They entered the world market. global market

World market

The world market is a sphere of stable commodity-money relations between countries. The formation of the world market is associated with the development of national economies. The categories of the world market are “commodity”, “aggregate demand”, “aggregate supply”, “world price”, etc.

Aggregate supply and demand characterize the volumes of production of all goods on a national and international scale, depending on some generalized world price. They are formed taking into account supply and demand in the domestic and world markets.

World prices are determined by the ratio of supply and demand in the world market. Distinguish between goods involved and not involved in foreign trade.

The goods involved include products of extractive and manufacturing industries, agriculture, forestry, etc. Utilities, construction, wholesale and retail trade, compulsory social services, as well as perishable (natural milk, liquid milk, etc.) and /or bulky goods, the production of which is cheaper in their country (brick production, etc.). Goods involved in foreign trade turnover are divided into exported (exported from the country) and imported (imported into the country).

In the world economy, the following factors of production are distinguished: labor, land, capital and technology. Under the factor of labor they mean the physical and mental activity of a person to achieve a useful result. Earth is everything that nature provides at the disposal of man for his production activities. Capital - the accumulated stock in productive, monetary, commodity form, necessary for the creation of material wealth. Technology - scientific methods to achieve practical goals and entrepreneurial abilities. The factors of production in the world economy are divided by origin into the main ones (natural or those that were given for nothing, or almost for free), and developed (acquired as a result of intensive searches and investments: technology, infrastructure, qualified personnel). According to the degree of specialization, factors of production are divided into general (can be used in various industries) and special (used in one industry or to create a narrow group of goods).

A good supply of developed and special factors with their improvement guarantees the country's leading position in the world economy. If earlier the balance of power was significantly influenced by the availability of resources, later by the level of production, then by the efficiency of national production, then at present the most important factors in the balance of power in the world economy are the scientific and technological revolution, the flexibility of the structure of industrial production, the availability of sources of raw materials, regulating state intervention in the economy and activities of transnational corporations.

Considering the "world market" from the point of view of the macroeconomic structure of the world economy, it should be defined as a set of national markets and markets of economic integration groupings of countries. The degree of inclusion of each of them in the world market is determined by the type and degree of inclusion of each country in the world division of labor (MRT) and can be expressed by the corresponding share in its total volume. This is very important not only theoretically, but also practically, since it confirms that the objective conditions for the operation of economic laws in the world economy are formed under the influence of national economies, and this impact is balanced. First of all, this is manifested in the formation of world prices based on the national values ​​of goods (recall the concept of "small" and "big" countries in the economy).

From the point of view of the subjects of the world economy, the world market is a system of subjects of the world economy (producers and consumers, intermediaries and organizations that ensure their relations), presenting aggregate demand and aggregate supply. And, finally, from a political and economic point of view, the "world market" is a set of acts of sale and purchase of goods and services between the subjects of the world economy.

The modern world market has developed in the process of long historical development on the basis of the domestic markets of some leading states. The market relations of these countries gradually went beyond the national-state framework. The world market is a field of activity for stable commodity-money relations in the general composition of the world economy, which are based on the deepening and development of the international division of labor and the process of interaction of factors of production between countries. The world market unites all national markets.

In the world market there is a certain classification of goods:

• 1) by types of raw materials from which the goods are made;
• 2) according to the degree of processing of the goods;
• 3) according to the purpose of the goods;
• 4) according to the place of the goods in international trade.

Markets for mineral commodities, markets for finished products, markets for agricultural and food products, and markets for international services are the most significant for world trade.

The world market is a set of markets of certain countries that are connected by commodity exchange. The exchange of goods on the world market is a process that ensures the continuity of expanded reproduction.

