Series 5 floors. What are the series of brick houses? The most common cases of redevelopment

During the reign of Khrushchev, many innovations began that affected the housing issue. Citizens, in his opinion, had to move from the terrible conditions of communal apartments to more comfortable, individual housing.

An active program has begun to build entire microdistricts with the same typical five-story buildings. Such brick Khrushchev- the layout of which now causes slight sarcasm, at that time seemed to many a luxury.

Building Features

Low (2.5 - 2.6 m) ceilings, adjoining rooms, a combined bathroom, a sit-down bath and an entrance hall where two people can hardly disperse. According to these signs, you can immediately determine the type of apartment, just entering it. The construction of Khrushchev continued until the mid-80s, and occasionally there were houses of the same series, but with a more prestigious layout, 8 or even 9 floors.

Now many of them are recognized as emergency and are gradually being demolished, although there are buildings that are very well preserved. Some were built of concrete blocks, but the main part was still built of brick.

Among of this type met houses with a more prestigious layout. This is predominately the I-528 series, with well-lined walls, higher ceiling (2.70 m), carefully inserted window frames and parquet floors.

The I-335 series is considered less respectable, the load-bearing walls in them are insulated mineral wool, but partitions only a few centimeters thick let all the noise through. An adjacent bathroom and a small balcony, or even its absence, do not add any pluses.

Brick houses of other series

Brezhnevka. A little later, in the 70s, during the Brezhnev stagnation, there appeared new program And new layout apartments in brick houses 5 floors. Many began to call them "improved slums", as the kitchen was already a little larger, the hallway was a little wider, and the ceilings were slightly higher, reaching 2.7 m. Many houses were already equipped with an elevator and a garbage chute, which added convenience. Often there were also panel ones, but the brick, nevertheless, remained a priority. Large loggia, often - pantry, separate rooms.
Houses of a later era. These are buildings erected from the late 80s to the present. Projects have become so diverse that now it is quite difficult to find two similar apartments.

Note! Recently, buildings made according to individual projects, as well as houses with elite apartments, have begun to appear. As a rule, they are not built higher than five floors, and this, in part, adds respectability to the owners.

Features and advantages of a brick five-story building

Does not heat up in the summer, as a result of which enough comfortable temperature even in the heat. In winter, in the house.
The standard layout of a 5-storey brick house implies good thermal and sound insulation. An exception may be at home enough old building, where interior partitions very thin.
Often on different floors you can find apartments with a different layout from each other. Quite often in Khrushchev houses even hinged balconies were built, starting only from the second floor or not in all apartments.
Often in five-story buildings, apartments with an improved layout are equipped with both a balcony and a loggia, which is very convenient for the owners.

Bearing walls with a thickness of at least 64 cm and a reinforced foundation give a sense of reliability. The house does not shrink and the likelihood of distortion is minimal, even on mobile soils and in the vicinity of groundwater.
Holes for ventilation are made inside the walls. Therefore, there are no boxes spoiling the interior. In many old five-story buildings, ventilation is provided even under the floor covering, this prevents dampness and mold in the cold season.
Apartments in brick houses are very convenient for almost any redevelopment.

Note! For example, redevelopment of Khrushchev 2 rooms in a brick house will cost almost two times cheaper and faster than in a concrete one. There is no need to demolish the load-bearing walls with a puncher, the excess can be carefully removed with a chisel and a hammer.

The environmental friendliness of housing is also important. As you know, a person feels much better in houses made of natural material. Plants and animals grow and develop better, this is confirmed by many years of research.
In a brick building, it is possible to equip a two-level apartment. This is very difficult to do in analogues made of concrete.
In regions with increased seismic activity, homeowners can live in peace. A house with a reliable foundation and thick walls will stand firmly without even cracking (see also the article).

redevelopment

A house built of brick is not only valued higher, it is much easier to remake an apartment to your liking in such housing. For example, redevelopment of a three-room Khrushchev in a brick house will take only a few days. As is known, concrete walls it is very difficult to remove, and demolition of supporting structures is generally prohibited.

