Warehouse equipment and labor protection. Instructions for observing the rules of labor protection and safety requirements when working in warehouses of material assets foremen Rules for staying in a warehouse

For smoking, special places should be set aside and equipped, marked with the appropriate sign in accordance with GOST 12.4.026 and equipped with fire extinguishing equipment (a box of sand, a barrel of water).

3.132. Warehouses for storing cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases can be open, semi-closed, closed and located no closer than 20 m from industrial, administrative and storage buildings, no closer than 50 m from residential buildings and no closer than 100 m from public buildings.

3.133. To protect against lightning discharges, warehouses for cylinders with combustible and explosive gases must be equipped with spike or panicle type lightning rods.

3.134. Closed warehouses for storing cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases should be one-story with a light coating and not have attic spaces.

3.135. Walls, partitions, coverings of a warehouse for storing cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases must be made of non-combustible materials not lower than the second degree of fire resistance.

3.136. The windows and doors of the warehouse for storing cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases must open outward, the glass of windows and doors must be matte or painted with white paint.

3.137. In order to avoid excessive heating of cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases by the sun's rays, the windows of the warehouse should face the north side, the height of the window sill should be at least 1.5 m from the floor. The height of the warehouse for storing cylinders with liquefied and compressed gases must be at least 3.25 m from the floor to the lower protruding parts of the building cover.

3.138. The floors of the warehouse for storing cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases must be flat with a non-slip surface, and the floors of the warehouse for storing cylinders with combustible gases, in addition, from materials that exclude sparking when any objects hit them.

3.139. The floors of the warehouse for storing cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases and the unloading platform (ramp) adjacent to the warehouse must be at the level of the floor of the car body carrying the cylinders.

3.140. Warehouse premises for storage of cylinders with liquefied and compressed gases should be divided into compartments by walls made of non-combustible materials. Each compartment must have a separate exit to the outside.

3.141. Warehouses for storing cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases must be equipped with natural or forced ventilation.

3.142. The air temperature in the warehouse for storage of cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases must not exceed 35 °C.

3.143. Lighting of warehouses for storing cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases must be explosion-proof. The illumination of the warehouse floor surface should be at least 10 lux.

3.144. In closed warehouses (sheds) for storing coal, exhaust pipes and other devices must be installed to constantly ventilate the space above the surface of the stored coal. Each barn or shed for storing coal should have one longitudinal side facing the passage.

3.145. Closed rooms for storing coal (basements, semi-basements, ground floor rooms) must have fireproof walls and ceilings. At the same time, constant ventilation of the space above the surface of the coal stored in these rooms should be ensured.

3.146. When storing coal in bins, each individual bin or group of bins adjacent to one another should not exceed 2000 cubic meters in volume. m with a maximum area of ​​400 sq. m, and the laying height (bulk) should be no more than 8 m.

3.147. Bunkers for storing coal must be made of non-combustible materials (metal or reinforced concrete), without size restrictions. Bunkers made of combustible materials (wooden) are allowed as an exception for storing coal in them for a period of not more than one month.

3.148. Entrance to the territory of the tar storage and tar plant is prohibited for employees who are not related to the storage or brewing of tar.

At the entrance to the territory of the tar storage and tar plant, posters "Entrance to unauthorized persons is prohibited" should be posted.

3.149. Walls, coatings, partitions of the building of the tar plant and storage of lubricants for molds must be made of non-combustible materials.

3.150. Smoking and the use of open flames in the premises of the tar plant and storage of lubricants for molds is prohibited.

3.151. The heating systems of the tar building and storage of lubricants for molds must be water or steam. The use of stove heating, electric heating devices is not allowed.

3.152. The arrangement and equipment of warehouses and sites for storing building materials must comply with the requirements of building codes and regulations, fire safety rules.

3.153. Warehouses for building materials must be properly equipped (site layout, site coverage, fencing, lighting, storm water drainage, access roads, etc.) and have equipment for loading and unloading operations.

3.154. Warehouses of building materials must be equipped with fire extinguishing equipment (buckets, containers with water, shovels, hooks, boxes with sand, fire extinguishers, etc. according to the list determined by the fire department), have entrances and driveways in accordance with the requirements of the Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation .

3.155. Warehouses for storage of building materials can be closed, open and semi-closed. Closed warehouses are intended for storage of finishing materials, electrical products, wooden structures and other materials subject to deterioration from exposure to precipitation. These warehouses must be heated if sub-zero temperatures could damage the stored materials.

3.156. Semi-closed warehouses (sheds) are designed to store materials and products that are subject to damage from direct exposure to precipitation. Sheds should be located at a distance of at least 10 m from each other.

3.157. In open warehouses, goods that are not subject to damage from atmospheric precipitation (reinforced concrete products, sand, crushed stone, etc.) can be stored.

3.158. Warehouses for the storage of cement must provide protection from moisture, spray and contamination. Cement should be stored in containers, in silos with periodic (at least once every 15 days) aeration-pneumatic loosening and pumping. Cement in bags should be stored in closed dry rooms.

3.159. It is not allowed to store cement in temporary granary-type warehouses, under sheds, in chests, in open areas under tarpaulin shelters, near cargoes that emit ammonia. It is not allowed to store cement of different brands and types in one container.

This labor protection manual for warehouse workers is available for free viewing and downloading.