The global market is characterized by the following main features:

• -on is a category of commodity production that has gone beyond the national framework in search of marketing its products;
• - the world market is associated with the production of material goods and services, which, in search of marketing its products, has gone beyond national borders;
• - manifests itself in the movement of material goods between countries and their groupings under the influence of supply and demand, not only internal, but also external;
• - provides for each manufacturer participating in world trade the possibility of effective use of limited, from the point of view of society, economic resources, indicating where they can be applied more rationally; at the same time, the problem of choice in the economy will no longer be solved at the level of a separate economic system, but on a more global, global scale;
• - carries out a sanitizing function, rejecting those products that are not able to provide an international quality standard at competitive prices.

A product that is in the exchange phase on the world market performs an information function, reporting the average parameters of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, through which each of the participants can evaluate and adapt the parameters of their production.

Acting as a sphere of interstate exchange of goods, the world market has a reverse effect on production, showing it what, how much and for whom it is necessary to produce. In this sense, the world market is primary in relation to the manufacturer and is the central category of the international economy.

There are basic conditions for the emergence of the market.

The first condition is the social division of labor and specialization. In any large community of people, none of the participants in the economy can live on the basis of complete self-sufficiency with all productive resources, all economic benefits. Separate groups of people are engaged in a wide variety of economic activities, i.e. specialize in the production of certain goods and services. In industry, three main forms of specialization are distinguished: subject (automobile, tractor factories), piece by piece (ball bearing factory), technological - staged (spinning factory).

The defining moment of specialization is the principle of comparative advantage. The essence of the principle lies in the ability to produce products at a relatively lower opportunity cost due to differences between entrepreneurs in skills, abilities, resources, etc.

The second condition is the economic isolation of producers, completely independent, autonomous in making economic decisions (what to produce, how to produce, to whom to sell the products). This isolation historically arises on the basis of private property. Subsequently, it began to rely on collective property, but necessarily limited to some local range of interests (cooperatives, partnerships, joint-stock companies, state enterprises, mixed enterprises, i.e. with state participation, etc.). world market

The third condition is the resolution of the problem of transaction costs - the costs in the field of exchange associated with the transfer of property rights. They include the costs associated with obtaining a permit (license) for the economic activity chosen by the subject, with the search for information, for negotiating, for changing the properties of goods. If the costs are higher than the expected income, then the market for such goods will not be created.

For the effective functioning of the market, the fourth condition is also necessary - the independence of the producer, the freedom of entrepreneurship, the free exchange of resources. Non-market regulation of the economy is inevitable in any system, but the less the commodity producer is constrained, the more scope for the development of market relations. Free exchange allows the formation of free prices, which will indicate to producers the guidelines for the most effective areas of their activity.

Countless names of goods and services according to their purpose, properties, pricing features and forms of exchange have led to the formation of separate structural formations, sectors, specific markets on the world market that make up the structure of the world market.

In general terms, the world market can be distinguished:

• - goods market;
• - service market;
• - labor market;
• - capital market.

On the world market of goods, sectors of fuel and raw materials, agricultural, and industrial goods are distinguished.

Raw material or raw material is called explored, explored and extracted natural resources. They form the material basis of the product, they are the main materials. All types of raw materials that are consumed by modern industry are divided into two large groups: industrial and agricultural raw materials. Industrial raw materials are divided into raw materials of mineral origin and artificially obtained. In international practice, food resources, livestock products, fishery products, raw materials for the food industry, etc. are often referred to as agricultural raw materials.

Market functions, established market relations in society, have a huge impact on all aspects of economic life, performing a number of significant functions: information, mediation, pricing, regulation, sanitizing.

Information function. Through constantly changing prices, interest rates on credit, the market provides production participants with objective information about the socially necessary quantity, assortment and quality of those goods and services that are supplied to the market.

Spontaneous operations turn the market into a gigantic computer that collects and processes colossal volumes of point information and provides generalized data for the entire economic space that it covers. This allows each company to constantly check its own production with changing market conditions.

intermediary function. Economically isolated producers in conditions of a deep social division of labor must find each other and exchange the results of their activities. Without a market, it is practically impossible to determine how mutually beneficial this or that technological and economic relationship between specific participants in social production is. In a normal market economy with sufficiently developed competition, the consumer has the opportunity to choose the optimal supplier (in terms of product quality, price, delivery time, after-sales service and other parameters). At the same time, the seller is given the opportunity to choose the most suitable buyer.

