The most reliable septic tank for the home. Septic tank for permanent residence

These data confirm the need to define personal criteria when looking for the best septic tank for a summer residence. In addition to the above information, you should pay attention to the following data:

• Real volume of drains (normal/maximum).
• The possibility of careful maintenance, ensuring uninterrupted power supply.
• Proposed method of installation (independent / with the help of specialists).
• Ground water level.
• The thickness of the earth layer above the hull and the corresponding loads.
• Ease of passage of equipment for the extraction of accumulated effluents.

Important! The best septic tank performs its functions without unnecessary difficulties and high operating costs. For an accurate assessment, all significant factors are analyzed in combination.

Regardless of the specific form (drawing with dimensions, or a set of documentation in accordance with GOST), the materials must contain information not only about the septic tank. They indicate the number and parameters of straight pipes and other fittings, hoses and hatches for. Electric actuators are equipped with overheating and surge protection devices. Submersible supplement with convenient lifting devices for inspection and repair.

After a thorough study of all the nuances of the project, they make the necessary adjustments to the equipment requirements. Make an accurate list of the main components of the system and add-ons, building materials, tools. This work will help clarify the amount of future financial and labor costs.

Related article:

The article tells how to make . Description of construction requirements is supplemented with reviews of effective technologies and finished models with characteristics and prices. This information will help to implement the project quickly, at a reasonable cost.

The current rating of the best septic tanks for a country house

To determine which is the best septic tank for a summer residence, the current rating is supplemented with consumer reviews. Useful data on warranty, operating instructions.

Topas

A significant advantage of this brand is the specialized production of various treatment facilities:

Model	Productivity, (m3 per day) / Permissible volume of one-time discharge (m3)		price, rub.	Notes
Topas-S4	0,8/125	95 x 97 x 2.5/215	78500-86500	Compact system with one compressor.
Topas 4 PR	0,8/175	88 x 97 x 260/225	95200-108900	Equipped with two compressors for active aeration of the compartment with aerobic microorganisms.
Topas 8 Long OL	3/1025	230 x120 x310/715	251000-268800	Installation to meet large needs (up to 15 users). Such equipment is suitable for equipping large real estate objects.
Topol-Eco TOPAS-S 8 Pr	1,3/-	-	110900-115300	Equipment for deep cleaning with five working chambers. Energy independent execution.

Note! On the official website, you can buy a Topas septic tank inexpensively from the manufacturer. The price in the price list is not increased by the profit of intermediaries, so you can count on quite reasonable offers.

According to a separate request, the company creates complex-type treatment facilities, specialized sets:

• In the line "Toplos" modifications are presented:
  • "Aqua" - for cleaning liquid from open reservoirs;
  • "KM" - container type installation;
  • "FL" - equipment for the detention of organic matter.
• Cleaning of fatty impurities will be performed by Toppolium.
• The Toprain kit is designed to equip gas stations and car workshops.

With the help of the above products and other products of this company, it is possible to solve specific tasks at a reasonable cost. When selling, the price with a turnkey installation includes delivery and installation. This data will help clarify the amount of real investment.

Tank

Treatment facilities under this trademark are produced by Triton Plastic. Currently, this company offers the following range of country septic tanks Tank. The price in the table is as of August 2017:

Model series "Tank"	Productivity, (cubic meters per day)	Length x Width x Height (cm) / Weight (kg)	The price of one / three products, rub.
1	0,6	120 x 100 x 170/85	22700/17000
2	0,8	180 x 120 x 170/130	32800/27500
2,5	1	203 x 120 x 185/140	37900/32500
3	1,2	220 x 120 x 200/150	44700/39500
4	1,8	360 x 100 x 170/228	59000/54000

Note! If you choose a septic tank, owner reviews should be studied with a duration of operating experience of at least several seasons. This will allow obtaining objective information, taking into account regular additional costs in economic calculations.

The manufacturer gives the following advantages of products in this series:

• Their design is well developed in practice, taking into account the opinions of real users.
• This equipment performs its functions without power consumption and associated operating costs.
• It can be installed in any soil.
• We allow installation without concreting the base and rigidly attaching to it using anchoring.
• Good tightness is useful at high groundwater levels.

Important! In official instructions, the company notes the need to remove bottom sediments during seasonal living (in autumn, before preparing the dacha for winter). If the property is used constantly, such a procedure is needed no more than once every 5 years or less. For the decomposition of sediments, special sets of microorganisms are used.

The prices indicated for the Tank septic tank are for the capital and the Moscow region. Discounts are provided not only for the number of purchased products. They are valid when ordering professional installation (+12400 rubles).

Triton

The same manufacturer produces other polymer products. Under the Triton brand, the following series are presented on the domestic market:

• "H" - storage tanks for waste with a volume of 1000 to 27000 liters, costing 24800-426000 rubles.
• "T" - traditional in design septic tanks of three separate chambers.
• "P" - tanks for fire fighting systems.
• "K" - caissons
• "PM" - fat retention devices for installation under.

Model of the Triton-T series	Tank volume, liters	Tank diameter x length, cm	Approximate number of users
1	1000	120 x 117	2
1,5	1500	120 x 162	3
2,5	2500	120 x 252	5
5	5000	120 x 472	10
10	10000	150 x 600	20
12	12000	200 x 405	-
30	30000	200 x 980	-

This kit is suitable for installation in the country. The wall thickness of these products is from 10 to 15 mm, which provides good resistance to mechanical stress. Technical data are shown in the table:

Name	Tank volume, liters	Length x Width x Height in cm	Weight, kg
septic tank	750	125 x 820 x 170	85
infiltration device	400	180 x 800 x 400	20

Such a set is not difficult to transport and install yourself. As standard, the manufacturer includes a neck and caps. It is not necessary to purchase an infiltrator. Instead, you can apply , a filtering field.

Termite

Septic tanks under this brand are created by Multiplast. This company produces products from polymers using vacuum and rotational forming technologies. The presence of our own design departments allows us to respond in a timely manner to market requirements. Equipped with modern equipment, production ensures cost minimization and excellent quality. It is acceptable to manufacture solid-cast containers with a volume of up to 10 thousand liters.

