Spring spraying of the orchard. Processing apple trees in autumn: how and how to spray fruit trees for the winter After what period of time to spray trees

There is a common misconception that the main thing is to plant a garden, after which you can calmly wait for the harvest without investing time and effort in tree care. Like all myths, this one has little to do with reality.

In order for the garden to bestow fruits on the owners, you will have to work hard, in particular, spray fruit trees in a timely manner in the spring. Processing must be carried out skillfully, using solutions with strictly defined concentrations of active substances, which will exclude the possibility of harming plants.

Spray target

The purpose of the procedure is to feed with nutritious minerals and control pests that settle on trees in abundance. In addition to insects, in the process of spraying they fight viral, fungal diseases of trees.

It is known that the root system is approximately equal in size to the crown of trees. Presenting it visually, it becomes clear that it is almost impossible to provide nutrition for the roots with one watering.

Spraying trees allows you to apply nutrients much more efficiently, because the leaves have a huge total surface area, they have a high absorption capacity.

In addition, a good apparatus ensures that chemicals reach all parts of the trunks, branches, cuttings and the back of the leaves, which is very useful for controlling larvae and adult pests.

Spraying time

Processing of fruit trees should be carried out at certain times of the year according to the schedule. Spontaneous spraying is not as effective. The frequency of work largely depends on climatic conditions, rainfall, age and condition of the garden. Experienced amateurs and professionals are able to determine the need of trees for this or that help by several signs. The main spraying work is carried out in the warm season, starting from early spring and ending with the period following the fall of the leaves. For convenience, you can make an approximate calendar so as not to miss the deadlines.

spring

The first spraying can be done before the buds open, at the very beginning of March, when the temperature begins to rise to small positive values. Insects harmful to trees at this early time are still in a state of hibernation, so chemicals act on trunks and branches, fixing particles of the drug on them.

At the end of March, in most regions, the temperature rises so much that pests begin to wake up and develop activity. At the same time, the first buds appear, which obliges the gardener to carefully select the dosage of drugs for processing.

Note! Before you start spraying, you should shake off the old remaining foliage from the branches, carefully collect it on the ground and discard. And it’s better to treat it with lime before that or burn it in a specially designated furnace so that diseases do not multiply.

Infected areas remain on old leaves, which can become a source of tree infection in the coming season. If there are moldy pieces of bark with moss or lichen on the trunks, they must be scraped off with a scraper. In young gardens, there are no such problems; it usually takes years for noticeable lichen lesions to propagate.

Gooseberry bushes, currants are poured with boiling water from a watering can at the very beginning of March (until the buds swell). This is a folk method of pest control (mites, powdery mildew).

The next spring spraying is done at the time of flowering, when many insects are activated, therefore, you need to get rid of them immediately and try to increase the resistance of trees to pests with special chemicals.

The final spring spraying is carried out after the end of flowering to destroy especially resistant insects, to prevent the appearance of fungal diseases on plants.

Summer

At the end of the spring period, the beginning of summer, an ovary appears on the branches, for the development of which nutrients are needed. Top dressing in June is the key to a good harvest, so you should not be lazy, but carry it out carefully, taking into account the specific composition of the local soil and the needs of specific species of garden trees and shrubs. The treatment with useful substances should be repeated in several stages until the fruit ripening stage, which will ensure good nutrition.

autumn

The final spraying in order to prepare fruit trees for wintering is done at the end of autumn after harvesting and leaf fall. Sources of infections, fungi, rot should not be left on the trunk, which can become stronger during the winter and begin to multiply with renewed vigor in early spring. Trees and shrubs should enter the winter season in absolutely healthy condition, which will reduce the amount of spring work needed, increasing the chances of getting a good harvest next year.

How to spray trees

• chemical;
• biological;
• homemade tinctures and extracts.

Centuries of spraying experience have developed traditional methods that are often preferred by old-school gardeners. Given the changing environmental situation, it is sometimes necessary to resort to new means that can stop the reproduction of specific pests.

The use of urea

Urea is a universal substance of active multifunctional action that can help in the fight against insects, fungi, and also feed trees.

The properties of urea, which chemists often call carbamide, are due to the high nitrogen content and the active participation of pests in the metabolic reactions of the body. It is important to remember the need to carefully follow the recommendations for diluting the solution. This applies to all drugs with high activity, especially urea.

