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§ 18. Economic culture

Essence and functions

Economic culture is an integral and essential part of the general culture. civilized man - is a person with

developed economic culture. Different scholars define its essence in different ways. However, all these definitions boil down to the fact that economic culture can be considered, like political culture, in the narrow and broad senses of the word.

economic culture in broad sense words - it is a set of material and spiritual means created by society production activities: cars, buildings, cities, roads, etc.; economic knowledge, skills, ways and forms of communication between people, economic intelligence.

economic culture in the narrow sense of the word- this is a typical way of economic thinking and activities of the people, groups, individuals. With its help, people adapt to specific socio-economic conditions.

of its existence. The economic culture also includes a set of economic interests, values, norms, rules, skills, which are the regulators of economic behavior. In other words, economic culture consists of behavioral stereotypes and economic knowledge.

Figuratively speaking, economic culture is the tool, the "language" with which people can communicate with each other in the process of economic activity and behavior and, accordingly, understand the essence of economic phenomena and processes taking place in a given society and throughout the world.

Each economic era is characterized by its own level and type of economic culture of the population. At the same time, of course, different groups of the population have significantly various levels economic culture. Thus, economists have theoretical economic consciousness. Government officials, directors, managers, entrepreneurs must have culture of practical economic thinking.

And for the mass consciousness in economic culture, production and consumer motivations are primarily important.

Modern economic culture largely coincides with the civilization, sociality of society. In it, the main role is

takes into account the interests of individuals and groups of people. The traditional "idols" of economic development (profit, quantitative growth) are being replaced by more human goals.

Today's type of market and, moreover, socially oriented economy is already assessed from other positions - as more "concerned", "understanding", "reasonable", "expedient", "useful", more and more corresponding to the interests of each person. Now the foundations are being laid new economic culture: creating conditions in society that provide the necessary social orientations for the behavior of business entities in general and separately - the behavior of decision makers; maintaining mobile system information and communications; improvement of advertising; organization of the activities of economic and financial institutions (stock exchanges, banks, insurance companies, audit services), etc.

All this should lead to the creation of an information and computer society, in which the diversity of people's needs, the differentiation of their interests is the key to the development of the entire society, the condition for its improvement. The features of such a society will be the multivariate choice of economic decisions based on the satisfaction of a plurality of interests, motives of various subjects of economic activity, as well as taking into account many factors and objective conditions: economic, social, economic-psychological, technical.

Economic culture performs several functions: cognitive, applied, educational etc. New economic knowledge stimulates a critical reassessment of old knowledge and

knowledge of trends in the development of society in the future. As for the applied function of economic culture, the activity of subjects economic relations largely depends not only on the level of their economic knowledge, but also from the ability to apply them in practice, i.e. from economic consciousness of people.

Economically cultural personality

It is important to be economically cultured today for every person, regardless of whether he works for state enterprise whether busy own business or doesn't work at all. Let's think about what makes economically culturally developed person? Apparently, first of all, the presence critical economic thinking.

The basis of the critical economic thinking of the individual is an understanding of the essence of economic laws, economic processes and phenomena both within the economic system of their country and between various types economic systems of other states.

Critical economic thinking is not only the result of mastering the course of economics and other academic disciplines. It is also formed in the family, in the immediate social environment as a system of views and ideas, for example, regarding how it is necessary to plan and conduct family budget how best to spend money, what economic priorities exist, how you can earn a living, what you need to produce in the first place.

A person always faces specific life, including economic, situations and problems. He needs to strive for a clear statement of the issue, versatile awareness, a holistic consideration of the situation: identifying alternatives; to a consistent, sequential consideration of the parts of a complex whole; analysis specific situations, actions and deeds of the opponent and competitor, etc.

Economic culture is manifested in the ability to realize their individual abilities in each given specific situation.BUT for this it is necessary to constantly replenish their economic knowledge, find strength, if necessary, change their ideas, areas of activity and even economic interests.

One of the complexes of the economic culture of the individual are certain economic skills, abilities, experience.

economic skills called such actions of the individual, which, as a result of frequent repetitions, are performed quickly, accurately, automatically.

In economic activity, useful skills can be

include computer work, calculations, analysis economic activity, developing a business plan, calculating the rate and mass of profit, determining the amount of taxes, drawing up a home budget, etc.

Certain skills are required for business communication, self-selection the object of labor, planning and organizing their work, buying and selling products, setting prices, creating and popularizing advertising, etc.

