Why keep snow on the fields? Snow retention is one of the important agrotechnical measures Where to carry out snow retention.

Snow is a great helper for the summer resident in caring for the garden. In winter, it protects the roots of plantings from severe frosts, and in spring this melt water is a good help in moistening the soil. Often, winters are not snowy, and the summer resident has to go to various tricks in order to accumulate and save as much snow as possible. December was not rich negative temperatures but January promises to be frosty. What needs to be done to ensure snow retention in your area?

Snow barriers

Snow retention methods are temporary and permanent. Temporary and simplest measures include such seasonal works as the installation of barriers across the prevailing winds so that in a blizzard they will not allow snow to leave the site or quickly melt into a thin layer of precipitation.

As barriers, you can use various barrier shields measuring 1x2 meters, dug into the ground in a checkerboard pattern. For their manufacture, a wide variety of improvised materials are used:
1. Such barriers can be put together from boards.
2. It is permissible to use sheets of old slate for this.
3. Even small piles of cut stems of shrubs and tree branches left on the site will fit for these purposes (provided, of course, that they were not affected by infectious diseases, and their presence does not threaten the health of the site).
4. Old tires scattered around the site also help to keep the snow.

As snow boulders accumulate, the shields are moved to other places.

Surely it is important for zealous owners that in winter time the garden had an attractive decorative look. You can help in this matter by installing wicker fences. To make these with your own hands, special skills are not required. To do this, you only need a few more or less even, durable sticks, willow twigs and a couple of free evenings. Do not spoil the picture and decorative fences.

Rolls and branches

For snow retention, some natural methods. First of all, it is raking snow into rolls. After a heavy snowfall, the snow is raked into dense piles, taking into account the direction of the wind. It is preferable to do this in a slight thaw so that the snow is wet and rolls well.

To accumulate snow and protect plants from frost helps bending branches to the ground. This is done with raspberries and gooseberries, flexible hazelnuts and black raspberries, slate trees. For this purpose, actinidia vines are laid on the ground.

We walk in the garden, trampling

Accumulated snow is important to be able to save and apply. Hilling tree trunks with snow will bring undoubted benefits. At the same time, you need to try so that the snow cone is slightly elongated to the south. In this place, already in January, the snow will heat up and melt more.

Compacting will help to make the snowmelt time longer. Therefore, it is useful to trample the snow in the garden. To enhance the effect, it is additionally sprinkled with sawdust and straw. Among other things, such measures will save one of the first plants blooming, for example, apricots, from early spring frosts.

Future plans

For those who have only recently acquired a personal plot, it is necessary to carefully plan the rational placement of plants and permanent snow retention facilities on it - installing fences, planting trees and shrubs. When laying a garden, consider the following:
1. Where snow will accumulate, raspberries, strawberry plantations are located near the hedges and other obstacles, they plant chokeberry, slate varieties of trees, creepers, perennial flowers.
2. In more open areas where snow is blown by the winds, they plan to land standard trees, as well as honeysuckle, sea buckthorn.
3. Plums and cherries are cast with frost resistance - they can be planted in the most ventilated places - near outbuildings, houses.

These are the simple rules for caring for the garden in the winter months. Don't neglect them and your household plot will thank bountiful harvest in summer.

The wind drives the ground. A tractor is moving across a snowy field. Behind it remains a ridged surface. Snowfall is in progress.

With the help of special snowrowers, artificial snow obstacles are formed on the field. The rolls are quite dense. Now the wind does not carry snow to places of natural obstacles - forest plantations located on the edges of the field. During a snowfall, the snow is retained by the windrows, accumulates between them, and a deep snow cover forms on the entire field. Effective snow retention can be carried out with the help of shrubs, for this it is enough to buy ornamental shrubs and drop them around the field.

With timely and properly carried out snow retention, winter crops and perennial grasses better tolerate winter cold. thick layer snow protects the soil from deep freezing and protects against the formation of an ice crust on the surface of the field. In spring, the soil is well moistened, the runoff of melt water is reduced.

Snow retention is an effective agricultural technique for increasing soil moisture reserves. It is carried out on fallows, fallow, winter crops and perennial herbs and other agricultural lands. Depending on the prevailing weather conditions fields are treated with snow plows two to four times. The greatest effect is achieved when the snow begins to delay as much as possible. early dates.