In early spring, trees are treated with solutions with a large mass fraction of urea. At this time, there are still no leaves, buds and the likelihood of provoking burns is minimal.

In summer, spraying should be carried out with dilute urea solutions, the action of which is quite sufficient for plant nutrition, because the mass fraction of nitrogen in the substance reaches almost 47%.

Spraying with copper sulphate

The mechanism of action of many substances from the class of salts is almost the same, they block enzymatic metabolic reactions in the body of pests, thus providing neutralization. Copper sulfate poisons pests in a similar way, in addition, salt destroys fungal infections, helps fight the following types of tree infection:

• scab
• moniliosis;
• anthracnose;
• other diseases that cause rot and mold.

Crystal hydrate of copper sulfate (copper sulfate) is highly soluble in water, active in low concentrations.

For spraying, Bordeaux mixture is used - a solution of copper sulfate in milk of lime. Separately, copper sulfate is bred (100 g per 5 liters of water, prepared only in a non-metallic container), separately - lime (the same proportion). Then vitriol is poured into the lime mortar, stirred and the liquid is poured into the spray tank.

What is iron sulphate

A solution of copper sulfate in a hydrated state (ferrous sulfate) has a specific activity, expressed in the following types of action:

• fungicidal;
• supplying the plant with iron.

The dissolved substance has a greenish color, spreads well over the surface of the leaves when sprayed, provides a noticeable positive antifungal effect. Feeding with iron is especially important for apple trees, which accumulate it in fruits. If iron deficiency manifests itself noticeably in the form of white spots on the leaves, half a kilogram of crystals should be dissolved in a ten-liter bucket of water for spraying. With normal top dressing, it is enough to dissolve 10 g of iron sulfate in 10 liters of water.

Treatment with home remedies

Folk ways to protect gardens from pests combine both chemical and biological methods of influence, which were found intuitively, empirically. Their effectiveness has been proven for many tens (sometimes even hundreds) of years.

A good effect is spraying the garden with infusions of onion peel, chopped chives, dry powdered or green leaf tobacco. All these plants have a specific smell, which significantly reduces the number of pests on the trees.

To enhance the effect, you can add green soap, sold in gardening stores, to the extracts. In composition, it is similar to ordinary laundry soap, known for its antimicrobial action. The difference lies in the fact that green soap additionally contains vegetable oils and some fats, due to which the effect on pests is enhanced.

Tobacco is good for the gardener, not only in the form of tincture, they can be used to fumigate plants to kill aphids. Crushed tobacco leaves are placed on small stacks of straw in safe places between trees and set on fire. Enveloping smoke will drive out aphids not only on the trees in your garden, but also on your neighbors.

In addition to spraying and fumigation, timely whitewashing of the lower part of the trunk has a beneficial effect on the trees. This should be done in autumn or early spring, in March-April, when the temperature still does not exceed 5 ° C. Whitewashing by May Day will give a festive look to your garden, but will not save you from pests, which by this time will have already left the ground and will take positions on trunks and branches.

You can whitewash with a traditional lime solution or with new products, presented in abundance in specialized stores.

Biological agents

The mechanism of action of biological preparations is based on the fact that one beneficial microorganism is sprayed, which devours pests with pleasure.

• trichodermin is a fungus that destroys scab and rot;
• planriz is a concentrate of microbes that eat powdery mildew, brown rust, and even some insects.

A similar action is shown by "Pentofag", "Phytodoctor", "Fitosporin". With all due respect to the developers of biological preparations for the garden, the author is somewhat wary of the possibility of their use, because it is very easy to shift the balance in one direction or another, it is important not to overdo it and not populate the “guests” in excess.

How to properly process

Spraying requires careful execution of the process in all its details, which consists in the obligatory protection of the gardener's face, hands, body from solutions, the correct choice of the concentration of the active substance and the ability to use the pump.

You can spray the old-fashioned way with a broom only on bushes or small trees, and for the rest of the garden you definitely need a manual or electric pump. The choice of model is determined by the size of the garden and budgetary possibilities.

To spray with a handheld device, you need to be in good physical shape, which will allow you to carry a container of liquid on your back and pump the pump all the time to ensure a good jet.

Electric models are much easier and more convenient to use, while it is important to ensure a safe connection, after which you can work safely.

Note! For many reasons, spraying should not be done in high humidity and windy weather.

