Why do you need a sewer pipe. Do-it-yourself sewerage in a private house: scheme and depth of laying sewer pipes for draining water What is needed for sewerage

It is difficult for us to live without amenities, even being in a private house. We strive to provide maximum convenience, creating an optimal standard of living for our family. For this, it is very important to think over the issue of sewerage construction in advance.

When constructing a sewer with your own hands in a private country cottage, You can save money, but you need to carry out these works in accordance with construction and installation requirements.

Sewerage in the house involves the arrangement of external and internal sewerage.

Internal is piping, installation of a fan pipe and a riser.

The outer one includes a set of pipes running from the house to a septic tank or a deep cleaning station.

Scheme of internal sewerage

This septic tank has three chambers interconnected. Water enters first, settles and leaves in the sediment solid waste. Then it is pumped to the second, which is the aeration tank, where water is mixed with activated sludge from microorganisms and plants. All of them are aerobic, and forced aeration is necessary for their vital activity.

Then water and sludge enter the third chamber, which is a deep cleaning sump, after which the sludge is pumped back to the aeration tank by a pump.

The sewer system needs communication with the atmosphere for air inflow in the event of rarefaction and gas removal. For these purposes, a sewer pipe is installed in a private house. Its absence can lead to the fact that the system will not work correctly - the water drain will be accompanied by annoying sounds, and the room will appear bad smell.

With intensive draining of water, the flow rate in the sewer system increases sharply, as a result of which a zone of rarefied pressure is formed. Since, according to the law of physics, the pressure in a closed system tends to equalize, water from the outlets and siphons rushes into the rarefaction zone, which causes unpleasant and rather loud rattling and squelching sounds in the kitchen and bathroom. Fan pipes for sewerage provide instant air flow into the rarefaction zone, thanks to which excludes the possibility of "sucking" of water from hydraulic seals.

Toilets are often cited as the main cause of rarefaction, but it should be remembered that the flow rate can increase significantly during operation. washing machine, which drains water under pressure. If you answer the question why a sewer sewer pipe is needed, in one phrase, we can say that such structures prevent the common clearance of the sewer riser from being blocked by the drained flow.

Another function of the fan pipe is removal of gases formed in the sewer system. Otherwise, they can get into the room, causing a lot of trouble.

Pipe materials and diameters

Since the fan pipe in a private house is part of the system, it will be optimal to make it from the same material that is selected for the rest of the pipelines. In some cases, a combination of materials is allowed, but experts believe that the effectiveness of heterogeneous systems is significantly lower.

For installation of the inside of the sewer in a private house, cast iron or plastic pipes.

Cast iron pipes have the required durability, however, in the presence of defects in processing or mechanical damage, they become susceptible to corrosion. In addition, the large weight of the products significantly complicates the installation, not only in terms of increasing labor costs, but also in terms of fixing the vertical sections of the pipeline.
Increasingly, for the installation of internal sewer systems are used plastic pipes, which, in addition to low weight, have a number of other advantages, including strength, durability, absolute immunity to corrosion and the presence of a smooth inner surface reducing the likelihood of deposits and blockages. Another benefit of plastic is big choice not only pipes of different diameters, but also the fittings necessary for the implementation of the developed scheme.

The choice of the diameter of the fan pipe is made taking into account the design features of the system. Main condition: the diameter of the vent pipe should not be less than the largest pipe(including pipes and outlets) systems.

Since in the vast majority of cases the largest sewer pipes are used to connect the toilet and have a diameter of 110 mm, the drain pipes are also installed with the same diameter.

Riser installation and roof outlet

The current building codes (SNiP 2.04.01-85 * "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings") recognize the mandatory installation of a fan riser for houses with 2 or more floors, however, experts are sure that in a one-story private house such a design can significantly increase the degree comfort and relieve extra hassle. Taking into account the purpose of the vent pipes, it becomes clear that their need directly depends on the degree of risk of blocking the flow of the sewer, and therefore on the amount of effluent entering the system. Thus, when using the house as a place summer holidays with short-term residence and the presence of a minimum amount of plumbing and drain points, you can completely do without a fan pipe.