The first snow retention in fields sown with winter crops, perennial grasses, and with the remaining stubble is carried out with a snow cover thickness of 12-14 centimeters, on fallow - with a thickness of 15-20 centimeters.
In autumn, before the onset of frost, the fields must be cleared of obstacles. Ravines, beams and other unremovable barriers are marked with special signs.

Snow rolls are formed across the snow transfer direction. Its height, as a rule, is 2-3 times the thickness of the snow cover.

On fields with a snow cover thickness of more than 30 cm, snow retention is carried out by two-plow mounted snowplows used in road clearing.

Snow retention is carried out on millions of hectares, on virgin lands in Siberia, the Urals, the Volga region. If you buy ornamental shrubs, then you can carry out snow retention in the garden.

In areas where the soil is highly susceptible to wind erosion, non-moldboard cultivation is used. Therefore, up to 90 percent of the stubble is preserved on the surface of the field. It protects the soil from blowing out, and in winter it helps to retain snow.

If it is necessary to carry out steam processing with plows with mouldboards, then rocker pairs are used. Corn, sunflower, mustard and other crops are sown in strips (backstage) on a clean fallow. In winter, these strips serve as a natural barrier that prevents snow blowing. On such fields, snow retention is carried out at an earlier date, since snow accumulates faster here.

Snow retention is one of the important agrotechnical measures. It is estimated that its timely and high-quality implementation gives an increase in grain yield up to 2 centners per hectare.

In winter, the plants in the garden hibernate, but even at this time, gardeners should not leave them unattended.

The further vegetation of trees and shrubs depends on the correctness of actions in the winter.

Even when frosts rage in winter and snow falls to the waist, experienced gardeners there is always something to do on the site or in the house. And in regions where winters are warm and mild, garden work come with no less intensity than at any other time of the year.

Snow work

White fluffy snow in winter delights many of us, especially those who are fond of winter sports. But for gardeners, this is a cause for concern.

No snow - bad, too much has fallen - again, you need to puzzle over how to remove it from the trees.

Everyone knows that snow cover is useful for garden plants, which under it gain strength for life in summer period.

But is snow good for all the inhabitants of the garden?

In what cases does snow cover become a heavy burden for plants?

We hasten to reassure you, most plants under the snow feel great. Snow cover renders positive influence on their livelihoods.

Snow is a poor conductor of heat and, therefore, with its help, heat is retained in the soil and shrubs and trees do not freeze even in severe frosts.

It is hard to imagine, but the temperature of the soil under the snow is 15 degrees higher than that left bare for the winter. Even a small layer of snow cover only 6-10 centimeters thick already brings tangible benefits to plants and protects against freezing.

Worst of all happens to plants that are not only left without snow, but are also blown by a piercing icy wind. In such weather, the soil freezes several times faster, which leads to the death of trees or shrubs. Therefore, snow on the site should be delayed by all possible means.

How to keep snow on the site

So, snow should be delayed. First of all, you need to pay attention to the trunks of trees and shrubs. They must be heaped with snow if it is not enough around the plantings.

Fresh loose snow will not lie on the site for long, it will be blown away by the wind, and it will evaporate from the surface. For example, in clear and sunny weather in winter, up to 5% of snow evaporates per day. Therefore, by all means one should prevent the wind so that it does not blow away the snow cover and does not evaporate it.

The easiest way to make barriers to the wind from the leeward side. They will not only prevent fresh snow blowing, but also contribute to its accumulation, since snow always accumulates near obstacles. It is only necessary to determine in which direction the prevailing wind blows in a given area.

For snow retention, you can use any improvised means. These can be shields made of boards, sheets of thick cardboard, pieces of plywood, slate, as well as last year's grass tied into bunches.

Barricades made of these materials work well, but the garden does not look presentable. Therefore, if you do not want to see this kind of view, you should think about other ways to keep the snow.

Snow can be delayed in a natural way - with the help of rolls from it. Rolls are made easily and quickly if there is an appropriate technique for this.

For example, for a large area, you can purchase a walk-behind tractor, lawn tractor or rider.

Attached to them attachments- snow plow or snow plow. With the help of a snow plow, you can easily form windrows.