The manufacturer emphasizes that only primary raw materials, high-quality polymers are used for the manufacture of cases. One-piece casting and radial end lugs help maintain structural integrity even under heavy loads. The technical characteristics of products are checked by a series of special hydrodynamic tests.

Model series "Termite"	Productivity, cbm per day	Tank volume, liters	Length x Width x Height, cm	Weight, kg	Notes
Drive 1.2	0,4	1200	134 x 116 x 156.5	80	storage capacity.
Pro 1.2	0,4	1200	134 x 116 x 156.5	80	The most compact septic tank with additional soil cleaning. Wall thickness - up to 20 mm.
Transformer 1.5S	0,6	1500	200 x 80 x 200	110	This equipment can be converted into a cleaning station with forced air supply. Proprietary Aeration Kit Offered
Pro 2.5	1	2500	200 x 115.5 200.5	135	Suitable for a family of 5.
Transformer 2.5PR	1	2500	205 x 105 x 211	155	Such a septic tank can be used.

Note! When buying a turnkey Termite septic tank, the price includes installation work. But you need to make sure that these services are available for a specific region. Otherwise, you will have to organize the installation of equipment on your own.

Unilos

The current production line includes two series of classic septic tanks:

These are complete cleaning stations, which differ in the following characteristics:

• Polymer foam walls (polypropylene) create a layer of insulation that prevents the harmful effects of changes in external temperature.
• For forced air supply, membrane technology is used here, which helps to extend the life of the aerator to 10 years or more.
• Removal of excess silt (it is used as a fertilizer) is carried out using a regular airlift.

You can purchase a suitable station, taking into account the required distance from. The following restrictions apply when constructing a route:

Modification	Outlet depth in cm for different drain systems		Maximum inlet depth, cm
	Gravity	Forced
"Standard"	45	15	60
"Midi"	60	30	90
"Long"	-	-	120

The price of a Unilos Astra 5 septic tank (76-83 thousand rubles) cannot be called too high, given the good consumer characteristics. This equipment provides a full satisfaction of all the needs for draining for a family of 4-5 people. It retains functionality during salvo discharges up to 250 liters. Electricity consumption does not exceed 60 W per hour.

Aqua Bio

These treatment facilities are capable of processing from 0.7 to 1.5 cubic meters. stocks in 24 hours (5-10 users). The body thickness increased to 25 mm allows it to withstand heavy loads without damage. The manufacturer positions its products as intended for loamy and sandy soils, areas with low groundwater levels. It offers necks of different heights in increments of 100 mm, so choosing the best option is not difficult.

Note! A few years ago, the manufacturer made a rebranding. Now the products of this series are called "BARS-Bio".

Poplar

Modification	Inlet pipe depth, cm	Width x Depth x Height, cm	Processing volume per day, cbm	Permissible volley discharge, l
3	80	112 x 106 x 212.5	0,65	180
5	80	103 x 100 x 248.5	1	250
10	80	192.8 x 112 x 248.5	2	790
50	80	300 x 216 x 300	8,9	1900
150 LONG	140 number of users: 1-36; productivity, m3/day: 0.35-25; depth of the supply pipe, m: 0.3-1.8; withdrawal: gravity and forced; power consumption, W: 40-100. This fact must be taken into account when choosing the appropriate option. In the basic version, the Tver septic tank can be bought inexpensively. But it will be able to perform only the basic functions of a treatment plant. With an expanded configuration, a compressor, pipelines, expanded clay and dolomite backfill, pumps for supplying wastewater and diverting treated water to the relief are added to the composition. Ecopan The production association is the oldest specialized domestic enterprise. The application of the accumulated experience in practice is manifested in good consumer characteristics and reasonable prices. All products of this type are provided with official certificates, a five-year warranty. Model range parameters Units Limit values Number of users Human 2-15 liters 500-3000 Length/Diameter/Height cm 235-525/124-144/144-164 Weight kg 140-3250 Price rub. 66000-178000 Leader This manufacturer creates tanks for local cleaning systems from low-pressure polyethylene. To strengthen the structure, a special arrangement of power elements was used. The relatively low weight simplifies assembly operations. Four stages provide a good level of cleaning. To remove precipitation, the equipment is equipped with an airlift. Model range parameters Units Limit values Maximum one-time reset liters 400-3000 The number of treated wastewater in 24 hours m. cub. 0,2-3,6 Length/Diameter/Height cm 200-480/120-145/150-165 Weight kg 80-300 Power of compressor equipment Tue 40-100 Price rub. 76000-1178000 Note! The prices of Leader septic tanks, as well as similar products from other manufacturers, should be considered taking into account the specific configuration. In this case, we are talking about modern, well-equipped equipment. Comparison of different models The prices below for septic tanks for summer cottages will change over time. However, these data are suitable for objective comparative analysis. Manufacturer/Model Productivity, m3/day Dimensions, cm Weight, kg Price Topol-Eco Group / Topas 5 1 115 x 117 x 250 280 98900 Triton Plastic/Tank-3 1,2 220 x 120 x 200 150 44700 Triton Plastic/Triton-T 2.5 - 120 x 252 - 48000 Multiplast/ Thermite Transformer 2.5 S 1 205 x 105 x 211 145 45000 Unilos/Astra 5 1 103 x 100 x 199.5 250 71600 Granite-M/ Poplar 1 103 x 100 x 248.5 - 83300 TD "Engineering equipment" / Tver - 1 PN 1 300 x 110 x 167 180 112300 Software "Pankom" / Ecopan L5 1 255 x 144 x 164 210 97500 Alexis LLC /Leader 1 1 270 x 145 x 165 150 105000 Note! When creating a septic tank for a house with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account the total cost of construction and ancillary work, the purchase of compressors and other factory products.

Living in a country house allows not only to take a break from the bustle of the city, but also to enjoy nature, clean air, and find peace. But so that nothing interferes with a good rest, you have to take care of arranging the benefits of civilization - plumbing, electricity and sewerage, isn't it?

Are you trying to figure out how to choose a septic tank for a summer residence, so as not to overpay and not miscalculate? We will help you in this matter - our article discusses the types of septic tanks, their structural and functional differences. Indeed, in order to select the optimal utilizer, it is desirable to get acquainted with the existing options.