Much less in brick houses bearing walls, and the interior partitions are quite thin. They are most often removed by the owners who started repairs.

This will not bring much harm to the house as a whole, but apartment owners can gain a lot by redoing an unsatisfactory layout. Moreover, it is worth redoing the apartment of the old layout, where much is inconvenient for everyday life.

The most common cases of redevelopment

What is most often done and how is it more profitable to use even a small usable area?

Often two or three adjacent rooms are combined into one. This will not only visually, but also actually increase the area and expand the space. Interior partitions are removed, and the resulting room can be zoned to your liking.
Often, absolutely all the walls are removed, making a studio apartment out of housing. This is quite a trendy trend. But it is worth considering that if the house is too old, the floors will become weaker from this. This can partly threaten the safety of both the owners themselves and their neighbors.
If you have a very old layout: 5 storey brick house, most likely, it is not equipped with a good loggia. IN best case may be small balcony which can be used. It is desirable to glaze and insulate well. Insulation, if possible, is done outside to save a small space. With well-done work, you will get an extra room.

Very often they combine the kitchen with the living room. This profitable option especially if the kitchen is small. The resulting room can be simply divided into zones. Often, a do-it-yourself bar counter plays the role of a boundary between spaces. It is both fashionable and beautiful, and convenient, especially if friends often come to you.
The kitchen overlooking the balcony or loggia can also be expanded. It is not necessary to completely remove the doorway. You can arrange it in the form of a wide arch, it will formally divide the rooms, and at the same time decorate the interior. The cooking area can be placed on the balcony, and the dining room can be placed in the former kitchen space.
A walk-through bathroom is a common inconvenience in old Khrushchev houses. At the same time, the user can get to the kitchen only by passing from the hallway through the bathroom. Many solve this problem by using ordinary building bricks and laying the passage. Entrance to kitchen room equip with a living room. Given the lack of other options, this is not optimal, but the way out.
Expansion of the hallway or cramped corridor - actual problem. As a rule, a bathroom is adjacent to the corridor. Moreover, it is usually indecently small in size, and you can barely fit in it. In this case, although the instructions forbid it, it is possible to combine the toilet with the bathroom, and move the hallway apart, removing unnecessary partitions.
The sitz bath is another sign of an old building. Moreover, the room usually does not allow replacing it with a standard design. For those who like to take a shower, there is an option to install a shower stall. This will give you extra space and save you from the old unprepossessing bathtub of the 60s.

Redevelopment and law

If you are going to remake the apartment inside to your liking, do not forget that not everything and not always is allowed by the world. It doesn’t matter what years of construction, and what series your house is, the design is provided for by the plan and should not be violated without the appropriate permission.

Moreover, the alteration is fraught with consequences if you interfere with the design of the old fund. The fact is that in most cases, the floors, as well as the interior partitions of Khrushchev and Brezhnevka, are made of wood.

The material loses its strength over time, some fragments may already be rotten and fairly deformed. By demolishing additional reinforcing walls, you thereby weaken the main ones.

Even if a solid double was used to build a house silicate brick M 150, this is no reason to relax. It will be necessary to coordinate the repair not only with the neighbors, but also with the housing inspection.

You will need to provide the organization with an architectural design developed by the design bureau, as well as PPM 508 documentation in edition 840-PP. After reviewing your plans and documents and obtaining official permission in writing reconstruction can begin.

In the houses of the new fund, apartments with an arbitrary layout are often found. On the one hand, this is convenient, because you will no longer have to redo the old, but only supplement the missing.

But with the coordination, difficulties may arise, since the inspection will be carried out after the reconstruction. And the price of such a problem is not always the approval and permission from the organization, as a result of which you will have to eliminate some designs.

Output

1957-1962: First batch of episodes

Series I- 515 (5-floor panel, 9-floor - in the 70s)

Multi-section, panel residential building with ordinary and end sections.
In house 1, 2, 3 room apartments.
Ceiling height 2.48 m.
Exterior walls are claydite-concrete panels-blocks 400 mm thick.
Internal - concrete panels of thickness. 270 mm.
Partitions gypsum concrete panels 80 mm thick.
Ceilings reinforced concrete multi-hollow panels 220 mm thick.

