Organic fertilizer for the garden. What are fertilizers for the garden and vegetable garden

Environmentally friendly to soil and plants. They contain almost all the substances necessary for plant nutrition: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. They are, without any doubt, the most valuable material for plant nutrition. Judge for yourself: they enrich the soil with nutrients, structure and generally improve its physical properties, improve the water and air regime.

In addition, as a result of the decomposition of organic matter, microorganisms release carbon dioxide, which, as you know, plants breathe.

Any organic matter can become fertilizer - that's what nature has decreed. Very smart, I must admit.ordered. In this way, she achieved an uninterrupted cycle of life. “There is no death, there is only Life, giving birth to itself without end,” the heroine of the book by M. Semenova says this or something like this. And with regard to garden life, this will be a very correct saying.

For the convenience of farmers, all organic fertilizers were divided into groups - each has its own name and its own application.

Manure- the most complete organic fertilizer. Its composition depends on the type of animals, the type of their feeding, the bedding used and its quantity (straw is considered the best, followed by peat, sawdust).

Cattle manure decomposes slowly and does not give much heat. But mullein is often used for liquid top dressing. One part of the manure is mixed with two parts of water, before applying this mass is again diluted with water 3-4 times.

Horse and sheep manure, on the contrary, are heated during storage to 70-80 ° C, so it can be used in greenhouses and greenhouses as a biofuel. To further improve heat transfer, such manure is mixed with sawdust, bark, leaves, compost, straw, and household waste.

Pig manure contains a lot of nitrogen, so large doses of it can "burn" the plants. However, it is poor in calcium, can increase the acidity of the soil, and when fresh contains pathogens and helminths. Therefore, it is better not to use it directly, but to add it to the upcoming compost. The temperature in the compost pit sometimes rises to 60-65 ° C, and the eggs of the worm die already at a temperature of 55-60 ° C.

According to the degree of decomposition, manure is divided into four types: fresh, semi-rotted, rotted and humus. Byas the manure rots, it loses its original mass: semi-decomposed - 20-30%, rotted - 50, humus - 70%.

Manure has been operating for several years. During the first year, 50% of the contents contained in it are used. nutrients, the second - 25, the third - 15, the fourth - 10%. The action of manure is more effective on heavy soils (5-7 years), on light soils - only 2-3 years.

Using this feature of manure, the rules of fruit change are drawn up.

What kind of manure is used depends largely on taste qualities vegetables. Beets and parsley will be tastier and more aromatic if you fertilize them with sheep dung. The radish will not be "evil" if the bed for it is fertilized with cattle manure, and the onion will become softer and sweeter if you use horse dung, and, conversely, it will be bitter and unpleasant from pork. Cabbage, when used, acquires bad smell. The same thing happens with parsley. She becomes hard and rough.

Dung slurry.For the preparation of slurry, a barrel is usually used, dug into the ground or placed in the far corner of the site. It is half-filled with manure, sprinkled with ashes, and then filled with water. For ten days, the mass must be mixed well, then let it settle for two or three days - and fertilizer can be applied to the soil.

Ready slurry must be diluted with water 2-4 times so as not to burn the roots, and the plants are watered on a cloudy day or in the evening. Holes are made near bushes and trees and filled with a solution of slurry. Prerequisite for useslurry - incorporation after application. That is, it will be necessary to simply dig it up.

Most effective use slurry - preparation of composts from various agricultural wastes with the addition of peat.

bird droppingsis a fast-acting fertilizer, as it contains nutrients in a form that is easily accessible to plants. The most nutritious is chicken and pigeon droppings, unlike duck and goose.

It is important to remember that bird droppings are most effective when used in liquid feeds. To prepare the solution, the containers are half filled with litter, then filled with water, closed with a lid and infused for 3-5 days. Next, the solution is diluted again with water (1:10). Connoisseurs do not recommend infusing bird droppings with water, otherwise it will ferment and lose up to 50% of nitrogen.

