dissolve 1 pc. in a glass of water and apply liquid to water the seedlings. This type of feeding should be carried out no more than once a month.

Iodine

Fertilizing seedlings of tomatoes and peppers with folk remedies can also be carried out with the help of iodine. The microelement protects plants from pests and diseases. To obtain a solution, dilute 10 g of iodine with a bucket of water (10 l), you can add another 10 g of phosphorus and 20 g of potassium. The fertilizer is suitable for root feeding 1-2 times a week, it can be added to settled water used for watering seedlings. The main advantage of this method is the availability and low cost of iodine.

One of the effective means by which vegetable seedlings are fed is eggshell. Experienced summer residents, gardeners collect it all winter, in order to scatter it in the beds in the spring. Crushed shells help loosen the soil, evenly distribute moisture, and reduce the amount of water needed for irrigation. The product is 90% rich in calcium carbonate and nutrients necessary for seedling growth.

Root top dressing is carried out with a liquid solution prepared in this way: the shell of 3-4 eggs is placed in a three-liter jar, filled with water, infused for 3 days in a dark place at room temperature. The lid should not be tightly closed. The main signs of the readiness of a folk remedy are its turbidity, the appearance of an unpleasant odor, which will subsequently scare away various pests. Eggshells still perfectly improve the mineral composition of the soil. An infused liquid is applied every 12-14 days under the root.

Yeast

Fertilizing seedlings of pepper and tomato seedlings with yeast is very effective, as it ensures rapid growth of seedlings, strengthening the root system, and improving the yield of these vegetable crops. You can prepare the solution as follows: combine 10 g of yeast, 4 tbsp. l. sugar, 10 liters of warm water, stir, let stand for a while. The finished mixture is very concentrated, so it must be diluted in a ratio of 1:10.

The level of tomato harvest largely depends on agricultural technology in the cultivation of vegetables, which becomes important even when growing seedlings. It is especially necessary for plants to provide them with all the necessary nutrients in a timely manner, as a result of which top dressing of tomato seedlings at home is of particular importance.

Brief description of culture

Tomatoes are perennial bushy plants, which are one of the most common vegetable crops in our country and around the world. The fruits of the vegetable are large juicy fleshy berries, characterized by high taste and commercial qualities. Among the propagation methods, the seedling method is the most common. During the cultivation of seedlings, it is extremely important to provide young seedlings with fertilizers.

The need for top dressing

Before feeding tomato seedlings at home, you need to make sure that it is really necessary. The deficiency of a particular substance can be determined by external signs:

1. Nitrogen. With a shortage of this element, the foliage in the lower part of the plant begins to turn yellow. This is because the plant is moving nutrients from there to the more promising upper part of the seedling. At the same time, growth processes slow down. Sometimes yellowing of the foliage with nitrogen deficiency is confused with a similar symptom with an excess of moisture and growing in cool conditions, but in this case all the leaves change color, not just the lower ones.
2. Phosphorus. The lack of an element causes the formation of a purple tint on the underside of the leaf blade. Until the seedlings are transplanted to a permanent place, it is not recommended to take decisive steps to solve this problem, if this does not interfere with the normal growth and development of seedlings.
3. Potassium. Deficiency of the element negatively affects the state of the root system of seedlings. By the time the seedlings are transplanted to a permanent place, they do not have time to grow roots in sufficient volume. Subsequently, this negatively affects the growth and development of tomatoes.
4. Iron. The element is extremely important for plants in the first phases of vegetation, its deficiency later manifests itself in the form of an insufficient level of immunity. You can determine the lack of iron by light spots on the leaves, on which streaks of green color are clearly visible.
5. Calcium. This component is responsible for the normal formation of the stem. The deficiency of the element makes the stem thinner, makes it stretch in length.

Top dressing dates

The effectiveness of fertilizers largely depends on the correct selected period of fertilization. A rough plan for how to fertilize plants consists of the following points:

1. First- when the first leaves appear on the plant.
2. Second- 2 weeks after the picking of seedlings.
3. Third- after another one and a half to two weeks.
4. 4th- a few days before landing in open ground.