1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION

1.1. Men and women who are fit for health reasons, who have been trained in labor protection in their specialty, are allowed to work as warehouse workers.
1.2. The employee must comply with the organization's internal labor regulations, work schedule, work and rest schedule.
1.3. The following dangerous and harmful production factors can affect the storekeeper:
- moving cars;
- transported goods, containers;
- unstable stacks of stored and weighed goods;
- reduced temperature of goods;
- reduced air temperature of the working area when working in refrigerators; high or low air humidity;
- increased air movement;
- increased level of dust content in the air of the working area;
- increased voltage in the electrical circuit;
- lack or lack of natural light;
- insufficient illumination of the working area;
- sharp edges, burrs and uneven surfaces of equipment, tools, inventory, containers;
- chemical factors, physical overload.
1.4. In accordance with the current legislation, warehouse workers are issued with special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment, provided for by the standards for issuing PPE established by the organization.
1.5. The employee must notify his immediate supervisor of any situation that threatens the life and health of people, of each accident that occurred at work, of the deterioration of his health, including the manifestation of signs of an acute illness.
1.6. A food handler should:
- leave outerwear, shoes, headgear, personal items in the dressing room;
- before starting work, wash hands with soap and water, put on clean sanitary clothes;
- work in clean sanitary clothing, change it as it gets dirty;
- before eating, after visiting the toilet and any contamination, wash your hands with soap and water;
- Do not allow eating in the workplace.
1.7. Persons who have failed to comply with or violate the instructions on labor protection are subject to disciplinary liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the internal labor regulations and, if necessary, are subjected to an extraordinary examination of knowledge of the norms and rules of labor protection.

2. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK

2.1. Prepare the work area for safe work:
- ensure the availability of free passages and driveways to the places of storage of goods and containers;
- check the condition of the floors (the absence of cracks, potholes, stuffed planks), the sufficiency of lighting in the aisles, driveways at the places of warehouse work.
2.2. Check the availability and serviceability of the lifting and transport equipment necessary for operation, fencing of overpasses, a crash bar, a security board, as well as wooden slopes with hooks, brake shoes and other devices for lifting and moving loads.

3. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK

3.1. Perform only the work for which you have been trained and instructed in labor protection.
3.2. Use serviceable equipment necessary for safe work, as well as office equipment, furniture; use them only for the work for which they are intended.
3.3. Follow the rules for moving in the premises and on the territory of the organization, use only the established passages.
3.4. Keep your workplace and the pantry (warehouse) clean, ensure timely cleaning of spilled (spilled) goods.
3.5. Do not block passages and passages between racks, stacks, passages to control panels and circuit breakers, escape routes and other passages with empty containers, inventory, unloaded goods.
3.6. Do not be at a dangerous distance from maneuvering vehicles, inside the vehicle during unloading (loading), between its side and overpass when the vehicle is moving in reverse.
3.7. Take measures to eliminate the potholes, cracks and other floor malfunctions in the aisles and driveways that appeared during operation.
3.8. Do not allow the speed of cars and electric forklifts, cargo trucks in the storage room (warehouse) to exceed 5 km/h.
3.9. Follow:
- serviceability and timely cleaning of racks from dirt, packaging residues, to prevent their overload;
- timely shelter of dusty cargo with tarpaulin, matting or other materials;
- the presence of tags and stickers on the container with the goods with the exact name of harmful and dangerous substances (acids, alkalis, solvents, etc.);
- symmetrical distribution of cargo on a flat pallet (without protruding beyond the dimensions) relative to its longitudinal and transverse axes;
- the weight of the formed package, which should not exceed the carrying capacity of the loading and unloading mechanism;
- serviceability of containers with cargo, pallets and compliance with other requirements.
3.11. Require fastening of slopes when unloading barrels from a car, make sure that the rolling barrel does not drop down, but is held by a rope by an employee in the back.
3.13. To prevent injury when receiving goods, you should:
- weighing barrels and other heavy cargoes to be carried out on a commodity scale installed in the pit, or use an inclined bridge;
- move carts, mobile racks, containers in the direction "away from you";
- the descent of goods along the loading tray should be carried out one package at a time, and the descent cargo should be removed before the descent of the next one begins;
- warn people near the conveyor or lift about the upcoming start-up of the equipment;
- carry goods only in serviceable containers, do not load containers more than the nominal gross weight;
- when storing barrels laid "lying down", do not use adjacent stacks as a supporting wall;
- do not use random objects (boxes, barrels, etc.), equipment for sitting or finding;
— when operating handling equipment, comply with the labor protection requirements set forth in the operational documentation of equipment manufacturers;
- use a specially designed tool to open the container (nail puller, pliers, breaker, can opener, etc.). Do not perform these works with random objects or tools with burrs;
3.14. During the storage of goods, observe the following labor protection requirements:
- goods in boxes and bags, not formed into bags, stacked in a stack, with laying rails between each two rows of boxes and laying boards every 5 rows of bags (in height);
- stack heavier loads in the lower rows of the stack;
- boxes with goods in glass containers (bottles, cans) should be stacked in stacks no more than 2 m high, and when stored on pallets - up to 3.5 m in two tiers;
- when installing drums with goods, observe gaps between groups of drums of at least 1 m;
- stack bags of flour on special racks in sections of three or five bags (triples or fives) in a dressing;
- when manually stacking bags, stack them in a stack with a height of no more than 8 rows, and in a mechanized way - no more than 12 rows;
- every 12 m, leave passages between the stacks of flour with a width of at least 0.75 m;
- when laying stacks of sugar, observe distances that should not be less than: 0.3 m - between stacks, 1.0 m - between stacks and the conveyor; 0.7 m - from walls and protruding structures to the stack.
3.15. In case of detection of an incorrectly folded stack, measures should be taken to disassemble it and stack it again with the elimination of the noticed shortcoming. Disassembly of the stack, in order to avoid its destruction, should be carried out only from above and evenly over the entire area.
3.16. Store non-food items as follows:
- brick: in bags on pallets - no more than two tiers, in containers - one tier, without containers - no more than 1.7 m high;
- tiles (cement-sand and clay) - in a stack up to 1 m high;
- heating devices (radiators, etc.) in separate sections or assembled - in a stack no more than 1 m high;
- heat-insulating materials - in a stack up to 1.2 m high in a dry room;
- pipes with a diameter of up to 300 mm - in a stack up to 3 m high on linings;
- bags with fertilizers - on flat pallets in a dressing, with a protrusion beyond the edge of the pallet by no more than 50 mm;
- car tires - on the shelves of racks only in a vertical position;
- timber - on a stacked base with a thickness of at least 0.35 m, in a stack with a height of not more than 2 m.
3.17. When performing warehouse work, it is not allowed:
— operation of loading hatches and openings without fencing;
- carrying goods in defective containers and containers with scuffs, burrs, protruding nails or edging wire; carrying goods in rigid containers and frozen products without gloves;
— movement of goods by portage; stowage of goods in a stack in weak packaging; walking on stacks;
- stacking lumber and other combustible goods in piles under electrical wires; performance of work on two adjacent stacks at the same time;
- storage of overalls, textile materials and footwear together with acids, alkalis and combustible materials; work with acids without rubber boots, gloves, rubberized apron and glasses in leather or rubber frames;
— bottling of acids without the use of a siphon or a special device for tilting the bottle with acid;
- performance of work at height from faulty ladders or ladders that have not been tested in the prescribed manner;
- installation on the ground of ladders and step-ladders that do not have shackles with sharp tips at the lower ends, and when using these ladders on smooth surfaces - without put on “shoes” made of rubber or other non-slip material;
- the device of additional supporting structures from boxes, barrels, etc., with insufficient length of the stairs;
- splicing of wooden ladders without a strong connection with metal clamps, overlays with bolts;
- use of a jointed ladder without preliminary testing;
- installation of ladders at an angle of more than 75 ° to the horizontal without additional fastening of their upper part;
- work from the step of a ladder, located at a distance of less than 1 m from its upper end, as well as from the two upper steps of a ladder that does not have railings or stops;
- the use of ladders for work at height without special devices (hooks, chains) that do not allow them to move apart spontaneously during work;
- more than one person is on the steps of a ladder or ladder;
- movement of goods on a ladder and placement on it of a tool necessary when performing work at height;
- work from ladders and ladders near and above working machines, conveyors;
- work from attached and sliding ladders at a height of more than 1.3 m without a safety belt fixed to the structure of the structure;
- work in places with heavy traffic of people or vehicles from an unguarded ladder or from a ladder at the base of which there is no worker in a helmet holding the ladder in a stable position.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