Peat, silt, faeces . Peat is not suitable as a plant food - it contains so many nutrients available to plants. In the garden, it is needed for other purposes - namely "fertilizer": it increases the humus content and improves soil structure. In addition, due to the dark color, peat absorbs heat well and helps the beds warm up quickly.

Peat is also different. According to the degree of decomposition, high-moor, low-lying and transitional types of peat are distinguished. Horse is distinguished by a low degree of decomposition of plant residues and high acidity. Lowland is characterized by a high degree of decomposition and less acidity. Transitional peat occupies an intermediate position between them.

Peat is collected in swamps, then laid out for ventilation or laid in compost heap. Peat is brought in at any time of the year, even in winter in the snow. But we must not forget that lime must be added to it. In the garden, peat is best added to composts, as well as soil mixtures for growing seedlings and protected ground.

Silt accumulates at the bottom of ponds, lakes, rivers. It contains a lot of humus, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. After a short ventilation, silt can be successfully used on sandy soil ah (3-4 kg per 1 m 2).

Faeces are sewage from latrines. They are rich in minerals that are easily absorbed by plants. However, the faeces in the pits quickly decompose, nitrogen quickly volatilizes from them. For better nitrogen retention at the bottom cesspool peat is poured with a layer of 20-25 cm. Then the feces are layered weekly with a small amount of peat. As a result, not only nitrogen is retained, but the fetid odor disappears. The situation with helminths is the same as in the case of pig manure. In some ways, people are still really similar to pigs ...

Deciduous and sod land . Not all summer residents are lucky - far from all summer cottages located where manure can get hold of all year round and free. But even this grief can be helped.

With a lack of manure, humus is prepared from the leaves - leafy soil. To do this, in the fall, the leaves are raked into heaps, compacted, sprinkled with earth and left for the winter. In the spring, the heaps are shifted with a pitchfork, changing the layers in places, and the heaps are covered with a black film on top. Over time, the leaves turn into a loose humus mass of dark color.

Soddy land is necessary as component soil mixture when growing seedlings, preparing soils for greenhouses and greenhouses. This land can be harvested in meadows with good herbage. Do not forget that on clay soils and sod land is heavier. Layers of turf (turf) are cut up to 10 cm thick and stacked in a clean, shady place (turf to turf, earth to earth), layered with mullein. In September, the stack is shoveled, and in October, part of the land can be used for growing vegetables in protected ground or in a residential area, having previously sifted it. The rest of the sod land should lie until spring.

Sawdust and tree bark. Sawdust is, like peat, an organic fertilizer that cannot be directly fed to plants, but it can significantly increase soil fertility, improve its air permeability and moisture capacity. Only they should be introduced in advance and not fresh, but rotted or mixed with other materials. To speed up the decomposition process, sawdust is piled up, moistened with water and slurry. You can mix them with fallen leaves and plant debris. It is useful to interlayer sawdust with earth. During the summer, the pile is shoveled twice, adding accumulated plant residues and nitrophoska. Due to the fact that the sawdust is acidic, lime or chalk is added to them (120-150 g per bucket).

Tree bark (waste from the woodworking industry) is also composted before use. The bark with a moisture content of 75% is crushed into pieces 10-40 cm long, piled up and mineral fertilizers are applied (kg per 100 kg): ammonium nitrate0.9, urea 0.7, sodium nitrate 2, superphosphate 0.2, ammonium sulfate 1.5. The pile is periodically stirred and moistened. After 6 months, the compost is ready for use. We agree that it was impossible to do without chemistry here, but chemical fertilizers are applied not directly under the plants, but indirectly through compost.

AT eggshell contains calcium carbonate, which is a good lime fertilizer. Just do not wait for the result by scattering over potato field eggshells. You'll have to fiddle with them a bit. egg shell it must be finely crushed or ground into powder, and even better, burned in an oven or at the stake. It is better to introduce the shell together with wood ash, which contains potassium-phosphorus fertilizers and trace elements.