For a full-fledged residential building, which has a toilet, bathroom or shower room, several taps, washing and Dishwasher, the fan pipe is, if not mandatory, then, in any case, a very desirable addition to the sewer system.

The installation of a sewer pipe is not difficult. In fact, the fan part of the system consists of individual outlets for drain points and a fan riser. With a large area of \u200b\u200bthe house and several bathrooms or toilet rooms located at a considerable distance from each other, several fan risers can be installed in order to eliminate the laying of long horizontal pipelines in which the traction force is reduced. When connecting several outlets with one fan pipe, it is better to place the supply pipelines with a slight slope.

Intensive movement of gases through the pipe and their effective removal the temperature difference contributes from the system - the initial section of communications is located in a heated room, and the final one is outside the house.

Since the main part of the fan pipe is a vertically located line, it is important to take care of its reliable fixation. Fan pipes are attached to the walls with the help of. In some cases, it is recommended to soundproofing of fan risers using materials specially designed for this purpose (for example, mineral wool rolled cloth or plates).

Special attention is required to bring the vent pipe to the roof. It can be carried out through a riser located inside the house or with the help of a fixed on outer wall pipe houses. Optimal is the output of the fan riser exactly on the roof, since the exit to the attic is not allowed by existing norms and rules, and the installation of the structure under the overhang increases the risk of pipe destruction when ice or snow mass leaves the roof.

In order for the system to work effectively, it is important to follow certain rules.

The height of the vent pipe above the surface pitched roof should be at least 0.5 m above the non-operated flat roof- 0.3 m. And if the roof is used, then the height of the pipe must be at least 3 m.
If there are several pipes leading to the roof ( general ventilation, chimney from a fireplace or stove, etc.), the fan pipe must necessarily be higher than all the others. Otherwise, unpleasant odors can enter the room. For the same reason, it is strictly forbidden to combine a fan riser with common system ventilation or with a chimney.
The distance from the windows to the vent pipe should not be less than 4 m.
It is preferable to carry out the exit of the fan pipe in the place where the maximum number of drain points is located, without transferring the pipe for aesthetic reasons.
It is not recommended to install decorations or other additional elements. Their presence can contribute to the formation of condensate and, accordingly, icing and a decrease in the diameter of the passage. The removal of gases in this case will be less efficient.

check valve

Installation check valve on the exhaust pipe can improve the efficiency of the system, in particular, prevent the backflow of gases. In addition, non-return valves reduce the risk of clogging the drain pipe.

Sewerage without a fan pipe equipped with will perform its functions, however, its ease of use and degree of reliability may be lower, therefore, the combined use of these elements is still recommended. In particular, with dried water in the siphon, the valve alone will not be able to get rid of the smell.

Installation of a fan pipe is carried out at the stage of construction of the inner part of the sewer, it is quite possible to do it yourself with minimal skills. It is only important to strictly follow the recommendations of specialists and the requirements of building codes and regulations. Usage modern materials significantly reduces labor intensity.

Before talking about fan pipes, you need to find out if a fan pipe is needed in a private house. The purpose of the fan pipes is easy to explain - they are needed to connect the sewer to the atmosphere, which ensures ventilation of the system. In addition, the drain pipe equalizes the pressure in the sewer pipeline, so the resulting rarefaction does not lead to the emptying of the siphons.

The need to install fan pipes directly depends on the volume of simultaneous discharge into the sewer - if it is large enough, then the pipe is definitely needed. However, this point will be discussed further. In this article, we will talk about why a fan pipe is needed in the sewerage of a private house.