4.1. In the event of a fire, immediately stop work, turn off electrical equipment, call the fire brigade, inform the immediate supervisor and the administration of the organization, take measures to evacuate the premises. When extinguishing a fire, it is necessary to use primary fire extinguishing equipment, take part in the evacuation of people. In the event of an electrical fire, use only carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers.
4.2. In case of injury, the employee is obliged to stop work, notify the immediate supervisor and call an ambulance or go to a medical institution.
4.3. In case of electric shock, it is necessary to release the victim from the action of the current by immediately turning off the electrical installation with a knife switch or switch. If it is impossible to turn off the electrical installation quickly enough, it is necessary to release the victim with the help of dielectric gloves, while making sure that you yourself do not become energized. After the release of the victim from the action of the current, it is necessary to assess his condition, call an ambulance and, before the doctor arrives, provide first aid.

5. REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY AFTER THE END OF WORK

5.1. Check the fire condition of the warehouse.
5.2. Make sure that the loading and unloading mechanisms are installed in the places reserved for their storage.
5.3. Close loading hatches, openings, lock them from the inside of the room.
5.4. Remove protective clothing, wash hands, take a shower if possible.

Russian legislation pays special attention to the requirements for labor protection in a warehouse, since the aforementioned work has certain characteristics and features that must be taken into account by both employees and employers. The rules of labor protection in a warehouse can seriously differ depending on how exactly work is organized at a given facility. For example, labor protection in a finished goods warehouse has its own characteristics, but in a temporary storage warehouse they may be different.

Labor protection in the warehouse - general standards and requirements

Before considering the direct principles of labor protection in a warehouse, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the general requirements of Russian legislation relating to labor protection in general. Occupational safety refers to a set of standards, procedures and that ensure the safety of employees. In general, labor protection at the enterprise includes the following measures:

Certain types of activities, as well as specific working conditions, types of equipment used in the labor process may provide for certain individual requirements within the framework of labor protection.

Legal regulation of labor protection is provided mainly by the provisions of the following regulatory documents and acts:

• Section X of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Labor protection is a very important component of the Labor Code and several separate chapters are devoted to it in this regulatory document.
• POT RO 14000-007-98 dated 25.02.1998. This provision on labor protection concerns precisely the direct requirements for ensuring certain labor protection rules specific to warehouse activities with an accurate consideration of most of the aspects of activity necessary for the employer and employee.
• TI R M-001-2000. This is a typical labor protection instruction for warehouse workers, which can be used for all types of warehouses and contains all the requirements of the legislation in matters of warehouse, as well as loading and unloading activities. Therefore, almost any employer can use it.

Features of ensuring labor protection in the warehouse

R Employers should pay attention to the following features of the activity:

Labor protection in a warehouse of finished products or temporary storage in the legislative regulations of the general rules of labor protection does not differ. However, as mentioned earlier, its specific features will depend both on the nature of the product and on the arrangement of the warehouse itself.

Warehouse safety rules and instructions

Given the wide variety of existing standards and restrictions in the field of labor protection in a warehouse, it is quite difficult for employers and personnel specialists to understand the effective implementation of all legislative norms. Therefore, the best solution, especially for small businesses that are not engaged in specific activities, would be to familiarize themselves with the standard instruction on labor protection in warehouses and implement it unchanged at the enterprise.

The model instructions offered by the Ministry of Labor are not mandatory documents. The employer has the right to independently develop instructions for labor protection and safety within his enterprise, however, in such a situation, he must ensure that all the numerous requirements of the law are fully complied with.

The basis of the direct requirements of the legislation is contained in the rules of labor protection in the warehouse, mentioned earlier. But at the same time, employers should keep in mind that additional regulatory and legislative documents may also have a certain impact on their activities. In particular, the general labor protection requirements considered by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation are binding in any case, as are the labor protection rules in warehouses for the employees of these warehouses themselves. However, regional and sectoral legislation, as well as other additional regulations, can add complexity to this process. In this case, one thing must be remembered - the requirements of labor protection in the warehouse cannot be softer and provide for a lower level of protection of the rights of the employee than provided for by higher regulations.

(Company name)

AGREED

Authorized person
on labor protection of workers
organizations
_______ ___________________
_______________
(the date)

APPROVED

Head (Deputy
head of the organization
in job duties
which includes questions
labor protection organizations)
enterprises
__________ ________________
(signature) (initials, surname)
_______________
(the date)

INSTRUCTION №____
ON LABOR SAFETY DURING WAREHOUSE WORK

CHAPTER 1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR SAFETY

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have been trained in safe working methods, tested their knowledge, received an introductory briefing on labor protection and primary briefing at the workplace (hereinafter referred to as employees) are allowed to perform work in the warehouse.