Manufacturers of sewer equipment offer a variety of options designed to make suburban life easier.

Among the equipment options there are both simple and inexpensive models, as well as rather complex biological wastewater treatment plants.

It is quite difficult to choose one thing, especially if the owner of the dacha faced this issue for the first time.

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It is convenient when a private house is connected to a centralized sewerage system. But if this is not possible, then you should think about installing a local waste disposal system - a septic tank.

It allows you to save the site from pollution, and in some cases it makes it possible to obtain process water from wastewater for watering plants, washing cars, etc.

At the same time, the operation of the septic tank is based on a simple principle.

Whatever the cleaning device, its operation is based on 3 principles:

• sedimentation of large suspensions;
• floatation of light pollutants;
• biological decomposition.

All septic tanks consist of several chambers. The first 2 stages of cleaning take place in the first tank. The branch pipe leading to the next chamber is located in the center, draining water, in which there are no longer suspended suspensions and heavy fractions. The type of biodegradation and its effectiveness depends on the type of apparatus.

On the video you can see the process of water purification in a septic tank:

Types of septic tanks for a private house

The classification of the wastewater treatment system into types is based on the dependence on electricity, the type of biodegradation and the material from which the septic tank is made.

Anaerobic and aerobic varieties

In simpler designs, anaerobic (oxygen-free) decomposition of contaminants occurs in the second and subsequent tanks. Such cleaning is not complete and requires an additional stage of soil filtration: filtration wells or filtration fields.

In them, the remaining contaminants are retained by the filtering backfill, on which a film of microorganisms is additionally formed, continuing the process of biooxidation.

Local treatment plants more complex and efficient designs. They mimic large sewer effluent treatment systems.

There are also several cameras in the LOS. In addition to settling and anaerobic decomposition, such a device has a compartment in which aerobic microorganisms (activated sludge) break down pollution in the presence of oxygen.

After that, the water enters a special sump for the settling of activated sludge, which is pumped out by the airlift into the stabilization compartment. Part of the sludge mass is again fed into the aerobic treatment tank. Precipitated dense sludge must be periodically removed from the tank.

There are also storage tanks in which water does not undergo any treatment other than precipitation. They only collect and periodically remove wastewater. Accumulators can only conditionally be called a septic tank, this is a cesspool - a cheap option to install, suitable only for small country houses with a small amount of drains.

Dependence on electricity

It is important to know this principle of classification of waste disposal systems, since not all country houses have access to an uninterrupted supply of electricity.

1. non-volatile are simple devices where anaerobic oxidation of organic matter is carried out, and water is poured between reservoirs and to the stage of soil post-treatment by gravity.
2. VOCs do not work without electricity necessary for the operation of the compressor supplying air. Also, in many models, wastewater from one chamber to another and activated sludge are pumped by airlifts powered by a compressor.

Anaerobic devices depend on electricity when, due to the nature of the landscape, it is necessary to install a pump to transfer liquid to the soil filtration stage.

What and how to make a septic tank?

Waste treatment tanks can be made from a variety of materials.

1. There is finished plastic tanks. You can also make them yourself from several large-diameter plastic pipes or eurocubes. Mounting such containers is quick and easy, without the involvement of special equipment. They are durable and have become very popular lately.
2. metal containers may be ready. They can also be welded from several sheets. Such tanks are rarely used, mainly when it is necessary to place the container at a great depth. From the inside, to extend the life of the container, it is recommended to treat it with an anti-corrosion compound.
3. brick- budgetary, but physically expensive material. The brick is laid on a concrete base. The cross section can be round and with right angles.
4. Septic tanks from concrete rings- one of the most traditional options. Products with a diameter of about 1 m are used, which are installed on top of each other. For their delivery and installation, it is necessary to hire a truck and a crane. Concrete containers often leak at the junction.

Budget, but not very reliable tanks are made of wood, tires from truck wheels.

When choosing the type and model of the device, it is necessary to correctly make calculations, take into account the features of the site.

An important factor is the price of the finished station.

How to choose a septic tank for a private house?

The simplest and most reliable option is a ready-made plastic septic tank. There are enough companies offering such products now. Before buying or self-constructing a septic tank for a toilet, you need to decide on several parameters.

Performance

The required capacity and volume are determined by the number of inhabitants. If guests will periodically live in the house, then they must also be taken into account in the calculations. On average, one person generates 200 liters of wastewater per day.

For a family of four, equipment with a capacity of 800 liters is required. Since wastewater can be in the tanks for 3 days, then power received must be multiplied by 3 to get the volume value. For our example, we need tank with a volume of 2.4 m 3.

natural conditions

Features of the relief, soil and climatic conditions are also important not only at the installation stage, but also at the purchase stage.

1. You need to know the depth of soil freezing, because the pipeline and its entrance to the tank must be below the zero point. There are special ready-made models with an elongated neck and a low inlet.
2. Samo equipment is recommended to be installed where there is an elevation to protect against atmospheric moisture.
3. If the landscape does not allow gravity to remove effluent from the reservoir, then you need to choose a model with forced evacuation of the purified liquid, in the last chamber of which the pump is located.
4. For clay soils prone to bursting during freezing we need structures with especially strong walls: concrete, plastic with stiffeners.
5. For soil post-treatment, it is especially important to know the type of soil. The best option is sandy soil. In other cases, the arrangement of filtration fields requires a lot of effort.

Cost and popular models

Photo - Tank 2.5

Each owner takes into account the price of the waste disposal device. But here it is better not to save.

The best option is to purchase ready-made equipment.

Below are prices for popular models designed to serve 4-5 people.

1. Popular septic tank with soil aftertreatment Tank 2.5 in full set from 36 thousand rubles.
2. Proven Poplar 5, related to complete biological treatment plants, can be purchased at least 72,000 rubles.
3. Topas 5 also provides a high degree of wastewater treatment. The cost of such equipment about 80,000 rubles.
4. If you are looking for a septic tank for a summer residence, then a good option could be "Triton-mini", with a volume of 750 liters. Together with the soil filtration system, it costs about 22 thousand rubles.
5. More and more positive reviews are gaining and LOS "Unilos Astra-5". You can become the owner of this system for about 80 thousand rubles.

Many users have already seen the reliable operation of these devices. In addition, they are all simple and for self-assembly.