The Best Fertilizers for Garden Vegetables: Helpful Tips

Bread sourdough for cucumbers

To get a rich harvest of cucumbers, you need to feed them regularly! Bread sourdough is perfect for this. It's easy to prepare!
FILL BUCKET 2/3 WITH CHOPPED CRUSTS OF BLACK BREAD, FILL WITH WATER and press down with something heavy. Otherwise, the crusts will float when the bread starts to turn sour. Place the bucket in warm place for a week. Then dilute the sourdough with 2 liters of water. And pour cucumbers under the root with this bread remedy.

Coniferous infusion will relieve aphids

To do this, pour 500 g of pine or spruce needles with 2 liters of water and let it brew in a dark place for a week. Before use, dilute with water (1: 7) and spray.

Tobacco against the Colorado potato beetle
I discovered this method of dealing with the Colorado potato beetle by accident. Somehow the youth had a rest at the dacha with shish kebabs and, of course, with cigarettes.
Knowing my negative attitude towards smoking, the guys took a small metal bucket, poured water into it and threw cigarette butts into it. In the evening I decided to collect Colorado beetles. Without hesitation, she took a bucket of cigarette butts and began to shake the beetles into it. Later I decided to see if the bugs had spread. But it turned out that they were all dead!
Can you imagine what a poison this tobacco is!

Onion peel from yellowing cucumber leaves

Have cucumbers suddenly started to turn yellow leaves? feed them onion infusion. To do this, in a metal bucket warm water(30gr.) add 1st. onion peel. Put the bucket on the fire, bring to a boil and let it brew for 2 hours. Then, from a watering can, pour infusion over the leaves of cucumbers.

Feed the onion with ammonia

The tips of the onion feathers turned pale, and the feather itself became yellowish! It lacks nitrogen. A solution of ammonia will help to fill it.

It is done like this: in 10 liters of water, dilute 3 tablespoons of ammonia. And in the evening, pour the onion with this solution under the spine.

Fertilizing plants: organic fertilizers (manure, bird droppings, green manure, nitrogen, natural minerals, peat, coal, ash), organic fertilizers from store shelves.

In order to live, plants need to eat. They get their nutrients from the soil. Certainly in garden soil already have a major source of nutrients. But it must be constantly replenished. This should be done primarily by introducing organic into the soil, and then mineral fertilizers.

organic fertilizers

Manure
This is a natural organic fertilizer. It would seem that what he can do to the soil? But the unreasonable introduction of manure into the soil is just as harmful as its shortage. An experienced gardener will never apply cheese manure to the soil, but will pass it through the compost. Cattle manure kept on straw bedding contains all the essential nutrients. It matches horse manure, but it is too calorific. Horse manure is good for early stuffing in greenhouses. As a fertilizer, it is used in the form of compost.

Bird droppings.
Litter poultry, especially chicken manure, is a very strong fertilizer. It contains more nitrogen than manure, it also contains phosphorus and potassium, but in much smaller quantities. Why, with such a supercomposition, you ask, is bird manure so inactively used. There are mainly two reasons. Firstly, bird manure has an extremely unpleasant odor, and secondly, it contains a large number of weed seeds and helminth eggs. In addition, fresh litter reacts too actively, which is why it can harm plants.

True, science has found a way. Today, the industry offers gardeners to use dry bird droppings. It is prepared by thermal drying at very high temperatures. The result is a granular fertilizer gray color. The unpleasant smell, however, remains, but it can no longer be compared with the original one. Nutrients in dry litter are preserved, but the seeds of weeds, eggs of worms and flies die. Dry manure should be diluted with water at the rate of 100 g per 10 liters of water, infused and used to feed plants during the growing season. It is even better to prepare compost by mixing dry manure and peat in a ratio of 1:2. If desired, you can add mineral fertilizers to such compost.

siderates.
A wonderful organic fertilizer is an herbal nutrient solution. How to cook it? Pick up herbs. It is best to start with nettles. Chop the grass, and then fold it into a plastic or wooden barrel and fill with water. During fermentation, the slurry will foam, so the barrel cannot be filled to the top. Herbal slurry must be stirred daily with a stick to release the accumulated oxygen. In sunny, warm summers, green fertilizer will ferment especially strongly. Often gardeners complain that herbal slurry emits a too strong, unpleasant odor. You can get rid of it if you add a few drops of valerian extract to the liquid. After about two weeks, the liquid will clear up. Fermentation is over, green manure can be applied.