Important! Seedlings must be planted in nutrient soil, which will allow the seedlings to fully develop.

Top dressing when picking

Picking causes plants to experience serious stress, but nevertheless, this is a necessary measure. Timely application of fertilizer allows you to painlessly transfer it.

The first time you need to feed a week and a half before picking. It should be aimed at strengthening the immune system. Two weeks later, fertilizer is applied again. Thanks to this, the seedlings will regain strength and resume the growth of the root system and the aerial part of the plant.

Feeding tomato seedlings at home

Seedling feeding scheme

At the first stage Nitrogen and phosphorus are especially important for life development for plants, so it is necessary to focus on these elements. It is recommended to carry out root dressing with minerals, trying not to get on the foliage.

At the second stage top dressing is repeated if the development of seedlings proceeds normally. If there is a stretching of seedlings, then it is recommended to refrain from fertilizing with nitrogen. It is also necessary to technically increase the length of daylight hours and set the temperature at +18°C.

At the third stage, which usually falls on the period after picking, foliar top dressing is carried out using organic fertilizers. This will strengthen the seedlings and contribute to an increase in the vegetative mass.

At the fourth stage it is allowed to carry out top dressing both foliar and root methods. In the first case, the treatment is carried out in the mornings and evenings, so as not to provoke the appearance of sunburn on the leaves. You can use both mineral and organic fertilizers, but the main emphasis should be on the saturation of plants with potassium, due to which the formation of flower ovaries occurs.

Seedling feeding scheme

Feeding methods

Feeding tomato seedlings at home involves two main methods of application:

• root;
• foliar.

The first method involves dissolving the nutrient in water and applying it by watering the seedlings under the root. This method is especially important at 1-2 stages of plant development, when it is desirable not to moisten their foliage, since seedlings during this period are especially susceptible to the influence of fungal diseases.

Additional Information! In order not to provoke a burn of the roots, it is necessary to moisten the soil first.

At 3-4 periods of development of tomato seedlings, root feeding using a spray gun becomes a priority. The foliage by this time is already quite well developed and has the ability to absorb nutrients, as a result of which the effectiveness of such top dressing increases dramatically. In this case, under the influence of sunlight, burns may appear on the foliage, so it is better to transfer the procedure to the morning or evening.

fertilizers

The list of drugs and substances for feeding tomato seedlings at home is very wide and includes mineral, organic fertilizers, as well as a number of folk remedies. The described preparations can also be used to feed seedlings of other cultivated plants - peppers, cucumbers, etc.

fertilizers

mineral

The most common type of fertilizer. They contain essential nutrients for plants. The most common among them are:

• carbamide (urea)- nitrogen concentrated fertilizer, the action of which is aimed at ensuring the full growth and development of the root part of the seedlings;
• ammonium nitrate- nitrogen fertilizer, contributing to the full growth and development of shoots and leaves;
• superphosphate- a fertilizer that saturates the plant with phosphorus and other essential nutrients, intensifies metabolic processes and stimulates the normal development of a strong and strong root system;
• potassium sulfate is a chlorine-free potash fertilizer, the use of which allows the plant to build up a strong root system and increase immunity, intensify the development of flower ovaries, increase the quantity and quality of the crop.

1. Mix 1 g of urea, 3 g of potassium sulfate and 8 g of superphosphate.
2. The resulting mixture is diluted in 2 liters of water.
3. The solution is stirred until all ingredients are completely dissolved.
4. The resulting substance is used for root dressing.

For use in root and foliar dressings, the following preparation is prepared:

1. Mix 600 mg of ammonium nitrate, 1.5 g of potassium sulfate and 4 g of superphosphate.
2. Dissolve the mixture in a liter container with water.
3. After complete dissolution, the fertilizer is ready for its intended use.

organic

Fertilizers of this category are characterized by their relative cheapness and availability. Most of these substances contain a significant amount of nitrogen, so their use is especially justified at the initial stages of plant development. The most common fertilizers in this category include:

1. Bird (primarily chicken) droppings. 1 kg of the substance is dissolved in 10 liters of water and infused for 3-4 days, after which the fertilizer is ready for use.
2. Cow dung used in a semi-decomposed state. 1 kg of mullein is diluted in 10 liters of water and infused for a day, after which fertilizer is obtained for root and foliar feeding.