Device and installation of septic tanks

Installing a wastewater treatment device is quite simple, especially a ready-made plastic container, to which instructions are attached. First you need to choose the right place.

1. From the foundation the house to the septic tank must be at least 5 meters. But you don’t need to install too far, otherwise you need a revision well.
2. Distance between trees and a septic tank 3 m.
3. From rivers and reservoirs to the wastewater treatment device should be 30 m, and from wells and wells - 50 m.
4. Roads should not pass over the filtration fields.

As mentioned above, it is important to know the depth of soil freezing, which is indicated in SNIP 2.02.01-83 * for each region of the country. Pipes and soil filtration elements must be located below the zero temperature point.

Based on all these data, a septic tank is installed in accordance with with step by step instructions.

1. They dig trenches under a slope for pipes and a foundation pit for the septic tank itself.
2. A layer of sand 10 mm thick is poured into the ravines, it is rammed, always observing the slope.
3. Construct a sand and, if necessary, a concrete cushion in the pit. It must be even.
4. Install a septic tank exactly.
5. Connect it to the supply pipes, as well as a pipeline leading to soil filtration or a collection tank.
6. Fall asleep pipes and tank. It is important to pour liquid into the container, the water level should be 150 mm above the backfill level.

Sprinkle the tank with a mixture of cement and sand, and the last 30 cm with soil. After that, the system is ready for start-up and operation.

Watch a video on how to make a septic tank with your own hands:

Septic tank maintenance: price

Plastic tanks do not require special care.

1. Once a quarter, the VOC evaluates the sludge. If it is dark and begins to thicken, then it must be removed. To do this, you can use a simple drainage pump.
2. Once every 1-2 years, it is necessary to pump out the sediment from the sump using a sewage machine. At this time, it is recommended to flush the entire tank.
3. Once a week it is worth looking into the hatch of the tank to evaluate the work. This is especially true for aerobic installations.

You can conclude an agreement with a specialized organization for maintenance. A one-time procedure with sludge pumping and equipment revision costs at least 4,000 rubles. The minimum cost of annual maintenance is 15 thousand rubles.

The full range of works and the price for them depends on the model.

Which is better: model characteristics

Model name	Productivity, m 3 / day	Volume, m3	Dimensions	Price, thousand rubles
Eurobion 4	0,8	0,25*	1.0x1.0x2.3	67
Eurobion 5	0,9	0,39*	1.1x1.1x2.4	71
Tank 2	0,8	2,0	1.8x1.2x1.7	29
Tank 2.5	1,0	2,5	2.0x1.2x1.9	33
Triton mini	0,5	0,75	1.3x0.8x1.7	19
Triton-ED	0,6-1,2	1,8	1.2x1.2x1.7	23
Poplar 5	1,1	0,25*	1.0x1.0x2.5(3.0)	80
Poplar 8	1,9	0,47*	1.3x1.0x2.5(3.0)	95
Astra 5	1	0,25*	1.1x1.1x2.4	72
Astra 8	1	0,35*	1.5x1.2x2.4	90

*for VOCs, the volumes of salvo release are indicated.

Installation cost

If you decide to install a septic tank inexpensively, i.e. independently and chose a finished plastic model, then the cost of the finished structure will depend on the price of the model, sand, cement and pipelines.

You can order the installation of a turnkey cleaning system. The minimum cost of such a service is 21 thousand rubles.

But having invested once, you will ensure the reliable operation of the treatment equipment and the cleanliness of the site itself.

For comfort in a country house or in a rural area, you will need to connect water supply and sewerage.

The best option for autonomous collection of wastewater was a septic tank.

The owner of the house faces the problem of choosing the best option of such treatment facilities from the many offered on the market.

What are they like

Compact treatment facilities serving the needs of one house are divided according to several criteria:

• way of working;
• materials used;
• Shape, location and type of installation.

Variety by way of work

For a summer residence or a private house, septic tanks are suitable: from the simplest, accumulative to fully functional, carrying out high-quality complete wastewater treatment.

Cesspool or storage tanks

In fact, such a septic tank is an improved cesspool.

It is a sealed container, the only function of which is to accumulate effluent from the house.

In the chamber, they are divided into fractions– heavy waste sinks to the bottom, light waste, such as fats and oils, accumulates on the surface.

The advantage of this type of autonomous structures is the simplicity of the device.

Main disadvantage storage septic tank - the need for its regular cleaning, for which specialized sewage equipment is involved.

The cesspool option is suitable for a house in which the volume of regular drains is small, for example, for a summer residence, with 2-3 people living and limited water consumption.

The main requirements for a cesspool septic tank- sufficient volume, tightness and high strength of the storage tank.

Their implementation will reduce the frequency of cleaning and protect the environment from the ingress of waste accumulated during operation.

Settling tank with soil post-treatment

Overflow septic tanks are a great option for a home where the daily glass size is small, but people live and use the water supply all the time.

In such structures, in addition to the accumulation of waste, their partial processing and purification takes place.

Removing accumulations for such an installation required much less often - as a rule, overflow septic tanks need the services of vacuum cleaners no more than once every 2-3 years.

Principle of operation

Overflow septic tanks - two-chamber. The first chamber, which receives effluent from the house, acts as a sump.

After partial separation into fractions, water with a minimum content of solids coming, including from under, flows into the second chamber - treatment.

It uses aerobic bacteria that can decompose organic matter to process pollution.

The degree of water purification as a result of their work reaches 60-70%.

Such water is used for irrigation or is discharged into natural reservoirs, undergoing additional purification along the way in soil filtration fields.

They are layers of rocks with high water permeability (gravel or crushed stone with the addition of sand, etc.), which remove pollution according to the principle of mechanical (mesh) filters.

Advantages of such a septic tank:

• ease of maintenance;
• a significant time interval between tank cleanings, due to a decrease in the accumulation of dry residue;
• processing a significant part of the waste contained in the effluents.

Deep biological processing of waste

Such facilities are full-fledged wastewater treatment plants.

They process large volumes and are suitable for a large private house with permanent residence.

At the same time, biochemical septic tanks purify water by almost 100%.