Fan pipe functions

Air is always present in any sewer pipeline, but when drained, it begins to escape into the atmosphere and draws water from the water seals. The absence of a water seal always causes a characteristic sewer smell to enter the room.

fan pipe in a private house simultaneously serves three purposes:

Gas withdrawal from the pipes of the sewer system;
Maintaining the required pressure in the pipes, which allows you to simultaneously drain a large number of drains without the risk of launching an unpleasant odor into the house;
Forms the necessary vacuum in the sewer.

It is mandatory to install a fan pipe if the following conditions are met:

The diameter of the sewer riser is less than 50 mm;
Each floor has a separate bathroom connected to a single sewer system;
Water from the connected pool is drained into the sewer;
Right next to the building there is an autonomous sewer system (for example, a cleaning septic tank).

Installation of sewer pipes

When installing a fan pipe in a private house, you need to ensure that the following rules are observed:

The diameter of the fan pipe must always match the dimensions of the riser;
The fan pipe and ventilation are brought to the roof so that it is located at the maximum distance from windows and balconies;
It is best to place the fan pipe at a distance of 30-50 cm from the ridge - as practice shows, this height is enough for the normal removal of air from the system;
Fan pipes are installed to compensate for one-time drains, so their value must be known exactly before the system is put into operation;
For the bathroom, a 110 mm riser is used, so the pipe diameter cannot be less than 110 mm;
Bathroom drains typically use 50mm pipes and the drain pipe should have the same capacity.

Fan pipe installation rules

When arranging a system with a vent pipe connection, the following rules must be observed:

When choosing material for a fan pipe, you need to ensure that the diameter of the selected pipes matches the diameter of the riser;
The top edge of the exhaust pipe should be at the point where the exhausted air will mix with the atmosphere the fastest (for example, attic space not suitable for this);
The first segments of the sewer system must be located in the heated part of the room;
The last section of the pipeline is installed where there is no heating - the movement of polluted air masses is provided due to temperature changes and pressure changes.

There is one more point that should be considered separately, since it is not directly related to the fan pipes, but is directly related to the work of the sewer. When installing various plumbing fixtures, the following situation arises - the volume of siphons does not correspond to the characteristics of plumbing.

All this leads to a simple result: in small siphons, the water dries out too quickly, and nothing prevents the smell from getting into the room, and draining from large siphons is impractical, and the fan pipes will most likely simply not be able to compensate for it.

Conclusion of ventilation pipes to the roof

The sewer system is used to divert wastewater outside the building. In order for the sewage system to fully function, it must be equipped with ventilation - and for this, risers with fan pipes are installed. Important point: fan pipes for outdoor sewerage can not be equipped with various exhaust devices, such as deflectors or weather vanes.

If there are several risers in the building, it will be much easier to combine them into one system and bring them out through one ventilation duct ending in a fan pipe. The design provides for the sequential installation of a skew tee, a 45-degree elbow, another elbow and a straight tee.

There are several simple rules outlet pipe to the roof:

The fan pipe is installed about half a meter above the roof ridge - but this is only relevant for unused roofs. On the roof, where available summer terrace or a garden, the fan pipe will have to be raised three meters above the roof level.
A sewer system that includes more than one riser is usually combined through a single ventilation pipe.
When calculating the place for the outlet of the fan pipe to the atmosphere, it is necessary to select it in such a way that the distance from the nearest windows is at least 4 m.
It is highly undesirable to bring the fan pipeline under the roof eaves - the structure is very likely to be damaged by precipitation. See also: "".

Installation of a check valve in a private house

In order for the fan pipeline to function efficiently, it must be additionally equipped with a check valve, which allows solving a number of problems:

Compensation for errors made during the installation of sewerage in determining the magnitude of the slope of the pipeline, due to which they were lowered into the system wastewater can return to plumbing fixtures;
Prevention of getting into sewer pipeline various foreign objects, rodents and other living creatures.

The operation of the check valve is reduced to the following points:

Wastewater discharged from plumbing fixtures easily enters the system through the automatically opening valve cover;
The rest of the time, when wastewater is not discharged into the system, the valve is closed;
An increase in pressure in the pipeline or its clogging will not cause runoff to enter the room - the valve does not open in the opposite direction.