You need to choose weather without strong winds, precipitation on this and the next day, since the current virtual sources of information allow you to do this.

During operation, the container with the solution must be periodically shaken in order to ensure uniform distribution of the active drug throughout the volume. Trees must be sprayed evenly from all sides, leaving no untreated areas, so that the procedure has the expected result. With a careful attitude to work, success will be undeniable.

Garden processing in spring

Stages of processing fruit trees from pests and insects

Chemical spraying is considered the most effective preventive measure, and is carried out in several stages:

• The first stage - after the snow melts, before bud break (early spring spraying). Usually it is the end of March, with temperatures ranging from above 5 degrees Celsius.

During this period, tree trunks are carefully examined for the presence of insect clutches, old and exfoliated bark is removed, after which they are treated with lime-containing products. In early spring, a diesel fuel treatment method is used - after spraying, it creates an oily film, under which insect pupae and eggs die within a few hours.

It is also necessary to carry out preventive treatment with insecticides (Aktara, Alatar) with the addition of fungicides (Agrolekar, Bronex, Bordeaux mixture).

• The second - from mid-April, after the first leaves bloom (green cone phase).

Before flowering, it is necessary to complete the second stage of processing from the codling moth. Organophosphorus agents are used, such as: Azamthiophos, Glyphosphate. As well as biological active substances of Bacillus subtilis: strain 26 D, M-22 VIZR, IPM 215.

• The third - after flowering is completed at the end of May.

During the flowering period, pest control is not performed, but you can protect the color from diseases and ticks that come out of hibernation immediately after it is completed. Copper sulphate and "Preparation 30 V" should be used. Biological pesticides are also suitable: Abamectin, Spinosad, Aversectin S.

• The last treatment takes place in the fall, after the leaves have fallen to reduce the number of pests that have settled down for the winter.

During this period, spraying with substances of general action against pests and diseases is carried out so that they do not have time to hide for the winter. Use Karambid, iron vitriol and Fufafon.

For old, but still fruiting plants, additional strengthening top dressing is carried out in July, for better formation and further ripening of fruits.

The most effective preparations for processing the garden

• Fufafon - will protect trees from apple, plum sawfly, cherry weevil, bud mites;
• Carbamide (urea) - from aphids, sucker, caterpillar, apple flower beetle, leafworm caterpillar. 50 gr. urea is diluted in 10 liters of water and sprayed on the garden after flowering. After entering the soil, urea additionally fertilizes it;
• Copper sulphate (copper sulfate) protects against curl, coccomycosis, moniliosis, black cancer, scab, phyllosticosis, fruit rot. 100 gr. vitriol is diluted in 10 liters of water. Consumption from 2 to 5 liters. solution per tree, depending on size, per bush - up to 1.5 liters. Plant roots are prophylactically disinfected from bacterial and fungal infections by immersing them in a ready-made 3% solution for 3 minutes. Copper sulphate is a toxic substance; it is strictly forbidden to pour residues into water bodies;

• Iron vitriol destroys moss, lichen, septosporosis, cytosporosis, powdery mildew, gray rot. Additionally replenishes the lack of iron in fruit trees. Due to the high acidity, ferrous sulfate can burn the leaves, so a 3% solution is used before blooming, and in the fall after the leaves fall. The rest of the time, 1% will do;
• "Preparation 30 V" - relieves scale insects, aphids, moths, whiteflies, red and brown fruit mites. The drug creates a film on the bark and disrupts the metabolism in the eggs and larvae of insects, leading to their death. 200 gr. diluted in 10 liters of water and sprayed before the buds open and after the leaves fall, taking a break once every 2 years;
• Bordeaux mixture protects against curliness, monoliosis and scab. 150 gr. copper sulfate is diluted in warm water, 200 gr. lime is quenched in a metal bowl. Then, a solution of copper sulphate, while stirring, is poured into a solution of lime.

Kirill Sysoev

Calloused hands do not know boredom!

Content

Any summer resident wants to always see his garden as the most beautiful and healthy. There are many ways to do this, but spring spraying remains the most basic. Understand how to protect trees from pests and help them fully reproduce in the new summer season.

When to Spray Trees in Spring

The most important issue in spraying fruit trees in the spring is the right time for this. The first stages of preparation for the summer season begin in March, however, fruit processing should only be started when the average daily temperature stabilizes at around +5 degrees. Often such forecasts fall on the second half of March, so it is better to take your time and wait for suitable / weather conditions so as not to harm your garden.