Folk remedies

When choosing how to feed tomatoes at home on the window, many gardeners often choose products from this category. They are often found in everyday life and are suitable for those gardeners who do not want to expose the bushes to chemistry. The most common of them are:

1. Ash. 30 g of the substance is diluted in 2 liters of hot water and left to infuse for a day, after which the liquid is filtered and used for spraying and watering.
2. Iodine. The tool can not only saturate plants with nutrients, but also increase their resistance to fungal diseases. A drop of the substance is diluted in 3 liters of heated water. The resulting fertilizer is recommended for use in the last two stages of seedling development.
3. Yeast. The substance is used at 2-3 stages of growing seedlings. 10 g of the substance is diluted in a bucket of water, insisted for a day and immediately used for top dressing, trying not to store the finished fertilizer for too long.
4. Ammonia. Top dressing with this substance is carried out 2 weeks after picking, as well as on seedlings. To prepare fertilizer in a bucket of water, dilute one and a half tablespoons of the substance.
5. Hydrogen peroxide. The tool is used for root dressing. 20 drops of a 3% preparation are diluted per liter of water, after which the fertilizer is ready for use.

Diseases and pests of tomato seedlings

Tomato seedlings can be damaged by the following categories of diseases:

• fungal;
• viral;
• bacterial.

• late blight;
• white leaf spot;
• rot;
• alternariosis (dry rot);
• blackleg;
• fusarium wilt;
• olive spotting (cladosporiosis);
• powdery mildew.

Viral diseases include:

• mosaic;
• streak (striation);
• aspermia (seedlessness).

Bacterial diseases include:

• brown leaf spot;
• bacterial mottling;
• bacterial wilt;
• black bacterial spot;
• stolbur;
• bacterial cancer.

The fight against these diseases involves the treatment of seeds before planting and spraying with appropriate fungicides.

Note! Viral diseases are practically untreatable. If they are present, it is necessary to get rid of the affected seedlings as soon as possible so that the virus does not have time to infect healthy plants.

Chemical preparations and mechanical collection are carried out against pests of tomato seedlings, which include:

• Colorado beetles;
• bear;
• whitefly;
• spider mites, etc.

Feeding tomato seedlings ensures the normal development of plants. In the future, this leads to a high and high-quality crop.

There is no single established opinion about the need to feed seedlings. Someone is sure that it is better not to do this before planting in a greenhouse or open ground. At home, the plant needs to be watered and maintained at the correct temperature. Sometimes this is not enough: the foliage fades and changes color, the growth of the bush slows down. To avoid these signs, it is necessary to feed the seedlings. Allowed to make organic and mineral dressings.

tomatoes

Tomatoes can be found in almost every suburban area. Even inexperienced gardeners try to grow them. To propagate your favorite variety and get a decent harvest, you need to take care of growing strong seedlings.

Seeds are planted in a special soil mixture:

• land from the garden (you can not use the soil from the place where potatoes grow);
• humus;
• calcined sand;
• chalk powder.

To make the seeds more likely to germinate, they can be soaked in water. After 1.5 days, the first shoots will hatch. However, some gardeners advise sowing seeds directly into the ground. They are confident that the seedlings will grow stronger and stronger. Seeds are sown in early or mid-March (sometimes even in early April). Quality soil and the right temperature can ensure seedling health. To ensure a bountiful harvest and active growth, the plants should be fed.

Feeding is carried out in 4 stages.