Pricing function. The market usually receives products and services of the same purpose, but containing an unequal amount of material and labor costs. But the market recognizes only socially necessary costs, only they agree to pay the buyer of the goods. Here, therefore, a reflection of social value is formed. Thanks to this, a mobile relationship is established between value and price, sensitively reacting to changes in production, in needs, in the market situation.

Control function- most important. It is connected with the influence of the market on all spheres of the economy and, above all, on production. The market is inconceivable without competition. Intra-industry competition stimulates the reduction of costs per unit of output, encourages the growth of labor productivity, technical progress, and the improvement of product quality. Intersectoral competition through the flow of capital from industry to industry forms the optimal structure of the economy, stimulates the expansion of the most promising industries. Preservation and maintenance of a competitive environment is one of the most important tasks of state regulation in countries with a developed market system.

An important role in market regulation is played by the ratio of supply and demand, which significantly affects prices. Rising price is a signal to expand production, falling - a signal to reduce. As a result, the spontaneous actions of entrepreneurs lead to the establishment of more or less optimal economic proportions.

Sanitizing function. The market mechanism is not a charitable system. She is tough and even cruel. It is characterized by social stratification, ruthlessness towards the weak. With the help of competition, the market clears social production of economically unstable, unviable economic units and, on the contrary, gives the green light to more enterprising and efficient ones. As a result of this, the average level of sustainability of the entire economy as a whole is continuously increasing. international market price trade

The world market, as the most important part of the world economy as a whole, is a sphere of exchange between separate national economies. Having flows in the domestic markets of different countries, the world market was originally formed as a commodity market. But later it began to expand rapidly and now has a complex structure, representing the totality of its interconnected elements.

The main elements of the global market are:

• - international commodity market;
• - international capital market;
• - international labor market;
• - international market of services (transport, insurance, etc.)
• - international information market;
• - international currency market.

Thus, the developing international division of labor serves as the basis for the accelerating development of the world economy, which serves as a manifestation of the development of new modern productive forces. These processes require the creation of an appropriate global infrastructure that would ensure the functioning of all areas of the integrating economies. Such an infrastructure is represented by a network of information communications, all types of international transport, pipelines for the intercountry transfer of oil and gas, etc.

The most important features of the modern world market are:

• - multiply increased mobility of circulation of goods and services;
• - system of world prices;
• - formation of a common system of settlements in Southeast Asia
• - the significance of state and political influence on the movement of goods on the market;
• - cross-country integration and globalization.

At the same time, the world market is quite a conflicting environment of activity. Therefore, countries determine their attitude towards it, reflected in their foreign trade policy - a set of principles and measures of the state's foreign trade activities.

Bibliographic list

• 1. Averchev I.V. Management accounting and reporting: formulation and implementation - M.; St. Petersburg: Vershina 2006.- 512s
• 2. Zharikova L.A. Management accounting: textbook - Tambov, publishing house TTGU
• 3. Avdokushin E.F. International economic relations - M.: Yurist, 2009.
• 4. Lomakin V.K. World economy. -4th ed. revised and additional - M.: UNITI. 2008.
• 5. Khalevinskaya E.D., Crozet I. World economy: Textbook. - M.: Jurist, 2010.
• 6. Puzakova E.P. World economy. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2009.

World market- the sphere of stable commodity-money relations between countries based on the international division of labor and other factors of production.