The non-return valve can be mounted on the external and on the internal part of the sewer system. Before installing the valve in the system, you must first clean and degrease the pipes so that the element fits well into place.

When the preparation is completed, the valve is launched into the system with the right side, and its petals are bent towards the plumbing fixtures. When preparing pipes for valve installation, do not use different kinds lubricants - the structure must be dried at the time of installation.

Conclusion

A fan pipe in a private house allows you to solve a number of problems associated with the operation of the sewer system. Installation of a fan pipe and a non-return valve is not particularly difficult, and if the sewer was equipped with your own hands, then these elements can be installed independently.

Live outside the city with the same comfort as in a city apartment? Today it is already difficult to surprise anyone. Almost everyone has heard that for comfort, you just need to install an autonomous sewage system on the site.

But what it is, how it works, how to choose it correctly and what to do with it after installation - almost no one knows. Today we will tell you all about it, in this article:

What you need to know about the characteristics of an autonomous sewer?

So, what should be considered when choosing autonomous sewerage to a suburban area?

The main parameter of autonomous sewage - maximum stock volume which she can process in 24 hours.
Salvo drop.
No less important is insertion depth, indicating at what depth pipes for sewerage can be laid.
Service period when it is necessary to remove accumulated sludge from the equipment.
Wastewater treatment quality- usually this figure is 98%.
Housing material.
Ease of installation.

Among the disadvantages of systems can be identified high cost. But if we take into account the costs of calling a sewage truck when arranging a conventional cesspool they will quickly pay off.

4 sewer options

You can equip the sewer on the site in different ways:

Cesspool- often used in summer cottages, but does not meet the requirements of environmental conservation.
Installation of local treatment facilities is a more expensive option than the first, but is only suitable for houses with year-round use.
Storage tanks are a simple method, but not for everyone. Effluent accumulates in tanks, pumped out by a sewage machine. Eco-friendly but not cheap.
Septic tank - wastewater is purified up to 98% and enters the drainage well. Maintenance - pumping out sludge once every 2-3 years, which can be used as fertilizer.

3 ways to clean wastewater, which one to choose?

The most common first two types of sewers are:

with mechanical cleaning;
with biological treatment;
with combined cleaning.

Septic tank with mechanical wastewater treatment

Has its pros and cons. Let's highlight some of them based on user reviews. Works by itself, unlike the following type.

Pros/Cons

work without power consumption,
equipment does not require constant maintenance,
year-round work
if necessary, you can take a break in the work of the septic tank.

not a very pleasant smell
sewer pipes need to be laid, big square plot,
service with special equipment,
suitable geological conditions are required.

Sewer installation:

We determine the volume of the device - at least 200 liters of waste per person per day.
We choose the place where the future sewerage will be installed.
We dig a hole under the tank or concrete rings.
We supply pipes and mount a platform for the withdrawal of purified water.

Biological treatment (septic tank or VOC)

The essence of an autonomous sewage system (link Topas treatment plants, as in the photo below) is its autonomous operation without constant maintenance. The septic is biological treatment without access to oxygen, but electricity is not needed. VOC is also biological purification by bacteria, but with the use of oxygen (aerobic). Local treatment plants are a subspecies of an autonomous sewage system, which is a monoblock. Effluent in the device is cleaned biologically due to the action of microorganisms on them.

The principle of operation of the device is based on forced aeration, due to which the effluents are cleaned so well. But, despite all its advantages, this device also has a drawback - it is volatile, that is, it works exclusively when voltage is applied. However, it works silently and without odors.

Installation of an autonomous station occurs as follows:

Preparation of the pit in accordance with the dimensions of the installation.
Digging a trench for the pipeline, insulation of outlet pipes.
Installation of the station and connection of pipes to it.
Electricity supply and connection.

As a result of all the above, it should be noted that an autonomous sewer system is not at all simple, therefore it must be built according to a specially prepared project.