Nettle slurry should not be used undiluted. It must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. Watering should be under the root. Nettle slurry feeds exhausted plantings of tomatoes, cabbage, celery, and cucumbers well. But for beans, peas and onions, this fertilizer is not suitable.

Nitrogen is from legumes.
Legumes have an excellent ability to enrich the soil with nitrogen. These plants "work" together with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Clover, vetch, lupine, and from vegetable crops- peas and beans are excellent nitrogen accumulators. Plants planted in beds where legumes grew in the previous year practically do not need additional top dressing. By the way, leguminous plants they also loosen the soil, because they root system extends deeply. The above-ground mass of legumes is also a good green fertilizer.

natural minerals.
Soil improvers can also be attributed to the group of natural mineral fertilizers, for example, stone flour. This is stone dust, a waste of quarries and stone processing industry. The composition of the flour depends on the processed rocks. The most valuable stone flour from granite and basalt, it serves as a source of trace elements and minerals, has the ability to retain a large amount of water, which is important for improving sandy soils. In general, any stone flour improves the structure of the soil, delays the removal of nutrients from it.

Binds nutrients especially well and improves cloddy soil structure calcium. It neutralizes excess acidity. At the same time, it must be borne in mind that the dose of calcium fertilizers cannot be overestimated, otherwise the reaction of the soil solution will turn out to be alkaline. Correcting an oversight will be difficult, and the alkali will damage the plants. Calcium is introduced gradually and directed. For example, on loams, stone dust containing calcium can only be applied once.

Peat- medicine for the garden. Usually peat is considered as a remedy for the garden. Its main merit is that it has the ability to absorb a lot of water and thus regulate soil moisture. It is also used to improve the structure of light sandy soils. But even on damp, clayey soils, peat can to a certain extent bind excess moisture. However, peat can acidify the soil, then dolomite flour or lime must be used to neutralize it. Peat contains almost no nutrients, so it must be enriched with mineral fertilizers, compost, stone flour.

Furnace fertilizer.
As you know, when burning firewood, branches, straw and other plant residues, stove ash is obtained. Phosphorus and potassium in the ashes are contained in a form readily available to plants. The value of ash is that there is almost no chlorine in it, but sulfur, iron, magnesium, boron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc are present. Wood and straw ash can be used on all soils, except for saline soils. It not only enriches the soil with nutrients, but also improves its physical properties, and in addition, reduces acidity. At the same time, more favorable conditions for the development of beneficial microflora, and as a result, productivity increases.

Ash must be buried in the soil to a depth of at least 8-10 cm, because, left on the surface, it contributes to the formation of a soil crust that is harmful to plants and microflora.

On loamy and clayey soils, ash should be applied under autumn digging, and on sandy and sandy loam - under the spring. To improve efficiency, ash is not used in its pure form, but together with peat or humus as an organomineral mixture (1 part of ash is mixed with 2-4 parts of wet peat or humus).

Mixing with superphosphate, phosphate rock and Thomas slag reduces the availability of phosphorus for plants. For the same reason, ash should not be applied with lime, nor should it be used on recently calcareous soils.

Organic fertilizers from store shelves.

"Reserve!"- liquid organo-mineral fertilizer intended for fertilizing and fertilizing vegetable, berry and fruit crops, flowers. Sold in white plastic bottles various capacities. The basis of the preparation is salts of humic acids; they are formed as a result of the decomposition of plant and animal residues, which perfectly increase soil fertility. In addition to organic components, the fertilizer contains macro- and microelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, zinc, etc.). To feed plants, 0.5 cups of fertilizer are diluted in 10 liters of water.