The design uses three chambers:

• to separate the substances contained in the drains (read how to connect the automatic washing machine to the sewer) by fractions;
• biological treatment with the help of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (to ensure the activity of bacteria, additional equipment is used - aerators);
• disinfection using chemicals.

Advantages of three-chamber septic tanks:

• 100% degree of wastewater treatment;
• absence of unpleasant odors when using such installations;
• no restrictions for installation by type of soil and groundwater level;
• minimum costs for installation and time for commissioning - the stations are delivered fully equipped;
• minimal human involvement in the work, since the system is unattended.

For septic tanks with this degree of cleaning, the frequency of replacement of chambers or the selection of dry residue from them is once every 5-8 years, due to its minimal accumulation.

The main disadvantage of such treatment facilities is the high price (how to make a grease trap for sewage with your own hands is written in the article).

Important! If the mode of living in the house involves long breaks, for example, in the summer cottage there are no people in the house during the winter season, septic tanks with biological filters are not installed.

The limitation is due to the fact that without a regular supply of nutrient medium, the cultures of bacteria that process organic waste will die.

What are the criteria for selecting wastewater treatment plants?

Choosing a septic tank for construction or installation of a finished product requires taking into account several important factors.

Performance

The possibility of processing the entire volume of wastewater generated in the house (productivity) is the main technical indicator of a treatment plant.

It depends on the number of people living in the house, and the level of use of plumbing fixtures.

Naturally, in a country house where 2-3 people live in the summer, and the main consumers of water are a wash basin and a shower, the volume of effluents will be much less than in a comfortable cottage intended for permanent residence of a family, with:

• swimming pool,
• multiple bathrooms (),
• with washing machine and dishwasher.

In practice, in terms of performance, septic tanks are selected based on:

• with a daily volume of effluents less than 1 cubic meter, a single-chamber storage septic tank is sufficient;
• if the volume of the drain lies in the range from 1 to 10 cubic meters per day, a two-chamber septic tank with soil filtration is installed;
• with volumes exceeding 10 cubic meters / day, a three-chamber deep cleaning septic tank would be the best option.

Note!

When installing a storage septic tank in the country (read about the laying of external engineering networks and communications on the page), you should take care of its regular cleaning.

If the volume of wastewater turns out to be significant, the call for a sewage truck will have to be done often.

In terms of costs, this can be more expensive than installing a more advanced two- or three-chamber model.

Important! SNiP install the minimum required size of the septic tank chambers. It must contain the amount of waste generated in the house within 3 days.

Type of soil on the site and the depth of groundwater

This factor matters only if the choice is made in favor of a septic tank with post-treatment of water in the filtration fields.

Soils are suitable for its installation with high water permeability. On heavy clay soils, the organization of natural filtration is difficult.

In this case, it will be necessary to excavate part of the soil, replacing it with a mixture of crushed stone and sand. Carrying out these works will require time and a significant amount of investment.

Septic tank of biological and chemical treatment will be more profitable.

Comment! For the organization of a storage septic tank, the type of soil only affects the labor intensity of work on preparing the site and building the structure.

Sorting by materials of manufacture

For autonomous treatment facilities, septic tanks are built on site or purchased industrial options.

The first include brick septic tanks, monolithic or precast concrete, improvised materials.

More expensive, but, undoubtedly, absolutely, a ready-made septic tank will become a reliable option.

In the assortment of manufacturers - stations with cases made of polymers or fiberglass.

Advantages of purchased products:

• a wide choice of performance - from mini-septic tanks, sufficient for a house with 1-2 people, to semi-industrial plants that can process the effluents of a small village;
• absolute reliability and tightness;
• delivery of ready-to-work devices, thereby reducing the time to commission the plant;
• complete set with all necessary equipment and means of cleaning.

Attention! Septic tanks with housings made of polymers or fiberglass require protection from floating when the groundwater level rises and destruction under pressure of soil masses or displacement of soil layers.

For this purpose, purchased stations are installed in concrete pits, and they are anchored - fastening the tanks to the walls and bottom of the pit with nylon straps.

Installation options

Both purchased installations and septic tanks of our own manufacture are carried out in vertical and horizontal versions.

Vertical structures are designed for installation with deepening into the ground.

This is their problem - on heavy soils or when groundwater is close to the surface, installation work is laborious and requires the use of special equipment and special techniques to ensure reliability and environmental safety.

Horizontal septic tanks are usually an option for surface mounting.

To ensure the required performance (flow volume), such structures occupy a significant area, which creates additional problems for limited land ownership spaces (for example, in summer cottages).

How to understand which septic tank is best for a house with permanent, year-round living? Watch the video and get answers to your questions about efficient household waste collection and recycling equipment.

How to choose a septic tank for a private house

In the absence of the ability to connect to a centralized sewage line, the owners of country houses have to take care of arranging local wastewater treatment systems. Septic tanks can help with this without affecting the environment. There are many types of such devices. Therefore, those who decide to install a local sewage system in their area have a question about which device is better to choose.

Types of septic tanks

The main classification of systems for the disposal of wastewater from a private house is based on the principle of operation.

Storage tanks are the easiest option. They are sealed containers. In these containers, sewage enters and accumulates there, which must be pumped out, periodically calling a sewage truck.

Sewage storage tanks

Septic tank with cleaning

Biological wastewater treatment

Compressor for septic tank HIBLOW HP-150

Note! It is necessary to choose a place on the site for the placement of septic tanks that carry out aerobic or anaerobic wastewater treatment, taking into account sanitary rules.

There are ready-made versions of various companies on the market, but with certain skills, you can make them yourself, for example, from concrete rings. The material, along with the design and other important parameters, is one of the factors that are taken into account when choosing a septic tank.

Online calculator for the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of inhabitants and the mode of water use

What should be considered when choosing a waste disposal device?

Before buying a septic tank, you need to answer a few questions.

1. How many people will live in the house, what sanitary equipment will be installed? These factors determine the performance and volume of the septic tank.
2. What are the features of the soil?
3. What is the planned budget?
4. Is it possible to connect to electricity?
5. Can you make a septic tank yourself or do you prefer to buy a ready-made device?

How many people will live in the house

This setting affects performance. To determine it, you need to multiply the number of inhabitants by 200 liters, because that is how many drains per day, according to the standard, form one person.