Work should begin on a clear frosty day, and not during a thaw when the snow is sticky and wet, otherwise the windrows will be too dense. Snow for windrow formation should be light and fluffy. It is better to choose a snow blower with a long throw, then even a large lawn will be thrown quickly enough.

If there is no special equipment in the arsenal or the area is too small for its use, it does not matter. The same work can be done with a shovel or a manual snow pusher. Will have to loosen up fresh air but the result is worth it.

Also, enterprising gardeners build special shields that not only do not spoil appearance site, but even decorate it.

For example, rural wattle fences woven from willow vines or a fence made of frost-resistant plastic substitutes look spectacular.

You can install low metal-plastic fences on the site, which are not afraid of even the most severe frosts. Fences that fenced flower beds and lawns in the summer will also serve well in the winter.

With a good owner, almost any device comes into play.

For example, portable pergolas, which were intended for annual vines in summer, can be used in winter to hold snow.

Their lower part is sealed with a film or mesh. And if you have a special plastic mesh on hand to protect roads, it will undoubtedly hold the snow perfectly. In the garden, it can be installed in an arcuate or straight.

The hedges themselves, without any pre-training, can serve as an excellent tool for snow retention. These green "walls" are the best way to hold the snow mass.

The green hedge consists of two or three rows and has sufficient density, so it will not only fulfill its direct, decorative function, but also hold high snowdrifts around it.

And if you cover the hedge from below with snow rolls, it will protect the garden from the piercing wind and, in frosts, will help maintain a favorable soil temperature.

How to insulate plants in a little snowy winter

A winter without snow, but with winds that blow the last snowflakes out of our garden, can become worse than bitter frosts for a garden.

Severe frosts in the absence of snow can completely destroy many garden plants, therefore, it is imperative to insulate trees, and insulation should be carried out with all care.

The soil can be covered with a mulch of sawdust, peat or shavings.

In our age high technology it is better to opt for natural materials- burlap or do-it-yourself reed mats.

Any nonwoven fabric can be used. The burlap does not look too decorative, but it does its job perfectly!

Low shrubs cover completely or protect with a covering of obsolete branches. But at the same time, it is necessary to first inspect the plant and remove all old leaves.

Advice
Experienced gardeners are advised not to use film for insulation, since the weather is very changeable and not everyone has the opportunity to rush into the garden and take shelter when necessary.

As a result, after an unexpected thaw, wrapped plants suffocate. Currently in stores special materials, such as lutrasil or sponbond, under which such an effect is not observed.

Removing snow

There are no words to describe the beauty that reigns in winter garden. The dark green branches of the fir trees are covered with white caps of snow, and the bushes and trees seem to be covered with a silvery veil.

But excess snow can also harm plants!
Under its weight, the trunks of young trees bend down to the ground and bend, the branches are broken. For this reason, it is recommended to remove fresh snow from the branches of the garden inhabitants in a timely manner.

After a heavy snowfall, release fruit trees from its gravity. In frost, the plants become brittle, so the snow must be shaken off very carefully, otherwise the branches may break, and if you shake the whole tree or by the branches, you can cause irreparable harm to them.

It is better to take a stick and lightly tap on the snow caps to make them fall. From the lower branches, the snow cover can be shaken off with your hands.

Measures to help reduce snow blowing off the fields and more even snow cover. This is sowing in a pair of special high-stemmed crops wide rows- backstage (stage pairs), installation artificial defenses(from sunflower stalks, sheaves of straw or shields taken on railways), the device of shafts from snow by plowing.[ ...]

Snow retention, carried out mainly in order to moisten the soil for spring wheat, as well as to thaw winter and perennial grasses on an area of ​​1 million hectares in 1932 and 2 million hectares in 1933, using all the most rational methods of snow retention for this (snow plowing, organization of snow protection strips, etc.).[ ...]

Snow retention (not to mention the timely deep plowing of the soil in autumn) increases the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers in the zone of thick and ordinary chernozems. Southern chernozems and chestnut soils of arid regions must be irrigated to obtain a stable effect of all mineral fertilizers. However, the seeding application of superphosphate in rows is useful in these areas even without irrigation.[ ...]

Snow retention is carried out with the help of forest belts, wings, high stubble, snow plowing, installation of shields and other methods, as early as possible.[ ...]