The ability of a person to perform a certain economic activity or certain economic actions based on economic skills is called economic skill. For example, even a seller at the Minsk Komarovsky market, not to mention a designer, manager, etc., needs to be able to organize his workplace, your working day, determine the sequence of the upcoming work, take risks, behave thoughtfully at the auction, etc.

Repeating a certain level of economic skills and abilities is nothing but experience. You can often hear such words: an experienced economist, an experienced entrepreneur, an experienced manager, an experienced consultant, etc. Experience is gained as a result of practical activities.

This means that economic culture is manifested in the presence of functional economic literacy in a person, in knowledge of the basics of economic life not only of a family, enterprise (firm), but of the whole society as a whole.

Economic culture allows you to form such a quality of personality as economic motives of activity.

Motives are the urges of a person to a certain activity. Economic motives determine the direction of a person’s thoughts, his actions, lines of behavior, etc.

In any case, the individual is personally responsible for his own economic behavior.

To answer the question of why a person in a given situation acts in this way, one must know the motives that prompt him to such actions.

Economic motives can be personal and socially significant. Personal motives directly related to human needs. Conscious needs become the leading motive for the behavior of the individual. Awareness of rational needs is impossible without the economic culture of the subject.

The best option is unity, coincidence of personal and public interests. If this takes place in a given society, then the level of economic culture is considered to be the highest.

Creativity is one of the main components of economic culture. creative thinking person faster and deeper

acquires economic knowledge. On the other hand, such an employee is able to more quickly and efficiently find ways out of constantly emerging difficult economic situations.

Creativity as essential component economic culture accompanies the work of a person of any profession. Creative activity can be manifested in the analysis of ways to improve working conditions and sales markets, new forms of organization and remuneration; in the improvement of the means of labor; in economic analysis labor results, etc.

The economic culture of any business entity should include humanistic origin. This is especially important in the field of entrepreneurship.

Culture of civilized entrepreneurship

Civilized production and entrepreneurship are moral only when they lead to the improvement of living conditions and to the self-disclosure of the talents and desires of each person.

Ideally, the economic principle of civilized entrepreneurial activity is service to man.

Entrepreneur- creator in the economy, and therefore- in the history of the country. Therefore, all the components of economic culture, as just mentioned, should be inherent in it in the first place. In addition, a modern entrepreneur needs other qualities:

ability to make economic choices- what needs to be produced in the first place and how much, so that the goods, services find their consumer, the ability to use resources efficiently, so that the produced goods are not only competitive, but also accessible to the consumer;

economic activity, which is expressed in individual independence in the decision-making process, in the organization of production, in personal responsibility for the results of their activities.

Along with civilized entrepreneurship in almost any country in one form or another, there is also the so-called "shadow economy. It has created a kind of distorted market.

Here, although entrepreneurialism is combined with the ability to establish contacts with potential counterparties and the skills to collect and use local economic and scientific and technical information (mainly through the dating system and random channels), clearly negative aspects of the economy still prevail: lack of guarantees of a business obligation; aggressiveness, rudeness and pressure on a colleague or partner, which are aggravated as a result of the desire for financial success and profit; legal nihilism leading to criminogenic situations, etc.

In a civilized market, relations between partners must be civilized, that is, mutually beneficial and safe.

Conclusions./. Economic culture is integral part general culture. A civilized society without it is unthinkable. 2. Economic culture is such a "language" with which people can communicate with each other in the process of economic activity and behavior. 3. Each economic epoch has its own level and type of people's economic culture. 4. Economically cultural personality- this is a person who has modern economic knowledge, skills, experience, helping him to navigate well in the existing socio-economic relations and avoid mistakes, wrong economic actions.

Dictionary

"Shadow economy- an economy carried out for the purpose of profit outside the officially existing rules, norms and conditions for doing business.

Economic culture in the narrow sense of the word- a set of economic knowledge, skills, intelligence, ways and forms of communication between people in the process of their socio-economic actions and relationships.

Economically culturally developed personality- a person with a system of knowledge, skills and abilities that allows them to successfully operate in production economic sphere.

economic consciousness- a way for a person to reflect economic relations, a form of knowledge and meaningful use of the laws of economics.

A 1. What is economic culture?

2. What does it mean to be an economically cultured person?

3. What is the difference between civilized and "shadow" economies in terms of

culture?

WORKSHOP

THINK

Test your economic knowledge. What is the name of:

• The house where money lives and works.
• An institution that sells goods in bulk.
• A security, a document indicating that the share of the capital and part of the profits of the company belong to you.
• A legally permitted medium of exchange that has the property of being exchanged for any commodity.
• Part total amount net profit of a joint stock company, distributed among the shareholders in proportion to the number of shares they have.
• The price at which the share is sold.
• The amount of money that a bank lends to a customer for a specific period of time.
• Monetary expression of the value of goods, depending on the ratio of supply and demand.
• The amount of money that the subject has lent to the bank.