1.2. When carrying out work with dangerous goods, before they begin, the employee should obtain a work permit and be instructed indicating the properties of dangerous goods, the rules for working with them, and first aid measures.

1.3. The employee is obliged:

1.3.1. perform only the work that he was assigned and for which he was instructed in labor protection. When performing work, it is necessary to strictly observe the accepted technology of cargo handling. It is not allowed to use methods leading to a security breach;

1.3.2. comply with the Internal Labor Regulations.

It is not allowed to use, as well as be at the workplace, the territory of the organization or during working hours in a state of alcoholic, narcotic or toxic intoxication.

Smoking is allowed only in designated areas;

1.3.3. rest in specially designated places;

1.3.4. know the location and be able to use primary fire extinguishing equipment, do not obstruct access to fire fighting equipment, hydrants and emergency exits;

1.3.5. constantly check the serviceability of ventilation and fire extinguishing equipment;

1.3.6. use overalls, footwear and other personal protective equipment;

1.3.7. be able to provide first aid to victims;

1.3.8. follow the rules of personal hygiene;

1.3.9. report to the manager about all malfunctions of machines, mechanisms and equipment. In the event that any questions arise during the work related to its safe performance, you must immediately contact the person responsible for the safe performance of work on the movement of goods.

1.4. Not allowed:

1.4.1. use faulty load-handling devices and tools, cables and chains;

1.4.2. the presence of unauthorized persons in the places of loading and unloading and storage operations.

1.5. In the process of work, the following dangerous and harmful production factors may affect the employee:

moving cars;

Moving and warehousing cargoes;

Increased dust content in the air of the working area;

Microclimate;

Cutting and piercing objects (protruding nails, metal tape or wire on a container).

When working with acids and caustic substances, there is a danger of chemical burns and poisoning.

1.6. Warehouse workers are provided with personal protective equipment according to the norms according to their professions and positions.

1.7. In winter conditions at low temperatures, outdoor work and work in unheated rooms should be carried out with breaks for heating.

1.8. For non-compliance with the requirements of this instruction, the employee is liable in accordance with applicable law.

CHAPTER 2. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK

2.1. Put on overalls, safety shoes and, if necessary, other personal protective equipment (respirator, goggles, etc.).

2.2. When working in warehouses for storing cylinders with combustible and non-combustible gases and in warehouses with calcium carbide, the overalls of workers should not be oiled.

2.3. Check the availability and serviceability of personal protective equipment, lighting, fire extinguishing equipment.

2.4. Inspect the workplace, remove from it everything that may interfere with work, clear the aisles and do not clutter them; if the floor is slippery (doused with water, oils, etc.), then you should wipe it or sprinkle it with sand.

2.5. Before using a mechanism or device in work, it is necessary to make sure that it is in good condition, and when working with electrical equipment, that the protective grounding is reliable.

2.6. Before starting work with the hoist, it is necessary to check the correct operation of the brakes, the carriage, as well as the lift height limiter. If a malfunction is detected, you should immediately inform the work manager about this and do not turn on the hoist without his instructions.

2.7. Before starting work on roller tables, it is necessary to check the reliability of the side rails.

2.8. Before starting the operation of a continuous transport machine (conveyors, elevators, etc.), let it run without a load, i.e. idle and only after checking its technical condition and warning people nearby with an appropriate signal.

CHAPTER 3

3.1.Loading and unloading of railway wagons and vehicles

3.1.1. It is necessary to carry out loading and unloading operations in specially designated areas, sites. They should not be carried out on the path of railway transport, cars, tractors, as well as in places of crossings and crossings.

3.1.2. During the maneuvering of a train, when delivering cars to the place of unloading or loading, it is not allowed to ride on buffers, steps of the head automatic couplers, to cross the tracks under the cars standing under loading or unloading.

3.1.3. When moving wagons, it is not allowed to stand on the edge of the ramp, as well as between the ramp and the moving wagon.

3.1.4. The movement of wagons along the unloading front with the help of the simplest devices (full bar, etc.) is allowed in exceptional cases and only under the direct supervision of a responsible person.

3.1.5. When moving wagons manually, workers should be on the side.

3.6. Railway transport (wagon, gondola platform) put under loading (unloading) must be reliably braked with the help of brake shoes placed under the wheels on both sides.

3.1.7. Before unloading railway transport, you should carefully examine the condition of the cargo and, if any malfunctions are detected (skewed, broken racks, unreliable linkage), without starting unloading, get instructions from the responsible person on the method of unloading.

3.1.8. Before unloading the wagon, carefully inspect the condition of the bridge and the gangway to get out of the wagon. They must be made of boards with a thickness of at least 50 mm, fastened on the underside with metal or wooden planks.

3.1.9. When loading and stacking materials and equipment in wagons near the railway tracks, a free passage of at least 2 m wide must be left between the cargo and the rails closest to them.

It is allowed to unload wagons along the railway tracks only in the places designated for this.

3.1.10. It is not allowed to unload the cargo on the rail tracks and between the tracks, as well as clutter them up with any objects. Unloaded materials should be immediately moved to their storage location.

3.1.11. When unloading from special wagons directly onto the rail tracks, the goods must be immediately removed and transported to storage sites.

3.1.12. Manual loading and unloading of wagons, cars and other vehicles should be carried out only from ramps or specially equipped sites. The ramp area must be on the same level as the vehicle area.

3.1.13. In order to avoid injury by the load that may fall out of the car when opening and closing the doors, you should be on the railway track with your right side to the car and hold only the door handrails, use special devices to open the doors.

3.1.14. When loading sheet materials onto railway platforms using a forklift, it is not allowed to stand near the platform, since when dropped from the forks of the loader, the sheet may slip and cause injury.

3.1.15. When unloading wagons, the cargo should be disassembled in steps so as to prevent the possibility of falling individual boxes or parts.