At the first snow retention, when the average snow cover height is 12-15 cm, two snow plows can be aggregated with a tractor of 3 ton traction class. On deeper snow with repeated snow retention, this tractor usually works with one snow puff.[ ...]

Continued snow retention. In the thaw, trampling the snow around fruit trees. Shaking off wet snow from branches.[ ...]

Fall plowing, snow retention, retention of melt water, intermittent furrowing of the soil contribute to an increase in the effectiveness of fertilizers applied on slope soils.[ ...]

Backstage as a means of snow retention has long been known, but they were not widely used in production due to the fact that they served as a breeding ground for weeds that were not destroyed in the rows of backstage. At present, in connection with the development of methods of soil-protective agriculture and the possibility of using herbicides, it is possible to obtain relatively clean echelon strips, which in the future will not serve as a source of field clogging.[ ...]

In 1971, the efficiency of snow retention was somewhat lower than in 1969. The yield increase was 1.4 centners per 1 ha.[ ...]

Snow retention and regulation of snowmelt are important: sowing wings from tall plants, swathing snow, using shields, strip rolling and blackening of snow, etc.[ ...]

In many parts of the country, snow retention is carried out by snow rakes SVU-2.6. They are designed to create snow banks in order to retain and accumulate snow in the fields. SVU-2.6 - a trailed implement with a working width of 2.6 m. It has two blades working in full. The blades are equipped with removable plowshares, as well as height-adjustable skids on which they rise, leaving protective layer snow when working on crops of winter crops and perennial grasses. The back clearance of the tool has the shape of a trapezoid to form a stable snow roller with sloping walls. IN last years the snowplow SVU-2.6 began to be equipped with two large skis attached to the side of the dumps. Skis are designed to limit the depth of the snow plow.[ ...]

Gypsum solonetzes against the background of snow retention is especially effective for perennial grasses. Gypsum solonetz in combination with mineral fertilizers increases the yield of perennial grasses by 2-3 times. Particularly great is the responsiveness to these methods of the recently introduced into the culture of fodder salt-tolerant plants of the brittle-grass rush, the yield of which from these methods increases to 2.76 t/ha instead of 0.86 t/ha (Trofimov).[ ...]

The technology of planting wings for snow retention on winter wheat crops was developed by N.V. Dorofeev and A.A. Peshkova at the Zalarinsky station. It is recommended to use oilseed radish as a highly effective coulisse crop. best term backstage sowing on 15 July. The wings in the form of three-line strips are sown on a clean fallow across the direction of the prevailing winds in winter, the distance between the strips is 7 meters. Sowing of winter wheat is carried out across the wings in optimal time in an ordinary way. By this time, the height of oil radish plants reaches 15-20 cm, but damage to plants during the passage of the sowing unit is insignificant. Back to top winter period the height of the backstage reaches an average of 70 cm. In winter, the backstage delays the snow cover from being blown out, its height here is almost twice as high as in comparison with crops in pure fallow. Deep snow cover (40-60 cm) reliably protects winter wheat crops from freezing in severe frosts.[ ...]

In winter, snow retention is carried out in these areas in one way or another.[ ...]

One of the most effective methods of snow retention is snow plowing, which starts at a snow cover height of 8-12 cm and is carried out 2-3 times during the winter, mainly during thaws. The snow plow-rake used for this is a trailed implement with two removable plowshares with dump blades, equipped with two skis designed to maintain a protective layer of snow when working on crops of winter crops and perennial grasses. With the help of a snow plow, snow banks are formed with inclined walls from 40 to 70 cm high, placing them across the prevailing winds or crosswise at a distance of 5-10 m from one another on the lower parts of the slopes of the southern and western exposure and 15-20 m - on upper parts these slopes, as well as on the slopes of northern and eastern exposure. A very effective technique is also the making of rowing strips in the snow cover, carried out with the help of a bulldozer or a wedge-shaped snow plow (Kashtanov, Zaslavsky, 1984). The disadvantage of snow plowing is that in windy winters, the snow banks are destroyed and the snow is carried away from the fields. In this case big effect gives strip compaction of snow, especially when it is carried out during thaws. It contributes to the accumulation of an additional amount of snow on compacted strips, stretches the period of snowmelt and, consequently, reduces its average intensity. In addition, compacted snow strips reduce the rate of water runoff and retain the soil washed off the thawed patches. In the Moscow region the use of this technique reduced the rate of melt water runoff by 2-4 times and reduced the soil runoff by almost 60% (Kashtanov and Zaslavsky, 1984). For strip compaction of snow, heavy water-filled rollers are used, filling them with dry sand or a 35-40% solution of potassium salt.[ ...]