10. A product that is an object of sale (teacher G. Venis)?

WE LISTEN

The higher the culture, the higher the value of labor.

V. Rosher

Time is money. B. Franklin

What matters is not the place we occupy, but the direction in which we are moving.

L. N. Tolstoy

Ponomarev LN et al. Economic culture (essence, direction of development). M., 1987.

Mishatkina T.V., Borozdina G.V. Culture of business communication: Proc. allowance / Under the total. ed. T. V. Mishatkina. Mn., 1997.

Volkova A.A.

MOU secondary school No. 7, town of Talinka

Lesson of social science in the 10th grade.

Teacher Volkova A. A,

KMOU secondary school No. 7, town of Talinka.

Topic: Economic culture.

learning goal :

To form an idea of ​​the essence and structure of economic culture;

Development goal :

Formation of skills: give a detailed answer; analyze, draw conclusions, determine and explain their attitude to the situation; arguedly express their point of view; explain concepts.

educational goal :

Raising respect for the opinions of others, the ability to listen; fostering a responsible attitude to activities and their results. upbringing moral qualities business man.

Lesson type: a lesson in the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities.

Equipment: TSO, handout.

Teaching methods : verbal, visual, practical,partially search.

Forms of organization cognitive activity : individual, frontal, group, collective.

During the classes:

I. Organizational moment (1 min.).

II. Checking homework (7 min.).

III. Preparing students for active perception of new material (2 min.).

IV. Assimilation of new material (20 min.).

V. Primary consolidation of the studied material (4 min.).

VI. Control and testing of knowledge (6 min.).

VII. Information on homework(1 minute.).

VIII. Summing up the lesson (1 min).

I . Organizing time.

Greeting students, checking their presence and readiness for the lesson

Z Tasks:

1. Provide contact with the class.

2. Set up students for productive work.

3. Create a working atmosphere.

II. Checking homework.

A task:

Quickly check the student's preparation for homework.

1.Individual work at the board.

The task:

1. Draw up a diagram of "Economic culture".

2. Define the concepts: motives, values. Give examples.

3. Determine the missing link in the teacher's scheme (slide No. 4).

2. Frontal survey.

1. Define economic relations (relations of property, production, distribution, exchange, consumption);(Slide #2)

2. Determine economic interests (the desire of a person to receive the benefits he needs to ensure life).(Slide #3)

3. Determine the structural elements of economic culture;(Slide number 4)

3. Checking the individual task . (Slide number 4)

III . Preparing students for learning new material

A task:

Arouse interest in the material studied in the lesson.

Teacher: Do you think that all people will have the same economic interests?

What do you think is necessary to harmonize people's interests?

One of essential elements economic cultures are economicnorms regulating the behavior and economic activity of people.

This will be discussed in the lesson.

IV . Assimilation of new material.

1. Work in groups (5 min.), discussion (3 min.).

2. Analysis of the proposed situations (7 min.).

Tasks:

1. To acquire knowledge of the key issues of the topic of the lesson.

2. Arouse the interested attitude of students to work in order to achieve the goal.

Topic study plan: (Slide number 5)

I. Business ethics.

II. Economic freedom and social responsibility.

Business ethics.

Group work. (3 groups).

Exercise 1.

Since an important role in economic life in a market economy is played by entrepreneurial activity you will complete the task: "Ethics of a business person."

Task discussion.

Teacher: Nowadays, a normal businessman adheres to certain ethical rules when conducting his business. These rules are:(Slide number 6)

1. An entrepreneur firmly believes that his activities are needed not only by him, but also by society as a whole and its individual representatives in particular.

2. A businessman believes in the people around him. He believes that they are willing and able to work in general, and with him in particular.

3. He treats business as creativity, believes in it, puts his soul into it.

4. The entrepreneur clearly understands the importance of cooperation, but also recognizes the need for competition.

5. The entrepreneur honors the laws, respects any form of ownership. He especially appreciates professionals in their field, highly appreciates education and science.

Teacher: Formulate a conclusion for the task.(Slide number 7)

The above ethical principles of a businessman can be applied or improved absolutely for any area of ​​his activity.

Task 2.

We discussed with you the "Rules of Business Ethics", and now let's try to apply them in the proposed situations. (Discussion in groups)

1. An entrepreneur periodically meets his old acquaintance who works in a competing company and has a lot of developments behind him. An acquaintance wants to open a branch at his company, which he will manage.