The world market covers all the main areas of the international division of labor. The scale of development of the world market reflects the degree of development of the process of internationalization of social production. The world market is derived from the domestic markets of countries. At the same time, it has an active inverse effect on the macroeconomic balance of isolated economic systems. Segments of the world market are determined by both traditional factors of production - land, labor and capital, and relatively new ones - information technology and entrepreneurship, the importance of which is growing under the influence of the modern scientific and technological revolution. The markets for goods and services, capital and labor force, formed at the supranational level, are the result of the interaction of world demand, world prices and world supply, are affected by cyclical fluctuations, operate in conditions of monopoly and competition.

The global market is characterized by the following main features:

It manifests itself in the interstate movement of goods that are under the influence of not only internal, but also external demand and supply;

Optimizes the use of production factors, prompting the manufacturer in which industries and regions they can be applied most efficiently;

It performs a sanitizing role by rejecting goods and often their manufacturers from international exchange, which are not able to provide an international quality standard at competitive prices.

The main external sign of the existence of the world market is the movement of goods and services between countries.

International trade consists of two counter flows of goods and services that form the export and import of each country. Export is the sale and export of goods abroad, import is the purchase and import of goods from abroad. The difference between the cost estimates of exports and imports forms the trade balance, and the sum of these estimates is the foreign trade turnover.

Product-service. The product-service includes the following components:

I. Manufacturing Services:

know-how,

Licenses;

Transport services;

Engineering services, etc.

II. Consumer services:

Socio-cultural services (education, healthcare, sports, etc.).

The share of economically developed countries in the world market of services is about 80%.

Among the reasons stimulating the rapid growth of the world market for services, the following stand out:

A mature economy and a high standard of living increase the demand for services;

The development of all types of transport stimulates the international mobility of both entrepreneurs and the population;

New forms of communication, including satellites, sometimes make it possible to replace the personal contacts of sellers and buyers;

The accelerated process of expanding and deepening the international division of labor, which leads to the formation of new types of activities, primarily in the non-productive sphere.

Dynamics of development of international trade

Since the second half of the 20th century, when international exchange, according to M. Pebro's definition, acquires an "explosive character", world trade has been developing at a high pace. In the period 1950-1998. world exports grew 16 times. According to Western experts, the period between 1950 and 1970 can be characterized as a "golden age" in the development of international trade. In the 1970s, world exports fell to 5%, falling further in the 1980s. In the late 80s, he showed a noticeable revival. Since the second half of the 20th century, the uneven dynamics of foreign trade has manifested itself. In the 1990s, Western Europe was the main center of international trade. Its exports were almost 4 times higher than those of the United States. By the end of the 80s, Japan began to emerge as a leader in terms of competitiveness. In the same period, it was joined by the "new industrial countries" of Asia - Singapore, Hong Kong Taiwan. However, by the mid-1990s, the United States was once again taking the leading position in the world in terms of competitiveness. Export of goods and services in the world in 2007, according to the WTO, amounted to 16 trillion. USD. The share of the group of goods is 80% of services 20% of the total volume of trade in the world.

At the present stage, international trade plays an important role in the economic development of countries, regions, the entire world community:

foreign trade has become a powerful factor in economic growth;

the dependence of countries on international trade has increased significantly.

The main factors affecting the growth of international trade:

development of the international division of labor and internationalization of production;

activities of transnational corporations TNCs;

Analysis of the global consulting market

Over the past 20 years, there has been a very large growth in consulting services. This is due to the globalization of the world economy. In 2000-2001, in connection with the stock market crises, consulting experienced hard times, slowly recovering in 2003-2004, by 2007. reached a fairly high level, and, despite the global financial crisis, in 2009 the international consulting market is reaching fairly high levels, which is primarily due to a slight increase in the client base due to an increase in demand for business optimization services, IT projects, increasing the efficiency of using various resources (including labor), training, etc. The largest markets for consulting services today are the US and the EU, the markets of Asian countries show good dynamics, but their share in the world market is still small.

In recent years, there have been significant changes in the structure of world trade. In particular, the share of communication and information technology services has increased significantly, while the share of trade in commodities and agricultural products has been declining.