The phenomenon of freezing is fought with the help of snow retention. To reduce the formation of an ice crust and wetting of plants, melt water is removed from crops. To combat weathering, the surface of the snow is sometimes blackened, which contributes to the melting and compaction of the snow and to an increase in its thermal conductivity.[ ...]

In connection with the solution of the problem of differentiated snow retention and regulation of snowmelt on slopes of various exposures, the results of studying the effectiveness of strip blackening of snow on slopes of 7-8 ° southern and northern exposure deserve attention (V. V. Zhilko, 1976). The blackening of the snow was carried out with peat chips in strips 2 m wide. The distance between the blackened strips was 5–8 m. It was found that thawed patches formed faster on the blackened strips and the soil was freed from snow several days earlier than on the unblackened strips. At the same time, on the middle part of the slopes of the northern exposure, on the blackened strips, the snow melted 8-15 days earlier than on the non-blackened ones, and on the slopes of the southern exposure, this difference was three days. A decrease in snowmelt runoff and soil erosion on slopes with striped blackening of snow contributed to an increase in crop yields. At the same time, the increase in the yield of winter rye grain reached 3-3.5 c/ha.[ ...]

Special attention in this province should be drawn to snow retention and other measures aimed at protecting the soil from deep freezing.[ ...]

So, at the Bilki state farm, the Todorovskoy link, carrying out snow retention in the aisles of the garden on an area of ​​25 hectares in the winter of 1951/52, cutting furrows 1.5 m wide with snow after snowfalls, received an average fruit yield of 124.6 centners per 1 ha . The link of Kropivyanskaya, with other identical agricultural techniques, did not carry out this event and harvested 13.4 centners less per 1 hectare.[ ...]

In winter, in areas where gypsum is “carried”, snow retention is mandatory. On gentle slopes, furrowing across the slope is of great practical importance to increase the moisture content of gypsum soils. For the same purpose, mulching can be recommended.[ ...]

In the state farm "Timiryazevsky" of the Amvrosievsky district of the Donetsk region, snow retention is carried out by the method of field grading. At the same time, snow-plow passes are first made along the slope every 8-12 m, and then across it every 6-8 m. As a result, cells are obtained that are limited by snow rollers on all sides. In spring, the snow melts more intensively inside the cells, as a result of which ponds form in front of the lower rollers. Their water completely seeps into the soil, which in this case freezes much less and thaws faster under the snow cover (N.K. Shikula, 1968).[ ...]

As the results of studies conducted in Kazakhstan showed, the technology of snow retention, according to which shafts are cut with snow plow SVU-2.6 at a distance of 8-10 m or even 10-12 m from each other, does not provide a uniform distribution of the snow cover of the required height. Therefore, it is recommended to cut the shafts at a distance of 4-5 m between the centers (N. M. Bakaev, I. A, Vasko, 1981).[ ...]

Of exceptional importance, especially for ordinary and southern chernozems, is snow retention (sowing backstage, protective bands and etc.).[ ...]

Measures aimed at the accumulation and economical use of moisture in the soil: snow retention in the fields, timely closing of moisture in the spring are factors that increase the efficiency of fertilizers.[ ...]

In the Altai Territory, Omsk, Saratov and other regions, on fallows and fallow, for better snow retention, backstage is created from sunflower and mustard. Before sowing the rock plants, the fallow is treated 2 times in order to clear it of weeds. Sunflower backstage in the Altai Territory is sown from June 25 to July 5, and from mustard - in the first decade of July. The best results are obtained when creating two-, three-row backstage. For this, seeders SUK-24, SU-24, SZS-9 or SZS-2.1 are used, followed by rolling. The distance between the wings is 10-12 m, the seeding rate of sunflower seeds is 4-4.5 kg/ha, mustard is 300-400 g/ha.[ ...]

Erosion control methods are very diverse - protective crop rotations, backstage, grassing, snow retention, planting forest belts, non-moldboard processing, processing across slopes, afforestation of ravines, sands, banks of water bodies, construction of anti-erosion structures, etc.[ ...]