Biohumus "Vermix"- This is the humus obtained as a result of the processing of organic waste by the Californian red worm. The fertilizer is a free-flowing product of dark color, has a neutral reaction. Biohumus is rich in enzymes, soil antibiotics, plant growth hormones. Fertilizer can be applied both in dry form and in the form of infusion (1.8 kg of fertilizer is diluted in a bucket of water and infused for 1-2 days.

Compost "Reliable"- organic fertilizer, which is a loose mass, very similar to ordinary earth. It is used as a fertilizer and top dressing for horticultural, ornamental and indoor plants, as well as in the amount of seedling mixture.

The nutrients contained in the fertilizer easily penetrate the soil and quickly reach the plants. There are no weed seeds, helminth eggs in the compost. After adding the Reliable compost to the soil, fertilizing with biological additives is no longer required. Fertilizer can be used during continuous digging of the site in spring or autumn, but point application is much more effective when planting seedlings, bulbs, tubers, shrubs (100-200 g per well). For top dressing, 0.5 kg of compost should be placed in 10 liters of water and kept for 3 days. For each plant, use 0.5 liters of solution.

Supercompost "Pixa"- organic fertilizer with bioadditives. It is a free-flowing black product with a smell of earth. It has a slightly alkaline effect on the soil. It is most expedient to use when planting vegetables - add 10-15 g (1 tablespoon) to the wells. Landing berry crops in landing pits lay 0.2-0.3 kg (2-3 cups) of fertilizer. For fruit and berry bushes and trees of the norm above: 0.5-0.7 kg (liter jar).

"Bioud Pixa"- liquid organic fertilizer with a bioadditive - used for fertilization and fertilizing and for restoring soil fertility. Sold in plastic bottles. It is a marsh-colored liquid with the smell of manure. Fertilizer is produced by fermentation of organic matter (cattle manure) without air access. This allows the nutrients to be converted into a form available to plants. For top dressing, 0.5 l of fertilizer is diluted in 10 l of water.

Since ancient times, organic matter has been used to improve soil fertility. These fertilizers are still popular now: compost, green manure and manure are much cheaper than chemistry, and if you are in the garden, preferring "waste-free production", then they will be completely free.

fertilizers organic type, especially manure, contain almost all the nutrients necessary for the soil. Organic matter is rich in micro and macro elements, it improves the physical properties of the soil, thereby increasing the possibilities of aeration and the ability to absorb moisture.

In this article, we will look at several types of organic fertilizers, the features of their use and the impact on horticultural crops.

Manure

This is perhaps the most common and most commonly used organic type fertilizer. The quality of manure can vary, and depends on factors such as the type of animal, the timing and methods of storage, the feed used. Accordingly, horse, pig, sheep and cow manure are not the same in value. For example, manure from a cow or a pig is more saturated with moisture, and less nitrogen than the feces of horses or sheep.

People call sheep and horse manure hot because it quickly decomposes and at the same time releases heat in large quantities. In the first year, when such manure is introduced, its nutrients work to a greater extent than that of cattle manure. The percentage of manure use in the soil by type is as follows:

Sheep - 34%;
Horse - 20-25%;
Cow - 18%;
Pork - 10%.

Pig and cow dung are called cold manure because it decomposes slowly and heats up little.

The quality of manure (the degree of its decomposition) directly affects the structure of the soil and the accumulation of nitrogen in it. There are 4 degrees of decomposition:

Fresh manure, at a weak stage of decomposition, with a slight change in color and strength of the straw. When rinsing, the water becomes reddish or green in color.
Half-ripe - the straw loses its strength, becomes loose and acquires Brown color. Washing water turns yellow. Manure at this stage loses 15-30% of its original weight.
The rotted manure has the appearance of a black smeared mass. Straw at the last stage of decomposition. At this stage, weight loss relative to the original reaches 50%.
Humus is an earthy mass of loose consistency. Weight loss from the original - about 75%.

manure conservation

The higher the stage of manure decomposition, the more the content of useful active substances in it increases in percentage terms. Accordingly, humus is the richest in nutrients compared to other species, with slow decomposition, it gradually releases accumulated nitrogen to the soil.