The management of the company believes that managerial position will take a lot of strength from a valuable shot and distract from the development of new projects. The entrepreneur has long dreamed of "dragging" an old acquaintance to his company. tucked up opportunity. How to proceed?(Slide number 8)

2. The head of a pharmaceutical company believed that 1 produces a product that is beneficial to health. But after reading the latest scientific research, found out that a new generation of sedative pills, which brings a significant income, negatively affects the psyche of patients. What should he do?(Slide number 9).

3. The firm has improved one of its products through research. The improvement turned out to be very insignificant, that is, the product was not “new” for the consumer, but such a statement is persistently heard on the packaging and in the advertising of the product. The entrepreneur is confident that the "novelty" will bring a hefty profit. How should he be?(Slide number 10).

4. The entrepreneur knows that a competitive, strong firm has opened a vacancy for the head of a department. His ex-wife, with whom he has maintained a warm relationship, passes the competition and receives this position: The entrepreneur has a rare opportunity to learn about new products from a competing company first-hand. What should he do?(Slide number 11)

5. The entrepreneur has a network of dealers. One of the company's most successful salespeople had family problems - his sales levels dropped significantly. When it normalizes family life- it is not clear, but so far the company is losing a large number of sales. The entrepreneur has a legal opportunity to cancel the trading privilege issued to this dealer and replace it. Howeshould I do?(Slide number 12)

6. The head of the marketing department suggests that the entrepreneur conduct a sociological survey among consumers of the product of a competing company in order to find out reviews about the competitor's product. In order not to "light up" he proposes to conduct this interview under the name of the non-existent harmless "Institute for Marketing Research". How to proceed?(Slide number 13)

Teacher: What conclusion can be drawn about the compliance of the entrepreneur's activities with the rules of ethics.

Output: business, competition and morality do not contradict each other.

II . Economic freedom and social responsibility

“Doing business on the basis of pure profit is an extremely risky enterprise ... The task of the entrepreneur is to produce for consumption, and not for profit and speculation ... It is worthwhile to realize to the people that the manufacturer does not serve him and his end is not far off.”

G. Ford, American automaker. (Slide number 14)

Teacher : Honest to be beneficial?

A businessman, as we found out, needs such qualities as independence, prudence, efficiency, responsibility, honesty.

Conversation on: (Slide number 15)

What is economic freedom?

What is responsibility? Social responsibility?

How are they related:

Economics and law;

Economy and ecology

Economy and social and political stability

V . Consolidation of what has been learned.

A task:

consolidation of concepts: economic culture, business ethics, economic freedom, social responsibility.

Teacher : define concepts(Slide number 16)

The system of values ​​and motives for economic activity,

The level and quality of economic knowledge,

The content of traditions and norms governing economic relations

(economic culture).

Norms and rules of conduct in business activities

(business ethics)

– independent adoption of economic decisions, types of economic activity, forms of ownership, goods, forms of consumption ....

(economic freedom)

– social and moral-legal attitude of the individual

Fulfillment of moral duty and legal norms.

(Social responsibility)

VI . Control and correction of knowledge.

Test work. Self control.

A task:

Check the level of assimilation of the material.

Test. (Slide 17)

Insert missing words:

A. The economic culture of society is a system ... .

B. The norms and rules of human behavior in economic activity reveals ....

Economic relations include

A. Exchange.

B. Consumption.

B. Production.

D. Distribution

D. All of the above.

Do you agree that the economic freedom of the individual is inseparable from social responsibility. Explain.

Self control: 1.A. values; B. Ethics,(Slide number 18)

2.D;

3.Yes. Economic freedom without social responsibility leads to violation of the law, exacerbation of the environmental problem, production of low-quality goods (there may be other options).

VII . Information about homework.

Homework§ 13, questions and assignments afterparagraph.

A task:

advise students on homework.

VIII . Summing up the lesson.

A task:

evaluate student performance.

The topic of the social studies lesson in grade 10:

The purpose of the lesson:

1. Formation of ideas about the essence and structure of economic culture, its impact on the goals and results of economic activity.

2. Implementation of the regional target program "Quality", aimed at improving the quality of life of the population as the basis of social stability.

3. Promoting development cognitive activity students, the ability to identify their needs, determine the quality of goods and use the information received in the lesson in practical activities.