3.1.16. Loading and unloading of dangerous and hazardous cargoes should be carried out under the supervision of a person responsible for the safety of these works.

3.1.17. When unloading bulk cargo (gravel, sand, cement, etc.) from gondola cars (cars), hatches must be opened with special devices that exclude the presence of a worker under the hatch during its opening.

3.1.18. When loading and unloading lime, cement, sand and other dusty goods, workers must be provided with respirators, dust goggles and appropriate overalls.

3.1.19. It is not allowed to loosen packed bulk cargoes through the loading and bottom unloading hatches of specialized wagons.

3.1.20. It is not allowed to hit the walls of the wagons with a crowbar, sledgehammer and other heavy objects when eliminating the hanging of cement, lime in the wagons.

3.1.21. In the absence of mechanization, loading (unloading) of long piece cargo (rails, beams, logs, etc.) must be carried out along the tracks using winches and ropes. Staying between the tracks or in the area of ​​cargo movement is not allowed. Lifting, correcting or rolling logs should be carried out with the help of a log.

3.1.22. Opening the sides of a vehicle loaded with long piece cargo should be carried out by two employees located on the side of the sides.

3.1.23. Timber and other long pieces of cargo from the body of vehicles are unloaded along an inclined plane formed by logs of logs with a diameter of at least 0.15 m. The number of tracks should be at least two plus one for every 2 m of the length of the materials moved along them. The ends of the rails, located in the body of the vehicle, must be equipped with hooks.

3.1.24. Laying of long loads should be carried out only after they have been unloaded from vehicles.

3.1.25. It is impossible to be in an area where the material periodically moves along an inclined plane.

3.1.26. When unloading long piece goods from wagons and motor vehicles by crane, it is not allowed to drag them with a hook and enter the area of ​​the stack over which the load is moving. When lowering a pack of logs, you should be at a distance of at least 15 m from the place of laying.

3.1.27. After hooking a pack of long piece goods with a crane hook, it is necessary to move to the side opposite to the zone of its movement, at a distance of at least 15 m, and then give a signal to the crane operator.

Slinging of the next pack of long loads is allowed after the load being lifted is taken away at a distance of at least 15-20 m from the slinging point.

3.1.28. When simultaneously stacking long loads of various lengths on a vehicle, shorter ones must be placed on top.

3.1.29. It is not allowed to load long-length cargo into vehicles, the length of which exceeds the length of the body by more than 2 m. Such materials must be transported on dissolution trailers.

3.1.30. When unloading and loading barrels and other cylindrical goods, if there are no special mechanisms, strong ropes with hooks should be used, as well as braking ropes with firmly fixed ends.

3.1.31. The height of a loaded vehicle must not exceed 4 m from the road surface to the highest point of the load.

3.1.32. After loading long loads on the platforms of cars and trailers, they should be firmly tied with strong, serviceable rigging.

3.1.33. It is allowed to stack cargo in glass containers on top of each other (in two rows) using strong spacers that protect the lower row from impact during transportation.

3.1.34. When loading, unloading and transporting cylinders with compressed gas, the body of the car (trailer) must be equipped with racks with recesses according to the size of the cylinders, upholstered with felt. Racks must have locking devices that protect the cylinders from contact with each other.

3.1.35. Glass containers with aggressive liquids (acid, liquid chemicals, etc.) must be installed in the car body while standing, with the necks (plugs) up, and each piece of cargo must be well secured.

3.1.36. Joint loading of compressed, liquefied, gases dissolved under pressure, flammable liquids with anhydrous acid, liquid air, oxygen and nitrogen, combustion supporting substances, toxic substances, nitric acid and sulfonitrogen mixtures is not allowed.

3.1.37. Barrels, flasks, bottles, etc. with paints and varnishes should be installed tightly in the car body, with caps and plugs up, strong wooden spacers and spacers should be inserted into the gaps between the loads.

3.1.38. Cylinders with fumigants must be placed in a car in a horizontal position with caps in one direction and securely fastened.

3.1.39. When loading and unloading rail containers, you must:

3.1.39.1. lift containers by gripping all rings at the same time;

3.1.39.2. put loaded or empty containers in only one tier.

3.1.40. It is allowed to load two containers at the same time only if there are load-handling traverses.

3.2. Safety requirements for transporting goods

3.2.1. The maximum norm for carrying weights on a flat and horizontal surface per person should not exceed: for women when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour) -10 kg; constantly during the working shift - 7 kg; for men over 18 years old - 50 kg. A load weighing more than 50 kg must be lifted by at least two workers (men).

3.2.2. Manual lifting of stacked goods over 3 m in height is not allowed.

3.2.3. When carrying loads simultaneously, the distance between employees (or groups of employees) carrying a unit of cargo (box, bag, etc.) must be at least 2 m.

3.2.4. Carrying loads on a stretcher is allowed along a horizontal path at a distance of not more than 50 m. Tilting and lowering the stretcher should be at the command of the worker walking behind. Carrying loads on a stretcher up stairs is not allowed.

3.2.5. Carrying long materials (logs, pipes, etc.) should be done with special grips and devices. Carry long materials on crowbars, wooden beams, etc. not allowed.

3.2.6. Turn over heavy piece loads, packaged equipment using roller crowbars and other devices. It is not allowed to roll and turn over the load on yourself.

3.2.7. When manually carrying machine parts assembled in small bundles, you must first check the strength of the bundle.

3.2.8. Carrying and loading of antiseptic timber is allowed only in overalls (tarpaulin jackets, trousers, leather mittens).

3.2.9. At least two people must be allocated for manual loading (unloading) of long loads (logs, beams with a length exceeding 1/3 of the length of the car body, tractor trailer, etc.), and they must use ropes of sufficient strength.

3.2.10. Workers should wear shoulder pads when carrying long loads. In this case, workers should be on one side of the carried load.

3.2.11. When rolling barrels, wheels, etc. the employee must follow the load and control the speed of its movement.

3.3. Safety requirements for warehouse processing of goods

3.3.1. In order to avoid an accident (pressing a leg or arm to the floor) and to ensure the convenience of subsequent cargo handling, heavy objects should be placed on special pads.