Certain changes are also taking place in the geographical distribution of world trade. Gradually, the trade of developing countries is growing, but the volume of goods flows from the newly industrialized countries is increasing especially rapidly.

RUSSIAIN THE WORLD MARKET OF SERVICES

In the process of the transition of the Russian economy to a market basis and its integration into the world economy, one should take into account the active role of the service sector, as well as all aspects of its development abroad (technical, structural, organizational, managerial, quantitative and qualitative). Our primary task is to accelerate the development of the service sector.

The structure and main qualitative parameters of the Russian service market differ significantly from the Western ones, primarily in the predominance of traditional industries that provide transportation and marketing of manufactured products. At the moment, there are gaps in Russia regarding the statistical treatment of services in both domestic production and foreign trade (especially with regard to the geographical structure of export and import flows of service industries). There are problems with the classification of services. Thus, a brake on the development of the practical activities of service market operators is the discrepancy in classifying certain types of services as export-import operations. There is a need and work is already underway to compile an all-Russian classifier of types of economic activity by goods and services, adapted to the international classification system.

The economic development of the service sectors was accompanied by the creation of an appropriate legal framework. The need for further development of a regulatory regime for the services sector, which will ensure the optimal combination of state control measures and competitive conditions for the activities of domestic and foreign service providers, is becoming increasingly clear for Russia in the light of the task of joining the WTO. Tourism has been the most important and predominant item in the trade balance of the Russian Federation in the service sector in recent years.

The term "International Market" (IR) is confused with the concept of "World Market". The world market is a complete complex of national markets of various states, and not just their individual elements, and MR is one of the components of the world market.

Methods of entering the international market

• direct investment;
• export;
• joint venture.

Export

It happens direct and indirect, active and irregular.

Joint venture activities

• licensing;
• contract management;
• joint venture;
• contract manufacturing.

Stages of formation and development of MR:

• The period of the emergence of capitalism, when foreign trade was based mainly on the activities of merchants who were intermediaries between states interconnected by trade relations. Goods at that time were produced in small volumes.
• The industrial revolution in Great Britain in the second half of the 18th century, thanks to which machine production was established in factories and enterprises, and trade between countries began to develop rapidly. At the same time, an IR arose, which ensured a close relationship between industry and foreign trade relations.
• The stage of formation of the highest stage of the capitalist mode of production - state-corporate capitalism. This stage began in the second half of the 19th century. and continues to this day. During these more than 100 years, the capitalist type of activity of independent companies has been transformed into more advanced types of corporations. This stage is due to the final phase of the formation of IR based on the dominance of financial capital.

Types of international markets

• International currency market (FOREX). The system of relationships between individuals, organizations and banks in the process of currency trading. Features of the foreign exchange market - the positive dynamics of the internationalization of foreign exchange markets in different countries. The daily turnover in the FOREX market is $10 trillion.
• The international financial market (IFR) is a large complex of market relations that accumulates and redistributes financial flows through lending. The task of the MFR is to guarantee the possibility of attracting the required amount of funds on the best terms.
• The international stock market acts as a platform for carrying out transactions with securities and, as a result of which capital is transferred between states, that is, there is either an outflow (export) of national capital from the country, or an inflow (import) of foreign capital.

Functions of the international market

• stimulating function. MR stimulates the process of expanding the offered goods and services, as well as various aspects of the manufacturing sector.
• regulatory function. The IR regulates the attraction of various new goods and services and their circulation in the sphere of international economic relations.
• Information function. The state, thanks to the IR, receives the information necessary for a more rational use of its economic resources, and can also compare the volume of production within its country with the volume of production of other participants in the international market.
• social function. With the help of the IR, the state provides the best means of meeting social needs and achieving equality within society.
• integration function. IR is important in ensuring productive cooperation between different states and creating a common economic space.
• sanitizing function. The main objective of this function is to identify and withdraw from circulation goods that do not meet current quality standards, and, as a result, are not able to withstand competition in the global market.