Had a continuation as a mass 9-storey series
and experimentally - 12-storey.

As a rule, they are relatively well preserved.
Reconstructed series

Reconstruction project for a 5-storey residential building series 1-515
without resettling residents.

Series II-32 (5-story panel)

II-32 - a series of panel five-story multi-section residential buildings,
one of the first series of industrial housing construction, the basis of some areas
mass housing development of the 60s.
Distinctive feature:
the balconies rest on supports extending from the foundation to the last floor.

There are no elevators in the houses, but garbage chutes are usually present.
Heating, cold and hot water supply - centralized.
The houses provide 1, 2 and 3-room apartments with separate and combined bathrooms,
three apartments per floor.
Ceiling height - 2.60 m.
The outer walls of the facades are made of vibro-brick panels with a thickness of 320 mm
with insulation from large-porous expanded clay concrete.
Internal walls - vibrobrick panels in one brick.
Calculations showed that the bearing properties of vibro-brick panels are twice as high,
than ordinary wall brick, however, due to the smaller thickness and greater
filling voids with mortar, many positive properties were lost.
Ceilings and external end walls are reinforced concrete panels.

There is also a version of the II-32 series houses with small apartments.
Several of these houses can be found on Zelenogradskaya Street. in Moscow.
In this case, there are no balconies, the ends are deaf, consisting of 4 panels,
and in the entrance there can be 8-10 apartments per floor.
Part facade panels has two narrow vertical windows - these are kitchen windows
two neighboring apartments at the same time.
After the end of the production of panels for the II-32 series, another
several dozen houses with small apartments,
but already with purely brick walls.

Destroyed series. Interesting comparatively great height floors.
As a rule, they are quite significantly worn out, the Nodes were especially affected,
balcony supports and roofing.

The most massive and most unsuccessful series in terms of durability.
Practically demolished. Only a few copies remain. See the link in the title for more.

Series I-335 (5-story panel, partial frame)

Most common throughout former USSR a series of panel 5-storey residential buildings.
In the form of individual inclusions are found even in Moscow. The first house in this series was built in
Cherepovets. The largest number houses of this series can be found in St. Petersburg-
Leningrad. There they were produced by Polyustrovskiy DSK. The series was recognized as the most unsuccessful of all
a series of residential buildings designed under Khrushchev. However, oddly enough, they were not included in the list.
houses demolished in Moscow in the first place. The houses of this series were built from 1958 to 1966,
after which they switched to the construction of the modernized series 1-335A, 1-335AK, 1-335K and 1-335D,
which were produced until the late 1980s.

Relative of K7 by design. Has similar problems.

"About the main complexity of the reconstruction work of panel housing
mass series will be semi-frame structures with external load-bearing walls and
inner row of columns, i.e. basic series I-335, widely used
until 1966."

In Moscow, presented in a single copy of the 5th st. Falcon Mountain

The external difference between the 1-335 series and other series in Moscow is wide windows
(double-leaf windows look square), iron 4-pitched roof
and elongated windows almost the entire height of the panel on the stairwells.
The end walls consist of 4 panels with windows on the outer ones.
Usually there is an external fire escape at one of the ends of the house.
In another modification, including which he built
Polyustrovskiy DSK (it is also found in the Moscow region)
may be flat roof no attic at all. There are 4 apartments on the site.

1-2-3-room apartments, ceiling height - 2.55 m. The central room is a walk-through.
Bathroom combined. Water, - and - centralized heat supply.

- spatial rigidity and stability of frame-panel buildings
provided by the joint work of floor panels, columns
and stiffening diaphragms in the form of prefabricated reinforced concrete walls,
interconnected and with metal columns
connections on welding or bolts;

Semi-framed residential buildings of the I-335 series are almost everywhere
are now in a pre-emergency state with almost exhausted reliability
design scheme, therefore, first of all, need to be strengthened
and increasing the rigidity of the system of supporting structures of the entire building as a whole.