Spring treatment of the garden from pests and diseases includes inspecting trees for deep cracks in which pests could start. It is advisable to go over the entire trunk with a brush in order to clean it of old bark, remove dried branches, in general, bring the tree into a well-groomed appearance. It is necessary to prepare a solution for spraying only on the day of the procedure, otherwise there will be no benefit from your work.

A common question: is it possible to spray trees during flowering? The answer is unequivocal - no, otherwise you can ruin all the flowers. In general, in the spring there are several types of spraying:

1. March- aimed at protecting plums, pears, apple trees from harmful microorganisms formed during the winter. It is produced exclusively at an average daily temperature of +5 degrees.
2. April- protects the buds of fruit trees from spring frosts, prolonging the hibernation stage of the tree. Blooming occurs a little later, but this does not affect the further fertility of the plant.
3. Mayskoye- after flowering, it is necessary to protect against pests and diseases. So you protect the garden from a variety of bacteria, which during the summer can spoil not only the appearance of the bark, but also the fertility of the tree.

How to treat the garden in the spring from diseases and pests

There are several preparations for spraying fruit trees in the spring. Each is aimed at combating certain harmful factors. Knowing their action and methods of processing, you will be able to determine when or which drug should be used at the moment. Remember that they are all highly toxic substances, so it is very important to take care of your own and others' safety.

Preparations for the treatment of fertile trees are divided into biological, chemical or combined agents. Each has advantages and disadvantages. Thus, poisonous chemical solutions act only for a few weeks, and then completely lose their properties. Biological agents are not so dangerous for humans or animals, but they must also be handled carefully. Their disadvantage is that they act only on a number of certain diseases and bacteria of fruits and shrubs, while chemicals literally kill all pests.

If you don’t know how to spray trees in the spring before bud break, then the most popular means for spraying among summer residents are still combined preparations that are very effective and do not require a large number of sprays throughout the summer season. To understand which remedy is best for you, you need to find out the action of each, and only then choose the perfect option for yourself and your garden.

Nitrofen for garden spraying

A very powerful tool is Nitrofen. Substances destroy larvae or laid eggs of pests during the winter period. With this tool, you need to process trees that are in the wintering stage, that is, just in mid-March. You can not use Nitrofen on already awakened trees that are starting to bloom foliage. A poisonous substance can burn the buds and foliage, which leads to the death of the tree.

Processing fruit trees in the spring with Nitrofen is very effective in combating moss, lichen, eliminates spotting, aphids, various caterpillars, mites and leafworms. It is necessary to use the tool exactly following the instructions. Don't forget to protect yourself, such as gloves, clothing, and waterproof shoes. Try to keep children and animals away from the tree processing area.

Treatment of trees in the spring with copper sulphate

Another tool suitable for protecting trees in early spring is blue vitriol. This solution will be especially useful for fruit-bearing trees if cracks or wounds have formed on them that require mandatory care in the form of disinfection. You can also use vitriol at the end of the season - in October after harvesting the entire crop.

An important point in the use of this tool is the temperature at which processing is possible: from +5 to +30 degrees. It is impossible to process fruit trees on which buds have appeared, and even more so leaves have blossomed. The best conditions are a windless day. This will protect other plants from getting the chemical on the leaves (if they have already appeared), and will not harm you or the animals. Spraying copper sulfate, like any other protective agent for fruits and shrubs, should be away from drinking water bodies.

Treating trees with iron sulphate in spring

Iron vitriol compensates for the lack of iron sulfate in shrubs: currants, raspberries, roses, or some vegetable crops. It is necessary to spray fruit trees in the spring before the growing season, otherwise you will greatly harm the leaves, and subsequently the fruits (or rose flowers). Very important information: the dosage of ferrous sulfate is 50 g per 10 liters of water. For some reason, product manufacturers rarely indicate this information on the packaging, so gardeners often look for help from different sources, which are not always reliable.

Spraying with urea

An excellent protector against pests, scab, fungal diseases is urea, or urea in another way. In addition, this remedy is a nitrogen fertilizer for the earth. Processing apple trees with urea in spring prolongs the hibernation of the tree, so the appearance of flowers and buds occurs much later. This protects them from death during spring frosts, which appear suddenly and rarely anyone from summer residents can guess in advance when this will happen.