4. Instilling a consumer culture, a conscious attitude to actions in the consumer sphere.

Basic concepts:economic culture, economic orientation of the individual, economic freedom, rational consumer

Preliminary preparation : being harvested individual forms for participants: Form No. 1 - “Family Income Items” and Form No. 2 - “Family Expenditure Items”

During the classes

Introductory speech of the teacher:

That is, the first enemy of money is ourselves, if our desires are ahead of our capabilities. In pursuit of financial well-being, we try to earn as much as possible more money, and then we find that the more money, the more desires.

In order to successfully accomplish this task, we need to understand

First, what is economic culture and how does it affect the economic activity of people,

Secondly, who is a rational consumer. Each of you can test the degree of your prudence in the consumer sphere by answering the questions of the test “Are you a rational consumer?”

So, what is culture?There are many definitions - there are more than 140 of them. Here are some of them:

(from the proposed definitions, students choose those that fit into the context of economic culture)

It is a collection of spiritual and material assets created by mankind in the process of life;

These are the actions and deeds of a person in which his conscious attitude to the world around him, his understanding of good and evil, justice and injustice;

It's all holistic human activity in natural environment, its results available for perception by other people.

economic culture- this is a system of values ​​and motives of economic activity, the level and quality of economic knowledge, assessments and actions of a person, as well as the content of traditions and norms that regulate economic relations and behavior.

Analysis of the definition and materials of the textbook allows us to highlightstructural elements of economic culture. You can invite students to complete the complicated task of the Unified State Examination of Part B - fill in the missing elements in the diagram (offer a layout of the diagram, and enter all the data yourself):

Students can suggest various options, teacher, correcting them? proposes the following scheme for writing:

What is the economic culture of society?

What does a person with a high economic culture know and be able to do?

How to assess the level of economic culture?

I suggest that you evaluate the level of your economic knowledge by completing the task of the Unified State Examination B3: Match names of state programs with their goals:
The name of the program	Goals and objectives of the program
Pension reform of the Russian Federation Regional target program "Quality" Programs to improve the level and quality of life of the population of the Russian Federation	A. Raising the standard of living of the older generation and guaranteeing financial stability state pension system. B. Formation of a new quality of life corresponding to the goals of the social market economy IN. Identification of high-quality goods and services, and promotion of their promotion on consumer market; protection of the population of the region from low-quality products harmful to environment and people's health

Answer: AVB

2. Nowadays, they flourish in the Kuban various industries economies that affect both consumer demand and the activity of entrepreneurs.

Question for students:Who turned out to be in more advantageous conditions in the Kuban - consumers or producers?(based on the answers to the question, the class is divided into two groups)

I offer groups - consumers and producers - listening to brief information about the development of the economy in the Kuban, try to solve the problem (teams receive cards with a task-problem):

Card number 1 (For consumers)

How to rationally conduct a household, taking into account the peculiarities of the Kuban economy?

Card number 2 (For entrepreneurs)

What branch of the Kuban economy is more profitable to choose for your business?

short info

about the main sectors of the economy Krasnodar Territory:

The development of the economy, and, consequently, the characteristics of consumption and production, largely depend on natural factors.

The leading branch of the economy in our region is Agriculture, which employs almost a quarter of all working people in the region. More than 100 various kinds crops. The vast majority Russian production grapes, tea, citrus is concentrated in the Kuban. Poultry farming and beekeeping are successfully developing.

Features of agriculture are inextricably linked with the development of the Kuban industry. The processing industry of the region is based on agricultural raw materials, creating an agro-industrial complex in unity with agricultural enterprises. More than 1,000 processing enterprises produce more than 2,000 items in the Kuban food products, of which more than 700 meet European standards.

Like agriculture, the industry of the Krasnodar Territory is constantly being modernized. In production, new Hi-tech, which allows us to produce more quality products without harming the environment.

Kuban is known for its resorts and health resorts - Sochi, Gelendzhik, Anapa, Goryachiy Klyuch and others. Unique sea and mountain resorts, healing springs make the Kuban a place where millions of vacationers flock from all over Russia.

Teams are given 3-4 minutes to complete the task, it is proposed to choose a captain who will give an answer with explanations to the tasks, the time for performance is 1.5 minutes

Possible consumer conclusions:

IN household it is more profitable to use the goods of Kuban producers, because prices do not increase due to the cost of transporting goods, and the quality is usually higher than that of foreign manufacturers or manufacturers from other regions.

Due to the nature of the soil and climatic conditions part of the products (fruits, vegetables) can be grown in their own subsidiary farm.

Possible conclusions of entrepreneurs:

Students announce their chosen industry (farming, processing, or resort business), which is related to the climate (or geographical location) Krasnodar Territory.