Wastewater stays in the treatment plant for about three days. Therefore, productivity must be tripled in order to obtain the required volume of the station. It is also necessary to take into account the possibility of the arrival of guests, as well as decide whether the house will have such sanitary equipment as a bathtub, dishwasher and washing machine.

The number of residents affects the type of building chosen and the design features.

If it is planned to live in a house with a small family only in the summer, then the drive will be enough. To service a year-round home, you should choose a cleaning station.

The number of users determines the number of soil-filtered septic tanks. So, for a house in which 3 people will live, a single-chamber septic tank is enough. If more than 1 but less than 10 m3 of wastewater is generated per day, it is recommended to install a device from two tanks.

Aeration stations do best with large volumes.

Features of natural conditions

The depth of penetration of the primer and the type of soil determine whether it is possible to equip a soil filtration stage that will work effectively only on sandy loams and sands and low GWL.

The scheme of occurrence of groundwater

It is possible to install post-treatment on loam and clay, but these works will require a lot of time, money and physical costs.

The design features of septic tanks depend on the depth of soil freezing. A large neck allows you to deepen the device. Among the finished products there are options for installation in the ground with a deep point of zero temperatures.

Septic tank with sealed chambers

If you need to install a drive on heavily freezing soils, then you should give preference to vertical tanks. But in areas with a nearby primer, it is better to mount horizontal storage tanks.

Scheme of installation of a vertical septic tank

With a significant amount of wastewater and unsuitable natural conditions, it is better to choose a biological treatment plant. True, their cost will be higher.

Local sewerage costs

The amount of money that the owner of the house can allocate for the arrangement of the sewer system remains one of the main parameters for choosing a septic tank.

The most expensive are prefabricated plastic treatment plants, especially those that aerate wastewater. There are models produced in Russia and proven by users: Topas, Astra. You can also purchase European septic tanks, for example, Uponor. On average, biotreatment stations cost 80-100 thousand rubles.

If natural conditions allow, then you can opt for ready-made septic tanks with soil aftertreatment. Among such devices, the most popular are the Tank treatment plants, which cost about 35-50 thousand rubles, excluding the additional stage. An oxygen-free septic tank can also be equipped from improvised materials, for example, from eurocubes, especially if you purchase used containers that cost about 4-5 thousand rubles.

The design of a septic tank from eurocubes

The cheapest option is storage tanks.

The price of the finished product is also affected by what it is made of.

1. Concrete rings are a traditional and inexpensive material for septic tanks. But for their installation it is necessary to hire lifting equipment, which is not cheap.
2. Ready-made plastic septic tanks are also often used, they are more expensive, but they can be released into the pit by 1-2 people. In addition, you can make a tank from a thick-walled pipe of large diameter or use eurocubes.

Note! Plastic products are exposed to the ascent under groundwater pressure, so they must be installed on a concrete base, to which the container is attached.

How to choose a septic tank for a private house
Find out how to choose a septic tank for a private home. Types of septic tanks, performance and other characteristics of the treatment plant, site parameters. A photo

To save yourself from the need to inhale odors from cesspools, it makes sense to buy a septic tank for a private house, having previously studied its features and giving preference to a specific variety. The device will save the residents of the house from any trouble. With the constant residence of a large number of people on the territory of a private house, the drain pit simply cannot cope with the task and it will need an assistant, who can become a septic tank.

What is a septic tank

Private houses or country cottages differ from ordinary apartments in that there is no central sewage system and a special device will be required to remove household water. A septic tank is a sealed container in which liquid waste accumulates. The function of biological treatment is available to some models, but they cannot be classified as full-fledged treatment facilities.

What is it needed for

Owners of country houses, when arranging sewage, must ensure that wastewater is treated, taking into account sanitary standards and soil characteristics. A reliable option would be a septic tank, also called a septic tank, whose function is to accumulate and purify waste leaving the premises. It passes impurities through itself, not allowing it to penetrate the soil. Before you make a septic tank in a private house, you should understand its structure and operation.

Device

When building a cottage, it is necessary to pay special attention to the arrangement of an autonomous sewage system, since there is no central one according to the project. The device of a septic tank in a private house allows you to solve problems with the removal of household waste and their cleaning. The work is carried out in three stages:

• Sewerage from a private house is collected in sealed plastic containers of a local treatment plant.
• Inside the septic tank, particles are separated into heavy and light particles. The former settle at the bottom of the well, while the latter enter the next compartment.
• Aerobic purification is not always possible, so anaerobic purification often occurs. Impurities are filtered, and the formed methane is removed by means of an exhaust pipe.

Types of septic tanks for a private house

Local treatment facilities are divided into two large groups - old and new. The first group is represented by brick septic tanks and reinforced concrete structures. These types for private houses are used less frequently due to time, power and material costs. However, concrete structures are considered more durable. The new ones include ready-made plastic septic tanks for the home, which have several more subspecies. Of the undoubted advantages, one can single out the cheapness, practicality of plastic, and the lightness of the product.

Cumulative

Manufacturers of septic tanks installed in private homes understand that it is impossible to do without a sewer system, so they offer a wide choice. The use of special tanks often becomes a solution to the problem. A storage septic tank is a container where household water flows through pipes, pumped out as it fills. Calculations of the volume of liquid must be made independently and, based on this, order a storage tank of the desired size. This option has a number of features:

• Installation of drainage wells is not required, which has a positive effect on the cost of the system.
• The tank itself for a private house will be expensive, despite the simplicity of the device.
• The owner of the house can independently decide where the septic tank will be installed. However, everything needs to be thought out so that the entrance of the sewage truck is unhindered.
• It will be expensive to pump out waste, therefore, if domestic water accumulates quickly, then a single-chamber septic tank is not your option!

It is impossible to ensure a comfortable life for permanent residence in a private house without sewerage. Bioseptic with the help of special bacteria solves the problem of wastewater treatment, giving a kind of guarantee of soil safety. The process looks like this:

1. Sewage enters the first chamber of a popular septic tank, undergoing primary treatment there. There is a separation of large particles and fats that settle on the bottom.
2. Waste is sent to the second tank of the three-chamber septic tank, where cleaning continues more actively.
3. The sludge enters the first chamber, and the treated effluents enter the third, where the final and main stage takes place.
4. Completely purified water through the secondary sump enters the well.