Like other early spring sprayers, urea is used at a temperature not lower than +5. It should stabilize, that is, day and night on the thermometer should be no less than this indicator. Spraying fruit trees in spring with urea protects them from pests that have laid their larvae in winter: sucker, aphids, weevil. To dilute the drug, you will need:

• carbamide - 700 g;
• copper sulfate - 50 g;
• water - 10 liters.

Video: Spraying grapes in spring

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So, spraying apple trees allows you to protect them from aphids, which often form nodules on the bark of a tree, which subsequently crack and turn into ulcers. If you do not stop aphids in time, which, in addition to apple trees, often infect plums, pears, cherry plums and apricots, then the leaves of the tree will begin to curl and then fall off. The tree itself can stop growing and dry out.

And spraying the plum, first of all, is aimed at protecting it from the May beetle, which eats fruit strings and leaves. The larvae of this insect are especially dangerous for a young orchard, because they severely damage the roots, which can cause the death of plants.

Spraying pears, apples, plums and cherries allows you to save not only leaves, but also ripened fruits from caterpillars and butterflies, thereby preserving the ripening crop.

When to spray fruit trees?

Hearing about the benefits of spraying and knowing when to spray trees are two different things. Spraying an orchard at the wrong time will not allow you to achieve the desired result in full at best and leave you without a crop at worst. Processing of fruit trees must be carried out not only when the fruits have already formed on them, but also long before that, in early spring, and even after harvesting the entire crop and leaf fall - in late autumn, and, of course, in summer, in the midst of pest activity.

Based on many years of experience of gardeners, a tree spraying calendar was compiled, which indicates when and with what to spray trees. That is, based on the collection and systematization of the experience of different gardeners, a certain sequence of actions was established that gives the best result in harvesting. When compiling such calendars, not only the start period is taken into account, but also what is best to use at this time. For example, the gardener's calendar will indicate not only when to spray trees in the spring, but also what to spray them in each spring month and the same recommendations for other seasons.

Spraying trees in spring

Of course, it's up to you to decide how to spray fruit trees in the spring, because this is your garden. Yes, and today there is a huge variety of means for processing the garden, which are suitable both for early spring work before the formation of buds in apple trees, pears and plums, and during the blooming of leaves, flowering and fruit formation.

The most commonly used means of domestic gardeners are:

• carbamide (urea);

It is not possible to give unequivocal preference to any drug, since their action may be more directed to a certain type of threat than others, or its effect may be so strong that it can damage the leaves of the tree, therefore it is used only in early March or at the end of October. Another garden treatment recommendation is to stop using chemicals as soon as fruit appears, and to use any spray preparations 3 weeks before harvest.

blue vitriol

Spraying trees with copper sulphate is recommended to be carried out twice during the summer season. Once - in early spring before the first buds appear on your trees, since even a solution diluted in the recommended proportions can damage young leaves, vitriol is also used if there are wounds on the fruit tree that require disinfection. Usually this fungicide is used to treat pears, plums and apple trees in early March and late October. Processing plums with copper sulphate helps protect the plum garden from curliness, moniliosis, coccycosis and clasterosporosis, and protects apple and pear trees from phyllosticosis, curliness, scab and moniliosis.

If your orchard consists of young trees up to 6 years old, then copper sulfate solution will need up to 2 liters per 1 fruit seedling and up to 10 per adult fruit-bearing pear or apple tree.

Spraying fruit trees with copper sulphate is recommended in the morning or evening on a calm day at a temperature of + 5 ° C to + 30 ° C, but in no case higher. Since this fungicide is a very aggressive drug, it is recommended to dilute it away from animals and people and make sure that its residues do not fall into wells and other sources of water supply or reservoirs.

Carbamide (urea)

Spraying trees with urea can be done as the first care for apple, plum and pear trees a week after flowering, or as the last preparation of trees for wintering. Of course, each such treatment will require its own special concentration and will simultaneously achieve an additional effect that saves the future harvest.

As the first treatment of fruit trees, high concentration carbamide with a small addition of copper sulfate allows not only to destroy pest larvae, but also, which is especially important when spraying plums, to slow down the rate of its spillage from hibernation by 1-2 weeks. This will protect the sensitive plum color from early frosts.

With a weaker concentration of carbamide (50g per 10l of water), the orchard is sprayed a week after flowering to protect fruit plantations from the apple flower beetle, sucker, aphids, leafworm caterpillars, etc.