In general, it can be argued that the economy of the Krasnodar Territory has a huge potential, having the necessary natural and human resources for further successful development. It is only necessary to take a reasonable and balanced approach to managing the economy, to use advanced domestic and foreign experience.

A rational consumer knows his rights well. Are you a rational consumer?

The concept of "prudence" is close to the concept of "rationality". Agree that the prudence shown when buying goods can save you from thoughtless waste and many problems in the future.

Test "Are you a rational consumer?" and results

1. 1. Do you often lose your temper over little things?
2. 2. Are you afraid to anger a person who is physically stronger than you?
3. 3. Do you start talking loudly so that your classmates pay attention to you?
4. 4. Do you like to slide down the railing?
5. 5. Do you enjoy taking medicine when you are sick?
6. 6. Will you do anything to achieve your goal?
7. 7. Do you like big dogs?
8. 8. Are you sure that someday you will become a celebrity like your idol?
9. 9. Do you know when to stop when you feel like you are losing?
10. 10. Are you used to eating a lot, even if you are not hungry?
11. 11. Do you want to know in advance what will be presented to you for the holiday?
12. 12. Do you like to sit for hours under the sun or moonlight?

Count the points: YES - 0 points, NO - 1 point

More than 8 points:

You should consider yourself as the embodiment of life wisdom, reasonableness and self-confidence, which, however, prevents you from quickly navigating in life situations and can lead to severe delusions of grandeur

From 4 to 8 points:

You are a person of the “golden mean”, who has a developed sense of proportion and realistically assesses his capabilities. True, your sense of proportion is so developed that it is not easy for you to feel immensely happy.

Less than 4 points:

Apparently, you are a reckless subject who is always short of everything. Because of your apparent dissatisfaction, you often feel unhappy, and, really, it would be useful for you to enjoy life in small things.

Based on the test results, we need to determine who is a rational consumer. Rational consumer behavior in the market of goods and services involves a certain sequence of actions:

Pupils are invited to fill out Form No. 1 "Family Income"

Conditions: 1. The total family income cannot exceed 60 thousand rubles per month.

2.calculations are made only in rubles.

Form No. 1 "Family income" Full name of the participant _________________________________________________ Number of family members _________ Who is in the family Occupation The amount (in rubles) that contributes to the family budget % of total income Total consumption 100%

After filling out forms No. 2, participants compare income and expenses.

The winners are those participants who have listed all the necessary expenses (including food, taxes and utility bills), no budget deficit, and have savings.

If there is time, you can arrange for the correction of form No. 2 (adjustment of form No. 1 is prohibited!).

Teacher's word:

The ability of the consumer to satisfy his needs for goods and services as much as possible depends not only on the amount of income, but also on their rational use. Try to plan your purchases. This will allow you to better understand your needs and eliminate what you can do without. this moment get by.

Thus, today in the lesson we have defined what an economically cultural entrepreneur is - a competent, enterprising, active person; and who is an economically cultured consumer - this is a prudent buyer who spends every ruble he earns in a balanced way. (Students may draw their own conclusions.)

Wish you financial well-being and prosperity.

Homework:

1) Textbook materials

2) Write a social science essay based on the statement of E. Servus, a Russian writer:

“A person with many virtues will add two more to them if he is able to earn and spend a lot of money wisely”

Introduction

There can be many criteria, or grounds, for the typology of cultures, for example: connection with religion; regional affiliation of culture; to belong to historical type society; sphere of society or type of activity; connection with the territory, etc.

When it comes to economic and political culture, experts call them either varieties of the culture of the society, or spheres of the culture of the society.

There are various branches, types, types and forms of culture. But there are cultures that do not belong to any of the above items. It is spiritual and material culture. They cannot be attributed either to branches or to forms, types or types of culture, since these phenomena combine all four classification features to varying degrees. It is more correct to consider spiritual and material culture as combined formations standing apart from the general conceptual scheme.

economic culture

Essence and functions

Economic culture includes a culture of production, a culture of distribution, a culture of exchange, a culture of consumption, a culture of management, a culture of work.

Economic culture is an integral and important part of the general culture. A civilized person is, first of all, a person with a highly developed economic culture. All scholars define the essence of economic culture in different ways. But all these definitions come down to one unanimous opinion that economic culture can be considered both in the narrow and in the broad sense of the word.

IN broad sense of the wordeconomic culture - it is a system of material and spiritual means created by society in the course of production activities: cities, buildings, cars, roads, etc.; skills, abilities, economic knowledge and skills, ways and forms of communication between people, economic reason.