3.3.2. Stowage of goods should be carried out only in specially designated places. Stowing cargo in aisles, driveways, near electrical installations, electrical wires, knife switches, fire shields and conductive fittings is not allowed. The distance from the warehouse wall to the stack should be within 0.6-1m.

3.3.3. After laying the load, in order to prevent its spontaneous movement, it is necessary to install special devices and devices (side racks, gaskets, linings, supports, etc.).

3.3.4. In open areas in winter, in order to avoid subsidence and violation of the vertical position of the stack, it is necessary to first clean the area from debris and snow.

3.3.5. Drums with cable, cable and other large-sized cylindrical objects must be reinforced with holding devices (wedges, battens, boards, etc.) to prevent them from rolling out when laying. Loads should only be placed on flat spacers.

3.3.6. Machine parts with protruding sharp working bodies should be placed in stacks or packages in such a way as to exclude the possibility of injury to people who come into contact with them during operation.

3.3.7. In the case of storing sharp parts of machines and equipment in stacks, it is necessary to beware of collapses of stacks during their disassembly.

3.3.8. When stacking long and heavy loads, it is necessary to use wooden spacers or racks-stands.

3.3.9. Car and tractor tires should only be placed on racks in a vertical position.

3.3.10. When forming a stack, it is advisable to stack heavier loads in the lower rows.

3.3.11. When forming stacks of boxes, it is necessary to leave vertical gaps between the boxes.

3.3.12. Packages from boxes of different sizes can only be stacked if the stack is stable and even.

3.3.13. Stacking loaded flat pallets is allowed up to a height at which the safety of the lower pallets is guaranteed.

3.3.14. Before stacking goods, the cells of the racks must be cleaned of dirt, packaging and conservation residues. It is not allowed to stack loads on faulty racks and overload racks.

3.3.16. Tractors should be loaded into vehicles with special grips, and tractor trailers should be loaded with a frame traverse. 5.17. Timber should be stacked in stacks no more than 2 m high on a stacked base with a thickness of at least 0.35 m.

The height of the stacks is more than 2 m, provided that the width of the interstack interval is not less than the height of the stack.

3.3.18. Rolled stock should be laid in such a way that the ends of the end sides of the stacks located at the aisles are laid out evenly, regardless of the length of the stacked bars, pipes, etc.

3.3.19. When laying metal in closed warehouses, a passage with a width of at least 0.7 m must be provided between the end of the pile and the wall.

3.3.20. For the safe movement of transport and loading vehicles, when stacking stacks, it is necessary to arrange them in such a way that the distance between the stacks exceeds the width of the vehicles (loaders, carts, etc.) by at least 0.8 m, and if necessary, ensure oncoming traffic - twice the width of the vehicle plus 1.2m.

3.3.21. When laying a stack of lumber, the following safety requirements must be met:

3.3.21.1. move 3 m away from the package being lifted in the direction opposite to its movement;

3.3.21.3. remove lifting devices only after lowering them onto the stack;

3.3.21.4. pull out the slings from under the package manually.

3.3.22. It is not allowed to stand on the edge of the stack or on the ends of the inter-package gaskets, use a crane to climb up or down the stack.

3.3.23. It is not allowed to lay stacks of lumber under electrical wires. The distance from buildings to stacks of roundwood and lumber should be at least 15 and 30 m, respectively.

3.3.24. It is necessary to stop stacking and dismantling of stacks in case of strong wind (6 points), heavy rain, snowfall and thick fog (visibility less than 50 m).

3.3.25. Crooked stacks may only be dismantled during the daytime in accordance with a previously developed method of work under the direction of a person responsible for loading and unloading operations.

3.3.26. It is not allowed to carry out work on two adjacent stacks at the same time.

3.3.27. It is not allowed to download and send to the consumer materials in non-standard or defective containers.

3.3.28. When packing cargo for shipment over long distances with reloading to various modes of transport, as well as cargo weighing more than 20 kg, wooden boxes with cargo must be strengthened by wrapping the ends with steel tape or wire.

3.3.29. Before loading the container, it is necessary to check its serviceability.

Place the parts in the container tightly so that they do not fall out when the doors are opened. The load on the floor of the container must be evenly distributed.

3.3.30. The doors of the container must be freely closed, for this, when placing the cargo in the container, leave a free space of 30 to 50 mm between the cargo and the door.

3.3.31. After the loading of the container is completed, it is necessary to check the tightness of the closing of its doors.

3.3.32. To avoid injury to the legs due to falling parts, when opening the doors of containers, be on the side.

3.3.33. When forming a rack from small containers, it is not allowed to keep several container doors open at the same time, as this can lead to injury to workers servicing the rack.

3.3.34. It is possible to move containers around the warehouse only on specially adapted loaders, while the containers should be installed on linings.

3.3.35. Unauthorized persons are not allowed to be present in the work area of ​​the stacker crane.

The presence of employees and unauthorized persons in the work area, the exit of rack stacker cranes from racks and in the area of ​​transfer carts is not allowed.

3.3.36. In the area of ​​operation of stacker cranes, there should be inscriptions, posters warning workers about the danger of being in the area of ​​​​working machines.

3.3.37. When servicing a stacker crane, you should be careful and attentive.

It must be remembered that the stacker crane operator has limited visibility into the loading and unloading areas.

3.3.38. Vehicles delivered to the work area of ​​the stacker crane must be located on a specially designated area.

3.3.39. Before transporting the load to the stacker crane, make sure that the weight of the load, taking into account the tare weight, does not exceed the rated capacity of the stacker crane.

3.3.40. It is not allowed to be in the working area of ​​the overhead or slotted conveyor.

3.3.41. In order to prevent rolling, pipes should be laid in horizontal rows alternately along and across. Steel and cast-iron pipes of large diameters with couplings and sockets should be stored in open areas in horizontal rows. In this case, the rows of pipes must be laid with sockets in opposite directions.

3.3.42. Coils of rolled wire arriving at the warehouse in bundles should be laid on a wooden flooring in bulk with a height of not more than 1.6 m.