Autumn spraying of trees with urea, as urea was previously called, can be carried out when about 40-50% of the foliage has fallen off the branches. In this case, the concentration of the solution should be higher than during flowering, but less than 500 g per 10 liters. Or, after waiting for the foliage to fall completely, you can use solutions of more concentrated urea - 7-10%, preparing the garden for the next season and spraying not only the trunks and branches themselves, but also the ground, using the drug for two purposes at once: as a fungicide and as fertilizers.

But if you hurry up and apply this product of such a high concentration, then the leaves can get burned and, as a result, fall off ahead of schedule, not providing the orchard with nutrients for the winter, which can reduce their resistance to frost.

inkstone

Spraying trees with iron sulphate, like its copper counterpart, is usually carried out twice a year during periods when the garden has either not yet begun to turn green, or is already preparing for wintering.

Spraying fruit trees with iron sulphate has a double effect: on the one hand, the garden receives the iron that is so necessary for plants in an accessible form, which plays an important role in the respiration of plantings, and on the other hand, it is an effective protection against pests. Particularly sensitive to iron deficiency are orchards consisting of apple, pear or plum trees, which show a lack of metal in their own way - a low yield or incomplete fruit development.

If the orchard mainly consists of old apple trees, plums and pears, then spraying is carried out not only at the beginning of spring, but also at the end of autumn, which helps not only to fight pests, but also to destroy lichen, moss, scab, cytosporosis, black cancer , septosporosis, and cytosporosis on the bark and branches, allowing next year to accelerate its growth rate and increase the yield of the plant.

Preparation 30

Preparation 30 for spraying pear, plum or apple trees is recommended for use in early spring or late autumn, at a concentration of 200 g per 10 liters of water. Processing fruit plantations with this agent allows you to get rid of whiteflies, false scale insects, leafworms, scale insects, aphids, moths, suckers, mealybugs, red and brown fruit mites that have wintered on the bark. This drug is no less effective for combating larvae in the summer. According to the manufacturer, it is safe for the tree itself, since it does not control pests by poisoning them with various substances, but with the help of a thin film that forms on the bark treated with the solution, and disrupts the water balance and gas exchange that have been treated with pests at such stages. like larvae or eggs. By creating unfavorable conditions for the existence of pests, the drug leads to their rapid death.

And although such an effect seems to be achieved by a method that is harmless to fruit plantations, but given the formation of a film and the decay period of some elements of the drug 30, some gardeners do not recommend its use more often than 1 time in 3 years.

diesel fuel

Diesel fuel, like other petroleum products, has been used for spring and autumn gardening for many decades, but it must be used with great care. The fact is that spraying trees with diesel fuel can lead to burns or the death of fruit plantations.

Therefore, spraying fruit trees with diesel fuel must be taken very responsibly, and most importantly, apply the mixture at the right time. If this is vesta, then such fruit plantations as apple trees, pears, plums should be processed not only before the formation of leaves, but preferably even before the formation of buds, and in the autumn period it is better to wait until the foliage has completely fallen off after the first frost.

No one uses diesel fuel in its pure form for processing an orchard, but it is mixed with a large amount of water and other substances, reducing its destructive activity. But treatment with diluted diesel fuel can even be recommended if the apple or plum tree has a sharp corner, which has begun to rot over the years. In this case, the annual use of this substance can interfere with the processes of decay.

Tree sprayer

The processing of the orchard is carried out using special devices of a manual or mechanical principle of operation. A device for spraying trees is simply an indispensable thing for caring for an orchard, since it protects the gardener from contact with chemicals and allows you to evenly distribute the drug over the plantings. Each such device is equipped with a pump for supplying spraying agent. To work with powdered chemicals, there are devices with air blowers.

Mechanical models are much more convenient than manual ones, but they cost several times more and, provided that the gardener has a small garden, are an unjustified luxury. At the same time, the manual apparatus requires a constant pressure created for processing pears, plums, apple trees and other representatives of the orchard, which is provided by pumping the gardener's hands. But the principle of swapping is different for different devices: some devices work on preliminary pumping, while others work on a constant one. Each of these options has its own advantages and disadvantages. The gardener must choose the most suitable model for himself.