In the narrow sense of the wordeconomic culture - this is the same type of economic thinking and activity of a group, people, individuals. With its help, people get used to certain socio-economic conditions of their existence. The economic culture also includes a set of economic values, interests, skills, rules, norms and skills that regulate economic behavior. In other words, economic culture consists of behavioral stereotypes and economic knowledge.

An enterprise that produces defective products is considered an enterprise with a low production culture. When the interests of the consumer in society are ignored, when the buyer cannot return or exchange low-quality goods in the store, or when sellers are rude, they speak of a low culture of consumption. Simply put, economic culture is a kind of tool, a "language" with which people communicate with each other in the process of economic activity.

Each economic era is unique in its level and type of economic culture of the population. Moreover, it is natural to note that various groups of the population have significant differences in levels of economic culture. So, for example, scientists economists have a theoretical economic consciousness. Government officials, managers, directors, entrepreneurs have a culture of practical economic thinking.

IN modern world economic culture increasingly coincides with the social and civilized society. In it, the leading role is given to taking into account the interests of not only individual, but also group ones. The traditional "ideals" in economic development (quantitative growth, profit) are being replaced by more "human" goals.

Today, the type of a socially oriented and also an economy is assessed from a more different angle - as “puzzled”, “understanding”, “useful”, “expedient”, “reasonable”, more and more similar to the interests of each person. Now the foundations of a new economic culture are being laid, namely: the creation of social conditions that will provide the necessary social orientations for the behavior of business entities in general and separately - the behavior of persons who make decisions; maintaining a mobile communication and information system; improving the level of advertising; organization of the activities of economic and financial institutions (banks, banks, stock exchanges, audit services, insurance companies), etc.

Everything that is happening now should lead to the creation of an information and computer society in which the diverse needs of people, the difference in their interests is the key to the development and success of the entire society, the condition for its improvement. A feature of such a society will be many options for choosing economic decisions based on satisfying the diversity of interests, motives of various economic entities, as well as taking into account the diversity of factors and conditions: social, economic, economic-psychological and technical.

The main functions that economic culture performs:

• v cognitive
• v applied
• v educational, etc.

New knowledge in the economic sphere stimulates a reassessment of the old level of knowledge and an awareness of the trends towards the development of society and the prospect of this development. Concerning application function, then the activity of participants in economic relations depends not only on the level of their economic knowledge, but also from the ability to apply them practically, that is, from economic consciousness of people.

20. Economic culture. Godbaz10, §14.

20.1. Economic culture: essence and structure.

20.2. Economic relations and interests.

20.3. Economic freedom and responsibility.

20.4. The concept of sustainable development.

20.5. Economic culture and activity.

20.1 . Economic culture: essence and structure.

Cultural development involves the selection of a cultural standard (sample) and consists in following it as much as possible. These standards are in the field of politics, economics, public relations etc. It depends on a person whether he chooses the path of development in accordance with the cultural standard of his era or simply adapts to life circumstances.

Economic culture of society- this is a system of values ​​and motives of economic activity, the level and quality of economic knowledge, assessments and actions of a person, as well as the content of traditions and norms that regulate economic relations and behavior.

Economic culture of personality there is an organic unity of consciousness and practical activity.

The economic culture of the individual can correspond to the economic culture of the society, get ahead of it, but it can also lag behind it, hinder its development.

Structure of economic culture:

1) knowledge (a set of economic ideas about production, exchange, distribution and consumption wealth) and practical skills;

2) economic thinking (allows you to know the essence of economic phenomena and processes, operate with learned economic concepts, analyze specific economic situations);

3) economic orientation (needs, interests, motives of human activity in the economic sphere);

4) ways of organizing activities;

5) the norms governing relations and human behavior in it (thrift, discipline, wastefulness, mismanagement, greed, fraud).

20.2 . Economic relations and interests.

Not only the development of production, but also the social balance in society, its stability depends on the nature of economic relations between people (relationships of property, exchange of activities and distribution of goods and services). The economic interests of people act as a reflection of their economic relations. Thus, the economic interests of entrepreneurs (getting the maximum profit) and the hired worker (selling their labor services more expensively and getting a higher salary) are determined by their place in the system of economic relations.

Economic interest- this is the desire of a person to receive the benefits necessary for him to provide for his life and family.

The main content of the economic life of society is the interaction of the economic interests of people. From here important task- develop ways optimal combination their interests, their harmonization. History shows us two levers of influence on people in order to achieve greater productivity - violence and economic interest.