3.3.43. Hot-rolled and cold-tensioned strips in coils during stacked storage should be laid on wooden pallets and installed in stacks no more than 2 m high.

3.3.44. Equipment, instruments, materials during their storage should be stacked as follows:

Brick in packages on pallets - no more than two tiers, in containers - one, without containers - no more than 1.7 m high;

Foundation blocks and blocks of basement walls - in a stack with a height of not more than 2.6 m on linings and gaskets;

Wall beams - in a stack in two tiers on linings and gaskets;

Wall panels - in cassettes or pyramids;

Partition panels - in a stack with a height of not more than 2.5 m on linings or gaskets;

Waste chute blocks - in a stack no more than 2.5 m high;

And columns - in a stack up to 2 m high on linings and gaskets;

Tiled materials (asbestos-cement tiles, asbestos-cement sheets and flat asbestos-cement slabs) - in stacks up to 1 m high;

Hollow asbestos-cement slabs - in a stack up to 15 rows;

Tiles (cement-sand and clay) - in a stack up to 1 m high, laid on an edge with gaskets;

Small-grade metal - in a rack with a height of not more than 1.5 m;

Sanitary and ventilation units - in a stack with a height of no more than 2.5 m on linings and gaskets;

Heating devices (radiators, etc.) in separate sections or assembled - in a stack no more than 1 m high;

Large-sized and heavy equipment and its parts - in one row on linings;

Bitumen - in a dense container, excluding its spreading, or in special pits with a device to protect them;

Ferrous rolled metals (sheet steel, channels, I-beams, section steel) - in a stack up to 1.5 m high with linings and gaskets;

Heat-insulating materials - in a stack up to 1.2 m high with storage in a closed dry room;

Pipes with a diameter of up to 300 mm - in a stack up to 3 m high on linings;

Pipes with a diameter of more than 300 mm - in a stack up to 3 m high in a saddle without gaskets.

3.3.45. Rewind and unwind the cable and wire should be a special marking mechanism. Before cutting the cable from the cut point in one direction or another to 0.15 - 0.2 m, it should be fixed with wire to prevent spontaneous unwinding and injury.

3.3.46. Cargoes in boxes and bags, not formed into packages, must be stacked in a dressing. For the stability of the stack, every 2-3 rows of boxes should be laid slats and every 5-6 rows of bags along the height of the board.

3.3.47. Dismantling of stacks must be done only from above and evenly along the entire length.

3.3.48. For the safe movement of lifting mechanisms when stacking stacks, it is necessary to arrange them in such a way that the distance between the stacks exceeds the width of the loaded transport (forklifts, carts, etc.) by at least 0.8 m, and if it is necessary to ensure oncoming traffic, the width of the transport plus 1.5 m.

3.3.49. Paper rolls should be stacked no more than three rows high with plank spacers between rows. End rolls should be fixed with stops.

3.3.50. Powdered materials are stored in silos, bunkers, chests and other closed containers, taking measures against spraying during loading and unloading. The loading funnels must be closed with protective gratings, and the hatches in the protective gratings must be locked.

3.3.51. Silos, bunkers and other containers must be equipped with devices for mechanical collapse of arches (hangs) of materials. If necessary, the descent of workers into the bunkers and silos can be carried out according to the work permit in a special cradle with the help of a winch.

To carry out work inside silos and bunkers, at least three workers should be appointed, two of whom, being on the silo or bunker ceiling, must monitor the safety of those working in the bunker and, if necessary, provide assistance.

Workers inside the bunker (silo) must be provided with respirators.

3.3.52. When storing raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products at the sites, drums, drums and bottles should be installed in groups of no more than 100 pieces each, with gaps between groups of at least 1m.

The bottles must be protected with braid, baskets, wooden crates, etc.

3.3.53. Storage of overalls, textile materials and footwear together with acids and alkalis and combustible materials is not allowed.

3.3.54. Upon arrival at the warehouse of workwear in a large number of bales and bundles on flat special or mesh pallets, it is necessary to stack them in the cells of the racks or in a stack.

Overalls arriving at the warehouse in small quantities in small packages or by the piece should be placed in the cells of the rack.

3.4. Safety requirements for packing and unpacking containers, stacking goods on pallets

3.4.1. Plank boxes and other containers may be opened only with the help of tools intended for this purpose (nail pullers, pliers, etc.).

3.4.2. The ends of the metal upholstery after opening the boxes must be bent down.

3.4.3. Boards from dismantled wooden boxes and other types of packaging must be freed from metal plates, wire and nails.

3.4.4. Wooden barrels should be opened by removing the stubborn (upper) hoop and then releasing the frame from the neck (second) hoop on one side of the barrel. When removing hoops, you must use a special heel and hammer. Lightly hitting the rivets with a hammer (up), you need to release the bottom and remove it with a steel rivet. It is not allowed to extract the bottom of the barrel with hammer or ax blows.

3.4.5. When opening metal barrels with stoppers, use a special wrench. Do not unscrew plugs with hammer blows. Empty and full barrels cannot be thrown and hit one against the other.

3.4.6. It is not allowed to litter the territory of the warehouse with empty containers. This container must be sent for storage to areas specially designated for this purpose.

3.4.7. Contaminated pallets should be washed in specially equipped places.

3.4.9. When forming packages with cargo on flat pallets, the following conditions must be observed:

3.4.9.1. in order to ensure the stability of the package, the weight of the cargo must be distributed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the pallet;

3.4.9.2. the top plane of the package must be flat;

3.4.9.3. the cargo on the pallet should not protrude beyond its edges by more than 50 mm;

3.4.9.4. the weight of the package should not exceed the carrying capacity of the loading and unloading mechanism;

3.4.9.5. cargo is allowed to be packed in a package only in a serviceable container.

CHAPTER 4

4.1. During an accident, you must:

4.1.1. stop work;

4.1.2. turn off electrical equipment;

4.1.3. report the incident to the person responsible for the safe performance of work on the movement of goods;

4.1.4. in case of accidents, take measures to remove the victim from the danger zone and provide first aid to the victim.

4.2. In the event of a fire:

4.2.1. stop working;

4.2.2. turn off electrical equipment;

4.2.3. notify management and call the fire brigade;

4.2.4. start extinguishing the fire with the available fire extinguishing equipment.