The technology for preparing compost is as follows: pour a 5-6 cm layer of earth on a prepared flat area, then a 10-15 cm layer of manure. That is, the ratio should be as follows: 4-5 parts of manure per 1 part of the earth. For increase useful qualities add 1-2% superphosphate.

Thus, alternating the earth with manure in layers, a heap up to 1.5 m high is poured. The finished heap is covered with a layer of earth of 8-10 cm from above. After 1.5-2 months, mix the contents of the heap thoroughly. Thus, nitrogen will be perfectly preserved in the mass.

Mullein

Most often it is used for top dressing. Here is the method of its preparation: you should take a tub of large capacity and fill 1/3 of it with manure, then fill it to the top with water and mix thoroughly. After that, the tub is left for 1-2 weeks. At this time, the mullein roams, and substances useful for the soil are activated.

Before you make a solution of mullein in top dressing, it should be re-diluted with water 2-4 times. That is, a bucket of fermented mullein will have 3-4 buckets of water. The amount depends on the moisture content of the soil: the drier the soil in your area, the more water will be needed so that the beds, in addition to fertilizer, also receive additional moisture.

As the main fertilizer, manure is applied to the soil in spring, before planting vegetables. But much more often it is used for feeding. To do this, they give 2-3 kg of litter per bucket of water, and when it gets wet enough to freely diverge to a uniform mass, preventing fermentation.

It should be noted that the dry mass of bird droppings should be diluted with water 20 times, and fresh - 10 times. Fertilizer is not subject long-term storage. It should be applied immediately after production, since useful nitrogen will evaporate during the fermentation process, as will the amount of useful elements.

You can notice the lack of nitrogen for plant development in the spring and summer: young leaves on the shoots become pale green. In this case, adding about 1 liter of solution under, or dry litter for digging at the rate of 0.5 kg per 1 sq. M. will help you. soil.

Fertilizers of vegetable origin

These include sapropel, straw, sawdust and grass. Each of them benefits the soil, but requires care.

Sapropel is called pond or lake silt. It is the most natural natural, environmentally friendly organic substance. Sapropel is rich in lime (content from 3 to 50%), trace elements, available phosphates, natural antibiotics, hormones and growth stimulants.

The color of sapropel can be light gray, bluish, dark gray and even almost black, depending on the flora and fauna of the reservoir. Silt is able to increase the fertility of the soil on the site for several years. However, the light and grayish saporel is subject to pre-ventilation. That is, it should first be scattered over the site, and after some time it should be dug up for embedding in the soil, combining with other fertilizers.

In order to use straw as a fertilizer, it must first be crushed by adding slurry or mineral nitrogen, at the rate of 100 kg of straw / 1 kg of nitrogen and fertilizers. Straw is most effectively used by gardeners and gardeners in the manufacture of composts.

Sawdust is a hard-to-mineralize production waste.. When using them in their pure form, the calculation for applying the material is 20-30 kg per 100 sq.m. soil with the addition of slurry or liquid manure (from 40 to 60 kg per 100 sq.m.). Application and plowing are carried out in autumn period, after harvesting from the site.

It is much more efficient to use sawdust as bedding for, and then keep the manure in the pit for 4-6 months. Fully matured mass is applied in doses equivalent to the amount of bedding manure.

Fresh sawdust is poor in nutrient content, but their introduction into the soil will reduce water transpiration and prevent the formation of a crust. Sawdust is especially good for improving physical properties soil with great content clay. The earth acquires a loose consistency, which increases absorbency.

Sawdust should be enriched with nitrogen beforehand: a glass of urea is dissolved in a bucket hot water, and this mixture is added to 3 buckets of sawdust. AT spring period sawdust is scattered around the planted plants. This will help reduce weed growth.

Using grass for fertilizer

As you know, fertilizers on the market and in the store are not cheap, their harvesting from improvised means is a rather painstaking task. Not always the same manure or bird droppings is available to every gardener. It turns out that weed grass can easily be used to obtain fertilizer that is not inferior in quality to organic and mineral fertilizers.