Series I-464 (5-floor panel)

The construction of the 464 series of houses began in 1960.
However, these houses did not receive wide distribution,
In addition, the 464 series had a small step of transverse carriers.
walls 2.6-3.2 m. The house of the 464-series was 3
sectional five-story house. Section consists of 4 apartments
on the floor: one 1-room, one two-room
(with adjoining rooms) and two 3-room
(with adjoining-separate rooms) apartments.
The main characteristics of the 464-series:

Bearing wall thickness: 0.35 m
Load-bearing wall material: concrete with ceramic tiles
Ceilings: reinforced concrete, flat per room. (See attached drawings)
Kitchen area: 5-6 m2

Main disadvantages: poor layouts,
small kitchens, thin load-bearing external walls, thin coverings,
moral and physical aging of buildings of the series.

Building construction:
External walls are foam block 400 mm.
Internal panel thicknesses 200.
Partitions - gypsum concrete panels 160, 80 mm thick.
Overlappings - panels 140 mm thick.

A very rare and interesting project. Unlike its progenitor 439a, the very same walls with floor support that we see now in modern monoliths are used here. IN
Moscow did not come across to me ...

And the rest is the standard set of options at that time ...

Well, using these drawings, you can easily understand constructive solution building.

Well, the architectural concepts are presented below.

Reconstruction project for a 5-storey residential building series 1-511 without resettlement of residents for mass

II-29 (9-storey brick)

House type - panel
Floors - 5
Apartments - 1,2,3 rooms
Floor height - 250mm
Three-layer outer panels
Ceilings per room 140mm thick
Manufacturer - until 1962 Giprostroyindustriya trust, further DSK-2
Years of construction - 1958-1966
Distribution cities - Moscow, Dolgoprudny,

Series1605 (5-floor panel)

In the history of large-panel development in Moscow, there are one-day ones, like the already considered II35th & K7th and centenarians. Undoubtedly, the 1605 series, originally developed and produced by the GIPROSTROYINDUSTRIY trust, also belongs to the centenarians. The first versions of the series appeared in 1958, a little late compared to the K-7. BUT latest version built in 1985. when they were already building 44M in full. The record held for a long time and only in last years was beaten by the P44 and P3 series, but at the same time, the 1605th kept the record in conditions of fierce competition with the series of other authors and sometimes changed beyond recognition.

to be continued...

Previous series:

Most houses in cities are typical brick buildings, with apartments of standard layouts.

A series of Stalin-style houses - buildings made of light-colored bricks or mineralized panels. This project stands out for the presence of an excellent layout, a significant height of the ceilings. For external works frequently used materials granite chips. Such houses are distinguished by towers of the "Kremlin" type.

The construction of stalinok started in the 30s of the XX century. Similar structures were built individual developments, but a lot typical houses. Such structures bear little resemblance to the structures of the old fund.

Khrushchev is a panel, brick or block construction. The initiator of such buildings was N. S. Khrushchev, they are completely devoid of any excesses in the design and construction. They were built until 1972 inclusive, and in some areas - until 1980.

Distinctive characteristics of such buildings:

ceiling height - 2.5 - 2.6 m;
at all small kitchens, bathrooms;
predominantly the layout of 2 rooms is adjacent.

After 2000, houses with 5 floors began to be demolished. Khrushchevs in 8 and 9 floors were not subject to demolition. The first buildings of Khrushchev houses are houses of the 1-335 series. They were erected in many cities of the USSR. Due to the lack of thermal insulation, such buildings are subject to demolition.

Structures of the series 1-439, 1-439YA - 5-storey block-type buildings. Such a plan of buildings was built mainly in northern regions THE USSR. Khrushchev series 1-447 is a popular type of building. Similar structures were built up to 1970 inclusive. The height of the rooms is up to 3 meters.

Panel type buildings

Buildings of type 1-464 are popular structures of the panel plan of the times of the USSR. They were erected in the first period of the construction of Khrushchev. Only from 1958 to 1964. more than 200 house-building factories in all regions were engaged in the development of such structures.

Series brick houses 1-466 — typical examples residential properties in 1 5 floors. The height of the rooms is 3 m. They were built exclusively in Moscow (its northern part). The walls of brick houses are made of fragile vibrobrick. Up to 6 panels are installed at the end. Such houses are short-lived.