As already noted, the remaining stubble accumulates the first snow well, which makes it possible to carry out snow retention at the beginning of winter. With moldboard tillage, this is not possible, since the falling snow is almost completely blown away by the winds. The soil during flat-cutting, being well covered with stubble and snow, is not blown out during the winter. During autumn plowing, especially in windy winters with little snow, one can often observe the manifestation of deflation (the so-called “black winters”).[ ...]

Control measures. 1. Agrotechnical measures that ensure the accumulation and preservation of moisture in the soil (snow retention, spring closing of moisture, loosening of row spacing). 2. Compliance proper crop rotation. 3. The use of organic and mineral fertilizers that contribute to the development of a more powerful root system. 4. Compliance with the correct irrigation regime and soil loosening after irrigation.[ ...]

The radical method of regulating the thermal regime in cold period are snow reclamations. Snow retention is also an important means of accumulating moisture in the soil. It is widely used in arid and continental regions of the country - in the south and southeast of the European part of the USSR, in Western Siberia, Northern Kazakhstan and other regions where snow cover is usually small, and severe frosts with little snow cover can severely damage winter crops, perennial grasses, fruit crops. With a small snow cover, the soil temperature at the depth of the winter tillering node (about 3 cm) can reach critical values ​​and cause damage or death of plants.[ ...]

Snow reclamation is an effective method for regulating the thermal regime of soils in cold weather. Snow retention is also an important technique for the accumulation of moisture in the soil. It is widely used in arid and continental regions, where snow cover is usually small, and severe frosts can significantly damage field crops and plantings of fruit and berry crops.[ ...]

Agrotechnics of lupine cultivation. The soil intended for sowing green manure is plowed under the fall. In winter, snow retention is carried out, and in spring - retention of melt water and early closing of moisture.[ ...]

Control measures. 1. Carrying out a complex of post-harvest tillage for maximum accumulation of soil moisture, snow retention and rational use moisture in the spring in the pre-sowing period. 2. If there is a forecast for the reproduction of the spring fly, it is recommended to expand the crops of durum wheat. 3. Sowing of spring wheat at the optimal time for each zone.[ ...]

In the forest-steppe regions of Western Siberia, the Volga region, the Central Chernozem zone, moisture reserves in a meter layer of soil due to snow retention by the time of sowing spring crops (April - May) can be increased by 1.5 - 2 times.[ ...]

received in Altai positive results and from the use of sunflower wings in corn and perennial grasses. Snow retention with the help of wings increases the yield of hay alfalfa-rump mixture by 8-10 c/ha, and with the use of No. 24R24K2b - up to 20 c/ha.[ ...]

An important way to improve the conditions for overwintering winter crops in areas with thin and unstable snow cover is snow retention. In some winter-sowing regions, where snow is blown off the fields by the wind, high efficiency snow retention is different with the help of rock plants. Tall rock plants placed in winter crops contribute to the accumulation of snow in the fields, its more uniform occurrence, which improves temperature conditions overwintering of plants and protects wintering plants from freezing (Shulgin, 1962, 1967; Gubanov, Ivanov, 1988).[ ...]

In erosio-hazardous areas with poor moisture supply, snow retention is carried out to increase the endurance of plants to root rot.[ ...]

Snow cover can be used for reclamation purposes, which in the steppe and forest-steppe regions of Russia has long been done by snow retention to protect winter crops from freezing, as well as to retain moisture in the fields and to prevent soil erosion during spring snowmelt.[ ...]

The temperatures of rocks will be lower than natural in areas of terrace III, where shrub vegetation grew, which contributed to snow retention, and vice versa, they will increase in those territories from which moss-lichen vegetation is removed.[ ...]

Agrotechnical practices aimed at increasing soil moisture increase the efficiency of manure. At the Kamyshinskaya experimental station, with snow retention, the increase in spring wheat yield from manure was 5.2 centners, and without snow retention, 3 centners per 1 ha.[ ...]

Continue whitewashing or coating the trunk and bases of large branches. They collect mummified fruits and twisted leaves hanging on trees. They carry out snow retention and trampling of snow around tree trunks, digging area, nursery.[ ...]