In order to process grass into beneficial substance, do the following: take a large container with a volume of 200 liters, and place it in a sunny, well-lit place. Chop freshly cut weeds and fill the barrel with this mass by 2/3. In good, sunny weather, the contents of the container will begin to ferment after 10-12 days. This can be determined by the appearance of foam on the surface. Approximately 3 days after the start of fermentation, the solution can be used as a fertilizer.

Remove the grass from the container, wring it out thoroughly. Pour up to 8 liters of ash infusion into the resulting liquid (for 8 liters of boiling water, 10-15 cups of ash, carefully sifted). It is allowed to add carbamide (urea), about 15 tablespoons for the entire amount of infusion.

Stir the contents of the barrel before use and dilute it at the rate of 1 part solution to 10 parts. Ready-made fertilizer is great for top dressing fruit trees and berry bushes. Irrigation rates are:

1 fruit-bearing tree up to 10 years old - 2-3 buckets;
1 fruitful tree up to 15 years old - 3-4 buckets;
1 berry bush, depending on size and age - 1-2 buckets.

For more effective penetration of the solution into the soil, pour it into previously prepared punctures 40-50 cm deep in the trunk circles.

It is recommended to fertilize trees and bushes in non-hot time - in the evening or on cloudy days. The best period for this is June and July. During these two months, feed three times, 3-6 days in a row.

Video about the use of organic fertilizers in the garden and vegetable garden

As you can see, with due attention and diligence, you can independently provide your crop with sufficient top dressing. These are not all organic fertilizers recommended for use in the garden and in the beds. In the next article, we will tell you about the qualities of peat and how to make prefabricated composts. We wish you good harvest and easy work!

The most common types of organic fertilizer for the garden are manure and compost. But there are two dozen more less known, but no less useful options top dressing. From the article you will learn what sapropel is, what types of organics are, and what characteristics they have. And also learn about the importance of organic fertilizers for seedlings.

Groups of organic fertilizers

Apply organic top dressing in agriculture started in ancient times. Despite the modern dominance of drugs created by chemical means, the use of organic matter is very popular among farmers today. All types of natural substances can be divided into 4 groups:

organic fertilizers of animal origin;
plant origin;
complex, factory production;
composts

Despite the abundance of mineral fertilizers, organic ones do not lose their relevance.

Organics of animal origin. Manure

The most famous fertilizer of this group is manure. It can be not only cow, but also horse, goat, sheep, pig, etc. This is a great method to add minerals to almost the entire periodic table in the soil, but you need to know how to use it.

Manure for fertilizer is used only after 3-4 years it "settles" and pereperet

bird droppings

This is a storehouse of essential minerals and bacteriophages, with chicken and pigeon droppings being more saturated. Litter is able to disinfect the soil, destroying pathogens of plant diseases.

It is desirable to use in composition with other organic matter, for example, with compost or peat.
A ten-day tincture of litter is useful in the proportion of 1 part of litter to 20 liters. water.
The application rate of this fertilizer in dry form is 0.2 kg. on 1 m2 of land. Raw - 0.5 kg. per 1 m.2.

Granular bird droppings

Organics of vegetable origin. Peat

Advice. Be careful, peat not only loosens the soil well, but also acidifies it. Therefore, it is mixed with ash, lime or dolomite flour.

Peat happens:

riding. Consists of undecayed plants. Great for soil mulching;
lowland. 100% decomposed composition. It is used for mixing peat-mineral composts;
transitional, that is, it is found in nature between the first and second types of peat. Suitable for all kinds of organic mixtures, compatible with ash, manure, manure, etc.

Peat as a fertilizer is used with ash, lime or dolomite flour

Peat has interesting property, it reduces the amount of nitrates in fruits by 2 times and nullifies the effect of harmful chemical compounds located in the soil. Peat is poured into the soil in autumn, during digging, at the rate of 2-3 buckets per 1 m. 2 soils.