Houses of the 1-467 series are the first panel structure that has a load-bearing wall spacing. For the first time, the project of such buildings included a variation of the layout of a 1,2,3-room apartment. Houses of 1-5 floors of a similar plan were built in the Moscow region and other parts of the country.

Houses of the 1-510 series are fairly common block 5-storey houses. Their peculiarity is in the thickness of the outer walls, which is up to 40 cm. These are durable buildings, but some of them are demolished in the course of various reconstructions of city quarters.

Structures of type 1-511 - a multi-sectional structure, a brick Khrushchev building in Moscow. In such houses there are apartments for 1-2-3 rooms. There are several modifications of buildings, which are distinguished by the height of apartments, quality building materials, type of roof.

Types of MG objects

Houses 1MG-300 or MG-300 are panel buildings with 5 floors. Their peculiarity lies in the presence of square balconies, the cubic capacity of which is small. There are 3 apartments on each floor of this house. They were built until 1968 inclusive.

Buildings of the type 1P-303-2 are a 5-storey panel building, the second most frequent building in Moscow and the region. Distinctive feature 5-storey objects - sloping balconies, including end ones. Structures of type 11-07 are among the first panel houses 5 floors on the territory of Moscow (its southwestern part). Construction period - 1958-1961. These houses are in disrepair, most of them have already been demolished.

Buildings 11-07-19 - panel buildings with fragile external walls made of vibrobrick. Often houses are tiled, each of them has 4 narrow windows at the ends. Almost all structures of this format are in disrepair, but their demolition is carried out only in the western parts of Moscow. Houses 11-17 are a modification of the 1-510 series. Have larger areas one-room apartment And large area 3-room apartment. These houses were built in the 60s. last century in Izmailovo, Nagatino.

Small family objects

This is an example of Khrushchev buildings above 5 floors in Moscow. Most of them are 8-, 9-storey block structures. In each apartment of such a house there is a sit-down bath; in two-room apartments rooms are often adjacent.

House series 11-18-01/09 MIK - brick buildings with 9 floors, an analogue of block structures 11-18-01/09.

Building 11-32 - typical panel house from vibrobrick, the outer walls of which are tiled.

A characteristic feature of such buildings is balconies on pillars. A variation of this series - 11-32-130 - houses with small apartments (small families). They are designed for small families. The room has an average of 9-13 square meters. m., and the kitchen has a cubic capacity of no more than 3-3.5 square meters. m.

Buildings 11-34 are an example of 5-story brick structures with small family apartments. Similar buildings were built in the capital in different places(1-2 houses in sleeping areas). These are two-building houses, which are connected by a one-story section, in the center of which there is a room - a dining room.

Structures of type 11-35 - 5-storey brick houses with two and three bedroom apartments. Their distinctive feature is the presence of rather big external panels. Such houses were often built in 1959-1962. Today they have all been demolished.

Objects 11-38 and Brezhnevka

Structures 11-38 are the first panel-type houses made of three-dimensional elements. The apartment rooms were assembled at factories, and they were only assembled at construction sites. These were experimental, trial structures, they were erected in 1959-1962. in Lublino, Cheryomushki. There are also such structures in Perm, Minsk. Type K-7 - Khrushchev frame, panel type. This massive buildings in Moscow, 1958 construction. Their walls are the thinnest among all, therefore their demolition is a priority.

The Khrushchevs, which did not justify themselves at all, were replaced by the Brezhnevs. At first, these were 8-, 9-story buildings, which then turned into 12- and 16-story buildings. These are the first structures with elevators and garbage chutes. The layout of apartments in such buildings has become more perfect and modern. They have improved sound and heat insulation.

The layout of apartments in such houses has become more convenient. The construction of such houses began in the 70s. last century. Such houses can rightly be called prototypes of modern buildings. After Brezhnevka, they began to build buildings according to standard projects. The most common series of panel modern structures are KOPE, KOPE-M-PARUS, 155 and i-155m, p-3m, P-44m.