One of the ways of economic cooperation of people, the main means of struggle against human egoism has become the mechanism of the market economy. This mechanism made it possible for humanity to put its own desire for profit into a framework that allows people to constantly cooperate with each other on mutually beneficial terms (Adam Smith on the "invisible hand" of the market).

In search of ways to harmonize the economic interests of the individual and society, various ways impact on people's minds philosophical teachings, morality, art, religion. This led to the creation of a special element of the economy - business ethics, the observance of which facilitates the conduct of business, the cooperation of people, reducing distrust and hostility. A civilized understanding of entrepreneurial success today is associated, first of all, with moral and ethical, and then with financial aspects => "Being honest is profitable."

20.3 . Economic freedom and responsibility.

Economic freedom includes the freedom to make economic decisions, the freedom of economic action. Economic freedom without the regulation of property rights by law or tradition turns into chaos, in which the right of force triumphs. That's why state regulation market economy often acts as a tool to accelerate its development. The economic freedom of the individual is inseparable from social responsibility. There is contradiction in the nature of economic activity. On the one hand, the desire for maximum profit and selfish protection of private property interests, and on the other hand, the need to take into account the interests and values ​​of society.

Responsibility – a special social and moral-legal attitude of the individual to society as a whole and to other people, which is characterized by the fulfillment of one's moral duty and legal norms. Initially, social responsibility was associated primarily with the observance of laws.

!!! Then its necessary sign became the anticipation of the future (the creation of "tomorrow's consumer", the provision environmental safety, social, political, stability of society, raising the level of education and culture). The social responsibility of participants in economic activity today is immeasurably increasing due to the breakthrough of science and technology into the deepest levels of the universe. Aggravation environmental issues led to a change in the attitude of entrepreneurs towards the environment.

20.4 . .

In the 1980s, they began to talk about eco-development, development without destruction, the need for sustainable development of ecosystems. On the necessity of transition to "development without destruction". on the need for "sustainable development" in which "meeting the needs of the present does not undermine the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

The concept of sustainable development- such a development of society that allows you to meet the needs of the present generation, without prejudice to future generations to meet their needs.

World Bank experts identified sustainable development as a process of managing a set (portfolio) of assets, aimed at preserving and expanding the opportunities available to people. Assets in this definition include not only traditionally counted physical capital but also natural and human capital. To be sustainable, development must ensure growth - or at least non-diminishment - over time of all these assets (and not just economic growth!). In accordance with the above definition of sustainable development, the main indicator of sustainability developed by the World Bank is the “true savings rate (rate)” or “true investment rate” in the country. Current approaches to measuring wealth accumulation do not take into account the depletion and degradation of natural resources such as forests and oil fields, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, investment in people - one of the most valuable assets of any country.

The emergence of the concept of sustainable development has undermined the fundamental basis of the traditional economy - unlimited economic growth. Conventional economics argues that profit maximization and consumer satisfaction in a market system is compatible with the maximization of people's well-being, and that market failures can be corrected by public policy. The concept of sustainable development believes that short-term profit maximization and the satisfaction of individual consumers will eventually lead to the depletion of natural and social resources on which the well-being of people and the survival of biological species is based.

In one of the main documents of the UN Conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro, 1992) "Agenda for the 21st Century", in chapter 4 (part 1), devoted to changes in the nature of production and consumption, the idea is traced, that it is necessary to go beyond the concept of sustainable development, when it says that some economists "question the traditional notions of economic growth", and suggests a search for "patterns of consumption and production that meet the essential needs of mankind."

In fact, it may not be about the immediate cessation of economic growth in general, but about the cessation, at the first stage, of the irrational growth in the use of environmental resources. The latter is difficult to implement in a world of growing competition, the growth of such current indicators of successful economic activity as productivity and profit. At the same time, the transition to the "information society" - the economy of intangible flows of finance, information, images, messages, intellectual property- leads to the so-called "dematerialization" of economic activity: already now the volume of financial transactions exceeds the volume of trade in material goods by 7 times. The new economy is driven not only by a scarcity of material (and natural) resources, but increasingly by an abundance of information and knowledge resources.

20.5 . Economic culture and economic activity.

The level of economic culture of the individual affects the success of social roles producer, owner, consumer. In the context of the transition to a new, information-computer mode of production, the worker is required not only high level preparation, but also high morality, a high level of general culture. Modern work requires not so much externally supported discipline as self-discipline and self-control. The Japanese economy can serve as an example of the dependence of the effectiveness of economic activity on the level of development of economic culture. There, the rejection of selfish behavior in favor of behavior based on rules and such concepts as "duty", "loyalty", "good will" contributed to the achievement of individual and group efficiency and led to industrial progress.