CHAPTER 5. REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

5.1. Turn off the equipment in use. Do not leave the load suspended.

5.2. Tidy up the workplace; put the tools and accessories in the place allotted for storage or hand them over to the changer.

5.3. Remove personal protective equipment, put in a closet.

5.4. Report any malfunctions noticed in the process of work to the immediate supervisor of the work.

5.5. Upon completion of all work, wash hands and face with warm water and soap, if possible, take a shower.

AGREED
Head of labor protection service
(specialist in labor protection or
specialist for whom
these responsibilities)

Head of structural
divisions (developer)
_________ ___________________
(signature) (initials, surname)

Loading and unloading operations should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.3.002-75, this standard and state standards for certain types of production processes, taking into account the specifics of the work.

Loading and unloading operations should be carried out mechanized using lifting and transport equipment and small-scale mechanization. It is necessary to lift and move loads manually in compliance with the norms established by current legislation.

The safety of loading and unloading operations must be ensured:

the choice of methods for the production of work, handling equipment and technological equipment;

preparation and organization of work sites;

the use of protective equipment for workers;

conducting a medical examination of persons admitted to work, and their training.

When moving cargo by lifting and transport equipment, the presence of workers on the cargo and in the zone of its possible fall is not allowed. After completion and during a break between works, the load, load-handling devices and mechanisms (bucket, grab, frame, electromagnet, etc.) should not remain in the raised position. Moving cargo over premises and vehicles where people are located is not allowed.

Loads (except for ballast unloaded for track work) with a stacking height of up to 1.2 m, counting from the rail head, must be located from the outer edge of the head of the railway or crane runway rail closest to the load at a distance of at least 2.0 m, and when high altitude - not less than 2.5 m.

Ways of stowage and fastening of goods should ensure their stability during transportation and storage, unloading of vehicles and dismantling of stacks, as well as the possibility of mechanized loading and unloading. Maneuvering of vehicles with loads after removing the fasteners from the loads is not allowed.

Loading and unloading areas must have a base that ensures the stability of handling equipment, stored materials and vehicles.

The boundaries of stacks, aisles and passages between them should be marked on the stowage areas. It is not allowed to place loads in the aisles and driveways.

The width of the driveways should ensure the safety of the movement of vehicles and handling equipment.

Loading and unloading areas, including walkways and driveways, must have sufficient natural and artificial lighting in accordance with building codes and regulations.

Illumination should be uniform, without blinding effect of lamps on workers. The types of lighting fixtures should be selected depending on the environmental conditions, properties and nature of the goods being processed.

Workers engaged in loading and unloading operations must be provided with sanitary facilities and good-quality drinking water.

The temperature of the outside air and the strength of the wind in a given climatic region, at which it is necessary to stop working in the open air or arrange breaks for warming workers, is established by the administration of the enterprise in accordance with applicable law.

Places of loading and unloading operations must be equipped with the necessary means of collective protection and safety signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76.

The movement of vehicles in the places of loading and unloading operations should be organized according to the transport and technological scheme with the installation of appropriate road signs, as well as signs adopted for railway, water and air transport.

Cargo tables, ramps, overpasses and other structures must be equipped with permanent or removable fenders.

Passages and workplaces must be leveled and not have holes, potholes. In winter, the passages should be cleared of snow, and in case of icing, sprinkled with sand, slag or other anti-slip materials. For the passage (lift) to the workplace, sidewalks, stairs, bridges, ladders that meet safety requirements must be provided.

Lifting and transport equipment, vehicles during loading and unloading operations must be in a condition that excludes their spontaneous movement. Lifting and transport equipment is allowed to lift a load, the mass of which, together with load handling devices, does not exceed the permissible load capacity of this equipment. It is not allowed to lift a load of unknown mass, as well as a pinched, frozen or hooked load.

According to SN and P 463-74, the designed warehouse belongs to category D of explosive and fire safety, the degree of fire resistance of the warehouse is II, room class according to the Electrical Installation Rules - dusty.

For industrial and warehouse buildings, fire escapes should be provided along the perimeter of the building at least every 200 m. . When laying cables and pipelines through building envelopes with standardized fire resistance limits and fire propagation limits, the gaps between them should be filled with mortar to the full thickness. All warehouses and storage sites must be equipped with fire extinguishing equipment, the types and quantity of which are determined in accordance with the standards established by fire safety rules. All properties are required to be smoke-free. The territory of bases, warehouses, and other facilities should have outdoor lighting sufficient to quickly find fire-fighting water sources, outdoor fire escapes, and building entrances.

findings

In the course work, a logistics center was designed for the storage of a bandage with an annual output of 10 thousand tons.

In work, we form bandages in boxes into packages by stacking them on pallets of 18 boxes (weight of a storage unit is 0.818 tons).

Bandage storage is carried out in the warehouse of the logistics center, with batch processing of cargo, stacked storage pit; The maximum period of cargo storage is 30 days. Depending on the parameters of storage units and the scope of application, the warehouse will be serviced by a forklift (when moving cargo from road transport to a warehouse) and an electric forklift (when placing cargo in a warehouse).

As a result of the calculations performed, the dimensions of the warehouse are sufficient to ensure the storage of the annual volume of cargo in - 30x60 m; warehouse area - 1800 m 2; the area of ​​the receiving and sorting area is 24.48 m 2; the area of ​​temporary storage of empty pallets is 10.46 m 2 .

To ensure the stability of the structure of the warehouse building, solid columns of constant closed section were used in the form of a pipe of two channels (section dimensions 600x600 mm). The spacing of the columns is 7.5 m (along the outer rows), 7.5 m (along the middle rows).

Based on research and calculations, lighting in the warehouse will be carried out using incandescent lamps, their number in the warehouse is 50 pieces (25 pieces per span); luminaire pitch - 6m, distance from the wall to the first row of luminaires - 1.8 m (if there are jobs near the walls), 3m (if there are no jobs near the walls).

Important for the operation of the warehouse is the observance of safety regulations when performing loading and unloading and related work, as well as compliance with fire safety rules.