1. The first feeding can be done after the development of the third leaf. It is necessary to use combined mineral fertilizers with a high nitrogen content. "Agricola 3" - fertilizer for better growth of the root system and the aerial part. In addition to nitrogen, the fertilizer is rich in potassium and phosphorus.
2. The second top dressing is applied to the soil 12 days after picking (transplanting). It is advisable to use . The main components of fertilizer are potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen. 1.5 tsp granules are dissolved in 5 liters of water. Plants need to be watered with the calculation of half a glass per sprout.
3. The third feeding is applied on the 26th day (completely similar to the second feeding).
4. The last top dressing is necessary when the tomatoes reach two months of age. If seedlings do not develop well, they need nitrogen. If the green mass is sufficiently developed, you need to focus on phosphorus and potassium. Prepare a nutritious "cocktail". In 5 liters of water, dissolve a full tablespoon of wood ash and half a tablespoon of superphosphate. 100 ml of solution is added under each bush.

If the color of the foliage acquires an unnatural shade (purple, yellow, brown), emergency feeding with the missing minerals is necessary.

eggplant

Eggplants love moisture and oxygen. Seedlings do not germinate well and grow slowly. Seeds are sown in February. Plants should be regularly and moderately watered and fertilized as needed. Until the moment of landing in the ground, 3 additional feedings are carried out.

1. Nitrogen-containing fertilizers will help the seedlings quickly develop the root system and greenery. After the appearance of the first sheet, you need to make "Uniflor growth" in accordance with the instructions.
2. In order for the root system to develop faster, you can make a solution of "Living Force" on the 10th day after picking.
3. 3 days before planting, the plants need to be fed with ecogel. This will allow the seedlings to quickly take root.

Pepper

Pepper grows in almost every dacha. The process of growing pepper seedlings is similar to growing tomatoes. Peppers need to provide a warm temperature, water moderately and make nutrients. "Correct" seedlings will give a decent harvest.

Unlike tomatoes, pepper seeds germinate better. They are tight, so the landing is made in the middle or end of February. Pepper seedlings like to present "surprises". In one night, strong healthy bushes can wither. Timely and properly selected top dressing will allow the pepper to grow better and form a crop in the future.

How to feed pepper for fast growth?

1. The first top dressing can be done when the bush releases the first full-fledged leaf. Dissolve 1 tablespoon of urea (carbonic acid amide) in 10 liters of water. It is rich in nitrogen and potassium. Plants should be watered carefully (no more than 100 ml per bush). 10 days after this procedure, the bushes need to dive into larger pots or boxes.
2. So that the bushes are not oversaturated with minerals, the second top dressing is carried out 21 days after the first. The composition of the solution is identical. Before watering the peppers, sprinkle the soil in the boxes with a thin layer of wood ash.
3. The third and last feeding of seedlings is carried out 7 days before transplanting into the ground. If the seedlings grew slowly, you need to apply nitrogen-containing fertilizers. By the time of planting in the soil, the plant should form a strong root system. For this, the bushes must be fed with phosphorus. An ideal option for top dressing is double superphosphate.

cucumbers

Cucumber seedlings grow very quickly. Seeds should be planted a month before planting in the ground. Germinating sprouts should be watered moderately so that they do not stretch out and weaken. If the cucumber seedlings began to grow poorly and wither, the root system does not have enough oxygen. The soil must be loosened for better breathability.

Fertilizing cucumbers before planting should be done twice.

1. For best growth, any fertilizer with a high nitrogen content is used as the first top dressing. The event is held after the appearance of the first full-fledged leaf on the whip.
2. The second feeding should be treated more scrupulously. To prepare the solution, you will need one and a half liters of water, 3 tbsp. l. wood ash, 10 g of potassium nitrate and 5 g of double superphosphate. You can add a complex of microfertilizers to the solution ("Master", "Sizam", "Oracle"). The mixture is applied 10 days before planting cucumbers in open ground or in a greenhouse.

According to this scheme, you can feed zucchini and zucchini.

The ability to plant seeds immediately in open ground is only available in warm regions. In most cases, gardeners need to prepare strong seedlings in advance. It needs optimal conditions for development and growth: the right temperature, good mineralized soil and timely fertilization.