International trade is closely connected with world markets. Let us analyze the features of the functioning of this institution of the world economy.

Classification of world markets

Depending on the purpose of economic analysis, the following types of world markets are distinguished. By objects of commercial transactions world markets can be categorized as:

• world markets for goods and services. Example: global coffee market, global car market; world market of financial and banking services;
• world markets for factors of production (resource markets). Example: world labor market, world capital market, world market of raw materials (oil, gas), world market of metals (silver, gold, copper);
• world markets for money and finance. Example: global stock market, global bond market, foreign exchange market;
• global technology markets. Example: the world market of the Internet, the world market of high technologies, the world market of intellectual property.

By level product standardization world markets are divided into:

• to markets for a homogeneous product. Example: most commodity markets, commodity markets;
• differentiated product markets. Example: the world market for textile products; world car market; global home appliance market.

By buyer type world markets include:

• to consumer goods markets;
• markets for industrial goods (means of production).

By industry affiliation world markets are included in the industry:

• National economy:
  • - industry,
  • - Agriculture,
  • - services,
  • - transport,
  • - connection,
  • - trade,
  • - housing and communal services;
• industry:
• - electric power industry,
• - fuel industry,
• - ferrous metallurgy,
• - non-ferrous metallurgy,
• - chemical and petrochemical industry,
• - mechanical engineering and metalworking,
• - timber, woodworking and pulp and paper industry,
• - building materials industry,
• - food industry;
• sub-sectors.

By the presence and magnitude of barriers to entry allocate:

• world markets without barriers to entry with an unlimited number of participants. Example: world agricultural markets and markets for light industry products, world markets for tourism services;
• global markets with moderate barriers to entry and a limited number of participants. Example: world engineering products (cars, aircraft, equipment), world markets for transport services;
• global markets with high barriers to entry and very few participants. Example: world markets for metals, world markets for the chemical industry, international business in sports;
• world markets with blocked entry and a constant number of participants. Example: world commodity markets (oil, gas), world diamond market.

By scale of operations participants among the markets are:

• local (local) markets;
• regional markets;
• national markets;
• international (cross-border) markets;
• global markets.

Local markets are limited to a small area. It can be the markets of a city, a settlement, an area inside a big city. Here international transactions can be represented by individual exporters and importers supplying limited segments of consumers with specific goods and services.

Regional markets cover large regions within the country, usually corresponding to the administrative division of the state. It can be the markets of republics, states, regions, districts.

The world market is a sphere of stable commodity-money relations between countries based on MRI and the separation of production factors. It unites the national economies of all countries of the world.

In the context of globalization, expansion and deepening of world economic relations, commodity markets are losing national and territorial boundaries, turning into world commodity markets, which are traded by traders from all countries.

The world market is represented by various types of commodity markets, service markets, financial markets, resource markets, incl. and labor. The activities of world markets for goods and services are regulated by international commodity agreements. Each commodity market has its own centers of trade - "main markets", the prices of which are recognized as basic in the trade of the corresponding goods.

According to the method of organizing trade, special types of markets are distinguished: commodity exchanges, auctions, auctions, international exhibitions and fairs.

The world market is characterized by the following main features: 1) it is a category of commodity production that has gone beyond national markets; 2) is manifested in the implementation of international commodity flows in accordance with the prevailing preferences of consumers; 3) optimizes the use of production factors in the world economy; 4) performs a sanitizing role, rejecting goods and their manufacturers from international exchange that are not able to provide an international quality standard at competitive prices.