The backstage of mustard on fallow fields requires significant additional costs. Economically, they are the most profitable in comparison with other methods of snow retention. Calculations show that when sowing backstage every 12 m, one unit sows 80-100 ha per shift. The cost of sowing and all other additional costs associated with the creation of wings from mustard is 50 kopecks. per 1 hectare of rock fallow. At the same time, the cost of snow retention with the help of snow plows. SVU-2.6 is 2 rubles. per 1 hectare, and the backstage of sunflower with the use of inter-row treatments - 2 rubles - 50 kopecks. per 1 ha.[ ...]

Field experiments at the Zalarinsky station, laid down in different years N.V. Dorofeev and A.A. Peshkova showed that when cultivating winter wheat in this region, echelon snow retention is an effective technique. In areas with early summer sowing of oil radish wings, the height of the snow cover and the uniformity of soil coverage with snow increase significantly compared to areas of the field with a natural occurrence of snow cover. The effectiveness of snow retention especially increases in winters with little snow. So, in the snowless winter of 1995/96, when, as mentioned above, the experimental and production crops of winter wheat died from freezing, on the experimental plot with the sowing of oil radish wings, located among the industrial crops, winter wheat was completely preserved. On the experimental plot with sowing backstage during the winter period, the height of the snow cover was 30-50 cm, while in the adjacent field the soil surface was slightly covered with snow.[ ...]

Agrotechnical measures are made up of the use of the soil-protective properties of the plants themselves - perennial grasses and annual crops, methods of anti-erosion tillage, special methods of snow retention and regulation of snowmelt, agrochemical means to increase the fertility of eroded soils.[ ...]

Agrotechnical measures. Agrotechnical measures mainly include measures to prevent soil erosion. This is primarily tillage and sowing of agricultural plants across the slope. Additional measures are the creation of water-retaining furrows and rollers, ditching, slotting, snow retention and soil protection from freezing. These measures ■ ensure the retention of up to 100 mm of snow water, a significant reduction in soil erosion and an increase in grain yield by 20%.[ ...]

In agronomic practice, methods are used that help to significantly reduce or eliminate adverse climatic effects on soils and agricultural plants. The lack of precipitation is compensated by irrigation, excessive soil moisture - by drainage; moisture accumulation is achieved by snow retention and regulation of snowmelt by strip blackening of the snow surface across the slope with peat or earthen dust, ash; evaporation of moisture is reduced by mulching the soil surface with straw, peat and other materials. It is possible to significantly reduce the destructive effect of dry winds in the steppe regions, increase soil moisture and relative air humidity, and prevent high soil heating by planting forest strips.[ ...]

The middle part of the country, which includes leached chernozems, gray forest soils, and some soddy-podzolic soils, occupies an intermediate position. Droughts also occur here, but usually the role of fertilizers comes to the fore, compensating for the deficiency of root nutrition elements in the soil. Nevertheless, it is necessary to carry out snow retention and accumulate moisture in the soil through its rational processing.[ ...]

As a result of a sharp change in weather from cold to warm and back, an ice crust forms on the soil. The snow melted after the thaw forms stagnant waters, which freeze when frost returns. The ground ice crust that forms in the soil itself, especially at the depth of the tillering node, is the most dangerous for plants. To combat the ice crust, snow retention should be applied and water stagnation should not be allowed on the fields.[ ...]

Among the advanced farms of the Altai Territory is also the Zarya Altai collective farm of the Zavyalovsky district. Here, a complex of soil protection measures was implemented on all erosion- and deflation-prone lands (19,460 ha). So, in 1980, the following soil-protective agrotechnical measures were carried out on the farm: non-moldboard tillage with the preservation of stubble on the surface - on an area of ​​10,730 hectares, sowing backstage on fallow fields - on 2200, snow retention - on 14250 hectares. On the collective farm, field-protective forest strips were created on an area of ​​86 hectares, eight ponds were built to retain flowing water and washed away soil.[ ...]

Areas of the field with natural snow cover served as control. Strip rolling of snow turned out to be ineffective, which may have been due to the low thickness of the snow cover. The ridges formed by the SVU-2.6 snow-plough-rower accumulated 1.6-1.7 times more snow compared to the control. However, the formation of obstacles with wedge-shaped snow plows turned out to be the most effective method of snow retention. After the passage of the square-snow plow, two rollers and a trench are formed with a depth of up to 55 and a width of up to 400 cm on top.