As you can see, there are many aspects, from the weather forecast for the next month and the analysis of the prevalence of certain pests in the region in the current season, to the analysis of the state of your orchard, its average age, etc., which is important to consider when choosing the time and spraying means. Therefore, novice gardeners, as well as those who care about getting the maximum yield with the least amount of effort, it is better to turn to the specialists of our company for help with garden maintenance. All people working in the Sovereign company are highly qualified specialists who will competently process your orchard at a low cost and suggest how else you can increase productivity.

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Every summer resident knows how important it is to carry out seasonal processing of fruit crops from diseases and pests. It is especially important to do this in the spring. Such an event can prevent the invasion of harmful insects, prevent the appearance of pathogenic microbes, which in turn ensures good yields. Therefore, many gardeners are interested in the question of when it is possible to spray fruit trees from pests.

When to process

Treatment and preventive work should begin in early spring.

• When warm dry weather sets in, the air temperature will be at least 6 ° C (late March - early April, but depends on the region, it is better after the snow has melted). At this time, insect pests begin to wake up, pathogens of fungal infections (scab, rot, moniliosis) spread.
• It is necessary to remove the garden from the remaining foliage, grass, before irrigating fruit trees, bushes. To do this, remove winter covering materials, cut off diseased, damaged, old branches, burn all plant debris. You also need to dig up the trunk circles and whitewash the trunks, skeletal branches.
• Trees older than 6 years are cleaned of ancient bark, moss, lichen. Such manipulations allow plants to breathe better, stimulate the emergence of new shoots, and increase their regenerative functions.
• After carrying out the preparatory measures, spring processing of trees and shrubs begins.

The procedures are carried out in several stages:

• until the moment when the kidneys swell;
• before the flowering of plants (so that the inflorescences do not die, the concentration of drugs is made weak);
• the last spraying is carried out at the end of May, after the trees stop blooming, fruits begin to set. Therefore, the answer to the question of how trees can be sprayed during the flowering period from pests is obvious - nothing.

Important! During the flowering of the garden, it is unacceptable to use insecticides, fungicides. You can take bio-substances that will stimulate the formation of fruits or use folk methods. The drug ovary is usually used.

Spraying fruit trees from pests

Processing tools

Each gardener chooses his own garden protection methods. Today it is not difficult, because there are a large number of disinfectants, medicinal preparations suitable for different periods.

Note! All solutions must be prepared before use, otherwise they can damage the plants while remaining harmless to insects.

How to spray trees and shrubs in the spring from pests? Ready-made store or folk remedies are suitable.

Chemical compositions

Such substances are considered the most effective, since:

• act quickly;
• perfectly soluble in water;
• the effect persists for a long time;
• each substance has its own decomposition period;
• can be used at low temperatures: from 5°C.

Thus, the first treatments are best done by them.

Among the variety of ways to treat fruit trees in early spring from diseases and pests, the most common are:

diesel fuel

It must be used at a certain time and extremely carefully, otherwise you can destroy the plants. Be sure to wear gloves, closed clothing, a respirator.

They begin to spray the trees when there is still snow left in some places, and there are no buds on the branches. In autumn, it is recommended to carry out the procedure, after all the leaves have fallen, the first frosts will come.

diesel fuel

Such an oil product cannot be used in its pure form. It should be diluted in a large amount of water, adding any other substances that neutralize the harmful effects of diesel fuel.

You can make this mixture. Its concentration will be no more than 50%:

• solarium - 10 parts;
• water - 9 parts;
• laundry soap, grated - 1 part.

blue vitriol

It is used no more than 2 times a year. The first spraying is done in early spring before the buds appear, otherwise all young foliage may die.

The tool is also used if there are cracks on the trees that need to be disinfected.

Important! Plants must be sprayed again at the end of October. This will protect fruit crops from scab, phylostecosis, moniliosis, clusteroporosis, and curliness.

A young tree (no more than 6 years old) needs 2 liters of the mixture, an adult specimen - 10 liters. Prepare such a composition for primary processing: copper sulfate, lime (0.3 kg per 10 liters of water). Everything is mixed together, insisted for 48 hours. Then they boil for 45 minutes, filter, add 1 bucket of water.

blue vitriol

For the next irrigation, the same substances will be needed, only in reduced quantities (0.1 kg per 10 liters of water). Repeat all manipulations according to the previous scheme.

inkstone

If the garden is filled with old fruit trees, then spraying is carried out in early spring and late autumn (300 g per 10 liters of water). The substance successfully fights cytosporosis, septosporosis, black cancer, harmful insects, mosses, lichens. Helps increase fruit yield and enriches plants with iron.