Functions: Integrating function is that, thanks to the market, separate national economies form a single economic system - the world economy. Systematizing function MR is manifested in the ranking of states in accordance with the level of their economic development and the achieved economic power. mediating function is expressed in the fact that the world market mediates (realizes) the results of state participation in MRT. Information function consists in informing the seller (manufacturer) and the buyer (consumer) how much their individual (national) costs for the production of the product, the quality of the final product and raw materials correspond to the international (world average). Stimulating (optimizing) function. Its essence lies in the fact that, by adjusting (on the basis of information received from the market) their production (volumes, structure, costs), in the aggregate, states change the structure of production in the industry, and hence the sectoral structure of the national economy, optimizing it in accordance with trends in the global economy. Sanitizing (improving) function means clearing the market and the economy in the most democratic way of economically inefficient structures (economic operators) and improving the operating conditions for the strongest of them.

Subjects of the world market: - the state - groups of states, - integration associations, - firms, - TNCs and trans. nat. banks. – international economic and financial organizations.

National Economy and World Market: Problems of Inclusion and Interaction.

The place and role of any country in the world economy, the international division of labor and the internationalization of economic life depend on many factors. In our opinion, the main ones are:

· the level and dynamics of the development of the national economy;

· the degree of openness of the national economy and its involvement in the international division of labor (ILD);

· progressivity and development of foreign economic relations (FER);

· the ability of the national economy to adapt to the conditions of international economic life and at the same time influence them in the desired direction;

· existence of legal conditions for foreign investments;

presence of transnational corporations.

Among the many factors affecting the entry and level of integration of each country into the world economy, two factors are the most important. First, the effect, or economic, and, perhaps, political benefit for the countries participating in the global integration process; in this case, the main criterion should be the national interest - not only the current one, but also related to the distant future. Solving the question of the participation of each specific country in various forms of international economic relations is always difficult, because it requires a comprehensive consideration of the consequences and results of such an act. This is important not only for the national economy of an individual country, but also for the world economic community as a whole. The main conditions for the country's participation in the global integration process are political and social stability, the absence of sharp fluctuations in the national economy and its openness.

As an analysis of the problems of integration into the world economy of other countries has shown, the main condition for creating a viable economy is its openness. In an open economy, world market prices directly or indirectly determine the prices of domestic products and do so much more efficiently than any government agency. At the present stage, the "openness" of the economy means not only the country's active participation in international trade, but also in other forms of world economic relations, such as the international mobility of production factors and international monetary and settlement relations.

An important advantage of an open economy is its importance in the fight against monopoly. Noting the role of the world market as a powerful means of combating monopolism and solving the problem of the effective functioning of the national economy in the transition period, it is necessary to proceed from the fact that a country's economy should be made open only on condition of economic evaluation and economic protection of its resources. Only in this case it is possible to avoid the risks of negative manifestations in the economy under the influence of its openness and obtain positive results from the impact of the world economy and the world market on the Russian economy in these conditions.

Russia turned out to be quite deeply involved in the world economy. The share of exports in its GDP is quite large. Russian exports are supported by energy resources, raw materials and materials, the role of the external market for producers of which has increased dramatically due to the narrowing of the domestic market. Thanks to the work on the foreign market, these industries (oil and gas production, metallurgy, production of timber and fertilizers) remained competitive in the face of a general decline in production, while in other industries, especially in engineering, output fell two to three times.

Acquiring the status of a highly developed power in a globalized world is impossible without changes in the structure of Russian business. The basis of the national economy should be powerful integrated corporate structures, primarily financial and industrial, capable of competing in the domestic and world markets with transnational giants.

In connection with the foregoing, it should be noted that an important problem of international trade in the context of globalization is the need for close integration between trade and foreign direct investment. At the same time, international trade acts as an integral part of a common, integrated system of production, marketing and supply, which is created and developed by transnational corporations.

The structure of the world market.

The world market as a whole is characterized by a very rich and complex structure. The description of its structure depends on the selected criteria. We can distinguish the following criteria for characterizing the structure and system of the market.

based on a functional approach: 1. International market for goods and services. 2. International capital market (currency market, credit) 3. World technology market. 4. World labor market.

Based on geographical location: - European market, - Asian market, - North American market, - African market, etc.