With post-treatment

Waste that has passed through a septic tank cannot be considered completely clean water that can be dumped into a reservoir or soil. Sometimes soil cleaning is indispensable. The design of a treatment plant for a private house depends on various parameters: the characteristics of wastewater and soil. Soil filtration is more costly, as you will need to install:

• absorbent trench,
• sand and gravel filter,
• filter well,
• filter fields.

Septic tanks for the home

It is not easy to make a choice from the assortment available for sale. Initially, the eye falls on those devices that are cheap:

• Name: KNS Unipump Sanivort.
• Price: 11328 rubles.
• Characteristics: the device pumps out sewage, accumulating them in the tank.
• Pros: low price.
• Cons: small capacity.

More serious septic tanks installed in private homes are many times more expensive. However, they are often worth it:

• Title: EcoProm Rostock.
• Price: 55900 rubles.
• Characteristics: design containing a biological filter for wastewater treatment.
• Pros: high degree of purification.
• Cons: large dimensions.

There are entire autonomous stations for deep biological treatment. In a private house, they will be appropriate:

• Name: Unilos Astra 3.
• Price: 66300 rubles.
• Characteristics: container for collecting and filtering sewage, occurring in several stages.
• Pros: Easy to use, does the job well.
• Cons: none.

The cost of installing a septic tank

Retail and online stores are full of sales, promotions and discounts. Before you install a septic tank to filter waste in a private house, you need to purchase it. It is not recommended to order delivery by mail, it is better to use the services of a transport company. You can buy a septic tank for a house, depending on its variety, at a price of 12,000 to 70,000 rubles. However, buying is half the battle. Installation costs may vary.

Septic tank for a private house: how to choose, reviews
A septic tank for a private house is a solution to problems with sewage and getting rid of the unpleasant odors of liquid waste. Learn about the types of devices and why you can't do without it.

A practical and successful version of the sewerage device on its site - a septic tank - is a type of treatment plant that allows you to clean and dispose of wastewater. How to choose the right septic tank for a private house? The owner of a country dwelling usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance. The last factor will determine how effectively the product will cope with its intended purpose. The variety of these treatment facilities on the modern market will make even the most sophisticated consumer in these matters confused. Local installation, included in the sewer system and used to collect, settle and purify polluted water from the home. For an ordinary country house, they are of the following types:

Filling type - the structure can be made independently using concrete rings, Eurocube, etc.,

Settling tanks with post-treatment through the ground,

Installations for deep cleaning.

When choosing the best option for a septic tank, you should also pay attention to the material of its manufacture, the type of soil where it will be installed, the purpose of the dwelling (for stationary or seasonal residence).

Types of septic tanks for a country house

Previously, when the production of plastic septic tanks was not so massive, reinforced concrete structures were more popular, which were assembled in stages. Cleaning systems made of metal were also used. Today, wastewater treatment most often occurs with the help of ready-made plastic installations. These products are reliable and durable. A high level of sealing ensures the environmental safety of the installations. Depending on the performance characteristics, they are classified according to different criteria.

By type of filtration

The classic storage option is an analogue of a conventional settling pit into which wastewater flows.

Accumulative model of a septic tank U1250 with a volume of 1250 l (Cost about 25,000 rubles)

In such tanks, water is stored until it is pumped out by a sewage machine. Storage plants require regular cleaning. Although the cost of such containers is small, but the frequent call of machines for cleaning is an expensive “pleasure”. Therefore, such a choice can hardly be called economical.

With soil cleaning - this option defends and cleans drains through a special drainage field.

Model Rostock 1000 with a volume of 1000 liters (Cost about 25,000 rubles)

Water is thrown out, and sediment remains in the tank itself, which must be removed 2-3 times a year using special equipment. As a result of treatment in such a septic tank, the water becomes 60-85% cleaner. Energy independence and ease of operation are the advantages of such a structure. But it cannot be installed in areas with high aquifers due to poor cleaning through soil filters.

Septic tank with deep biological treatment - in this case, you can achieve a high level of wastewater treatment (98-99%) and even reuse the liquid for household needs or for watering the garden.

Model Dochista Profi H5 with a volume of 1000 liters (Cost about 65,000 rubles)

In this option, all types of wastewater treatment are used: chemical, biological, mechanical. Such tanks can be installed in any type of soil, they do not rot and can serve for several decades. The disadvantages of biological septic tanks include their energy dependence. Therefore, in areas where power is often turned off, it will be difficult to achieve the normal functioning of the installation.

Scheme of operation of a gravity-flow wastewater treatment system

By material

From reinforced concrete - this option can be chosen for houses where they live off-season, that is, all year round. They serve for a long time, but need good waterproofing and are quite difficult to install.

Plastic containers can be installed in areas where the groundwater level is high. Plastic septic tanks for a private house are not subject to corrosion and are not afraid of the influence of aggressive environments.

Metal tanks are made of stainless steel. However, compared to plastic and concrete counterparts, they are not so durable and practical. In addition, such septic tanks are quite expensive.

A horizontal septic tank is most often chosen for areas where water from the ground rises high in the autumn-spring period.

The horizontal container has the form of a cylinder and is made of plastic or stainless steel. Suitable for installing a country house with a large amount of wastewater (10 or more cubic meters).

A vertical septic tank burrows deeper than a horizontal tank.

Such products are suitable for installation in a sewerage system with a small amount of wastewater (up to 2 cubic meters). However, such a tank is more airtight than the horizontal version.

Sometimes a combined version of horizontal and vertical septic tanks is used, where each tank is responsible for certain wastewater from the bathroom, kitchen or toilet.

By location

Underground - a more common version of the design, which is buried to a certain depth. At the same time, the landscape of the site is not affected.

The ground version of the structure is used if the geology of the site does not allow the installation of an underground version due to the high level of groundwater. In this case, the septic tank will spoil the landscape of the site, so it should be mounted away from the viewing angle.

What to consider when choosing a septic tank

In order to choose the right and buy a septic tank for a country house or a dwelling located in the private sector, you should take into account the purpose of the premises itself.

If the house will be used only during a certain season, then a simpler version of the sewage treatment plant will do.