Sawdust

Use this fertilizer, however, like any other, you need to use it wisely. In no case should you mulch or fill the ground fresh sawdust. Instead of giving away minerals, they will pull them from the ground. You can use only old, rotted sawdust.

By themselves, they have almost no nitrogen, so they are used simultaneously with urea. Such fertilizer is applied in the fall at the rate of half a bucket per 1 m2.

Ash

Attention! It is possible to feed seedlings with black fertilizer only after the appearance of leaves on it. Otherwise, the growth of seedlings may slow down!

Ash contains potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and other trace elements. But there is no nitrogen. You need to know this, and use nitrogen-containing substances in parallel with ash. But not at the same time, because ammonia can be formed, which is harmful to plants.

Ash as a fertilizer is used in combination with nitrogen-containing additives

If all of the above fertilizers acidify the earth, then the ash alkalizes. This should also be taken into account when applying. By the way, it is better to pour ashes into the holes or directly on the ground with shallow loosening.

Plants - fertilizers

Green manures can be called the most organic fertilizers. These are plants that quickly give green mass, which is used to fertilize the soil. They help attract worms, improve soil composition, and reduce weeds.

Organic fertilizer can be made from freshly cut grass

To green fertilizers include rye, oats, mustard, peas and other types of cereals and legumes.

There are 2 ways to use green manure:

Cut off the above-ground part (preferably at the stage of bud formation) and evenly bury in the ground.
Cut off the above-ground part in the same period and mulch the soil with it.

In both cases, the roots remain in the ground to loosen it and saturate it with microelements.

Sapropel - useful sludge

Millions of microorganisms that clean stagnant water create layers of silt, or sapropel. This substance contains growth stimulants, hormones, vitamins and other substances. It can work in the soil up to 8 years. You can only collect sapropel in reservoirs where fish live, and where there are no industrial complexes nearby.

Sapropel is bottom sediments from stagnant water bodies

OS of industrial production

These are organic fertilizers produced on an industrial scale. These include such useful drugs as Baikal EM-1, Biomaster, Gumi.

Compost

Only the lazy don't know about compost pits, in which sawdust, egg shells, potato peelings, weeds, etc. rot. This is one of the most common and effective op amps. According to the method and amount of application to the soil, compost coincides with manure.

Compost can be made from plants. To do this, fallen leaves, tops and weeds are laid in a pit or in a special container along with earth and manure and tightly wrapped.

Compost is the most common organic fertilizer

After six months - a year, the fertilizer is ready for use.

Attention! Before entering into the ground, you need to check if the bear has started in the compost.

The effect of organic fertilizers on seedlings

In order to feed the seedlings, both manure and litter and compost in small doses are suitable. Fertilization under seedlings when transplanting into the garden contributes to their enhanced growth, protection from weeds and pests, and meeting the needs for microelements. For seedlings, industrial production DUs will also be indispensable.

In the spring, when nature awakens, summer residents begin to become more active, because for them it is a hot time. In order to get a rich harvest in the fall, you should in early spring prepare under, including choosing the right and observing the right dosages.

It is important to consider the needs to be landed on And if for experienced gardeners such a process is not difficult, then for beginners in this business it can be difficult to choose the right effective

There are also disadvantages to this. In particular, an imbalance of nutrients is possible. Also in this form of feeding there can be seeds, and even organics can sometimes cause and be a kind of magnet for toxins. Nevertheless, organic fertilizers do not lose their popularity, since the benefits from them are much greater than the harm.

When choosing organics, it is highly recommended to use. Any gardener can prepare it. For this, on a plot of 10 sq. m. straw should be scattered, the layer thickness should be about 15 cm. A layer 20 cm thick is laid out on top, and at the end - a 20 cm layer.

You can sprinkle all this with lime and phosphate rock, at the rate of 55–60 g of the mixture per 1 sq. m. From above you need to lay out a layer again and cover all layers with a thin ball. After 7-8 months, an effective organic fertilizer will be ready for use.