Bordeaux liquid

It is used when there are unblown buds on the branches. Make a solution: dry vitriol (50 g), lime (0.2 kg), water (1 bucket). All ingredients are mixed and pollinated trees.

Bordeaux liquid

Preparation 30

Experienced gardeners are advised to spray the trees with a solution in early spring or late autumn (0.2 liters of substance per 10 liters of water). It will help get rid of aphids, whiteflies, leafworms, mites and other insects wintering in the bark of trees.

Note! Substance 30 is very effective, it can be used no more than 1 time in 3 seasons.

Urea

Trunks and branches are treated with it 1 week after the completion of the flowering of fruit crops, as well as in the pre-winter period.

To spray the trees in spring, you should take urea (0.5 kg), copper sulfate (1 matchbox), water (10 l).

The autumn composition is made after the plants shed half of the foliage (0.25 kg of substance per 10 liters of water). But you can process trees when the leaves fall off completely. Then the solution is made more saturated (8%). In this case, both the plant and the soil are irrigated. In addition, the tool will fertilize the earth.

Urea

Separately, it is worth noting the old proven tools.

• Spark (10 ml per 1 liter of water). Apply after the plants have flowered. The product protects the garden from sucking, gnawing insects, codling moths, leafworms, scoops, sawflies, and other pests.
• Karbofos (90 g per 10 liters of water - for fruit trees and 70 g - berry bushes) will protect plants from caterpillars, aphids, mites, weevils, codling moths, scale insects. The first time is sprayed when the buds open, the second time before the onset of flowering.

Important! Plants should be treated in dry sunny weather. The rain will wash away all the substances, and the work will be done in vain.

Biological control measures

Recently, these methods of dealing with pests and diseases have become increasingly popular. They have a number of advantages:

• do not accumulate in the soil, fruits;
• do not burn plants;
• they can be used in small quantities.

Disadvantages:

• act slowly;
• used at temperatures above 10°C.

The most famous of them:

• trichodermin is used during the period of appearance of the kidneys (effectively fights scab, various types of rot);
• pentaphage protects against perforated spotting, bacterial cancer;
• planriz against powdery mildew, leaf rust, lepidoptera pests;
• phytodoctor prevents late blight, fusarium, root rot;
• phytosporin M suppresses fungal, bacterial infections;
• gaupsin - a universal drug against diseases, insects;
• Mikosan forms a thin film on trees from pathogenic microorganisms.

Folk remedies

Many owners of summer cottages use ecological methods to protect fruit crops. They can be used simultaneously with chemicals (at any time). Launched:

• various types of weeds (celandine, wormwood);
• spicy herbs: dill, thyme, horseradish, fennel;
• coniferous needles;
• tomato, potato tops;
• chamomile, nettle;
• salt, mustard powder;
• garlic, hot pepper.

Here are some recipes.

• Wormwood (400 g per 10 liters of water). Boil for 30 minutes, add 40 g of green or laundry soap, and then spray the trees.
• Chamomile infusion (200 g per 1 liter of water). Leave for 10 - 12 hours, and then drain the resulting solution. Pour the remaining herbal mass with 5 liters of water and leave for another 13 hours. Combine both compositions and spray the crown.
• Pepper is bitter. An infusion is prepared (1 kg of fruit per 10 liters of water). Leave for 48 hours. The resulting mass is boiled for 1 hour, cooled and poured into containers with tight lids. Use as needed throughout the season. Laundry soap is added before irrigation (80 g per 1 bucket of water).
• Tansy. Herbal powder (0.7 kg per 10 liters of boiling water) is infused for 4 days, then boiled for 15 minutes, filtered and added to 1 bucket of water. Fruit plantations are processed several times a season.

Processing in summer and autumn

Fruit trees must be processed throughout the growing season. Therefore, when summer comes, you need to continue pest control. Do not use chemicals during this period. It is better to use hunting belts, liquid sweet baits where insects will flock. You also need to collect carrion.

With the advent of autumn garden work continues. After leaf fall, fallen leaves are removed, damaged branches are cut off, trapping belts are removed, trunk circles are dug up, trunks and skeletal branches are whitened. They also get rid of dead bark, burn plant debris, pest nests. Trees are treated with the same preparations as in spring.