Water consumption per day is also taken into account. Based on this indicator, the required performance of the septic tank is determined. Water consumption depends on the number of people living in the house.

Soil characteristics are also taken into account. The possibility of installation on site should be determined. After all, the territory itself must meet sanitary standards: the distance from the septic tank to the residential building is 5 meters, from the septic tank to the well or well - 30 meters. If the site is small, then it is unlikely to meet all the necessary requirements. In this case, preference should be given to a more expensive option - sewage with biological treatment.

The location of the septic tank on the site

At the site where the storage tank is installed, entrances for a sewage truck should be provided.

Best option: summary

To correctly choose a septic tank for a country house, you should take into account all the recommendations and make the necessary calculations. The current budget also matters, because some types are more expensive, but are not always an appropriate construction option in a particular situation. An optimally selected design model will be a guarantee of environmental safety and cleanliness of the soil, and timely maintenance of the tank and pumping out wastewater (if provided for by the instructions) will extend its service life for a long time. The best option for a sewer tank will allow you to build a high-quality sewer system on the site and significantly improve living conditions in a private house.

Which septic tank to choose for a private house?
How to choose the right septic tank for a private house? The owner of a country dwelling usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance.

An overview article on how to correctly choose the right septic tank for a private house.

First: proceed from their number of people who will use the septic tank

Each person will need at least two hundred liters per day, that is, if there are five people in the family, then the septic tank for a three-day stay in it should have a volume of at least three cubic meters.

It is also worth considering the volume of salvo discharge of water, it comes from several sources at once (this is a bath, shower, sinks, toilets). If you calculate the water consumption incorrectly and exceed the flow volume, this will affect the quality of water treatment.

Second: Frequency of use

Aeration units such as "Unilos", "Topas", "Astra", "Bioxi" are perfect for year-round operation. If the flow of effluents ceases, then the activity of microorganisms is inhibited.

In order to use the septic tank occasionally, it is necessary to bring additional food into the sewer, most often it is semolina, pet food, kefir. After receiving top dressing, the activated sludge biocenosis is restored, and the septic tank is operating normally.

Third: a way to divert the drain

Usually there are three ways to remove wastewater:

• Into the ground - this method is suitable if the soil consists of sand or is sandy loam. Drains go into a filter well with a crushed stone or gravel cushion at the bottom,
• In the "stormwater" - this method is suitable if the degree of filtration is approaching 98%, since you can get a fine for water pollution. The method is appropriate when your site has soil that does not absorb water well, for example, clay, or if you have an excessively high level of groundwater,
• In an intermediate well - the method is suitable for several houses sharing one station. This well is built of concrete, and water does not leave it, it is dumped onto the terrain using a drainage pump.

The discharge of water into a common ditch is prohibited due to the fact that aeration stations cannot completely destroy helminth eggs. Therefore, there is a risk of infecting other residents with intestinal diseases.

Fourth: The depth to which the soil freezes in winter

You can find out how much the soil freezes in your area by focusing on SNiP 23-01-99. For example, in the Moscow region, the soil freezes by 1.4 m.

That is, if you plan to use a septic tank in the winter, you need to lay it below the freezing point, otherwise you risk an accident.

Fifth: Station cost

The Topas and Astra brands are similar and have approximately the same price tag. The differences between them relate to design features (one compressor is installed in Topas, and two in Astra), the number of modifications in the depth of the underwater pipe, and the hull material. Bioksi stations provide for the possibility of processing a larger volume of runoff with a similar number of users. Therefore, the price tag for the products of this brand is slightly higher. For a private house, the option is optimal.

Also on the market there is a firm "Tver", which offers a combined type of treatment systems. These septic tanks have a chamber for anaerobic processes. In fact, it is a complex of a septic tank and an aeration unit. These systems are ideal for occasional use, but they are more expensive.

How do treatment plants work?

The compressor supplies small air bubbles to the aeration tanks, which cause oxidation. Then the wastewater is pumped into a biofilter or aeration tank, and the remaining organic matter is destroyed in it. If you have an aeration tank, then in it a mixture of water and sludge is sent to a secondary sump, where the effluent is separated into water and sludge, and bacteria are involved in the processing of organic matter. Aerobic bacteria are used here. The biofilter, in turn, uses anaerobic bacteria that can exist in an oxygen-free environment, therefore, oxygen supply to the chamber is not necessary. Purified water is either removed by gravity or with the help of special mechanisms, sludge remains.

Overview of units on the market

Consider the most popular settings.

Topas Station

Domestic production, one of the first in Russia.

His work is based on the combination of biological treatment with fine bubble aeration (artificial air supply) for more efficient and faster oxidation of domestic wastewater constituents. Biological purification is the biochemical destruction of organic substances by microorganisms (bacteria). In this type of installation, aerobic bacteria are used, due to them, the processes of biochemical destruction of organic substances occur.

Septic tanks of this company have a large number of modifications:

• Based on the number of people living, modifications have been developed for four, five, six, eight, nine, ten or more people who live in a private house, in a country house, in a cottage,
• Modifications that take into account the depth of the pipe that leads the drains out of the house,
• Septic tank models can have one or two compressors,
• Septic tank models may have a drainage pump,
• In addition to modifications for the house, the company has developed septic tanks for a holiday village, a camp site, a country community with a capacity of fifty, seventy, one hundred, one hundred and fifty inhabitants.

You can safely choose the products of this brand, since this is one of the most thoughtful companies with many options, and the company's consultants will select the option that suits you, taking into account the characteristics of your site and your needs.

The positive aspects of using the autonomous wastewater treatment plant "Topas" include:

• A wide product line, you can choose a model based on the number of people living, modifications have been developed for areas with a high level of groundwater, as well as a number of other interesting solutions,
• Increased strength of the product, squeezing the station with soil is excluded, extrusion is also impossible,
• Very easy to operate, easy to manage by yourself, and no need to spend money on maintenance,
• The station is silent
• A very high degree of water purification, which allows the discharge of water into reservoirs or into a gutter.

Among the minuses of Topas brand stations are:

Choosing a septic tank for a private house
The article discusses general approaches to choosing a septic tank for a private house and a summer residence, as well as an overview of the Topas, Tank and Unilos models.